3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
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Essential Question
What are the structures of the nervous system?What are the structures of the nervous system?
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
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Introduction: Structures of the nervous system
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Cellular structures of the nervous system*Neuron- a nerve cell*Neuron- a nerve cell
Extensions of the neuronExtensions of the neuron
Dendrites – many; carry Dendrites – many; carry
impulses TO the cell bodyimpulses TO the cell body
Axon – only one; carries Axon – only one; carries
impulses AWAY from the impulses AWAY from the
cell body to the dendritescell body to the dendrites
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Cellular structures of the nervous system
Neuron- a nerve cellNeuron- a nerve cell Myelin sheath - a Myelin sheath - a
special covering of the special covering of the axonaxon
Synapse – the space Synapse – the space between neuronsbetween neurons
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Structures of the nervous system
*Central nervous *Central nervous systemsystem
**BrainBrain
**Spinal cordSpinal cord
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Structures of the nervous system *Peripheral nervous system*Peripheral nervous system
NervesNerves
**Cranial nerves (12)Cranial nerves (12)
**Spinal nerves (31 pairs)Spinal nerves (31 pairs)
Sensory receptorsSensory receptors
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Structures of the central nervous system:
BRAINBRAIN
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
*Cerebrum-largest *Cerebrum-largest part of the brainpart of the brain Divided into two Divided into two
hemispheres (right hemispheres (right and left)and left)
**Frontal lobeFrontal lobe *Occipital lobe*Occipital lobe **Parietal lobeParietal lobe **Temporal lobeTemporal lobe
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN DiencephalonDiencephalon
Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain
StructuresStructures ThalamusThalamus HypothalamusHypothalamus Pineal bodyPineal body Pituitary glandPituitary gland
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
DiencephalonDiencephalon ThalamusThalamus – spherical mass of – spherical mass of
gray matter; deep in the cerebral gray matter; deep in the cerebral hemisphereshemispheres
HypothalamusHypothalamus – lies below the – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic systemthalamus; part of the limbic system
Pineal body Pineal body – endocrine system – endocrine system glandgland
Pituitary gland Pituitary gland – endocrine – endocrine system glandsystem gland
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN Limbic systemLimbic system
Located in the center Located in the center of the brainof the brain
Encircles the top of Encircles the top of the brain stem.the brain stem.
Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)(Informational only for reference.)
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
**Cerebellum-Cerebellum-located below the located below the cerebrum; the 2cerebrum; the 2ndnd largest area of largest area of the brain the brain
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
BrainBrain stemstem MidbrainMidbrain Pons Pons Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
**Meninges-Meninges-membrane covering membrane covering of the brain and of the brain and spinal cordspinal cord **Dura materDura mater
Outermost layerOutermost layer **ArachnoidArachnoid
Middle layer Middle layer **Pia materPia mater
Innermost layerInnermost layer
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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN
Ventricles Ventricles – – 4 fluid filled4 fluid filled cavities deep within the brain filled with cerebrospinal
fluid Choroid plexus – rich
network of blood vessels that assist with the formation of cerebrospinal fluid
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Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal CordSpinal Cord
Surrounded by the Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid, the cerebrospinal fluid, the spinal cord extends to spinal cord extends to the 2the 2ndnd lumbar vertebrae lumbar vertebrae
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Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal CordSpinal Cord
Peripheral Peripheral nervous systemnervous system 12 cranial nerves12 cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal 31 pairs of spinal
nervesnerves
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Structures of the central nervous system
I. I. Olfactory-smellOlfactory-smell II. II. Optic-visionOptic-vision III. Oculomotor-eyelid and eyeball movementIII. Oculomotor-eyelid and eyeball movement IV. Trochlear-turns eye downward and laterallyIV. Trochlear-turns eye downward and laterally V. Trigeminal-face and mouth touch, chewingV. Trigeminal-face and mouth touch, chewing VI. Abducens-turns eye laterallyVI. Abducens-turns eye laterally VII. VII. Facial-facial expressionsFacial-facial expressions, taste, secretion of tears and saliva, taste, secretion of tears and saliva VIII. VIII. Vestibulocochlear-hearing, equilibrium, sensationVestibulocochlear-hearing, equilibrium, sensation IX. Glossopharyngeal-taste, senses carotid blood pressureIX. Glossopharyngeal-taste, senses carotid blood pressure X. X. VagusVagus-senses aortic blood pressure, -senses aortic blood pressure, slows heart rate, stimulates slows heart rate, stimulates
digestive organsdigestive organs, taste, taste XI. Spinal accessory-controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, XI. Spinal accessory-controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles,
controls swallowingcontrols swallowing XII. XII. Hypoglossal-movement of tongueHypoglossal-movement of tongue
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Structures of the central nervous system
Peripheral Peripheral nervous systemnervous system 31 pairs of spinal 31 pairs of spinal
nervesnerves
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Structures of the central nervous system Peripheral Peripheral
nervous systemnervous system 12 cranial nerves12 cranial nerves 31 pairs of nervous31 pairs of nervous
Anterior
View
Posteriorview
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Structures of the central nervous system
Motor systemMotor system Autonomic Autonomic
nervous systemnervous systemSympathetic Sympathetic
nervous systemnervous systemParasympathetic Parasympathetic
nervous systemnervous system Somatic nervous Somatic nervous
systemsystem
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Structures of the central nervous system Autonomic nervous systemAutonomic nervous system
Sympathetic Sympathetic nervous systemnervous system Extends from the base Extends from the base
of the brain, along both of the brain, along both sides of the spinal sides of the spinal columncolumn
These nerves connect These nerves connect to all internal organsto all internal organs
Parasympathetic Parasympathetic nervous systemnervous system The vagus nerve The vagus nerve
connects the medulla connects the medulla with organs of the with organs of the upper bodyupper body
The pelvic nerve The pelvic nerve emerges from the emerges from the spinal cord and spinal cord and connects with the connects with the organs of the lower organs of the lower bodybody
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Structures of the central nervous system Somatic nervous systemSomatic nervous system
These nerves are These nerves are located along the located along the spinal cord.spinal cord.
Connect skeleton, Connect skeleton, muscles and joints muscles and joints to the brain.to the brain.
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Structures of the central nervous system
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knowledge…
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Structures of the nervous system
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Essential question
What are the structures of the nervous system?What are the structures of the nervous system?