3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system.

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

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Essential Question

What are the structures of the nervous system?What are the structures of the nervous system?

3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

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Introduction: Structures of the nervous system

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Cellular structures of the nervous system*Neuron- a nerve cell*Neuron- a nerve cell

Extensions of the neuronExtensions of the neuron

Dendrites – many; carry Dendrites – many; carry

impulses TO the cell bodyimpulses TO the cell body

Axon – only one; carries Axon – only one; carries

impulses AWAY from the impulses AWAY from the

cell body to the dendritescell body to the dendrites

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Cellular structures of the nervous system

Neuron- a nerve cellNeuron- a nerve cell Myelin sheath - a Myelin sheath - a

special covering of the special covering of the axonaxon

Synapse – the space Synapse – the space between neuronsbetween neurons

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Structures of the nervous system

*Central nervous *Central nervous systemsystem

**BrainBrain

**Spinal cordSpinal cord

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Structures of the nervous system *Peripheral nervous system*Peripheral nervous system

NervesNerves

**Cranial nerves (12)Cranial nerves (12)

**Spinal nerves (31 pairs)Spinal nerves (31 pairs)

Sensory receptorsSensory receptors

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Structures of the central nervous system:

BRAINBRAIN

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

*Cerebrum-largest *Cerebrum-largest part of the brainpart of the brain Divided into two Divided into two

hemispheres (right hemispheres (right and left)and left)

**Frontal lobeFrontal lobe *Occipital lobe*Occipital lobe **Parietal lobeParietal lobe **Temporal lobeTemporal lobe

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN DiencephalonDiencephalon

Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain

StructuresStructures ThalamusThalamus HypothalamusHypothalamus Pineal bodyPineal body Pituitary glandPituitary gland

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

DiencephalonDiencephalon ThalamusThalamus – spherical mass of – spherical mass of

gray matter; deep in the cerebral gray matter; deep in the cerebral hemisphereshemispheres

HypothalamusHypothalamus – lies below the – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic systemthalamus; part of the limbic system

Pineal body Pineal body – endocrine system – endocrine system glandgland

Pituitary gland Pituitary gland – endocrine – endocrine system glandsystem gland

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN Limbic systemLimbic system

Located in the center Located in the center of the brainof the brain

Encircles the top of Encircles the top of the brain stem.the brain stem.

Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)(Informational only for reference.)

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

**Cerebellum-Cerebellum-located below the located below the cerebrum; the 2cerebrum; the 2ndnd largest area of largest area of the brain the brain

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

BrainBrain stemstem MidbrainMidbrain Pons Pons Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

**Meninges-Meninges-membrane covering membrane covering of the brain and of the brain and spinal cordspinal cord **Dura materDura mater

Outermost layerOutermost layer **ArachnoidArachnoid

Middle layer Middle layer **Pia materPia mater

Innermost layerInnermost layer

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Structures of the central nervous system: BRAINBRAIN

Ventricles Ventricles – – 4 fluid filled4 fluid filled cavities deep within the brain filled with cerebrospinal

fluid Choroid plexus – rich

network of blood vessels that assist with the formation of cerebrospinal fluid

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Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal CordSpinal Cord

Surrounded by the Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid, the cerebrospinal fluid, the spinal cord extends to spinal cord extends to the 2the 2ndnd lumbar vertebrae lumbar vertebrae

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Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal CordSpinal Cord

Peripheral Peripheral nervous systemnervous system 12 cranial nerves12 cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal 31 pairs of spinal

nervesnerves

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Structures of the central nervous system

I. I. Olfactory-smellOlfactory-smell II. II. Optic-visionOptic-vision III. Oculomotor-eyelid and eyeball movementIII. Oculomotor-eyelid and eyeball movement IV. Trochlear-turns eye downward and laterallyIV. Trochlear-turns eye downward and laterally V. Trigeminal-face and mouth touch, chewingV. Trigeminal-face and mouth touch, chewing VI. Abducens-turns eye laterallyVI. Abducens-turns eye laterally VII. VII. Facial-facial expressionsFacial-facial expressions, taste, secretion of tears and saliva, taste, secretion of tears and saliva VIII. VIII. Vestibulocochlear-hearing, equilibrium, sensationVestibulocochlear-hearing, equilibrium, sensation IX. Glossopharyngeal-taste, senses carotid blood pressureIX. Glossopharyngeal-taste, senses carotid blood pressure X. X. VagusVagus-senses aortic blood pressure, -senses aortic blood pressure, slows heart rate, stimulates slows heart rate, stimulates

digestive organsdigestive organs, taste, taste XI. Spinal accessory-controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, XI. Spinal accessory-controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles,

controls swallowingcontrols swallowing XII. XII. Hypoglossal-movement of tongueHypoglossal-movement of tongue

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Structures of the central nervous system

Peripheral Peripheral nervous systemnervous system 31 pairs of spinal 31 pairs of spinal

nervesnerves

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Structures of the central nervous system Peripheral Peripheral

nervous systemnervous system 12 cranial nerves12 cranial nerves 31 pairs of nervous31 pairs of nervous

Anterior

View

Posteriorview

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Structures of the central nervous system

Motor systemMotor system Autonomic Autonomic

nervous systemnervous systemSympathetic Sympathetic

nervous systemnervous systemParasympathetic Parasympathetic

nervous systemnervous system Somatic nervous Somatic nervous

systemsystem

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Structures of the central nervous system Autonomic nervous systemAutonomic nervous system

Sympathetic Sympathetic nervous systemnervous system Extends from the base Extends from the base

of the brain, along both of the brain, along both sides of the spinal sides of the spinal columncolumn

These nerves connect These nerves connect to all internal organsto all internal organs

Parasympathetic Parasympathetic nervous systemnervous system The vagus nerve The vagus nerve

connects the medulla connects the medulla with organs of the with organs of the upper bodyupper body

The pelvic nerve The pelvic nerve emerges from the emerges from the spinal cord and spinal cord and connects with the connects with the organs of the lower organs of the lower bodybody

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Structures of the central nervous system Somatic nervous systemSomatic nervous system

These nerves are These nerves are located along the located along the spinal cord.spinal cord.

Connect skeleton, Connect skeleton, muscles and joints muscles and joints to the brain.to the brain.

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Structures of the central nervous system

Check your

knowledge…

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Structures of the nervous system

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Essential question

What are the structures of the nervous system?What are the structures of the nervous system?