1. 3D LAND USE AND DOWNTOWN PARKING: CREATING A DEMAND INDEX
William J. Gribb Department of Geography University of Wyoming
2. DOWNTOWN REVITALIZATION Downtowns have the highest
employment density Downtowns create the highest sales tax per acre
Downtowns are the sense of place for a community
3. DOWNTOWN DEVELOPMENT The Laramie Downtown is composed of: 40
blocks, approximately 71 acres 616 parcels 383 businesses and
residential units 1,767 On-Street Parking Spaces 1,945 Off-Street
Parking Spaces Average Parking Time-1.1 hrs Average Walking
Distance to 1st Destination-34m
4. PROJECT OBJECTIVES Inventory and Create On-Street Database
Inventory and Create Off-Street Database Inventory and Create 3D
Land Use Database Create Spatial Model to Determine Parking Demand
by Parking Space Establish Parking Policy for Downtown Laramie to
Maximize Parking Efficiency
5. ON-STREET DATABASE Geo-reference each on-street parking
space List: Parking Dimension: 20 x 9 Location, Block, Block-Face,
Address Orientation: Parallel, Diagonal Parking Restriction: No
Parking, Handicapped, Loading Zone, 15 min., 1hr, 2hr, All Day
7. OFF-STREET DATABASE Geo-referenced each off-street parking
space Variables: Parking Dimension: 20 x 9 Location, Block, Block
Face, Street Address Type: Private, Public Parking Restrictions:
Permit, Customer, 1hr, 2hr, All Day
8. LAND USE DATABASE Parcel ID Parcel Ownership Address
Business Name Modified NAICS Code, included residential, parks,
parking lot, churches, vacant Stories Geo-referenced land use
activity center
9. PARKING INVENTORY Geo-referenced all parking spaces, on- and
offstreet Data collection for databases Conducted vacancy rate
inventory Survey Questionnaire Random Days and Times 279
responses
10. TRADITIONAL PARKING DEMAND Based on Zoning Parking Assigned
to Each Land Use Residential by Dwelling Units or Bedrooms
Commercial Based on Square Footage or Number of Employees
Restaurants Based on Number of Tables, etc. Parking Generator, ITE,
Standard Retail, 1 per 200 sq.ft GFA
11. TABLE 15.14.040-3: OFF STREET PARKING STANDARDS DU Dwelling
Unit Sq. Ft. Square Feet GFA Gross Floor Area Use Category Use Type
Required Spaces RESIDENTIAL USES Household Living Dwelling,
Single-Family Detached 1 per DU Dwelling, Single-Family Attached 1
per DU Dwelling, IBC/IRC Modular Home 1 per DU Dwelling, HUD
Modular Home 1 per DU Dwelling, Mobile Home 1 per DU Dwelling,
Two-Family 1 for each efficiency or 1 bedroom unit, 1.5 for each
two bedroom unit, and 2 for each unit in excess of 2 bedrooms. In
addition, 1 visitor parking space per structure. Dwelling,
Multi-Family 1 for each efficiency or 1 bedroom unit, 1.5 for each
two bedroom unit, and 2 for each unit in excess of 2 bedrooms. In
addition, 1 space for every 5 units for visitor parking. Dwelling,
Townhouse 1 per DU Dwelling, Live/Work 1 per DU Dwelling,
Commercial 1 per DU HUD Modular Home 1 per DU
12. Retail 12.4/1000s.f.
13. 12.4 3.5 5.5 1.2 12.4 35.0
14. PARKING DEMAND MODEL Parking Space Location 3D Land Use
Parking Demand Parking Characteristics Parking Time Walking
Distance-34m 68m 1st Destination, 2nd Destination Probability of
Parking Space Occupation Time of Day
15. PARKING DEMAND MODEL On Street Database Off Street Database
Land Use Inventory Parking Survey Parking Demand Model Parking
Demand
16. 30 25 20 15 10 5 -5 0 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
17. CONCLUSION Mixed Land Use Influences Parking Demand
Residential Creates Problems for Off-Street Parking Time Limits Can
Control High Demand Parking Spaces Parking Meters Can Be Adjusted
for Demand, Either Time or Cost
