Implanting Alkali Metal Atoms in Nanosized Cavities of Metal Oxide Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrids
Islah-u-din SupervisorsDr Jeff L. Tallon (IRL)Dr Mark R. Waterland(Massey)Dr Shane G. Telfer(Massey)
Contents
• Introduction and applications of hybrid materials
• Research outline
• Experimental work
• Results
• Future Directions
Organic-Inorganic Materials
A hybrid material is biphasic in nature with organic and inorganic components mixed together at very small scale.
Macroscopic Phase
Micro or nanoscale building blocks
Types of Hybrid Materials
[CH3(CH2)11NH3]SnI3 (Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4(H2O)
Class-I Hybrid Materials Class-II Hybrid Materials
Applications
Nanohybrid solar cell Protective coatings
C. Sanchez, B. Julián, P. Belleville and M. Popall, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2005, 15, 3559-3592.
Superconductivity
Tc = 78 K before intercalation
Tc = 82 K after intercalation
S.-J. Kwon and J.-H. Choy, Inorg. Chem, 2003, 42, 8134-8136
Superconductivity
WO3 ( Na+)
Tc = 125 K for Na+
A. E. Aliev, Superconductor Science and Technology, 2008, 21, 115022
Research Outline
• Synthesize Crystalline W (or Mo)O3 Hybrids
• Intercalation of metal species by Ion-Implantation
• Structural Characterization Before and After Implantation
• Fabrication of Films
• Intercalation of metal species by Ion-Implantation
• Physical Property Measurement
Hydrothermal Synthesis
• Self-assembly
• Autogenous Pressure
• 120-260 oC
• Slow Cooling
Single-Crystal XRD•Rigaku-Spider X-ray diffractometer, Massey University
•Cu Kα (λ = 1.5428 Å)
•Measurements on same crystal before and after implantation
Ion-Implantation•Low energy lab-built ion-implanter, GNS Sciences•Na+, Ca2+ and K+
•25 Kev•2% and 4% of atomic sites
WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5
W
O
N
C
Na+-WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5 Ca2+-WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5 K+-WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5
Islah-u-din, M. R. Fox, H. n. Martin, G. J. Gainsford, J. Kennedy, A. Markwitz, S. G. Telfer, G. B. Jameson and J. L. Tallon, Chemical Communications, 46, 4261-4263.
WO3(4,4-bipyridyl)0.5 Thick Films•Physical Property Measurements
•Modified layer-by-layer deposition
•Characterization before and after implantation
Structure of thick films
Raman Measurements
O – W – O W =O
4,4-bipyridyl
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Raman Measurements
Resistivity Measurements
Conclusions
• Incorporation of metal ions within small cavities of host materials
• Structural agreement between bulk and thick films
• Reduced tungsten species• Injection of charge carriers to conduction band
upon implantation
Future Directions
• Synthezie new layered hybrids with different ligands
• Seek Ion-Implantion
• Fabricate thin films
• Confirm insulator-to-metal transition
Acknowledgement Funding
The Higher Education Commission, Pakistan The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology
Collaborators Dr Shen V. Chong, Industrial Research Limited Ms Vivian Fang, GNS Sciences Prof. Geoffery B. Jamseson, Massey University
Supervisors Dr Jeff L. Tallon, Dr Mark R. Waterland, Dr Shane G. Telfer
Thanks