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Module Contents
• Overview• Summary of aspects and benefits of LTE/EPC• LTE FDD & TDD Modes • TDD LTE Advantages & challenges• TDD LTE beamforming• Requirement input for LTE/EPC• LTE UE Categories• Spectrum• LTE/EPC key features• Network Architecture Evolution – User plane• Overview of LTE air interface• Recommendation series overview
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year
UMTS Rel 99/4UMTS Rel 99/4 UMTS Rel 5UMTS Rel 5 UMTS Rel 6UMTS Rel 6 UMTS Rel 7UMTS Rel 7 UMTS Rel 8UMTS Rel 8
2007200520032000 2008
IMSHSDPA
MBMSWLAN IWHSUPA
IMS EvolutionLTE StudiesiHSPA
LTE
UMTS WCDMA
HSDPA
IMS
HSUPA
LTE
Commercial
Specification
2009
Overview
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Fully packet-oriented mobile broadband network providing: Peak data rates of 100 Mbps (DL)
Peak data rates of 50 Mbps (UL)
Very low latency
Seamless and lossless handover
Sophisticated QoS to support
important real time applications
such as voice, video and
interactive gaming
Support for terminal speeds of
150-500 Km/h
Cell ranges of up to 100 Km.
Reduced cost per bit Simplified Architecture All IP
Maximised exploitation of frequency Resources Supports flexible frequency bandwidths by means of OFDM, MIMO, HARQ etc. an outstanding spectrum efficiency can be achieved
Extended Interworking Functionality seamless mobility with other 3GPP access systems (UMTS, GPRS), with 3GPP2/cdma2000
Reduced Terminal Complexity Specific transmission schemes Minimize power consumption
Summary of aspects and benefits of LTE/EPC
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Uplink Downlink
Bandwidth
up to 20MHz
Duplex Frequency
f
t Bandwidth
up to 20MHz
GuardPeriod
f
t
Uplink
Downlink
Bandwidth
up to 20MHz
LTE FDD & TDD Modes (1)
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FDD and TDD modes Harmonisation(commonalities)
FDD and TDD modesdifferences
FDD and TDD mode included together in the same specification
Same radio interface schemes for both uplink and downlink
Same subframe formats
Same network architecture
Same air interface protocols
Same physical channels procedures
FDD developed in the paired 3GPP spectrum
TDD developed in the unpaired 3GPP spectrum
Small differences in the physical channels design
Different frame formats
FDD mode has commonalities with 3G UMTS
TDD mode has commonalities with TD-SCDMA (developed in China)
LTE FDD & TDD Modes (2)
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DLDLDLDL ULULULUL
DLDLDLDL
ULULULUL
TDD LTE Advantages & challenges
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eNodeB
Laptop with one antenna8-Path Beamforming
TDD: Same radio channel in downlink and in uplink
TDD: Same radio channel in downlink and in uplink
TDD LTE beamforming
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Demand for higherdata rates
Demand for higherdata rates
Demand for quality ofservice, lower delay
Demand for quality ofservice, lower delay
Expected new spectrumallocations
Expected new spectrumallocations
Request for flexible bandwidth usage
Request for flexible bandwidth usage
Demand for reducedterminal complexity
Demand for reducedterminal complexity
Requirements Input
• significantly increased downlink bit rates (>100 Mbps);
• significantly increased uplink bit rates (>50 Mbps);
• increased cell edge bit rates;
• low delay;
• higher spectrum efficiency;
• scalable bandwidth per cell (operator choice);
• acceptable terminal complexity and costs (lower than WCDMA);
• optimization for low speed (0-15 km/h) but support for high and highest speed (up to 500 km/h);
• compatibility with WCDMA;
•….
Requirements Excerpt
Requirement input for LTE/EPC
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User Plane Latency
cell
GatewayIP NetworkIP Network
< 5 ms (unloaded condition)
Control Plane Latency
IDLE(no resources)
ACTIVE
< 100 ms
No resourceResourceAllocated
< 50 ms
Basic performance requirements: latency and signaling performance
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DOWNLINK
UPLINKUPLINK
LTE/SAE Targets
UL DL
Peak Bit Rate (Mbps)
> 50 > 100
Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz/s)
2..3 times HSUPA
3..4 times HSDPA
Cell Edge Throughput (bps/Hz/s)
2..3 times HSUPA
2..3 times HSDPA
Basic performance requirements: spectrum usage
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Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 MbpsPeak rate DL/UL
20 MHzRF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
64QAMModulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
16QAMModulation UL 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM
YesRx diversity Yes YesYes Yes
1-4 TxBTS Tx diversity
OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2
1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx
LTE UE Categories
• All categories support 20 MHz• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)• 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1
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Urban
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Rural
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
or
2.6 GHz
2.1 GHz
2.6 GHz
2.1 GHz
LTE
UMTS
UMTS
LTE
900 MHz
900 MHz GSM
or
GSM UMTS
LTE
LTE
Spectrum
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EPS ( Evolved Packet System ) /SAE ( System Architecture Evolution ) /
LTE ( Long Term Evolution )
EPC ( Evolved Packet Core )EPC ( Evolved Packet Core )EUTRAN( Evolved UTRAN )
EUTRAN( Evolved UTRAN )
IP NetworkIP Network
IP NetworkIP Network
IP NetworkIP Network
OFDMA/SC-FDMA
MIMO ( Transmit Diver-sity/spatial multiplexing)
HARQ
Scalable bandwidth(1.4, 2.5, 5, 10, .. 20 MHz)
Evolved Node B / No RNC
UL/DL resourcescheduling
IP Transport Layer
QoS Aware
SON
PS Domain only, No CS Domain
IP Transport Layer
QoS Aware
3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6)
Prepared for Non-3GPP AccessFrequency reuse 1﹥
Beam-forming
LTE/EPC key features
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HSPA (3GPP
R6)
I-HSPA (3GPP
R7)
LTE (3GPP
R8)
Node-B
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
Node-B with RNC functions
GGSN
eNode-B
SAE GW
Flat architecture = 2 Nodes Architecture – Single network element in radio network– Single network element in core network
HSPA direct tunnel (3GPP
R7)
Node-B
RNC
GGSN
Network Architecture Evolution – User plane
Internet-HSPA and LTE– Same Architecture– Different Transport and Air
Interface technologies
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OFDM is the state-of-the-art and most efficient and robust air interface
Fast Link Adaptationdue to channel behaviour
Short TTI = 1 msTransmission time interval
Advanced SchedulingTime & Freq.
TX RX
Tx RxMIMO
Channel
DL: OFDMA
UL: SC-FDMA
scalable
ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
64QAMModulation
Overview of LTE air interface
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TS 36.101 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and receptionTS 36.104 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and receptionTS 36.141 Base Station (BS) conformance testingTS 36.201 Physical layer; General descriptionTS 36.211 Physical channels and modulationTS 36.212 Multiplexing and channel codingTS 36.213 Physical layer proceduresTS 36.214 Physical layer; MeasurementsTS 36.300 EUTRAN Overall description; Stage 2TS 36.302 Services provided by the physical layerTS 36.304 User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle modeTS 36.306 User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilitiesTS 36.321 Medium Acces Control (MAC) protocol specificationTS 36.322 Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specificationTS 36.323 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specificationTS 36.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specificationTS 36.401 Architecture descriptionTS 36.410 S1 general aspects and principlesTS 36.411 S1 layer 1TS 36.412 S1 signalling transportTS 36.413 S1 Application Protocol (S1 AP)TS 36.414 S1 data transportTS 36.420 X2 general aspects and principlesTS 36.421 X2 layer 1TS 36.422 X2 signalling transportTS 36.423 X2 Application Protocol (X2AP)TS 36.424 X2 data transportTS 36.508 Common test environments for User Equipment (UE) conformance testingTS 36.521-1 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception Part 1: conformance testingTS 36.521-2 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception Part 2: ICSTS 36.523-1 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 1: Protocol conformance specificationTS 36.523-2 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 2: ICSTS 36.523-3 User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 3: ATSTR 36.801 Measurement RequirementsTR 36.803 User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and receptionTR 36.804 Base Station (BS) radio transmission and receptionTR 36.938 Improved network controlled mobility between LTE and 3GPP2/mobile WiMAX radio technologiesTR 36.942 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Frequency (RF) system scenarios
TR 29.803 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG4 aspects .TR 29.804 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG3 aspects
TS 23.401 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Long Term Evolution (LTE) access .TS 23.402 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accessesTR 23.882 3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE): Report on technical options and conclusions
Network Architecture
Evolved Packet Core
Evolved UTRAN
Recommendation series overview