WARM-UP: THURSDAY Draw Italian Peninsula (Italy) and label
Rome (on your warm-up sheet!)
(turn to page 175)
INSTRUCTIONS You will need to share your slice of pizza with
your classmates. (I will group you …) Get out a sheet of notebook paper and set it
up like this:
Roman Culture
Entertainment
Society
Art
Architecture
Science and Engineering
New ideas in Science
You will share information and take notes!
3
CULTURE AND SOCIETY PIZZA
ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
Columns and arches Aqueducts =transport
water!! Long stone channels to carry
clean water from nearby hills to the city
Each time a new city was conquered, a road was built from that city back to Rome.
The Romans built road signs called milestones, which told how far it was back to Rome.
HTTP://APP.DISCOVERYEDUCATION.COM/PLAYER/VIEW/ASSETGUID/8CA4BE43-DC46-4231-9BC4-97D4C526308B
FAMILY LIFE Paterfamilias = the dominant male in
the family (think patriarchal)
Early on in Rome, husbands had absolute authority over their wife
By the 2nd century A.D., Roman women had more freedoms (but they still couldn’t be in politics)
ENTERTAINMENT
http://www.history.com/topics/colosseum/videos#deconstructing-history-colosseum
RELIGION
RELIGION OF ROME Gods and Goddesses
polytheistic
LANGUAGE Main language = Latin Lingua franca = Greek
How has Latin influenced languages of the world today?
LANGUAGE These are called the
“Romance languages”
ECONOMY
Silk road – route between Roman Empire and China so-called because silk was China’s most valuable product
THE RISE OF ROME
Essential Question:
What led to the rise of Rome?
IN THE BEGINNING… Ancient Rome began as a
group of villages along the Tiber River in what is now Italy.
Around 750 B.C. these villages united to form the city of Rome.
The early Romans were ruled by kings
Rome grew quickly as a cultural and trade center on the Italian peninsula.
ROME: A REPUBLIC In 509 B.C., the
Romans established a republic
Republic – a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader (such as a president) rather than by a king or queen
ROMAN REPUBLICPATRICIANS PLEBEIANS
Ruling class Great landowners Only patricians
served in Senate (lawmakers) and held public office
Majority of the people
Small landowners, craftspeople, merchants, farmers
Eventually gained more say-so
ROME BECOMES AN EMPIRE
264-129 B.C. Rome gained territory through conquests =
empire – a large political unit, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples or territories
ROMAN EXPANSION Under the leadership of ambitious generals,
Rome’s highly trained soldiers took over most of the land surrounding the Mediterranean.
THE END OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
A successful Roman general and famous speaker, Julius Caesar, was a governor of the territory of Gaul and managed to take control of many nearby territories.
Fearing him the Roman Senate ordered him to resign…but he had other ideas.
45 BC - Julius Caesar became dictator, ending the Roman Republic
THE ROMAN EMPIRE Less than a year after gaining power a
group of angered Senators stabbed Caesar to death on the floor of the Roman Senate. (March 15, 44 B.C.)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ieOLO33KFA
This caused a civil war that lasted several years.
CRASH COURSE: CAESAR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPf27
gAup9U
OCTAVIAN (AUGUSTUS) After Caesar’s assassination, fights for
power took place… His nephew Octavian eventually gained
powergiven the title Augustus by the Senatealso given the title “imperator” – What modern
English word comes from this?Emperor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry3yTPWH9qE--
PAX ROMANA AD 96 – AD 180 Rome reached a
period of peace and prosperity
The empire reached its height in 200 A.D.
WARM-UP: WEDNESDAY How do you think you did on the PSAT?
WARM-UP: THURSDAY Read the section at the top of your
handout to answer the following questions:
1. True or False: There is one theory that explains why Rome fell.
2. How do most present-day historians look at the end of Rome?
3. List one of the three heirs to Rome.
DBQ Complete the following after your
thesis has been checked:
Write a paragraph (minimum 5 sentences) that answers the question “What caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire?”
Example:Line 1 – thesisLine 2 – supporting factLine 3 – supporting factLine 4 – supporting factLine 5 - conclusion
FALL OF ROMEEssential Question:
What led to the decline and fall of Rome?
THE DECLINE… Marcus Aurelius, the last of the five
good emperors of the pax romana, died in A.D. 180Civil wars, military government, and
anarchy followFrom 235-284, there were 22 emperors.
Many of them met a violent death. Invasions Plague (an epidemic disease)
THE DECLINE… The empire was
split:Western Roman
EmpireCapital = Rome
Eastern Roman Empire
Capital = Constantinople
THE FALL…
Western Roman Empire came under pressure from the invading Germanic tribes Visigoths Vandals
In 476, the western emperor Romulus Augustus was removed from power = date of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
WARM-UP: MONDAY Copy the following questions.
In which continent:1. Did Christianity begin?2. Is Christianity spread throughout by
1000 AD?3. Did Christianity spread to after European
exploration?
Answer them as you watch the video clip. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jwp7oD
LEFf8
YOUR TASK Read the class set of information to
answer the questions. Due by the end of class!
ROME AND THE RISE OF
CHRISTIANITYEssential Questions:
How did Christianity spread as a major world religion?
How has ancient Rome impacted the modern world?
JUDAEA UNDER ROMAN CONTROL
By A.D. 6, Judaea (lands of the old Jewish kingdom) had been made a Roman province and placed under the control of a Roman official
- different Jewish groups had different views about Roman rule
JESUS A Jewish prophet named Jesus traveled
and preached throughout Judaea and neighboring areas
His preaching stirred controversy, and some people saw him as a potential revolutionary who might lead a revolt against Rome
He was turned over to the Roman authorities and the Roman official in charge of Judaea had him crucified
JESUS What do his followers believe happened
to Jesus?
After the reports that Jesus had overcome death, the Christian movement won followers in Jerusalem and throughout Judaea
Apostles began to spread the message that Jesus was the Son of God who had come to Earth to save humanity
CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Christianity grew in popularity. Why?
Life After Death: Christianity promised life after death in heaven. In the Roman religion, only gods went to
heaven. Emperors were considered gods. Everyone else
went to the underworld.
Equality: Christianity promised equal opportunity. You had to be born into the nobility. You could join Christianity and be equally a
Christian.
CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE Many Romans came to view
Christians as harmful to the Roman state Why? Christians refused to
worship the state gods and emperors.
Christians were persecuted (harassed to cause suffering) for 300 years.
CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
In the fourth century (A.D. 300s) the Roman emperor Constantine became the first Christian emperor.
He issued the Edict of Milan, which proclaimed official tolerance of Christianity
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=91C0A8BC-EF76-43D1-9862-666D0E0895F0&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
CHRISTIANITY IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Under Theodosius the Great (A.D. 378-395), the Romans adopted Christianity as their official religion