ROME
Jan 18, 2016
ROME
ROME BACKGROUND
-Italian Peninsula-753 BC Romulus built city of Rome -Between 800-700 BC seven villages on hills united to form Rome-620 BC Etruscan family gained control of Rome and built roads and a town square called a forum.-534 BC Tarquin the Proud was overthrown
ROME
- What is a Patrician?
- What is a Plebian?
ROME
- 494 Plebeians go on strike Demanding:- Tribunes- Assembly of Tribes- Written Law code
- 451 BC 12 Bronze Tablets
- 287 BC Assembly of Tribes could make laws
ROMAN REPUBLIC: USE YOUR BOOK TO COMPARE THE TWO…..
ROME UNITED STATES
- Executive
- Legislative
- Judicial
- Legal Code
- Citizenship
- Executive
- Legislative
- Judicial
- Legal Code
- Citizenship
ROMAN LEGIONS
- Originally all men had to serve
- Adopted Greek phalanx system- 6,000 men per
division- 60 to 120 per
phalanx- Soldiers were well
trained- Deserters were put
to death
ROMAN LEGIONS
- Conquered Peoples- Kept some
government- Partial rights- Some became
citizens- Military colonies
- Used to defend high ground/ river crossings
ROME AND CARTHAGE 264 BC
PUNIC WARS
- 1st Punic War 264 BC- Carthage threatened to
seize the Strait of Messina
- Romans sent force to stop it
- Rome had stronger army/ Carthage had stronger Navy
- Rome snares Carthage ships and pulls them in to gain tactical advantage
- 241BC Rome wins
PUNIC WARS
- 2nd Punic War 221 BC- Hannibal (Carthage)
grabs Spanish city (Rome’s Ally)
- Hannibal brings 40,000 troops and 40 elephants through Swiss Alps
- 216 BC Hannibal has defeated most of the Roman Army
- 202 BC Scipio rallies Romans and defeats Carthage gaining Spain
PUNIC WARS
- 3rd Punic War 166 BC- Carthage begins to
rebuild- Rome burnt
Carthage to the ground enslaving their population and salting their fields
- 130BC Rome has conquered the entire Mediterranean
ROME
- Newly acquired land was divided into provinces
- Define the following terms- Proconsuls:- Latifundia:
- Each Province had a tax collector as well
- Landless farmers filtered into Rome
FALL OF ROMAN REPUBLIC
- 133 BC Tiberius Gracchus gets elected as a Tribune- Proposes law to limit
size of latifundias- Law passes through
Assembly of Tribes- Killed By Opponents
- 123 BC Gaius Gracchus- Pushes for more land
reforms and new court- 121BC was killed
- 111BC Senate ends land reforms
- 70 BC Pompey and Licinius get elected as consuls
- 60 BC Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus form triumvirate
ROME- JULIUS CAESAR
- Caesar conquers Celts and Gaul extending Roman Empire
- Pompey grows jealous of Caesar ordering him to leave his troops North of the Rubicon River
- How did Caesar respond to Pompey’s order?
- What did Caesar's response result in?
ROME- JULIUS CAESAR
- 45 BC Caesar was named Dictator for Life
- Caesar reforms- Gave jobs to poor- Granted citizenship- Added reps from
provinces to Senate- Adopted new
calendar- 3/15/44 BC “Ides of
March”
ROME- 2ND TRIUMVIRATE
- Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian create 2nd Triumvirate.
- Octavian forces Lepidus into retirement
- Mark Antony falls in love with Cleopatra and is accused of treason
- Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium 31BC.
ROME- AUGUSTUS CAESAR
- 27 BC named Rome’s first Emperor (Senate to advise)
- August (anointed) Caesar- Grand Nephew of Julius real name Octavian
- 31 BC Pax Romana- Reforms
- Rebuilt roads- Improved grains- Tackled gov. corruption- Constructed public
buildings
JULIAN EMPERORS 14 BC 68 AD
- 14 AD Tiberius- Accused many innocent people of treason
- 37 AD Caligula- Mentally ill, killed by a palace guard
- 41 AD Claudius- Scholar, but struggled with state affairs
- 54 AD Nero- Cruel and insane, willing to bankrupt Rome for horse racing and music. Killed his wife, mother, and several others.
- 68 AD Nero was killed. “What a loss I shall be to the Arts”
- Next 28 years emperors were puppets controlled by the army
GOOD EMPERORS
- 96 AD Nerva- began custom of an heir
- 98 AD Trajan- Empire reached it’s greatest extent
- 117 AD- Hadrian- Consolidated conquests, Reorganized Bureaucracy
- 138 AD Antonius Pius- Mostly peace and prosperous
- 161 AD Marcus Aurelius- Most prosperous period for Rome
CHRISTIANITY
- Originally a Sect within Judaism
- Early Christians were Jews waiting for the messiah
- 30-33 AD, Jesus of Nazareth
- Pontius Pilate crucified Jesus Christ
CHRISTIANITY
- Those who believe Christ was the messiah became Christians
- Paul spread the word of Christ
- Peter established the first church in Rome (first pope)
- Christianity was still illegal
CHRISTIANITY
- Bible: Old Testament (Jewish Torah), and New Testament (written after Christ)
- Gospels: First four books of New Testament, describe Life of Christ
CHRISTIANITY
- 313 Edict of Milan legalizes Christianity in Rome
- 325 Council of Nicaea organizes Christianity
- 391 Christianity becomes official religion of Rome
- 476 Rome fell, but Christianity remains intact and dominant
CHRISTIANITY
- St. Augustine of Hippo- Confessions-
confesses is love and devotion to God
- City God- Says to Love God First
- Church Hierarchy- Pope- Archbishop/ Cardinal
(later)- Bishop/ Prior(later)- Priest/ Monks (later)- Friar (later)
ROMAN DECLINE
- Commodus is very Nero like
- 192- 284, 28 emperors are killed
- Constantly fighting Germanic Tribes such as the Goths, Visigoths, Huns, Franks, and Saxons
- Economy declined, inflation set in
- Diocletian - Split empire into east/west- Edict of Prices
- Froze Wages- Set Economic Prices
- Prevented farmers from leaving- Constantine
- Chained workers to farms- Made jobs hereditary- Founded Constantinople in East
- Theodosius- Officially split Rome into two- East becomes Byzantium
Empire
ROMAN DECLINE
- Visigoths- 300’s – 400’s- Killed Eastern Emperor- Actually sacked Rome
- Huns- Attila the Hun- Visigoths
- 476 AD 14 year old Romulus Augustulus was killed by a German General, he died without an heir and was never replaced
- The Byzantium Empire remained in power until 1453AD