Early Aegean Civilization
Greece is surrounded by: Ionian Sea; __________________; Mediterranean Sea
Mountains cover ________ of Greece; Divided land into many regions
Influence of Geography
Mycenaean Civilization
Mycenae was settled in _______________________
A warrior-king ruled Mycenae, as well as the surrounding villages
___________________________________________
Dominated from 1600 to 1100 BC
In 1500 BC the Mycenaeans came in contact with Minoan civilization
The Minoans had a very ______________________ impact on Mycenaean civilization
From the Minoans the Mycenaeans adopted: Seaborne trade, Minoan system of ____________________________, Minoan art, etc.
THE DORIAN INVASION:
After Trojan War Mycenaean civilization collapsed
In 1200 BC the ________________________ people moved into Mycenae; The Dorians were MUCH LESS advanced than the Mycenaeans
Resulted in the temporary ____________________ of Greek culture
Minoan Civilization
__________________________ Civilization was one of the earliest examples of what has come to be called Greek civilization.
Minoans were trading at the same time as the Phoenicians, Egyptians & ______________________________
?
Why does all this matter?
The contact between the Mycenaeans & the Minoans formed the core of Greek __________________ (i.e. religious practices, art, politics, literature)
The foundation of _______________ Civilization
Rise of the City-State
Polis: Fundamental political ____________of ancient Greece
Made up of a city & its surrounding land; generally home to less than ________________________
Acropolis: A fortified hilltop where Greek citizens gathered to discuss societal & ______________________
NO _________________ political structure in ancient Greece
Individual citystates experimented with different forms of _______________________________
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Direct Democracy
- Power is in the hands of ____________________; KING
- Citizens pay ____________, obey _______________, & depend on kings for _______________________
- Kings ___________________ their power
Practiced in ______________
Power is in the hands of the__________________
Hereditary rule; based on __________ rank and wealth
Practiced in __________ prior to 594 BC
Power is in the hands of a _________________ of citizens
Rule based on wealth or ability
Controls the _________
Practiced in __________ by 500BC
Power is in the hands of the _________________________
Rule based on citizenship
______________ rule decides vote
All citizens can participate
Practiced in ___________ by 500BC
Rival city-states
SPARTA vs. ATHENS
Development
Located on the ___________________Peninsula
Descended from the _________________
3 Social Groups
Citizens: All ______________ men born in Athens (50%)
Metics: Born _____________ Athens
No land, but paid taxes
Slaves: Captured in war, considered ________________
Government
Assembly: Passed ___________ & decided public issues
__________ free men over the age of 18 could participate
It was considered their public __________
Council of 500
Drafted & ________________ laws
Oversaw meetings of the assembly
Members chosen by _______________ once a year
Ostracism: If a politicians name appeared on 6,000 ostraca they would be ________________!!!
Education/Training
Only ___________were given an education
Entered school at _______; graduated at 18
Studied arithmetic, drawing, music, gymnastics, __________________, literature (Iliad & Odyssey), etc.
At age 18 men served in the ______________ for 2 years
Ephebic Oath:
Pledge of _____________ to Athens & to good citizenship
Athenian Women
No ________________ education; learned household duties from mother
____________________between 13-15
Primary purpose was to have ____________________
Wore clothes to depict their _______________ in society
No _________________ rights
Could not participate in ____________________, or go to the market or the Olympics
Athenian Legacy
Democracy, ________________, architecture, drama, art
Development
Located on the ___________________Peninsula
Conquered neighboring region & took over land
Created ___________________ society
3 Social Groups
Citizens (Spartiates): descended from the invaders, controlled Sparta (only 5%)
Perioci: _________________, paid taxes & served in the army but had no political power
Helots: ___________, greatly outnumbered the other groups; Spartans used force to control them
Government
Founded on the principle that the life of _________________________ belonged to the state
Militaristic Oligarchy: Two _____________ led Sparta
1 king handled military;1 took care of domestic matters
Council of Elders: 28 male citizens over the age of ___
Proposed ________ & served as a criminal court
Assembly: Included all _________citizens over age of 30; ____________ on laws
Military Society
Life revolved around ____________
All men aspired to become ______________
Newborn ______________ were examined
Healthy = lived; Sickly = left to die on hillside
Education/Training
Primary purpose was to produce _____________!
Military training began at age _____ for boys
Became soldiers at age 20; Served until age ______
Trained to read, write & use ________________
Taught to ______________, but not get caught
_________ training: no shoes, sometimes no clothing
Spartan Women
Lifes ambition was to be a soldiers _____________
Women were expected to be healthy & _________ so that they could bear strong ______________
Trained in gymnastics, _________________ & boxing
Although they were respected in Spartan society, women ________________ participate in government
Impact of Military Society
Exceptional athletes, competed well in the _____________, & defended Greece against invaders
BUTdiscouraged trade & shunned philosophy, science, literature, & the ___________
No __________________ freedom; Little economic growth
The Golden Age of Athens
Setting the Stage:
After the Persian Wars, formation of Delian League:
____________________ between 140 city-states
Athens quickly emerged as Greek ______________
Defeat of Persians + Athenian leadership = Athenian ____________________
Resulted in the ___________________ of ATHENS:
477 to 431 BC: Intellectual & _______________ learning greatly increased
During the GOLDEN AGE:
Drama, sculpture, poetry, science architecture, ___________________, etc.
I dont like to brag, but were kind of a big deal! We, the Athenians of ancient Greece, are AWESOME! We led the Greeks to victory in the Persian War. Everyone knows were the best!
Element of Golden Age
Who/What
Description/Significance
GOLDEN POLITICS
Pericles
Great Athenian ______________________
Three Goals for Athens:
Strengthen democracy, strengthen the empire & glorify Athens
Democracy:
Increased the number of public officials who received ____________________
Introduced ___________________democracy; allowed for increased participation
Empire:
Pericles built strongest _________________ of its time
Greatly increased __________________
Glorifying Athens:
Pericles began the __________________________ of Athens
Paid artists, architects and other workers to manage this task
GOLDEN ARTS
Art and Sculpture:
Grace, strength, perfection
Portrayal ____________________ beauty
Focused on harmony, order, balance and _____________________________
Golden Mean/Ratio = 1.618
GOLDEN DRAMA
Tragedy:
SERIOUS _________________; love, hate, war & betrayal
The main character is generally a tragic ____________ with a fatal flaw, usually excessive pride
Comedy:
Slapstick comedy & crude humor
Poked fun at ___________________, ideas and respected leaders
Darn those Athenians! Taking all of the credit! Revenge will be sweet!
Meanwhile, in SpartaRESENTMENT!!
As Athens flourished, ___________________began to develop on the Peloponnesus Peninsula.
Sparta resisted Athens formed their own ____________: The PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE
As Athenian wealth & power ____________, so did hostility among other city-states
LEADS TO THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
The Peloponnesian War
Dates: 431 404 BC
Opponents: _________________ v. ___________________
Civil war
Different strengths; evenly _________________ - WHY?
Athens _____________ POWER
Sparta _____________ POWER
Eventually the Spartans were able to ____________the Athenians against the sea
404 BC: S