What is Robotics CY Robotics is the science that studies robots and the 02CFIC technology that builds them CFIDV Robotics started its development during WWII (Manhattan project) CA – 01C Robots (seen as an artificial beings) appeared in b k d i l bf l li ti OBOTIC books and movies long before real applications RO Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/1
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Y Robotics is the science that studies robots and the C technology · 2009. 2. 24. · FIDV Traditional manufacturing sectors: handling, assembling, welding, packaging, painting,
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What is RoboticsC
Y Robotics is the science that studies robots and the
02C
FIC technology that builds them
CFI
DV
Robotics started its development during WWII (Manhattan project)
CA
–01
C
Robots (seen as an artificial beings) appeared in b k d i l b f l li ti
OB
OTI
C books and movies long before real applications
RO
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/1
Robotics
R b ti i ltidi i li fi ld
CY
Robotics is a multidisciplinary field– mechanics (structures, …)
l t i ( t t t l b d )
02C
FIC – electronics (sensors, actuators, control boards, …)
– electrical engineering (motors, drives, power sources, …)– information technologies (algorithms OS AI )
CFI
DV
– information technologies (algorithms, OS, AI, …)– advanced control– communications
CA
–01
C communications
but also– material sciences and nanotechnology
OB
OTI
C material sciences and nanotechnology– cognitive sciences, neurosciences– human-machine interfaces
RO
– ergonomy, safety– biomimesis, ethology
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/2
RobotsC
Y
Robots are artificial beings. Two types of artificial beings exist:
02C
FIC beings exist:
– Those that include biological material or parts capable of auto-organization
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DV
– Those that do not contain any biological parts
Robots discussed here belong to the second type; they
CA
–01
C Robots discussed here belong to the second type; they do not contain biological parts, but they may be able to– move autonomously in a partially known environment
OB
OTI
C y p y– interact with humans (supplying collaborative behavior)– cooperate with other robots to execute specific tasks
RO – learn from a teacher or from their experience
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/3
Robotics: a timeline
1) 1818 1942 b t d ib d ith i l d l i
CY
1) 1818-1942: robots are described either in novels and plays or in science fiction stories (Frankenstein, RUR, Asimov, …)
2) 1945: tele manipulators used for nuclear products processing
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FIC 2) 1945: tele-manipulators used for nuclear products processing
3) 1948: Grey Walter (UK) builds “turtle robots” Elmer and Elsie4) 1956: Unimation is the first industrial robot firm
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DV
4) 1956: Unimation is the first industrial robot firm5) 1961: first robot on GM car lines
CA
–01
CO
BO
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1
RO 3
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/4
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/5
Robots in the movies
Forbidden Planet (1956)
CY
Metropolis (1927) Forbidden Planet (1956)
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FIC
CFI
DV
Star Wars (1977)
Robocop (1987) Terminator (1984)
CA
–01
C Terminator (1984)
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OTI
CR
O
Robots are either “good” or “bad”
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/6
A possible future scenarioC
Y02
CFI
C
Object
Interaction withenvironment
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Object manipulation
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–01
CO
BO
TIC
RO
Autonomous motion
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/7
What we can expect in the near future C
Y
Better to be prudent, considering some forecasting …
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FIC
Heavier‐than‐air flying machines are impossibleWilliam Thomson, Lord Kelvin, 1895
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Nuclear powered vacuum cleaners will probably be a reality within 10 years
Al L t P id t f th L t C ti 1955
CA
–01
C Alex Lewyt, President of the Lewyt Corporation , 1955
There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home
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C homeKen Olson, President and fouder, Digital Equipment Corp., 1977
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Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/8
Europe and RoboticsC
Y02
CFI
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The European Robotics Platform EUROP anticipates three key sectors for research efforts
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DV
C
A –
01C
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C
Industrial Robotics Service Robotics Safety and Space
RO Industrial Robotics Service Robotics Safety and Space
Robotics
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/9
I d t i l R b t
Europe and RoboticsC
Y
Industrial Robotsto achieve high-quality and cost-effective flexible manufacturing and logistics in all
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FIC flexible manufacturing and logistics in all
major industrial branches
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Gradually, these future robots will become the workers’ assistants serving them at the workplace.
Th ill t th titi d t t
CA
–01
C They will carry out the repetitive and strenuous parts of a worker’s task and will increasingly safeguard workers from accidents and other relevant health care
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C problems, thus alleviating the concerns of rising health care costs, particularly for small manufacturers.
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Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/10
Service Robots
Europe and RoboticsC
Y
Service RobotsService robots will be found in all domains of our future life. They represent not only a hope for a more convenient world but also a massive new market for high technology industries
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FIC industries.
This sector offers significant opportunities for European industry. Service robotics can be conveniently divided into in three market segments, that handle very different
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DV
situations.
Professional ApplicationsEntertainmentD ti U
CA
–01
C Domestic Use
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OTI
CR
O
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/11
Security and Space Robots
Europe and RoboticsC
Y In the coming years, security enforcement In the longer term, other major application
Security and Space Robots
02C
FIC g y , y
… will rely more and more on automated systems. In the first instance, civil security missions will include surveillance of surveillance of
g , j ppdrivers will include maritime surveillancemaritime surveillance(traffic control and monitoring of ship movements, supervision of illegal fishery),
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DV
critical infrastructurecritical infrastructure(telecommunication and power lines, water, gas and oil pipelines, etc.) and extended extended
gcrime monitoring, search and rescue crime monitoring, search and rescue operations, environmental monitoringoperations, environmental monitoring(fire detection and fire fighting, oil spill
CA
–01
C
border and coastal patrolborder and coastal patrol boosted by the shift of EU borders to the East and the need toto monitor illegal immigration monitor illegal immigration flfl
discovery, etc.) and surveillance of surveillance of hazardous materialshazardous materials.
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OTI
C fluxesfluxes.
RO
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/12
SpaceEurope and Robotics
CY
The application of robotics in space is unique in that it forces the robot to operate without direct human assistance and acts as a platform for the projection of human capabilities to remote and hostile environments. Robotic applications in space fall into two
02C
FIC categories: assembly/repair in space and planetary exploration:
Assembly & Repair in Space
CFI
DV
y p pSpace-based robotic manipulators provide the basis for on-orbit servicing of satellites, through the replacement of equipment modules.
Planetary Exploration
CA
–01
C Planetary ExplorationRobots will become the personal assistants of astronauts. They will operate on distant planets, using high level directives, responding to and interacting with humans. They will be our agents of planetary surface and deep space exploration handling the repetitive
OB
OTI
C be our agents of planetary surface and deep space exploration, handling the repetitive and time-consuming tasks of data collection and data reduction. Teams of robots will survey vast regions, and will classify geological features and formations and search for evidence of life
RO evidence of life.
Basilio Bona – DAUIN – Politecnico di Torino 002/13
Possible future applications – USAC
Y
Research is mainly funded by DARPA -Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency