WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 1 Industrial Robots, Service Robots, and Personal Robots Vijay Kumar, University of Pennsylvania [presenter] George Bekey, University of Southern California Yuan Zheng, Ohio State University World Technology Evaluation Center International Study of Robotics Research WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 2 Outline • Different categories of robots – Classification – Who is working on what? • Market analysis, trends • Technical challenges • International comparisons – Industry – Basic research • Future Challenges
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WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 1
Industrial Robots, Service Robots, andPersonal Robots
Vijay Kumar, University of Pennsylvania [presenter]George Bekey, University of Southern California
Yuan Zheng, Ohio State University
World Technology Evaluation CenterInternational Study of Robotics Research
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 2
Outline
• Different categories of robots– Classification– Who is working on what?
• Market analysis, trends• Technical challenges• International comparisons
– Industry– Basic research
• Future Challenges
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 3
Industrial Robots, Service Robots andPersonal Robots
Industrial robotsAn industrial robot is an automaticallycontrolled, reprogrammable, multipurposemanipulator programmable in three or moreaxes which may be either fixed in place ormobile for use in industrial automationapplications (Robotic Industries Association)
Service robotsA robot which operates semi or fullyautonomously to perform services useful tothe well being of humans and equipment,excluding manufacturing operations(International Federation of Robotics)
Personal robotsService robots that educate, assist, orentertain at home: e.g., domestic robots,assistive robots (for people with disabilities)
Adept Flexfeeder Fanuc Palletizer
Skywash Robomow
Roomba
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 4
$52B (projected)2025
$17.1B (projected)2010
$5.4 B2005
$600M2002
Service Robots Market
U.N. Economic Commission Study
Market
Industrial robotics(manufacturing)• History
1961 GM installs first industrialrobot (Unimate)
1968 Kawasaki starts production1974 First microcomputer
controlled robot (ABB)1984 Robotics emerges as a
discipline - first researchconference
• Today– 40+ years of industrial
robotics– Growth rate around 4-5%– $4-5B worldwide
Service robotics– Robots used in industry
excluding manufacturing
Personal robotics– Service robots that are
consumer products
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 5
Industrial Robotics: Impetus forGrowth
– Prices have fallen over 40% over the last 15 years– Quality (accuracy, payload) has almost doubled in
the same period
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 6
Industrial Robotics: Applications
• Automotive industry accounts for over30% of industrial robot sales,electronics industry is around 23%
Application (% sales, 1990)
Welding
Material handling
Assembly
Painting
Processing
Others
Application (% sales, 1990)
Welding
Material handling
Assembly
Painting
Processing
Others
Application (% sales, 2004)
33%
35%
Application (% sales, 2004)
33%
35%
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 9
International Comparison
Industrial Robots (1990)
US
Japan
Europe
Rest of world
Industrial Robots (1990)
US
Japan
Europe
Rest of world
Industrial Robots (2004)
US
Japan
Europe
Rest of world
Industrial Robots (2004)
US
Japan
Europe
Rest of world
9%14%
31%
16%
60%40%
15%
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 10
Industrial Robots: Numbers
United Nations Economic Commission forEurope (UNECE, Oct. 2004)
Number of units installed annuallyNumber of operational robots
Number of robots per 10,000 workers
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 11
Industrial Robotics: InternationalComparison
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 12
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 20
Personal and Service Robotics MarketResearch Challenges for IndustrialRobots• Sensing
– 3-D Vision– Force
• Integration: sensor basedcontrol
• Mobility and manipulation• Development
– Design, packaging, power– Safety– Product cost
Fanuc Robotics
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 21
Personal and Service Robotics MarketResearch Challenges for Service andPersonal Robots• Mobility• Manipulation• Perception (Vision)• Human-Robot Interfaces• Autonomy• Development
– Design, packaging, power– Safety– Product cost
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 22
International Survey
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 23
U.S. Industry
Industrial– Adept
Service– iRobot– MobileRobots
PackbotScooba (iRobot)
AdeptMobileRobots
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 24
U.S. Industrial Robotics
Pharmaceuticals:LaboratoryAutomation
A
B
CD
E
F
GH
Presentation by Dr. Zheng
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 25
Japan: Industrial Robotics
Three major companiesFanuc, Yasakawa, and Kawasaki
Fanuc– 20% market share– 1800 employees (1300 in research
labs, 10 Ph.Ds)– 10,000 robots– Technology provides the competitive
edge
• Before• servo motors/amplifiers
• Now• Software for sensing/integration
– robots assemble/test robots– beyond human performance
Fanuc F-200iB
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 26
Korea: Industrial Robotics
SamsungAutomatic transfer vehicle (1984)Electronic assembly robots (1985-87)First industrial robot (1989)Fully automated, robotic VCR assembly line (1991)80486-based robot controller (1993)Vision-based inspection robot (1996)Service robots, iComar and Antor (2001)Multi-functional cleaner (2004)
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 27
Fast, precise, economicalindustrial robots
MARON: Links toPC/Internet/cell phone
Fujitsu: Industrial, Service andPersonal Robots
1982-85Industrial robots
1986-96Space robots
1995-2000Nursing robots
2000-…Human-friendly robots
Personal robotsHumanoid robots
Personalrobot(HOAP)
Reliable,autonomous,space robots
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 28
Japan: Sony Entertainment Robots
Emphasis on Personal Robots andHumanoids
QRIO (2004- )AIBO (1998- )SDR (2000-2003)
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 29
Japan and Korea
Robots for a Silver society
ZMP: Nuvo humanoid robots(domestic companions)
Honda ASIMO project (1986 - )
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 30
Europe: Industrial Robotics
ABB– High Speed Parallel Robot– Force and vision integrated
assembly system
Parallelrobots forsuperiorperformance
KukaHeavy dutyrobots (500kg, 3m reach,+/- 0.3mm)
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 31
Europe: Service and Personal Robots
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 32
International Comparisons:Quantitative Observations• Networks
– Japan Robot Association– European Network– No comparable U.S. network
• Large Industry– Europe, Asia > U.S.
• Small Industry, start-ups– Europe, Asia > U.S. Growth rate in Asia > average
Growth rate in U.S. < average
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 33
International Comparisons:Qualitative Observations• Made first in the U.S., but…
– Matured elsewhere– In spite of the entrepreneurial culture in the U.S.– More start-ups in Europe, Japan than the U.S.
• Close collaboration between government,academia and industry in Japan/Korea
• Concerted effort to understand big picture,develop and implement agenda– Japan: Strategy for creating new industries includes
robotics as one of the seven areas of emphasis– Korea: Of the 10 next generation growth engines,
robotics is one of them
WTEC Robotics Study: Industrial, Service, and Personal Robots Slide 34