World History II SOL Review Use these slides like flash cards to study for the SOL test WHII.11 – WHII.12.

World History II World History II SOL ReviewSOL Review

Use these slides like flash Use these slides like flash cards to study for the SOL cards to study for the SOL

testtest

WHII.11 – WHII.12WHII.11 – WHII.12

Outbreak of World War IIOutbreak of World War IIWhat were the major causes for WWII?What were the major causes for WWII?

• Aggression by totalitarian powers.Aggression by totalitarian powers.• Germany, Italy, JapanGermany, Italy, Japan

• NationalismNationalism• Failures of WHAT treaty?Failures of WHAT treaty?

• Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles• AppeasementAppeasement• Weaknesses of League of NationsWeaknesses of League of Nations• Isolationism and PacifismIsolationism and Pacifism

Major Events of WWIIMajor Events of WWII

• What event marks the beginning What event marks the beginning of WWII?of WWII?• Germany’s invasion of PolandGermany’s invasion of Poland

• Germany’s invasion of what Germany’s invasion of what allied nation gave them control allied nation gave them control of both East and West Europe? of both East and West Europe? • FranceFrance

A World DividedA World Divided

• Who were the Who were the Allied Powers?Allied Powers?• Great BritainGreat Britain• FranceFrance• Soviet Union (after Soviet Union (after

Germany broke Germany broke their non-their non-aggression pact aggression pact and invaded)and invaded)

• The United StatesThe United States

• Who were the Who were the Axis Powers?Axis Powers?• GermanyGermany• ItalyItaly• JapanJapan• USSR (until USSR (until

Germany broke Germany broke their non-their non-aggression pact aggression pact and invaded)and invaded)

Major Events of WWIIMajor Events of WWII• How did Germany void the Nazi-Soviet How did Germany void the Nazi-Soviet

Non-Aggression Pact?Non-Aggression Pact?• By invading the Soviet Union, August By invading the Soviet Union, August

19431943• What event brought the US into the What event brought the US into the

war?war?• Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7,

19411941• What was the major What was the major blitzkriegblitzkrieg attack attack

of Britain?of Britain?• The Battle of Britain – RAF were able to The Battle of Britain – RAF were able to

keep the Luftwaffe at bay.keep the Luftwaffe at bay.

Major Events of WWII Major Events of WWII European Theater European Theater

Hitler invades Soviet Union (1941) Operation Hitler invades Soviet Union (1941) Operation BarbarossaBarbarossa

Battle of Stalingrad (1942) – German troops Battle of Stalingrad (1942) – German troops weakened and pushed back to the west.weakened and pushed back to the west.

What do we call the Allied invasion of Europe?What do we call the Allied invasion of Europe?D-Day, Invasion of Normandy (June 6, 1944) – the D-Day, Invasion of Normandy (June 6, 1944) – the Allies liberated FranceAllies liberated France

The war in Europe officially came to an end May The war in Europe officially came to an end May 8, 1945, known as _____.8, 1945, known as _____.

VE Day – Hitler committed suicide in VE Day – Hitler committed suicide in April, 1945 and Germany agreed to April, 1945 and Germany agreed to unconditional surrender unconditional surrender

Major Events of WWII Major Events of WWII Pacific TheaterPacific Theater

What battle of the Pacific was a major turning What battle of the Pacific was a major turning point in the war (for the Allies)point in the war (for the Allies)The Battle of MidwayThe Battle of Midway

How did the war in Japan end?How did the war in Japan end?Atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and NagasakiNagasaki

Which American President made the decision to Which American President made the decision to drop the bombs?drop the bombs?Harry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman

What was The Holocaust?What was The Holocaust?• The Nazi controlled killing of more than 6 The Nazi controlled killing of more than 6

million Jewsmillion Jews• How did the Nazis first suspend the rights of How did the Nazis first suspend the rights of

Jews?Jews?• Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws

• How did the Germans exterminate the Jews?How did the Germans exterminate the Jews?• Concentration CampsConcentration Camps – poison gas – poison gas

• The Holocaust is an example of the physical The Holocaust is an example of the physical extermination of a people – what is this called?extermination of a people – what is this called?• GenocideGenocide

What are other examples of What are other examples of 2020thth-Century Genocide?-Century Genocide?

• WHO did the Turkish (Ottoman) WHO did the Turkish (Ottoman) government kill millions of during WWI??government kill millions of during WWI??• ArmeniansArmenians

• WHO is responsible for the murder 1 WHO is responsible for the murder 1 million of his own people in Cambodia??million of his own people in Cambodia??• Pol PotPol Pot

• WHO engineered the mass killing of WHO engineered the mass killing of Tutus in Rwanda?Tutus in Rwanda?• HutusHutus

Post War – International Post War – International OrganizationsOrganizations

WHAT organization replaced the ineffective WHAT organization replaced the ineffective League of Nations?League of Nations?

• United NationsUnited Nations

WHAT is the name of the strong executive WHAT is the name of the strong executive branch of the UN?branch of the UN?

• Security Council – with 5 permanent Security Council – with 5 permanent membersmembers

WHY did the UN create the World Bank?WHY did the UN create the World Bank?• Help stabilize world economiesHelp stabilize world economies

Rebuilding GermanyRebuilding Germany• HOW did the Allies attempt HOW did the Allies attempt

to de-Nazify Germany?to de-Nazify Germany?• Divided the occupation of Divided the occupation of

Germany amongst the 4 Germany amongst the 4 alliesallies

• WHAT was the result?WHAT was the result?• A western – pro-democracy A western – pro-democracy

Germany in the West and Germany in the West and an eastern-communist an eastern-communist Germany in the EastGermany in the East

• WHERE were Nazis tried for WHERE were Nazis tried for crimes against humanity?crimes against humanity?• Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Trials

Rebuilding EuropeRebuilding Europe• WHAT does USSR gain at the WHAT does USSR gain at the

conferences of Tehran, Yalta and conferences of Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam?Potsdam?• Allowed to dominate Eastern EuropeAllowed to dominate Eastern Europe

• WHAT was the result?WHAT was the result?• An “iron curtain” falls between East An “iron curtain” falls between East

and West Europe (Churchill)and West Europe (Churchill)• WHAT was the US plan for rebuilding WHAT was the US plan for rebuilding

Europe and stopping the spread of Europe and stopping the spread of Communism?Communism?• Marshall Plan Marshall Plan

Rebuilding JapanRebuilding Japan• Tojo is executed for war crimesTojo is executed for war crimes• Hirohito allowed to keep throne, but no Hirohito allowed to keep throne, but no

longer “divine ruler”longer “divine ruler”• American troops occupy Japan under American troops occupy Japan under

General MacArthur – they can have NO General MacArthur – they can have NO militarymilitary

• RESULT?RESULT?• Japan transforms into major global Japan transforms into major global

economic powereconomic power

What is the COLD WAR?What is the COLD WAR?• Competition between the two new post-Competition between the two new post-

war super powers.war super powers.• WHO are these super powers?WHO are these super powers?

• The US (Truman) and the USSR (Stalin)The US (Truman) and the USSR (Stalin)

• WHAT Eastern European countries WHAT Eastern European countries became the USSR’s buffer states?became the USSR’s buffer states?• Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East

Germany, Hungary, Poland and Germany, Hungary, Poland and RomaniaRomania

COLD WAR alliances and COLD WAR alliances and policiespolicies

• WHAT military alliance did the West form after WHAT military alliance did the West form after WWII?WWII?• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• What did the Eastern Bloc countries form in What did the Eastern Bloc countries form in response?response?• Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

• As the US and her Allies became concerned As the US and her Allies became concerned about communism, they came up with what about communism, they came up with what policy?policy?• The Truman Doctrine of ContainmentThe Truman Doctrine of Containment

COLD WAR cold conflictsCOLD WAR cold conflicts• WHAT did the USSR do in opposition to the creation WHAT did the USSR do in opposition to the creation

of a pro-West German state?of a pro-West German state?• The Berlin BlockadeThe Berlin Blockade

• What was the West’s response?What was the West’s response?• Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

• As the US and her Allies became concerned about As the US and her Allies became concerned about communism, they came up with what policy?communism, they came up with what policy?• The Truman Doctrine of ContainmentThe Truman Doctrine of Containment

• How does USSR prevent people from fleeing East How does USSR prevent people from fleeing East Berlin to the West?Berlin to the West?

• The Berlin Wall – the symbol of the Cold WarThe Berlin Wall – the symbol of the Cold War

Cold War in AsiaCold War in Asia

• WHAT COUNTRY?WHAT COUNTRY?• 1949 Civil War1949 Civil War• Communists led by Chairman Mao Communists led by Chairman Mao

Tse-Tung (Zedong)Tse-Tung (Zedong)• Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek – Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek –

who was forced to flee to Taiwanwho was forced to flee to Taiwan• Tension still exists between the Tension still exists between the

Communist country and TaiwanCommunist country and Taiwan• CHINACHINA

Cold War HOT ConflictsCold War HOT Conflicts

• WHAT conflict?WHAT conflict?• Above the 38Above the 38thth Parallel was Parallel was

Communist, below was pro-westCommunist, below was pro-west• The North invaded the South in an The North invaded the South in an

attempt to spread communismattempt to spread communism• The US sent troops to repel invadersThe US sent troops to repel invaders• It ended in a stalemate.It ended in a stalemate.

• THE KOREAN WAR – still dividedTHE KOREAN WAR – still divided

Cold War HOT ConflictsCold War HOT Conflicts

• WHAT conflict?WHAT conflict?• The US was concerned about this The US was concerned about this

conflict because of the conflict because of the Domino TheoryDomino Theory• Ho Chi Minh=leader of Communist Ho Chi Minh=leader of Communist

NationalistsNationalists• LBJ escalated US involvement in the LBJ escalated US involvement in the

conflict – Nixon removed the troopsconflict – Nixon removed the troops• The entire country falls to communismThe entire country falls to communism

• VIETNAM CONFLICT – all communistVIETNAM CONFLICT – all communist

Cold War HOT ConflictsCold War HOT Conflicts• WHAT country?WHAT country?

• Communist Leader Fidel Castro, Communist Leader Fidel Castro, supported by the Soviet Union supported by the Soviet Union (Khrushchev)(Khrushchev)

• CIA trained former citizens attempted CIA trained former citizens attempted to overthrow Castro at the Bay of Pigsto overthrow Castro at the Bay of Pigs

• Soviet missiles found in the country Soviet missiles found in the country prompted fear of a nuclear war!prompted fear of a nuclear war!

• Soviet leader Khrushchev backed Soviet leader Khrushchev backed down to Kennedy’s demandsdown to Kennedy’s demands

• CUBA – Cuban Missile CrisisCUBA – Cuban Missile Crisis

How did the Cold War How did the Cold War End?End?

• Soviet economy failedSoviet economy failed• Mikhail Gorbachev’s (1985-1991) Mikhail Gorbachev’s (1985-1991)

reforms:reforms:• Ban intermediate-range missilesBan intermediate-range missiles• Perestroika – economic reformsPerestroika – economic reforms• Glasnost – openness Glasnost – openness

• What symbolizes the end of the Cold What symbolizes the end of the Cold War?War?• Fall of the Berlin WallFall of the Berlin Wall