Age of Discovery SOL WHII.4. The expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia. With the loss of Constantinople.

Age of DiscoveryAge of DiscoverySOL WHII.4SOL WHII.4

The expanding economies of European The expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia. markets in Asia. With the loss of With the loss of Constantinople in 1453Constantinople in 1453, European , European nations fronting the Atlantic sought new nations fronting the Atlantic sought new maritime routes for trade.maritime routes for trade.

Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire.

Nations in Western Europe began looking for another route for getting to Asia.

Factors Contributing to the Factors Contributing to the European Discovery of Lands in the European Discovery of Lands in the

Western HemisphereWestern Hemisphere

In Europe, there was a huge In Europe, there was a huge demand for demand for gold, spices, and gold, spices, and natural resourcesnatural resources. The pressure . The pressure was on to find other supply sources was on to find other supply sources for these items.for these items.

One motive for exploration was to One motive for exploration was to spread the Christian religionspread the Christian religion. . Catholics and Protestants carried Catholics and Protestants carried their faith, language, and culture to their faith, language, and culture to the new lands.the new lands.

As they migrated to the new lands, As they migrated to the new lands, one of the goals of the immigrants one of the goals of the immigrants was to was to convert the indigenous convert the indigenous people (natives)people (natives) to their Christian to their Christian faith.faith.

As European countries competed As European countries competed with each other to discover a with each other to discover a maritime route to Asia, maritime route to Asia, political and political and economic competitioneconomic competition between between European empires increased. Each European empires increased. Each country wanted to be the country wanted to be the BIG BIG WINNERWINNER and find the route first. and find the route first.

Innovations in navigational arts Innovations in navigational arts and the invention of improved and the invention of improved navigational tools such as the navigational tools such as the compass, better ships, and compass, better ships, and more accurate mapsmore accurate maps made made exploration possible.exploration possible.

New innovations in the navigational New innovations in the navigational arts were of arts were of European and Islamic European and Islamic (Muslim) origin.(Muslim) origin.

Prince Henry of Portugal brought Prince Henry of Portugal brought people together to study navigation. people together to study navigation. He became known as He became known as Prince Henry Prince Henry the Navigatorthe Navigator. He also sponsored . He also sponsored ships to travel and study the coast ships to travel and study the coast of Africa.of Africa.

Let’s review the factors that led to Let’s review the factors that led to exploration!exploration!

Demand for gold, spices, and natural Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europeresources in Europe

Spread ChristianitySpread ChristianityCompetition between countriesCompetition between countriesBetter navigational equipmentBetter navigational equipmentPrince Henry the Navigator spurred Prince Henry the Navigator spurred

interest in exploringinterest in exploring

It has been said that the reason It has been said that the reason explorers were prompted to set explorers were prompted to set forth on their adventures were:forth on their adventures were:

Get Rich!

Become famous and make your

country proud!

Spread Christianity

Establishment of Overseas Establishment of Overseas EmpiresEmpires

Portugal

Vasco da Gama

France

Jacques Cartier

England

Francis Drake

Spain

Christopher Columbus

Hernando Cortez

Ferdinand Magellan

Francisco Pizarro

The Spanish Conquistadors conquered the native people.

Hernando Cortez

Conquered the

Aztec Empire

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered the

Inca Empire

The Europeans migrated to new The Europeans migrated to new colonies in North and South colonies in North and South America creating new cultural and America creating new cultural and social patterns. Expansion of social patterns. Expansion of overseas territorial claims resulted.overseas territorial claims resulted.

Spanish conquistadors conquered Spanish conquistadors conquered and destroyed the and destroyed the Aztec, Maya and Aztec, Maya and Inca EmpiresInca Empires. The conquistadors . The conquistadors had superior had superior weaponsweapons and and help help from rival tribesfrom rival tribes. The invaders also . The invaders also brought brought diseasesdiseases that devastated that devastated the natives.the natives.

A A rigid class systemrigid class system and dictatorial and dictatorial rule was established by Spain in rule was established by Spain in Latin America. The top class in this Latin America. The top class in this rigid class system were called rigid class system were called PeninsularesPeninsulares..

Native Americans were Native Americans were sometimes forced into slavery. sometimes forced into slavery. There were such large numbers There were such large numbers of the native people that died with of the native people that died with the Spanish invasion, however, the Spanish invasion, however, that that a new labor force had to be a new labor force had to be found.found.

The death of Native Americans The death of Native Americans led to the forced migration of led to the forced migration of Africans into slavery. Africans into slavery. Most slaves Most slaves were taken to the Caribbean were taken to the Caribbean Islands.Islands.

Colonies Colonies imitated the culture imitated the culture and social patternsand social patterns of their of their parent country.parent country.

European trading posts were European trading posts were established established along the African along the African Coast.Coast. Trading at these posts was Trading at these posts was for for slaves, gold, and other slaves, gold, and other productsproducts..

In In AsiaAsia, trading companies , trading companies gained much influence. These gained much influence. These companies were companies were Portuguese, Portuguese, Dutch, and British.Dutch, and British.

Portuguese

Dutch

British

The The ChineseChinese did not want foreign did not want foreign companies gaining influence in their companies gaining influence in their country. They imposed policies to country. They imposed policies to control foreign influence and trade.control foreign influence and trade.

The discovery of the Americas by The discovery of the Americas by Europeans resulted in an exchange Europeans resulted in an exchange of products and resources between of products and resources between the Eastern and Western the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Hemispheres. This exchange is This exchange is known as the Columbian known as the Columbian Exchange.Exchange.

Horses Tobacco

Western Hemisphere Western Hemisphere agricultural products such as agricultural products such as corn, potatoes, and tobaccocorn, potatoes, and tobacco changed European lifestyles.changed European lifestyles.

European European horses and cattlehorses and cattle changed the lifestyles of changed the lifestyles of American Indians.American Indians.

European diseases like European diseases like smallpoxsmallpox killed many American Indians.killed many American Indians.

European plantation systems in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economies and damaged the environment.

The shortage of labor to grow The shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of cash crops led to the use of African slaves.African slaves.

Slavery was based on race! The Slavery was based on race! The Europeans turned to African slave Europeans turned to African slave labor to replace Native Americans labor to replace Native Americans because the Africans had because the Africans had immunity to European diseases!immunity to European diseases!

The Spanish economy The Spanish economy experienced a crushing period of experienced a crushing period of inflationinflation as the influx of gold and as the influx of gold and silver from the Americas greatly silver from the Americas greatly increased its money supply in the increased its money supply in the 1600s. Remember! Precious metal 1600s. Remember! Precious metal were coming from the Americas.were coming from the Americas.

The European nations established The European nations established a trade pattern known as the a trade pattern known as the triangular trade patterntriangular trade pattern and and exported precious metals from the exported precious metals from the Americas.Americas.

The triangular trade linked The triangular trade linked Europe, Europe, Africa, and the Americas.Africa, and the Americas.

Europe

Africa

Americas

Middle Passage

Raw materials and

products from America

Cotton, tobacco, sugar

Slaves and goldIte

ms

from

Eur

ope

to

buy

slav

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ithLi

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, gun

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cotto

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1. Why were Europeans 1. Why were Europeans interested in discovering new interested in discovering new lands and markets?lands and markets?

There was a demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe.

2. What was a goal of Christians 2. What was a goal of Christians and Catholics for exploration?and Catholics for exploration?

They wanted to spread Christianity.

3. Which explorer conquered 3. Which explorer conquered the Aztecs?the Aztecs?

Hernando Cortez

4. Match the explorer with the 4. Match the explorer with the country that sponsored them.country that sponsored them.

Portugal

English

Spain

France

Christopher Columbus

Jacques Cartier

Vasco da Gama

Francis Drake

5. Who was the Portuguese 5. Who was the Portuguese pioneer that sponsored ships to pioneer that sponsored ships to travel the coasts of Africa?travel the coasts of Africa?

Prince Henry the Navigator

HE WAS FROM PORTUGAL!

6. What was the top class of the 6. What was the top class of the Spanish American class based Spanish American class based society called?society called?

Peninsulares

7. What did the traders pick up 7. What did the traders pick up in Africa?in Africa?

Slaves and gold

Where were these taken?

The Caribbean and the Americas

8. Name the three countries 8. Name the three countries that established trading that established trading companies in Asia.companies in Asia.

Portuguese

British

Dutch

9. What was a result of the 9. What was a result of the European plantation system in the European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas?Caribbean and the Americas?

Indigenous economies were destroyed and the environment was damaged.

10. What changed the lifestyle 10. What changed the lifestyle of the Native Americans?of the Native Americans?

Horses and cattle

11. Who sponsored Vasco da 11. Who sponsored Vasco da Gama?Gama?

Portugal

Who sponsored Jacques Cartier?

France

Who sponsored Francis Drake?

England

12. What was the origin for the 12. What was the origin for the new navigational tools used new navigational tools used during the age of exploration?during the age of exploration?

They were of Islamic (Muslim) and European origin.

13. The loss of what city 13. The loss of what city contributed to the desire to find contributed to the desire to find an alternate route to Asia?an alternate route to Asia?

Constantinople

14. What was China’s reaction to 14. What was China’s reaction to the increase in demand for Chinese the increase in demand for Chinese goods?goods?

They imposed controls on foreign traders to limit their influence.

15. What did the death of large 15. What did the death of large numbers of Native Americans due to numbers of Native Americans due to disease lead to?disease lead to?

The use of Africans for slave labor