What PERSIAGM problems exist Changes to the empire after the Austro-Prussian War… Problems to come?

• What PERSIAGM problems exist

• Changes to the empire after the Austro-Prussian War…

• Problems to come?

• “Old Dying Man”• Where is there

the most unrest?• Stories of cracks?

Tsars’ Disasters

• Lineage of Czars– Alexander I = 1801-1825– Nicholas I = 1825-1855– Alexander II = 1855-1881– Alexander III = 1881-1894– Nicholas II = 1894-1917

• These Czars will leave Nicholas II with many problems (déjà vu!!)

• Goals in 1800s for these Czars? (2)– Modernize (how?)– Become Democratic (?)

• 3 Pillars (pillars? or stilts)– Autocracy– Orthodoxy,– Nationalism

(heritage)• Modernization?

– NO• Begins Crimean

War

• loses Crimean War from 1854-1856– Exposed as backwards

• Tries reforms– 1861 = ???

• Problem = serfs still poor and with little work

– Improved government• trial by jury

• reforms push socialists and liberals into wanting MORE!!!– Tsar tries to repress his

previous reforms– 1881 = assassinated!!

• Harsh in response of his father’s assassination– exiled opponents– tried to wipe out liberals

• Russificiation = ???– persecutes minority groups

(Poles, Jews, Fins, Armenians)

– Pogroms = ??• 1890 Industrialization

starts…75 years too late– Trans-Siberian Railroad– cities grow…problems grow– socialists gain supporters in

cities

• Feudalism and Industrialization…• Democratization? Reform? Who still has total power?

– Autocracy in the Czar!!

• Czars begin to industrialize in 1890s– More factories, cities,

SLUMS!!• Awful conditions and NO

REFORMS = ? – SOCIALISM and

COMMUNISM GROWS– Workers are RESTLESS!!

• Proletariat is still small!!

• 1894-1895, Russia loses Russo-Japanese War!!!

• It is January 1905, and your people have come to your Winter Palace in St. Petersburg

– What are they asking for?

• This is a pivotal moment in your reign…what orders could you leave for your guards?

• Czars guards shoot & attack protestors• Hundreds of Russians killed• Czar Nicholas “saddened” by the event• Called “Bloody Sunday”

• What did people do next?

• Conclusion = October Manifesto

• What have absolute rulers done to “legislative branches” before?

• PM Pyotr Stolypin– Crushed “Rev Orgs”– More pogroms and

Russification• By 1914, little reform

OctoberManifestoand effects

• What does he write and when?• What is the impact of the work? Think PSM