Geography and History Activity netw rks - SOCIAL STUDIES...The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918 The result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 was that Austria was expelled

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The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918

The result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 was that Austria was expelled from the German Confederation. This caused Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria to want to consolidate his multiethnic empire toward the east. He recognized the necessity of dealing with the “rebellious” Hungarians, and the outcome of negotiations with them was the Compromise, or Ausgleich, of 1867. This Compromise restored Hungary’s independence and established a newly shaped dual monarchy, officially named Austria-Hungary.

Francis Joseph remained king of Hungary and emperor of Austria, but each country managed its own internal affairs. The empire was considered a single state for purposes of war and foreign affairs. Independent politically, the two states depended on each other economically. Industrialized Austria provided manufactured goods while agricultural Hungary provided food products. This arrangement satisfied the German-Austrians and the Hungarian Magyars, who held power in the two states.

One of the divisions in the study of human geography is social geography. Social geography is concerned with divisions within society, such as class, ethnicity, religion, gender, and age.

The map shows the spatial distribution of the ethnic groups who lived in Austria-Hungary during the time of the dual monarchy. As you study the map, you can see how the Slavic groups were distributed throughout the empire. In fact, three-fifths of the people in the empire were Slavs, and they had no voice in the government. The challenge for Francis Joseph was to govern the widely divergent ethnic groups in the empire, helping them to get along despite their different customs and cultures.

Geography and History Activity

Vienna

Prague

Budapest

Danube R.

Adrit ic Sea

Galicia

Transylvania

Dalmatia

Bosnia

Montenegro

Slavonia

Croatia

BohemiaMoravia

Tyrol

RUSSIA

SWITZER-LAND

GERMANY

KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA

AUSTRIA

HUNGARY

SERBIA

20°E 25°E

45°N

50°N

Adri

GermansMagyarsItaliansRomaniansSlavic Groups

N

S

EW

Peoples of Austria-Hungary, 1914

Caption: Five different and distinct ethnic groups lived in the Austria-Hungary Empire in 1914. The various Slavic groups, who had no representation, were scattered over a wide area.

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Directions: Answer the questions below in the space provided.

Understanding Concepts

1. Interpreting Where did most of the Germans in Austria-Hungary live?

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2. Describing Complete the following two-column chart by identifying the peoples who lived in each region.

Peoples of Austria-Hungary

Region Peoples

Tyrol

Austria

Moravia

Bohemia

Galicia

Hungary

Transylvania

Slavonia

Bosnia

Croatia

Dalmatia

Geography and History Activity Cont.

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3. Making Inferences Slavic groups in Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia, and Slavonia had no representation in the government. Based on their location, why do you think this was unfair?

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Applying Concept

4. Drawing Conclusions How was the dual monarchy different from other forms of government, and what was the advantage of such an arrangement?

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5. Making Connections The dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary was home to many different ethnic groups. In what ways is this similar to a culture with which you are familiar?

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6. Generalize Mapping the areas where different groups are concentrated is a common activity of social geographers. Name three different ways a social geographer might map the area where you live.

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Geography and History Activity Cont.