What are the key issues and events that led to the Civil War? Day 2 - Slavery Slavery States’ Rights Nullification Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850.

What are the key issues and events that led to the Civil War?

Day 2 - SlaverySlavery

States’ Rights

Nullification

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850

Georgia Platform

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Dred Scott Case

Election of 1860

Debate over the Secession in Georgia

Role of Alexander Stephens

The Issue of SlaverySouth

SupportedSlavery

North

Wanted to Abolish Slavery

Slave Population in 1860• Slaves were about 4 million of the total

black population in the country.• By far, the MAJORITY lived in the South.• About 11.5% of the slaves lived in Georgia.

SOUTHERN SLAVEHOLDERS1860 Census

Owned 20 +

Owned 10 - 19

Owned 1

Owned 2-9

Owned 0

75 %

13%

5%

4%

3%

To plantations owners, was slavery a moral issue,

an economic issue or both? Why?

Do You Think the Idea of Manifest

Destiny Had Anything to

Do with Plantation Owners’ Views on Slavery?

Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Plantationon a Plantation

Slaves Picking CottonSlaves Picking Cottonon a Plantationon a Plantation

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin

““Hauling the Whole Week’s Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”Pickings”

William Henry Brown, 1842William Henry Brown, 1842

““Hauling the Whole Week’s Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”Pickings”

William Henry Brown, 1842William Henry Brown, 1842

Slaves WorkingSlaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling House, in a Sugar-Boiling House,

18231823

Slaves WorkingSlaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling House, in a Sugar-Boiling House,

18231823

Muscogee County Old Slave Cabins

Slave Family Picking Cotton Near Savannah

Slave Auction NoticeSlave Auction NoticeSlave Auction NoticeSlave Auction Notice

Slave AuctionSlave AuctionSlave AuctionSlave Auction

The Ledger of John The Ledger of John WhiteWhite

The Ledger of John The Ledger of John WhiteWhiteMatilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr.

Covington, St. Louis, $425.00

Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home – Crazy

Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal,Donaldsonville, $1200.00

Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ran Away. Sold out of jail, $540.00

Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00

Slave MasterBrands

Slave EquipmentSlave EquipmentSlave EquipmentSlave Equipment

Slave Muzzle

Slave Tag

Slave EquipmentSlave EquipmentSlave EquipmentSlave Equipment

Slave Leg Irons

Slave Shoes

Anti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave Pamphlet

Slaves Slaves posing in posing in front of front of

their their cabin on cabin on

a a Southern Southern plantatioplantatio

n.n.

Slaves Slaves posing in posing in front of front of

their their cabin on cabin on

a a Southern Southern plantatioplantatio

n.n.

TaraTara – Plantation Reality or – Plantation Reality or Myth?Myth?

TaraTara – Plantation Reality or – Plantation Reality or Myth?Myth?

Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?Hollywood’s Version?

Real Georgia Real Georgia PlantationsPlantations

Real Georgia Real Georgia PlantationsPlantations

Scarlet and MammieScarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)(Hollywood Again!)

Scarlet and MammieScarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)(Hollywood Again!)

A Real Mammie A Real Mammie & Her Charge& Her Charge

A Real Mammie A Real Mammie & Her Charge& Her Charge

A Slave FamilyA Slave FamilyA Slave FamilyA Slave Family

Great Awakening (2)• In the 1820’s a

second Great Awakening swept the country.

• One result of this religious revival was increased and interracial support for abolition (movement to do away with slavery).

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT

Abolitionist = a person who demanded the immediate freeing of slaves•Morally wrong•Violates religious teachings•Results in cruel and inhumane treatment of slaves•Violates democracy

Abolitionist Activities• Made speeches• Conducted meetings• Published newspapers• Organized and offered

their homes as safe houses for runaway slaves in the Underground Railroad

• Wrote books and articles

Famous Abolitionists

Best known abolitionist, published leading abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator.

William Lloyd Garrison

John Brown

Fanatical abolitionist who planned a slave rebellion; led an unsuccessful raid on

armory at Harper’s Ferry, VA.

Former slave who escaped to freedom;

public speaker who traveled around the country

describing the evils of slavery.

Frederick Douglass

Former runaway slave; a leading worker on the

Underground Railroad.

Harriet Tubman

Harriet Beecher Stowe• Author of book, Uncle Tom’s

Cabin.• A dramatic picture of slave

suffering.• Wrote about slaves as

individuals rather than a group and described some of the worst things about slavery and the fugitive slave laws.

• Book was a big success -- over 300,000 copies in first 6 months .

Sojourner Truth

Born a slave and later freed; traveling preacher who told her story of the

abolition of slavery, equality and the betterment of society.

Nat Turner

Believed God wanted him to end slavery in America; led a revolt that resulted in the deaths of over 50 whites and numerous slaves. Turner was captured and hanged.

Slave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave Resistance

Refusal to work hard.

Isolated acts of sabotage.

Escape via the Underground Railroad.

Runaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave Ads

Quilt Patterns as Secret Quilt Patterns as Secret MessagesMessages

Quilt Patterns as Secret Quilt Patterns as Secret MessagesMessages

The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

Slave States vs. Free StatesIn 1819, the US had 22 states:

11 were slave states (states that did allow slavery)

11 were free states (states that did not allow slavery)

SENATE = Equal number of senators from slave states and from free states.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES = Free states had more representatives than the slave states.

The State of MissouriThe slave state of Missouri applied for statehood. (Admitting Missouri would upset the balance between slave states and free states.)

Missouri CompromiseAfter a great deal of debate, Congress adopted the Missouri Compromise.

Missouri would join the Union as a slave state, and Maine joined as a free state.

Slavery would not be allowed north of the 36° 20´ line of latitude.

This compromise kept a balance of power between the free states and slave states in the Senate and provided a temporary solution to the slavery question.

Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820

Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820

Dred Scott Decision (1857)a Supreme Court decision adds fuel to the fire...

• Dred Scott was a Missouri slave.

• He sued for his freedom because he had lived for a period of time with his master in the free state of Illinois and free territory of Wisconsin.

• The Supreme Court said Scott could not sue because he was a slave, and slaves were not citizens.

This Caused Further Division