Slavery and The War Between the States. You Need to Know Antebellum Antebellum Northwest Ordinance Northwest Ordinance 3/5th Compromise 3/5th Compromise.

Slavery and The Slavery and The War Between the War Between the

StatesStates

You Need to KnowYou Need to Know AntebellumAntebellum Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest Ordinance 3/5th Compromise3/5th Compromise 20 year moratorium on 20 year moratorium on

slave tradeslave trade Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise

(1820)(1820) AbolitionismAbolitionism William Lloyd William Lloyd

Garrison/The LiberatorGarrison/The Liberator Fredrick Douglas/ Fredrick Douglas/

North StarNorth Star Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso The 1850's: Decade of CrisisThe 1850's: Decade of Crisis Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Act Fugitive Slave Act Uncle Tom's Cabin Uncle Tom's Cabin Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act Demise of the Whig Party Demise of the Whig Party Emergence of the Emergence of the

Republican Party Republican Party Dred Scott decision and Dred Scott decision and

Lecompton crisis Lecompton crisis Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln-Douglas debates,

1858 1858 John Brown's raid John Brown's raid The election of 1860The election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln The secession crisis The secession crisis During and After the Civil During and After the Civil

WarWar Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation Black Soldiers- 54th Black Soldiers- 54th

Massachusetts Massachusetts

Civil War DBQ:Civil War DBQ:

To what extent was the secession To what extent was the secession of the Southern states of the Southern states

the result of the breakdown in the result of the breakdown in the legacy of compromise the legacy of compromise

beginning with the constitutional beginning with the constitutional convention?convention?

DBQ OutlineDBQ Outline

Introduction- History of Slavery in the Introduction- History of Slavery in the United States has been a history of United States has been a history of compromisecompromise

The conflict between the pro-slavery and The conflict between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in America resulted in anti-slavery groups in America resulted in the decision of the Southern states to the decision of the Southern states to secede.secede.

I- Constitution and Compromises Before I- Constitution and Compromises Before 19501950

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise 18201820

Missouri Compromise:Missouri Compromise: 1818 settlers in Missouri territory requested admission to 1818 settlers in Missouri territory requested admission to

the Unionthe Union The question rose, should it be a slave state or a free The question rose, should it be a slave state or a free

state?state? Henry Clay- leader in Congress from Kentucky – Henry Clay- leader in Congress from Kentucky – Conflict emerged between Southern and Northern groups.Conflict emerged between Southern and Northern groups. He created a compromise- to allow equal number of slave He created a compromise- to allow equal number of slave

and free statesand free states Maine enters as a free state and Missouri enters as a slave Maine enters as a free state and Missouri enters as a slave

state.state. Provided for the entrance of new states in the Louisiana Provided for the entrance of new states in the Louisiana

Purchase, Slavery is not allowed above 36º 30’ Purchase, Slavery is not allowed above 36º 30’

AbolitionismAbolitionism Extremist movement in the North to end Extremist movement in the North to end

Slavery (Christian based)Slavery (Christian based) Saw slavery as a moral issue clearly Saw slavery as a moral issue clearly

wrong/evilwrong/evil Religious foundationsReligious foundations Massachusetts- key- locationMassachusetts- key- location Agitated for end of slavery Agitated for end of slavery Wanted to stop the spread of slavery in Wanted to stop the spread of slavery in

the Expansion of the countrythe Expansion of the country

Abolitionist Movement: Abolitionist Movement: The movement to end slavery and free African The movement to end slavery and free African

AmericansAmericans 100 plus societies in the North100 plus societies in the North Some suggested that Former slaves be resettled in Some suggested that Former slaves be resettled in

AfricaAfrica Some said former slaves remain in US as free citizensSome said former slaves remain in US as free citizens

William Lloyd Garrison was one Abolitionist, published William Lloyd Garrison was one Abolitionist, published a newspaper a newspaper The LiberatorThe Liberator

His paper advocated and called for immediate His paper advocated and called for immediate emancipationemancipation

Fredrick DouglasFredrick Douglas was a former slave, well educated and was a former slave, well educated and advocated the end of Slavery at any means possible.advocated the end of Slavery at any means possible.

AbolitionistsAbolitionists

DouglasDouglas GarrisonGarrison

Underground Railroad:Underground Railroad:

Secret group of abolitionists who Secret group of abolitionists who helped runaway slaves travel to helped runaway slaves travel to CanadaCanada

Harriet Tubman- former slave Harriet Tubman- former slave helped people escape Northhelped people escape North

Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso

Amendment- to the settlement of Mexican Amendment- to the settlement of Mexican American WarAmerican War

Said no slavery allowed in land obtained Said no slavery allowed in land obtained from Mexico-from Mexico-

California, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico…California, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico… (It did not pass the Senate)(It did not pass the Senate) Crittenden Compromise (is similar)Crittenden Compromise (is similar)

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Uncle Tom’s Cabin 18521852

Abolitionist propagandaAbolitionist propaganda Harriet Beecher StoweHarriet Beecher Stowe Novel designed to create anger Novel designed to create anger

among populationamong population Novel inflamed tensions and anger Novel inflamed tensions and anger

over Slavery by both North and over Slavery by both North and SouthSouth

mapmap

CaliforniaCalifornia Popular Sovereignty- in Former Mexican landPopular Sovereignty- in Former Mexican land Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law Wilmot Proviso failsWilmot Proviso fails

Compromise of 1850:Compromise of 1850:

Clay and WebsterClay and Webster States entering the Union, CaliforniaStates entering the Union, California Compromise between Northern and Southern Compromise between Northern and Southern

powers in Congresspowers in Congress California enters the UnionCalifornia enters the Union as a free state as a free state South gets a new South gets a new Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law said said

escaped slaves could be recaptured in the escaped slaves could be recaptured in the North and that people helping slaves could be North and that people helping slaves could be prosecuted- $1000 fine and 6 months in jail.prosecuted- $1000 fine and 6 months in jail.

Slavery and Popular SovereigntySlavery and Popular Sovereignty Territories that are ready for statehood could Territories that are ready for statehood could decide if they wanted slavery decide if they wanted slavery

Fugitive Slave Law:Fugitive Slave Law:

Slaves that escape, were to be Slaves that escape, were to be arrested and returned to their arrested and returned to their ownersowners

Anyone convicted of helping a Anyone convicted of helping a fugitive slave was liable for a fine of fugitive slave was liable for a fine of $1000. and imprisonment for up to $1000. and imprisonment for up to six monthssix months

Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas Nebraska Act 1854: Very important Kansas Nebraska Act 1854: Very important Sponsored by Senator Steven Douglas of IllinoisSponsored by Senator Steven Douglas of Illinois Wanted to pass a railroad bill- had to appease Wanted to pass a railroad bill- had to appease

Southern interestsSouthern interests Repealed the Missouri Compromise- now slavery Repealed the Missouri Compromise- now slavery

would be allowed in Louisiana Purchase- if would be allowed in Louisiana Purchase- if requirements were metrequirements were met

Said that territories of Kansas and Nebraska Said that territories of Kansas and Nebraska could decide through a vote of the people if they could decide through a vote of the people if they wanted slavery or not (Popular Sovereignty)wanted slavery or not (Popular Sovereignty)

Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act

ConsequencesConsequences:: Destroys and divides the Whig partyDestroys and divides the Whig party Divides Northern Democrats- those that don’t Divides Northern Democrats- those that don’t

want the expansion of slavery leave party want the expansion of slavery leave party create an new and different Republican Partycreate an new and different Republican Party

Causes fighting in Kansas- Pro-slavery Causes fighting in Kansas- Pro-slavery factions (from Missouri) vs Anti-Slavery factions (from Missouri) vs Anti-Slavery Factions from North East (John Brown begins Factions from North East (John Brown begins there)there)

Two territorial governments are formed- one Two territorial governments are formed- one slave one free, this is a mini civil war known slave one free, this is a mini civil war known as “as “Bleeding Kansas”Bleeding Kansas”

Emergence of Republican Emergence of Republican Party Party 18541854

As people began to be more As people began to be more intolerant and sensitive to slavery intolerant and sensitive to slavery a new political party developed.a new political party developed.

Opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act and Opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act and spread of slavery in the territoriesspread of slavery in the territories

The party becomes an “umbrella The party becomes an “umbrella group” United a number of anti-group” United a number of anti-slavery groups- abolitionists, Free slavery groups- abolitionists, Free Soiliers, Whigs, Democrats, Know Soiliers, Whigs, Democrats, Know NothingsNothings

How did the How did the South receive the South receive the Dredd Scott Dredd Scott Case?Case?

Why does John Why does John Brown scare the hell Brown scare the hell out of the out of the Southerners?Southerners?

Why did the Dredd Scott Why did the Dredd Scott Case cause so much anger Case cause so much anger

in the North?in the North?

Dred Scott Case 1857Dred Scott Case 1857 Dred Scott was a slave who lived in MissouriDred Scott was a slave who lived in Missouri His owner took him to Illinois and Wisconsin and His owner took him to Illinois and Wisconsin and

back to Missouriback to Missouri Scott brought a law suit for his freedom, it went Scott brought a law suit for his freedom, it went

to the Supreme Courtto the Supreme Court He argued that he had lived in a free state and He argued that he had lived in a free state and

therefore he should be free.therefore he should be free. The (Taney) court ruled against Scott “Scott The (Taney) court ruled against Scott “Scott

lacked legal standing to sue in Federal Court lacked legal standing to sue in Federal Court because he was not, nor ever could be a citizen.”because he was not, nor ever could be a citizen.”

““Being in free territory did not make a slave free.”Being in free territory did not make a slave free.” The court cited the 5th amendment that protects The court cited the 5th amendment that protects

property, including slaves.property, including slaves.

Dredd ScottDredd Scott

Constitutional Justifications:Constitutional Justifications: US Constitution Article 4 US Constitution Article 4

section 2-section 2- “No person held “No person held to service or labor in one to service or labor in one state… escaping into another, state… escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service discharged from such service or labor…”or labor…”

US Constitution, Article 4, US Constitution, Article 4, section 3-section 3- “the Congress “the Congress shall have power to dispose shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting and regulations respecting the Territory or other the Territory or other property belonging to the property belonging to the United States…” (Dissenting United States…” (Dissenting argument)argument)

Key point:Key point: The Dred The Dred Scott Case strengthened Scott Case strengthened and expanded Slave and expanded Slave owners’ rights- owners’ rights-

Caused Caused the rejection of the rejection of all the slavery related all the slavery related compromises- now compromises- now slavery could take place slavery could take place in free states.in free states.

Why does John Brown scare Why does John Brown scare the hell out of the the hell out of the

Southerners?Southerners?

John Brown’s Raid 1859 John Brown’s Raid 1859 John Brown was a radical John Brown was a radical

abolitionistabolitionist He wanted slaves to rise He wanted slaves to rise

up and take their freedomup and take their freedom

He and 21 other, both He and 21 other, both white and black attacked white and black attacked the Federal Arsenal at the Federal Arsenal at Harpers FerryHarpers Ferry and was and was defeated, tried and defeated, tried and executedexecuted

Caused reaction both in Caused reaction both in the North and South, some the North and South, some Northerners celebrated Northerners celebrated Brown’s actionsBrown’s actions

The South became The South became outraged and convinced outraged and convinced that they could not live that they could not live safely with the North- they safely with the North- they became convinced that the became convinced that the North wanted slave North wanted slave rebellion.rebellion.

LincolnLincoln Lincoln’s Election (page 163-64)Lincoln’s Election (page 163-64) Lincoln, a Congressman from Illinois, first Lincoln, a Congressman from Illinois, first

ran for Senate against Douglas- lost- ran for Senate against Douglas- lost- Lincoln believed Slavery was Immoral Lincoln believed Slavery was Immoral Slavery in the territories should be Slavery in the territories should be

disallowed disallowed Believed slavery should be abolished with Believed slavery should be abolished with

a constitutional amendment a constitutional amendment

Lincoln Douglas Debates Lincoln Douglas Debates 18561856

He gained notoriety from the Senatorial election in Illinois He gained notoriety from the Senatorial election in Illinois (Lincoln Douglas debates)(Lincoln Douglas debates)

In those debates he put forth the idea that The concept of In those debates he put forth the idea that The concept of Equality voiced in the Declaration of Independence was meant Equality voiced in the Declaration of Independence was meant for all human beingsfor all human beings and that the government of the US should and that the government of the US should support this interpretation…support this interpretation…

PhilosophyPhilosophy EQUALITY THROUGH CONSTITUTIONAL MEANS- meant EQUALITY THROUGH CONSTITUTIONAL MEANS- meant

protecting the established order but working for change in protecting the established order but working for change in a clear, law abiding framework.a clear, law abiding framework.

Mostly an anti-expansion of slavery moderate RepublicanMostly an anti-expansion of slavery moderate Republican

Lincoln ViewLincoln View

All humans deserve freedom. “All All humans deserve freedom. “All me are born equally free. The me are born equally free. The natural right to human liberty natural right to human liberty applied to all people. Where no law applied to all people. Where no law established slavery, freedom established slavery, freedom prevailed.”prevailed.”

(Territories)(Territories)

LincolnLincoln

1860 Republicans nominated Lincoln 1860 Republicans nominated Lincoln for presidentfor president

He tried to reassure the South by He tried to reassure the South by stating, A Republican administration stating, A Republican administration would not “Interfere with their would not “Interfere with their slaves, or with them about their slaves, or with them about their slaves.”slaves.”

Election of 1860Election of 1860 Democrats split into Democrats split into

TwoTwo North- Stephen North- Stephen

Douglas- pro-Douglas- pro-compromisecompromise

South- Breckenridge- South- Breckenridge- the Southern candidatethe Southern candidate

Republican Umbrella Republican Umbrella Group:Group:

Northern Anti-Slavery Northern Anti-Slavery Democrats Democrats

Anti-Immigration Anti-Immigration “Know Nothings”“Know Nothings”

Former WhigsFormer Whigs Abolitionists Abolitionists

extremistsextremists

What factors persuaded the What factors persuaded the North to elect Republicans?North to elect Republicans? Victories by Slave Victories by Slave

Holding StatesHolding States Dread Scott DecisionDread Scott Decision Fighting in Kansas Fighting in Kansas

over Slaveryover Slavery Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Enforcement of Enforcement of

Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act

Why does the Election Why does the Election results of 1860 cause results of 1860 cause the Southern states to the Southern states to

secede?secede?

Election of 1860Election of 1860 The 37th Congress was The 37th Congress was

elected in 1860elected in 1860 RepublicansRepublicans House = 105; Senate = House = 105; Senate =

3131 DemocratsDemocrats

House = 43; Senate = 10House = 43; Senate = 10

The 38th Congress in The 38th Congress in 18621862

RepublicansRepublicansHouse = 102; Senate = House = 102; Senate = 3636

DemocratsDemocrats House = 75; Senate = 9House = 75; Senate = 9

Secession CrisisSecession Crisis Southern states fearing the end of slavery and Southern states fearing the end of slavery and

the limitations of their rights as states, decide to the limitations of their rights as states, decide to leave the Union and created their own leave the Union and created their own governmentgovernment

First to go:First to go: South Carolina Dec. 1860South Carolina Dec. 1860 MississippiMississippi FloridaFlorida AlabamaAlabama GeorgiaGeorgia LouisianaLouisiana Texas…Texas…

Buchanan, 15Buchanan, 15thth President President Buchanan was weak, an apologist for the South Buchanan was weak, an apologist for the South  ““The south was in no real danger because Lincoln would The south was in no real danger because Lincoln would

be restrained by Congress.  The president would have to be restrained by Congress.  The president would have to follow the dictates of the federal courts, which sustained follow the dictates of the federal courts, which sustained slavery in the territories and the fugitive slave law.”slavery in the territories and the fugitive slave law.”

If the South did secede, the president lacked the If the South did secede, the president lacked the constitutional power to stop it.constitutional power to stop it.

   Perhaps a constitutional convention to pass an amendment Perhaps a constitutional convention to pass an amendment

protecting slavery in any state that now had or should later protecting slavery in any state that now had or should later want it would calm things… would help.want it would calm things… would help.

Northern DemocratsNorthern Democrats said: said: ““If a state secedes, it is revolution and the If a state secedes, it is revolution and the

seceders are traitors. Those who are charged seceders are traitors. Those who are charged with the executive branch of government are with the executive branch of government are recreant to their oaths if they fail to use all recreant to their oaths if they fail to use all lawful means to put down such rebellion”lawful means to put down such rebellion”

Some senators looked back to Andrew Jackson, Some senators looked back to Andrew Jackson, regarding the South Carolina nullification issue, regarding the South Carolina nullification issue, “By the eternal, I will hang them.”“By the eternal, I will hang them.”

““Oh for one hour of Jackson!”Oh for one hour of Jackson!”

Lincoln Before Inauguration wrote Lincoln Before Inauguration wrote privately after the election explaining privately after the election explaining

he would:he would:

Not interfere with slavery where it existed Not interfere with slavery where it existed Would favor the end of opposition to the fugitive slave Would favor the end of opposition to the fugitive slave

law law Had no intention of using the power over interstate Had no intention of using the power over interstate

commerce to touch slavery commerce to touch slavery He desperately wanted to avert a conflict;He desperately wanted to avert a conflict;

He said, “Each and all of the states will be left in as He said, “Each and all of the states will be left in as complete control of their own affairs respectively and complete control of their own affairs respectively and at as perfect liberty to choose, employ, their own at as perfect liberty to choose, employ, their own means of preserving and protecting property, and means of preserving and protecting property, and preserving peace and order…”preserving peace and order…”

He and others both North and South Democrats He and others both North and South Democrats wanted one more compromise.wanted one more compromise.

Moderate Republicans helped negotiate with moderate Moderate Republicans helped negotiate with moderate Southern and Northern DemocratsSouthern and Northern Democrats

Crittenden Compromise:Crittenden Compromise: Slavery within the states to be protected from Slavery within the states to be protected from

national government interferencenational government interference The revival of the Missouri Compromise line The revival of the Missouri Compromise line

363630’- extended to the Pacific30’- extended to the Pacific No interference with interstate slave tradeNo interference with interstate slave trade Slaveholders who lost runaways to Northern Slaveholders who lost runaways to Northern

states to be compensatedstates to be compensated Attempt was made to reassure the south and Attempt was made to reassure the south and

protect slaveryprotect slavery RepublicansRepublicans don’t allow it. Compromise was don’t allow it. Compromise was

dead.dead.

Last Word From LincolnLast Word From Lincoln

However, Lincoln would not compromise on However, Lincoln would not compromise on the issues of the issues of Expansion of SlaveryExpansion of Slavery and he and he clearly made a concerted commitment to the clearly made a concerted commitment to the concept of concept of equalityequality and associate this with and associate this with African Americans!:African Americans!:

“ “ Let there be no compromise on the question Let there be no compromise on the question of extending slavery.”of extending slavery.”

““There is no possible compromise upon it… There is no possible compromise upon it… hold firm as with a chain of steel.”hold firm as with a chain of steel.”

“ “ I will be inflexible on the territorial question, I will be inflexible on the territorial question, I am for fighting again- that is all.”I am for fighting again- that is all.”

Southerners were correct that he intended to Southerners were correct that he intended to reverse slavery in the territories.reverse slavery in the territories.

End of CompromiseEnd of Compromise

““All hope of relief in the union, All hope of relief in the union, through the agency of committees, through the agency of committees, Congressional legislation or Congressional legislation or constitutional amendments is constitutional amendments is extinguished.”extinguished.”