SS8H6aExplain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War;
include slavery, states’ rights, nullification, Missouri Compromise,
Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred
Scott case, election of 1860, the debate over secession in Georgia, and
the role of Alexander Stephens.
Concept:Conflict and Change
Individuals and GroupsRule of Law
CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR PAGE 41 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H6a
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow did the following issues and
events cause the Civil War?- slavery - states’ rights
- Nullification - Missouri Compromise
- Compromise of 1850 - Kansas/Nebraska Act
- Dred Scott case - Election of 1860
- Debate over secession - Alexander Stephens
How did the following issues and events cause
the Civil War?
STATES’ RIGHTS
This phrase refers to individual states being sovereign (or having the right to govern itself). According to the 10th amendment of the constitution…
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
Basically, states wanted to follow their own laws, and they did not want the federal government (United States) to overrule state laws.
STATES’ RIGHTS
The main issue over states’ rights involved the institution of slavery. Southern states feared that Congress would pass laws eventually outlawing the practice of slavery, which would hurt the southern agricultural economic way of life involving the growing of cotton and tobacco on large plantations.
SLAVERY
When the Georgia Trustees first envisioned their colonial experiment in the early 1730s, they sought to avoid the slave-based plantation economy that had developed in other colonies in the American South. The allure of profits from slavery, however, proved to be too powerful for white Georgia settlers to resist. By the era of the American Revolution (1775-83), African slaves constituted nearly half of Georgia's colonial population. Although the Revolution fostered the growth of an antislavery movement in the northern states, white Georgia landowners fiercely maintained their commitment to slavery even as the war disrupted the plantation economy. In subsequent decades slavery would play an ever-increasing role in Georgia's shifting plantation economy. - New Georgia Encyclopedia
SLAVERY
• By the 1790s entrepreneurs were perfecting new mechanized cotton gins, the most famous of which was invented by Eli Whitney on a Savannah River plantation owned by Catharine Greene in 1793. This technological advance presented Georgia planters with a staple crop that could be grown over much of the state. As early as the 1780s white politicians in Georgia were working to acquire and to distribute fertile western lands controlled by the Creek Indians, a process that continued in the nineteenth century with the expulsion of the Cherokees. By the 1830s cotton plantations had spread across most of the state.
– New Georgia Encyclopedia
SLAVERY
• Although slavery played a dominant economic and political role in Georgia, most white Georgians did not own slaves. In 1860 less than one-third of Georgia's adult white male population of 132,317 were slaveholders. Slaveholders controlled not only the best land and the vast majority of personal property in the state but also the state political system. In 1850 and 1860 more than two-thirds of all state legislators were slaveholders. More striking, almost a third of the state legislators were planters. Hence, even without the cooperation of nonslaveholding white male voters, Georgia slaveholders could dictate the state's political path. - New Georgia Encyclopedia
Kentlaw.edu
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
In 1819, the United States was divided equally with 11 free states and 11 slave states. People living in the Missouri Territory applied for statehood as a slave state, but Congress did not approve because there would be an imbalance of power. Think back to the Senate where 2 senators represent each states. If Missouri was allowed to be a slave state then there would be 24 US senators coming from slave states and 22 from non-slave states. Slave states would have an advantage when trying to pass or keep from passing certain laws.
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
To keep a balance in the US Congress, a compromise was made to allow Maine to be admitted to the Union as a free state while Missouri was added to the United States as a slave state. Also part of the compromise was that slavery would be outlawed north of the 36th degree line of latitude.
NULLIFICATION CRISIS
• The United States Congress passed the tariff of 1828 in order to increase the price of foreign goods so that the same goods manufactured in the north would be cheaper in price. This helped northern businesses, but people in the south were having to pay more for a product that was their second choice since their first choice (foreign product) is now more expensive because of the tariff (tax) added to the cost.
• Southerners felt this unconstitutional and that they should not have to pay the tariff. South Carolina threatened to leave the union if the tariffs were not repealed.
COMPROMISE OF 1850
Just like the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850 involved slavery. To keep balance in the US government California became a free state and Texas was added as a slave state. But the states still argued over the issue of slavery in the nation’s capital as well as the problem of runaway slaves in the south. Southern states threatened to leave the Union in order to preserve slavery and states’ rights in the South.
GEORGIA PLATFORM
Georgians met at the state capital in Milledgeville to discuss the Compromise of 1850. Representative Alexander Stephens supported the Compromise of 1850 because he did not want Georgia to secede from the Union. He felt Georgia and the southern states had too much too lose if they seceded and lost a Civil War. Georgia helped prevent war and secession.
COMPROMISE OF 1850
As part of the Compromise of 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act. This law said that slaves could not become free once they entered into free states. Instead, slaves were to be returned to the slave states and anyone helping a slave to freedom faced fines and imprisonment. This angered northerners who disagreed with slavery. The other part of the 1850 Compromise was that slave trading became illegal in Washington D.C.
KANSAS – NEBRASKA ACT
In 1854, Congress allowed the people living in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to vote on the issue of slavery. This is known as popular sovereignty. The Republican Party was created because it did not like this act because it repealed the Missouri Compromise which stated that slavery was not allowed north of the 36th line of latitude. Kansas would become a free state.
DRED SCOT COURT CASE
Dred Scott was a slave from the slave state of Missouri who traveled with his master Dr. John Emerson to the free state of Illinois. Dred Scott eventually tried to sue for his freedom since he believed that he could not be a slave in a free state. The Supreme Court did not rule in his favor. Instead, the Supreme Court decided that Dred Scott could not sue in court because slaves were not citizens, therefore, he had no rights. The Court also allowed slaves to be taken to free states b/c they were property of their masters. The ruling was a victory for southern slave owners, while abolitionists in the north disagreed.
ELECTION OF 1860
For decades the arguments about slavery have been growing louder between people who live in the Northern states and people who live in the Southern states. Northerners believe slavery should be abolished for moral reasons. Southerners feel the end of slavery will destroy their region’s rural economy. Many in the South think the election of Northerner Abraham Lincoln to be president of the United States will be a serious blow to their way of life.
- Bentley Boyd chestercomix
WHAT DID ABRAHAM
LINCOLN DO TO BECOME SUCH A
FAMOUS AMERICAN IN
UNITED STATES HISTORY?
DEBATE OVER SECESSION
• Lincoln’s victory in the 1860 presidential election caused southern states to hold conventions on whether or not they should secede from the Union in order to protect the legalization of slavery in their states.
• South Carolina became the 1st state to secede from the Union, while Georgia became the 5th state to secede.
WHAT MESSAGE IS THIS PRIMARY SOURCE POLITICAL CARTOON TYRING TO CONVEY?
ROLE OF ALEXANDER STEPHENS
Alexander Stephens was a U.S. Representative from Georgia who was PRO-slavery, but he was against Secession. When Georgia held a convention to decide on secession Alexander Stephens argued against it by saying the South should remain loyal to the Union. He believed that if the South seceded then a Civil War would break out and if the South lost then they would lose their states’ rights, especially the right to keep slavery legal.
ROLE OF ALEXANDER STEPHENS
Despite Alexander Stephens and his words of caution, Georgia decided to secede anyway. Those states in the south that seceded created the Confederate States of America, a separate country. Alexander Stephens was persuaded to become the vice-president of the C.S.A., most likely to appeal to southerners that were just like him – wanted to keep slavery, but really didn’t want to leave the union. This would help keep the southern states united.
SS8H6bState the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, the
Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union
blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign,
Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.
Concept:Conflict and Change
Individuals and GroupsRule of Law
THE CIVIL WAR PAGE 42 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H6b
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONWhat role did the following events
play in the Civil War?- Antietam - Emancipation
Proclamation
- Gettysburg - Chickamauga
- Union blockade - Sherman’s Atlanta campaign
- Sherman’s March - Andersonville
Andersonville
Sherman’s March
to the Sea
Sherman’s Atlanta
Campaign
Chickamauga
Gettysburg
EmancipationProclamation
Antietam
Union Blockade
What role did the following events play in the Civil War?
FORT SUMTER, SOUTH CAROLINA
Legendsofamerica.com
BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
WHAT ARE THE COSTS OF WAR?
“This photograph shows Abraham Lincoln on the Battlefield of Antietam. The battle of Antietam
was the bloodiest day in American History. More
Americans lost their lives in one day of fighting
than in all previous wars combined. To the left of
Mr. Lincoln is Allan Pinkerton, later famous
for creating the Pinkerton detective agency. To the
right is Major General John A. McClernand.”
old-pictures.com
WHAT IS THE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION?
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
Confederate soldiers: southwestern edge of the Rosewoods – Gettysburg Pennsylvania
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
SS8H6bState the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, the
Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union
blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign,
Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.
Concept:Conflict and Change
Individuals and GroupsRule of Law
Andersonville
Sherman’s March
to the Sea
Sherman’s Atlanta
Campaign
Chickamauga
Gettysburg
EmancipationProclamation
Antietam
Union Blockade
What role did the following events play in the Civil War?
Hmmm…If I could take
Atlanta…
ANDERSONVILLE PRISON
UNION SOLDIER WHO SURVIVED
SS8H6cAnalyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states,
emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming;
Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution;
Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan.
Concept:Conflict and Change
Individuals and GroupsRule of Law
RECONSTRUCTION PAGE 44 IN GEORGIA JOURNAL SS8H6c
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow did the South change during
the Reconstruction period?- Freedmen’s Bureau - Reconstruction Plans
- Sharecropping / tenant - 13th Amendment
- 14th Amendment - 15th Amendment
- Henry McNeal Turner - Ku Klux Klan
KuKluxKlan
Henry McNealTurner
15th
Amendment
14th
Amendment
13th Amendment
ReconstructionPlans
Freedmen’sBureau
SharecroppingTenant Farming
How did the South change
during the Reconstruction
period?
How?
University of Georgia Louisville, Georgia Baptists and Methodists
Wikimedia.orggeorgiaencyclopedia.org
flocabulary.comphschool.com
emmitsburg.netamazing-planet.net
wright.edu
John Brown slave narrativehttp://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/jbrown/
jbrown.html
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cas.buffalo.edu/classes/eng/willbern/BestSellers/Beloved/
gettysburg.JPG&imgrefurl=http://cas.buffalo.edu/classes/eng/willbern/BestSellers/Beloved/
slavechrono.htm&usg=__igzwH8jqfzqHjaeDXpXqXvliQ2M=&h=640&w=516&sz=148&hl=en&start=87&um=1&tbnid=nEod7wqQ7TVnA
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timelime