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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R O B I O L O G Y a n i n t r o d u c t i o n ninth edition TORTORA FUNKE CASE Part A 13 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
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Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Jan 01, 2016

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13. Viruses, Viroids, and Prions. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). Table 13.1. Viruses. Contain DNA or RNA Contain a protein coat Some are enclosed by an envelope Most viruses infect only specific types of cells in one host. Viruses. Figure 13.1. Helical Viruses. Figure 13.4a–b. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case

M I C R O B I O L O G Ya n i n t r o d u c t i o n

ninth edition TORTORA FUNKE CASE

Part A13Viruses, Viroids,

and Prions

Page 2: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

Page 3: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 13.1

Page 4: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Contain DNA or RNA

Contain a protein coat

Some are enclosed by an envelope

Most viruses infect only specific types of cells

in one host

Viruses

Page 5: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Viruses

Figure 13.1

Page 6: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Helical Viruses

Figure 13.4a–b

Page 7: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Polyhedral Viruses

Figure 13.2a–b

Page 8: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Enveloped Viruses

Figure 13.3

Page 9: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Complex Viruses

Figure 13.5a

Page 10: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Viral Taxonomy

Family names end in -viridae.

Genus names end in -virus.

Viral species: A group of viruses sharing the same

genetic information and ecological niche (host).

Common names are used for species.

Subspecies are designated by a number.

Page 11: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Viral Taxonomy

Herpesviridae

Simplexvirus

Human herpes virus

HHV-1, HHV-2, HHV-3

Retroviridae

Lentivirus

Human

immunodeficiency virus

HIV-1, HIV-2

Page 12: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Growing Viruses

Viruses must be

grown in living

cells.

Bacteriophages

form plaques on

a lawn of

bacteria.

Figure 13.6

Page 13: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Growing Viruses

Animal viruses may

be grown in living

animals or in

embryonated eggs.

Figure 13.7

Page 14: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Growing Viruses

Animal and plants viruses may be grown in cell culture.

Continuous cell lines may be maintained indefinitely.

Figure 13.8

Page 15: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Virus Identification

Figure 13.9

The cytopathic effect of viruses

Page 16: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Virus Identification

Cytopathic effects

Serological tests

Detect antibodies against viruses in a patient.

Nucleic acids

PCR

Page 17: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Multiplication of Bacteriophages (Lytic Cycle)

Attachment

Penetration

Biosynthesis

Maturation

Release

Page 18: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

1

2

3

Figure 13.11, steps 1–3, 6–7

Page 19: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4

Figure 13.11, steps 4–5, 8

Page 20: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

One-Step Growth Curve

Figure 13.10

Page 21: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Lytic cycle: Phage causes lysis and death of host cell.

Lysogenic cycle: Prophage DNA incorporated in host

DNA.

Two Possible Life Cycles

Page 22: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Lysogenic Cycle

Figure 13.12

Page 23: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Bacterial Toxins Resulting from Phage Genes

Scarlet Fever – Streptococci

Botulism – Clostridium Botulinum

Cholera – Vibrio cholerae

Page 24: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2

3

4

5

6

Specialized Transduction

Figure 13.13

Page 25: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Multiplication of Animal viruses

Attachment

Penetration

Uncoating

Biosynthesis

Maturation

Release by budding (enveloped viruses) or rupture.