Vattenfall Heat Uppsala · 2016-09-09 · 2 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, health and environment 2015 Safety, health and environment 2015 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 3 Your local heat

Safety, health and environment 2015

Vattenfall Heat Uppsala

Safety, health and environment 2015Safety, health and environment 20152 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 3Vattenfall Heat Uppsala

Your local heat supplier

Vattenfall Heat Uppsala is a local supplier of heating, steam and cooling. At the same time we generate electricity and take care of combustible waste so it does not have to be sent to landfill. It is resource efficient to utilize waste as a fuel, since it replace other fuels such as peat, wood and oil.

Energy recovery servicesSweden has made great progress the last 10 years when it comes to how we handle our household waste. We have been able to close most of our landfills for combustible waste and instead use the waste as an energy source.

The waste management hierarchy in the EU shows us how we can use products and materials the best way: first is waste prevention and thereafter re-use, recycling, energy recovery and the last step is disposal.

The whole world needs to do this journey for the environment. More than a third of the household waste in Europe, 72 million tonnes per year, is still being sent to landfills. Many countries do not have waste-to-energy plants and district heating networks to be able to utilise the energy in waste, this means there is a great need for waste incineration in Europe. Sweden is selling energy recovery, not importing waste, for 1.4 million tonnes of sorted combustible waste used as fuel for district heating and electricity generation. As our Swedish waste-to-energy plants are connected to district heating networks, we can use waste as a resource with high efficiency. So compared with landfilling, import to Sweden is a better option.

Good environmental results and a safe workplaceThe emissions of carbon dioxide and acidifying sub-stances, such as nitrogen oxides and sulphur, were low during 2015 as can be seen on page 5 and 6. By choosing one or both of products Carbon dioxide neutral Heating and/or Cooling our customers helped to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide with more than 10 000 tonnes during 2015.

Work environment and safety is also very important. We are proud of the fact that not one serious accident occurred during 2015 and we constantly work on improving our safety at the workplace. For preventive

safety work to be successful it is important to get information on all incidents that have occurred. Read more on page 12 and about our objectives on page 17.

The important district heating networkOur most important asset is the one under the ground. Our distribution pipes for district heating, and the separate pipes for district cooling, are hidden under the ground, and are only visible when we are working on repairs and maintenance. Like our customers, we work continually to reduce our energy consumption. For instance we aim to discover leakages as early as possible with the help of alarm wires in the insulation around the piping. The wires gives signals showing when and where the insulation is exposed to a water leakage from a broken pipe. Even a small hole in the surface if a pipe results in a large water loss over time. Since the total area of the leaching holes on the pipes in the district heating network amounts to the size of a fingernail, leakages are not so easily found.

Development and cooperationThere are many exciting possibilities for development of district heating. We can provide some steps, like replacing peat with wood in our plants, while other steps are best made together with the city. We have taken part in the Uppsala Climate Protocol since the start, and now more than 30 organizations have joined. A new project, The Hunt for Plastics, wants to draw attention to the issue of plastics – does it have to be made from oil, when other parts of society are moving away from fossil resources? Plastics can be made from renewable resources and be recycled several times, before finally being used as an energy resource. Try asking for plastic from renewable resources next time you buy something made of plastic. If we start now, the change will come faster!

Management system for safety, health and the environment, as well as energy and quality

Our management systems give structure to our work. As several areas border on each other, it can therefore be advantageous to have an integrated management system for safety, health and the environment as well as energy and quality. The diagram shows our management system with the elements of our everyday activities that are planned, managed and followed up. The management system is constantly being developed in order to better achieve our goal of reducing our environmental impact including energy use and improving safety and the work environment, as well as the quality for our customers using our waste incineration services.

Our integrated management system is certified in accordance with environmental management standard ISO 14001 and registered in accordance with EMAS. This means that the environmental report is audited by an independent environmental auditor. The system is also health & safety certified according to OHSAS 18001, which is the international standard for work environment. We were the first power company in Sweden with an energy management system certified according to ISO 50001. The quality system for waste incineration is ISO 9001 certified.

Situation analysis

Policy

Legislation and other requirementsManagement review

Aspects/risks/energy surveys

SHM reporting

Action planInternal audit

Objectives and objective programme

Noncompliance

Training and skillsDocumentation

Monitoring and measurement

CommunicationsSafety and protection

Operations Operation and maintenance Purchasing Contractors Chemicals

Organisation

Environmental auditorIntertek is one of SWEDAC’s accredited environmental auditors under EMAS (No. 1639). Vattenfall Heat Uppsala’s environmentalmanagement system complies with ISO 14001. Intertek has audited the environmental sections of the report and found them tobe accurate and sufficiently detailed to meet the requirements in EMAS. EMAS registration number SE-000224. The registrationincludes the plants in Uppsala: the combined heat and power (CHP) plant, waste incineration, Bolandsverket, the gas turbine,Husbyborgsverket, Stallangsverket, the absorption cooling plants in Ultuna and Angstrom, and the distribution network, plus the Knivsta and Storvreta plants and distribution networks.

Vattenfall Heat Uppsala heats the city of Uppsala with district heating. We also produce

and distribute district cooling and steam. Combined heat and power (CHP) produces electricity and heat at the same time, which is an efficient use of resources and therefore leads to a reduced

impact on the environment.

Preface 3Our products 4Air emissions 5Operations in Uppsala 6Fuel mix in Uppsala 7Facilities in Uppsala 8Knivsta – almost exclusively carbon neutral heating 9Operations in Storvreta 10Fuel and ash 11District heating in Sweden 12We are working towards improved safety and health 13We are working to reduce our impact on the environment 14Emissions and environmental demands 16Our objectives within safety, health and the environment 17Environmental glossary 19

Content

Read more about district heating at vattenfall.se

Adrian Berg von LindeBusiness development Vattenfall Heat Sweden

Johan SiilakkaPlant manager Uppsala


Cooled district heating water 40 –60°C goes back to the plant to be reheated.

Heated water from the district heating plant 75–120°C.

Cold water from the water company.

Hot water.

The building’s heat exchangerIn the heat exchanger, the district heating is transferred to the building’s heating system. The two water systems are entirely separate from each other.

The district heating water heatsthe tapwater and shower water.

Heat exchanger

The building’s heating systemWater is pumped round the property’s closed heating system. It is heated in the heat exchanger by the district heating water.

Radiator-

Air emissions from the facilities in Uppsala

Carbon dioxide that affects the climate During 2015 our carbon dioxide emissions de-creased compared with 2014. The dotted line in the diagram shows our long term plan for achieving carbon-neutral production by 2030. The measures mainly consist of an increased admixture of wood until such time as peat can be replaced by wood fuels. The peat-fired hot water boiler will be converted to wood-firing during 2018. Our peat-fired CHP boiler will be replaced with a new boiler using different kinds of wood fuel.

We are offering our customers the opportunity to contribute to reduced CO2 emissions, in addition to the budgeted decrease, by choosing our Carbon Neutral Heating product and/or our Carbon Neutral Cooling product. Sale of these products reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 10,143 tonnes in 2015, compared to projections if no customers had chosen this offer. You can read more about these products on page 6 and on our website.

Acidifying substancesNitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) account for the greatest part of our acidifying emissions, and during 2015 we continued our performance with low emissions. Our plants take part in the national system for nitrogen oxide emissions. Our total emissions are 138 tonnes which is 81 mg NOx per produced kWh. This is well below the average for Sweden which is 159 mg/kWh for power plants and 144 m/kWh for waste incineration.

DustDust emissions for 2015 were at the same low level as in recent years. Historically the reduction from 2005 onwards has been due to reduced peat-firing and increased waste incineration. The waste incineration plant has the most extensive flue gas cleaning of all our production plants. Waste is the fuel that contains the most heavy metals. It is therefore important to achieve good performance for this flue gas cleaning and the plant surpasses the current environmental demands by a good margin, see page 16.

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District heating is our main productDistrict heating is distributed to households and other premises by transporting hot water in well-insulated pipes under high pressure to a central district heating unit in each property. The central unit contains a heat exchanger that utilises the hot water to heat up the building’s radiators and the hot water in the taps. The cooled district heating water is fed back to the district heating plant to be reheated and pumped out into the district heating system again. District heating is flexible as a number of different fuels can be used. By using waste incineration, this utilises resources that would otherwise be lost. District heating provides a secure supply and frees up space in the home. Customers havelow maintenance costs and can obtain help rapidly if needed.

District coolingDistrict cooling is based on the same principle as district heating, but with cold water. It replaces a large number of local cooling equipment and there are numerous environmental benefits. Above all, it entails reduced electricity consumption and leakage of coolants into the atmosphere. It also means that there is no noise from local machinery. In the summer, we have spare capacity at the waste incineration plant as Uppsala’s heat requirements decrease. We are then able to use the existing plant to produce district cooling. We can offer local solutions for customers that do not have access to our district cooling network. For example, cooling can be produced using district heating in what is known as an absorption refrigerator.

SteamIn Uppsala we also have a separate network for steam for industrial premises. The steam is used in processes such as producing chemical reactions and sterilising.

ElectricityWe produce both district heating and electricity simultaneously with a high level of efficiency, an example of good utilisation of resources. The electricity we generate is not sold directly to end customers, but is included as a part of Vattenfall’s total electricity generation.

Incineration servicesCombustible waste that can no longer be reused or recycled for materials should not go to landfill, but rather should go to waste incineration. The waste is processed and the energy in it is converted to district heating, electricity, district cooling and steam. We can even accept special types of waste, e.g. confidential documents in the form of paper and DVDs, etc. as well as hazardous waste, e.g. hospital waste.

Our products


Fuel supplyOur mixture of fuels has changed over the years. We were entirely dependent on oil in the early 1980s. Since then, oil has been actively replaced, mainly by waste and peat. In the future, peat will be replaced by wood.

Uppsala s heat requirements govern productionThere is a big difference between Uppsala’s heat requirements during summer and winter and we adapt our production accordingly. The bar chart shows the usage of different plants during a normal year. The waste incineration plant heats Uppsala throughout the year, but during the winter the CHP plant is also needed.

Fuel mix in Uppsala

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Operations in Uppsala

We report our carbon dioxide emissions using two different systems, as previously in accordance with the ETS emissions trading system and also in accordance with the Värmemarknadskommittén (Swedish Heating Market Committee) (VMK). The latter report is pre-sented in more detail on the Swedish District Heating Association website, svenskfjarrvarme.se. This data includes not only carbon dioxide emissions from the plant but also templates for the emissions of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide, con-verted into CO₂-equivalents. An emissions factor has also been added for the electricity that is purchased for the plant. Emissions are distributed between district heating and electricity produced using what is known as the Alternative Production Method. In brief, this means that more emissions are credited to the electricity compared with the heat produced at the same time, as alternative methods to generate electricity would require more fuel. For peat we use data controlled in the system for emissions trading, but he Swedish District Heating Association uses other templates.

Included in emissions trading for carbon dioxideOur plants are covered by the EU’s emissions trading scheme for carbon dioxide. For Sweden, waste incineration plants are included in the trading period which began in 2013.

We also offer Carbon Neutral Heating and CoolingWe offer larger customers a solution consisting of district heating and cooling from our waste incineration plant in Uppsala that is compensated for carbon dioxide. District heating and cooling is carbon neutral as we compensate for the proportion of the waste that is not renewable, i.e. the fossil-based plastic in the waste. We do this by increasing the amount of biomass in our total fuel mix, over and above the amount that is already planned*. Our basic plan is to increase the proportion of biomass every year, and sales of Carbon Neutral Heating and Cooling mean that the proportion of biomass is further increased. If customers choose Carbon Neutral Heating and/or Cooling they can join us in reducing carbon dioxide emissions even quicker than planned for Uppsala. See page 5.

The proportion of renewables in the fuel mix for districtheating is 69 percent with peat counted as (slowly) renewable. If peat is not included it is 50 percent. Waste is counted here as 60 percent renewable in terms of energy, the remainder is then non-renewable, in other words, plastic with fossil origins.

Key figures1 for delivered district heating,in kg/MWh = g/kWh 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011

CO2 (ETS) 182 197 226 206 223

CO2 (VMK) 136 181 235 216 254

NO 0,09 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,15

SO2 0,15 0,17 0,21 0,14 0,22

1The emissions reported do not include the district heating and district cooling volumes produced from waste that is covered by customer-specific agreements (Carbon Neutral Heating).

*Compensation is limited to the carbon dioxide emissions directly associated with our district heating production.

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District heating (1,251 GWh)

Electricity (netto, 114 GWh)

Process steam (105 GWh)

District cooling (41 GWh)

61 % Waste (1,089 GWh)

6 % Wood (112 GWh)

3 % Oil (51 GWh)3 % Waste heat (46 GWh)

8 % Electricity (144 GWh)

19 % Peat (337 GWh)

Efficiency:96 % Conversion89 % Distribution Total efficiency 85 %

Deliveries of 15 GWh of coolingwere also supplied using ”islandsolutions”, i.e. independent of the district cooling network.


Knivsta – almost carbon neutral heating

In Knivsta, south of Uppsala, we supply district heating produced from biomass using our heating plant and district heating distribution network. The heating plant has two biomass-fuelled furnaces of 8 and 15 MW respectively, and oil boilers for back-up and peak load. The fuel that is used is wood residues like branches and tops, wood chips and bark. An impressive 99 percent of the fuel for the plant is biomass, which means that district heating in Knivsta is largely carbon-neutral. Knivsta has had district heating since 1976, and we have about 700 customers here. Our customers include both large buildings – such as schools and blocks of flats – and small buildings, such as single-family homes.

Solid fuel furnaces

Product: District heating

Capacity and fuel: 8+15 MW wood chips, wood residues and bark

Flue-gas cleaning: Dust – electro-filters

Oil boilers Peak load and back-up


Capacity and fuel: 14 MW light oil

The plant in Knivsta

Facilities in Uppsala

Distribution network District heating and district cooling are distributed to the heating and cooling systems in the form of hot and cold water circulating in closed pipe systems. Our district heating network is 460 km long, and the district cooling network is 14 km long. We also have a 7 km network for steam.

Accumulators In order to meet the fluctuations in demand for district heating, there is a hot water accumulator inside the production area in Boländerna which holds 30,000 m3, providing 1,200 MWh of energy (100 MW) to the district heating network.

There is also an accumulator for the district cooling network, which is located at Stallängsverket and is clearly visible from Kungsängsleden. It is 3,000 m3, 30 MWh and can supply 10 MW.

Waste incineration

Products: District heating, electricity, steam and district cooling.

Capacity and fuel: Total of 170 MW heat + 10 MW electricity+ 11 MW cooling, with 55 tonnes of waste per hour.

Flue-gas cleaning: Nitrogen oxides – urea and ammonia injection and catalytic converters.

Dust – electro-filters and fabric filters.

Sulphur and hydrochloric acid – flue gas scrubber/condensation with energy recovery and fabric filter with limestone additive.

Organic substances – fabric filters with active charcoal.

Cleaning of flue gas condensate through limestone additive and complexing agent for heavy metals, then precipitation stage plus sand and charcoal filters.

Gas turbine Backup for electricity generation.

Product: Electricity for starting the CHP plant in the case of electrical power cut.

Capacity and fuel: 16 MW electricity, light oil.

Flue-gas cleaning: Additive in the oil results in less particle formation through more complete combustion.

The CHP plant

Products: District heating and electricity.

Capacity and fuel: 235 MW heating and 120 MW electricity with 80 tonnes of peat/wood briquettes per hour. Oil and coal are used as back-up fuels.

Flue-gas cleaning: Sulphur – limestone additive in furnace and wet stage, before fabric filter.

Nitrogen oxides – urea and ammonia injection and catalytic converters.


Boland plant Products: District heating and electricity.

Capacity and fuel: Peat-fuelled hot-water furnace (HVC) 100 MW, electric furnace 10 and 50 MW (steam back-up), oil furnaces 4 x 75 MW (back-up).

Flue-gas cleaning Sulphur – limestone additive in HVC: furnace.

Nitrogen oxides – urea injection.


Husbyborg unit Peak load and production back-up.

Product: District heating.

Capacity and fuel: Oil-fuelled hot-water furnaces 3 x 50 MW.

Stallängsverket Heat pump facility located at Uppsala’s sewage works.

Products: District heating and district cooling.

Capacity: 3 x 15 MW heating and 3 x 8 MW cooling from electricity and waste heat.

Cooling plant Located at Ultuna Campus.Ultuna

Product: District cooling.

Capacity: District heat-driven absorption refrigeration 1.5 MW, cooling tower 1 MW, compression refrigerating machines 1.3 MW.

Cooling plant Located at Angstrom laboratory.Ångström

Product: District cooling.

Capacity: District heat-driven absorption refrigeration 2.5 MW, cooling tower 2.7 MW, compression refrigerating machines 8 MW.

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Efficiency:84 % Conversion80 % Distribution

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96% Biofuel (66,0 GWh)

1 % Oil (0,9 GWh)

Heat loss arises during both production and distribution. Smaller district heating networks and networks with many single family home customers have lower efficiency than larger distribution networks.

Key figures for delivered district heating, kg/MWh = g/kWh

2015 2014 2013 2012

CO2 (ETS) 5 5 15 7

CO2 (VMK) 19 18 – –

NO 0,36 0,34 0,37 0,42

SO2 0,18 0,26 0,26 0,26

The carbon dioxide emissions are reported according to two different systems, as previously in accordancewith the ETS emissions trading system and also in accor-dance with the Värmemarknadskommittén (SwedishHeating Market Committee) (VMK). The latter report is presented in more detail on the Swedish District HeatingAssociation website, svenskfjarrvarme.se. This data includes not only carbon dioxide emissions from the plantbut also templates for the emissions of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide, converted into CO2equivalents. An emissions factor has also been added for the electricity that is purchased for the plant.

3 % Electricity for pumps andfans, etc. (2,0 GWh)

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Fuel and ashFuels in UppsalaThe waste is composed of 50 percent household waste and 50 percent industrial waste. The majority of the waste comes from Uppland, Södermanland and Västmanland, but 29 percent was imported 2015 from Great Britain, Ireland, Norway and Aland.

The peat comes in the form of briquettes from Härjedalen and Belarus. The peat fuel is mixed with wood pellets and wood briquettes.

Coal and oil act as back-up fuels in case of delivery problems with the normal fuel or unavailability in theordinary installations. Oil may also be needed for peak load during the very coldest winter days.

More than one kind of ashAsh from waste incineration

Waste incineration produces two different types of ash, as well as sludge from water treatment. The first type of ash is bottom ash from the furnaces, also called slag. The metals in the slag are sorted out and sent for recycling. The remaining ash is sorted into two different sizes. The fine fraction is used as a sealant and the coarse fraction is used as a drainage layer when covering landfills.

The other type of ash is fly ash from the flue-gas cleaning. This ash contains material separated from the flue gases and is not suitable for roads, etc. Instead, it is handled at a special land fill site for hazardous waste.

There are also wet cleaning stages for the flue gases. The water from these cleaning stages is treated in a process which includes the addition of an organic sulphide, which binds heavy metals. The impurities are precipitated as a sludge, which is sent to a hazardous waste deposit site. This means that the heavy metals that make their way into the installation via waste are removed from circulation in society. In order for the quantity of heavy metals in waste to be reduced, products must be manufactured without them, or those who use items such as batteries and low-energybulbs must recycle them carefully, so that they are not disposed of with combustible waste.

Ash from peat-burning

Peat produces ash that is ideal for constructing roads and other surfaces. We have forest roads in Uppsala and a jogging circuit in Storvreta where peat ash is used as construction material. The approach ramp in Librobäck recycling station is made of peat ash. There are also projects where the peat ash replaces cement, which saves one kilo of carbon dioxide emissions per kilo of replaced cement. One of the reasons that ashes from peat can be used in this way is because lime is added in the combustion process in order to bind sulphur. The lime content in the ash makes it hard, but simultaneously light.

Operations in Storvreta

– almost no oil in 2015

In Storvreta north of Uppsala, we supplied heating generated from wood as fuel in 2015. Almost no oil was needed. The heating plant has two 2 MW furnaces fuelled with biomass fuel and an oil furnace in Ärentuna school forback-up and peak load. Wood pellets are used as fuel, with light oil for backup and peak loads. A large waterfilled underground rock cavity is used for heat storage and can deliver 8 MW.

Solid fuel furnaces


Capacity and fuel: 2 x 2 MW wood pellets

Flue-gas cleaning: Dust – cyclones

Rock cavity Large rock cavity for storage of hot water

Capacity: 2 x 4 MW storage volume 100,000 m3 (can store 5 GWh heat)

Ärentuna school Peak load and back-up


Capacity and fuel: 4 MW light oil

Facilities in Storvreta

Key figures for delivered district heating,kg/MWh = g/kWh

2015 2014 2013 2012

CO2 (ETS) 0,04 0 12 13

CO2 (VMK) 9 9 – –

NO 0,36 0,7 0,7 0,7

SO2 0,003 <0,003 <0,003 0,004

The carbon dioxide emissions are reported according to two different systems, as previously in accordancewith the ETS emissions trading system and also in accordance with the Värmemarknadskommittén (Swedish Heating Market Committee) (VMK). The latter report is presented in more detail on the Swedish District Heating Association website, svenskfjarrvarme.se. This data includes not only carbon dioxide emissions from the plant but also templates for the emissions of the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide, converted into CO2 equivalents. An emissions factor has also been added for the electricity that is purchased for the plant.

Fuel Energy supplied

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Efficiency:85% Production including rockcavity storage75 % Distribution


District heating in SwedenOver half of all homes and properties are heated using district heating.

District heating is supplied to 270 of Sweden’s 290 municipalities and accounts for half of all heating ofdwellings and other buildings, about 50 TWh per year. District heating is the main reason why Sweden hassucceeded in reducing its emissions of greenhouse gases. District heating has doubled in Sweden since1982, and in the same period, oil in the district heating system has been replaced by wood, peat and waste.Uppsala’s modified fuel consumption is shown on page 7. For more information about district heating:svenskfjarrvarme.se

Waste as fuelThe graph above from the Swedish Waste Management and Recycling Association shows how the treatment of household waste has developed in recent years. The total volume of household waste is 4.5 million tonnes, or around 466 kg per person per year. Increased recycling, biological treatment and waste incineration

with energy recovery made it possible to reduce the proportion of waste sent to landfill to 0.7 percent in 2014. More information about Swedish waste management: avfallsverige.se

Peat as fuelA quarter of Sweden’s surface area consists of peat (bogs and marshes). Peat is used both for soil improve-ment and as a fuel. The annual harvest is less than 25 percent of annual growth in Sweden. Between 0.1 percent and 0.2 percent of the peatlands are used. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) places peat in a category of its own: neither fossil, like oil or coal, nor biomass, like wood. Peat is part of the European system for carbon dioxide trade, but in Sweden it is approved for a green electricity certifi-cate, and is not subject to carbon dioxide tax. Until a common position is adopted as to peat’s possible climate impact, we will report carbon dioxide emissions both with and without contributions from peat (see page 5). More information about peat: torvproducenterna.se

"Our goal is that all of our internal and external employees work in a safe, healthy and motivating environment. Our long-term goal is for zero injuries and no work related ill-health."

Safety is one of our core values. Vattenfall has a ’Code of Conduct for Suppliers’ available on our website.

We are working persistently to reduce risks associ-ated with working at heights, with mobile parts of machinery, electricity and steam, as well as to prevent fi res and explosions. As some of our activities take place in environments where there is a lot of traffic, we are also working actively to reduce the risks through, for example, diversions and hi-visibility clothing.

For several years we have been spared serious ac-cidents (death or severe disability) and fortunately the trend continued during 2015 as well. Three accidents resulted in sick leave for our entrepreneurs, all of the category fall/stumble.

To identify risks and enable us to take preventive measures, we use for instance incident reporting containing information on ’near accidents’. There are considerably more incidents than accidents, which enables us to institute preventive measures, thereby preventing future accidents. Besides incident reports

we have other important tools to identify risks, for example risk assessments, work environment inspections and internal audits.

We are working towardsimproved health and safety

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It is important that a high number of near-accident reports are submitted so we are able to prevent actual accidents. The statistics include accidents with and without sick leave for employees and contractors.

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Household waste in Sweden 1975–2013*

Waste as fuel

* www.avfallsverige.se


vattenfall.se for all of our customers, it is possible for them to track trends and changes.

- Breaking the tariff into an effect part and an energy part will encourage an effect reduction. The need for heat is then reduced even during the coldest winter days, when oil is used for peak loads.

- Flow charges benefit larger customers if their district heating units are more efficient than the average.

- We recommend different types of energy optimisa-tion adapted to the customer’s situation. We have skills, expertise and experience to offer, such as service and heat exchanger replacement, to help customers achieve a high degree of efficiency in their heating system.

Resource efficiency Our fuel consumption in Uppsala has refuse as a basis, which is a waste resource and thereby resource-efficient to use instead of other fuels. All our fuel consumption is shown on Page 6.

Use of finite resources – coal and oil Coal is now only used as a back-up fuel, and oil for very cold weather and in case of interruptions in production. The proportion of oil in our fuel mix is around 3 percent in Uppsala, 1 percent in Knivsta and almost 0 percent in Storvreta.

Water For the Uppsala plant we used 528,000 m3 of water in 2015 (307 litres per delivered MWh), which is more than for 2014 and is the result of larger leaks that has now been repaired. For Knivsta we used 6,070 m3 of water (110 litres/MWh), which was more than for 2014, also here the result of leaks that has been repaired. For Storvreta we used 3,300 m3 (100 litres/MWh), which was more than 2014 but less than for 2013.

Waste Scrap metal is sorted from the slag from incinerated waste and recycled. Peat ash is recycled for road construction.

Fly ash and sludge from waste incineration Each year about 10,000 tonnes of fly ash and sludge are produced from waste incineration. This is about 5 kg per MWh delivered, and does not change from year to year. The content of metal in the waste

determines the amount of metal in the ash from waste incineration. The mercury content in the waste dropped significantly during the 1990s.

An organic sulphide is added and it binds metals

such as mercury and cadmium. The sludge is separated through the waste incineration’s water purification treatment.

The sludge and fly ash are considered hazardous waste and treated according to current regulations, which means that leaching from landfills is minimal. Good incineration reduces the content of organic matter in fly ash and sludge.

Biodiversity Fuel suppliers can affect the environment and the work environment in different countries. Oil extrac-tion has an environmental impact and there is a risk of oil spills in connection with transporting oil. Both the environment and the work environment are important when cutting peat. We have visited both our Swedish and our Belarusian suppliers to ensure that the conditions are good enough. We are also following developments around sustainability criteria for biomass fuels and make supplier assessments.

Risk of environmental accidents Instituting preventive measures against accidents such as oil spills and fi res is an important part of our work. We do this through, for example, mainte-nance, inspections, risk analyses and deviation reports. No major accidents occurred during 2015, but a larger leak of cooling media was discovered, see page 14.

Risk of disturbances in the local environment We prevent disturbances in the local environment, such as dust from peat and ash, by handing fuels and ashes indoors as far as possible. Disturbances can also arise from the odour of waste that is used as a fuel. We prevent this by working proactively in planning deliveries, waste inspections and control-ling air flows in connection with waste treatment.

One complaint was submitted in 2015 regarding

the smell from our operations in Boländerna. The complaint has been answered and the smell disturbance has ceased.

In order to reduce our environmental impact, we are working on whatwe have identified as our significant environmental aspects. Core indicators* for our environmental impact are given partly as total con-sumption and partly as consumption per kWh supplied.

Climate impact See diagram on page 5 for emissions of carbon dioxide and page 6 for emissions per supplied district heating. Uppsala also has emissions of other greenhouse gases. Nitrous oxide emissions (N2O) amount to some 12 tonnes per year, which with a conversion factor of 290 contributes less than 1 percent compared with carbon dioxide emissions.

We also use the coolant R134a which normally

contributes less than one percent compared with carbon dioxide emissions despite the large conver-sion factor of 1,430. A leakage was discovered at the regular weighing, 1,420 kg was missing. It represents 2,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equiva-lents which is less than 1 percent of the total emissions of carbon dioxide during 2015.

Acidifying emissions to air See diagram on page 5 for emissions of substances that produce acidification such as nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide, and page 6 for emissions per district heating supplied. Nitrogen dioxide emissions for the Uppsala plants are below the average for Sweden in the nitrogen oxide fee system. More information about the nitrogen oxide fee is available at the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency’s website, naturvardsverket.se.

Emissions to water Emissions to water from the flue gas condensing is shown on page 16. Also storm water gives emissions to water from fuel dust and ashes and so on. We

measure the amount of metals in the storm water and a project is ongoing for a sedimentation for this water where particles can be separated for cleaner water.

Energy efficiency Total energy turnover

Our total energy turnover can be seen on pages 6, 9 and 10. It shows the degree of efficiency from fuel to delivery to the customer. We are working systematically on increasing energy efficiency, for example through more efficient use of compressed air in Uppsala and a new, more energy efficient, compressor in Knivsta.

Internal electricity consumption

For Uppsala we use about 75.7 GWh of electricity (44,3 kWh/produced MWh) per year for pumps, fans and other equipment, which is lower than the previous year and continues the trend of reduced electricity consumption. For Knivsta we use about 1.9 GWh of electricity (43 kWh/produced MWh), and for Storvreta we use 0.20 GWh (14 kWh/MWh), which is comparable to the previous year.

The customer’s energy use also affects the

environment

Our customers’ energy consumption affects society’s use of resources and the degree of emissions. Examples of how we contribute to our customers’ good energy housekeeping are outlined below:

- By providing free energy statistics at Mina Sidor

We are aiming at reducing our impact on

the environment

* Contact us for more information about our assessment. See the back page for contact details.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Electricity consumption Heat Uppsala

Electricity consumption is lower than in previous years, with the exception of cold years like 2010 when electricity consumption was lower per produced MWh since idling consumption is shared across a large production volume.


The most important substances and emission permits from an environmental point of view, are presented below.

Emissions and environmental permits

Dust is interesting from an environmental perspective as it can contain both heavy metals and hydrocarbon (unburned). It is consequently important to keep dust emissions down. However, mercury is a heavy metal that is not usually carried in dust and is therefore reported separately.

Explanationmg milligram thousandth of a gramμ g microgram millionth of a gramng nanogram billionth of a gram

Air emissions from waste incineration Emission permit Results 2015

Annual average

Dust, mg/m3 as daily average, measured continuously

10 No days over 10 0,25

Mercury, μ g/m3, measured twice per year 25 0,02–0,4

Dioxins, μ g/m3, measured twice per year 0,1 <0,002 Some values under the detection limit

Total organic coal, mg/m3, as daily average, measured continuously

10 No days over 10 0,52

Our objectives within safety, health and the environment

Work environment and health

Targets 2015 Outcome 2015 Current and future work 2016?

The target was met in part, the relation-ship was 14,5 for own staff and 3,5 for contractors.

At least 10 preventive reports per accident. Increased focus on contractors.

The goal for production and maintenance in 2015 is at least eight preventive reports per accident for own staff and at least six for contractors.

Reduced environmental impact

Reduced climate impact by increased wood admixture to at least 13 percent plus the admixture from the sales of Carbon Neutral Heating and Cooling.

Reduced emissions of heavy metals through storm water.

Reduced internal electricity consumption.

Increased resource efficiency through the investigation of opportunities to improve the quality of the waste slag.

The target was met: the wood admixture was 18,6 percent plus 6,4 percent from the sales of Carbon Neutral Heating and Cooling.

The project has had difficulties in finding a place for a sedimentation basin and was delayed.

The target was met, see page 14.

The target was met, a project has started for building a road with waste slag.

Increased wood admixture to at least 14 percent 2016 plus the admixture from the sales of Carbon Neutral Heating and Cooling.

The work continues during 2016.

Work continues with increased energy efficiency, for example a cooling accumulator and measures for compressed air.

The work continues during 2016.

Fredrik Holm, Chef Affärs- och verksamhetsutveckling

During the year a limited number of operational disturbancies occurred, and these were reported to the environmental authority. A full report on emissions and environmental permits can be found in our environmental report to the authorities, which is available from Vattenfall Heat.

Water emissions from waste incineration Emission permit Results 2015

Mercury kg per year, limit value,continuous measurement

0,5 <0,09 Some values underthe detection limit

Lead kg per year, limit value, continuous measurement

12,5 2,6

Cadmium kg per year, limit value,continuous measurement

0,75 0,36

Dioxins ng/l, measured twice per year,target value

0,1 < 0,005 Some values underthe detection limit


Sulphur, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride and ammonia These substances cause acidification. It leads to nutrients leaching out of the ground and metals being released that are normally bound. Sulphur emissions have decreased throughout the entire country, thanks to reduced use of coal and oil. Nitrogen oxides are formed in connection with all combustion and affect the environment in four different ways as they lead to acidification, eutrophication, intensification of the greenhouse effect and formation of ground level ozone. Hydrogen chloride is a corrosive gas and together with water it forms hydrochloric acid, which is acidifying. Ordinary salts can form hydrogen chloride in conjunc-tion with waste incineration Hydrogen chloride is removed from flue gas through condensing. Ammonia also appears to be acidifying as it easily forms ammonium ions, which are weak acids.

DustDust is particles of ash that are released into the air from industries and cars. The dust can contain heavy metals and hydrocarbon. We clean the flue gases of dust using electrostatic filters and fabric filters. The dust from waste incineration (fly ash) is hazardous waste. Fly ash from peat and wood contains only low levels of pollutants and can be used, for example, in road building and as a substitute for cement.

Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a gas that is found naturally in the air and is one of the most important substances in photosynthesis. However, a distinction is made be-tween the amount of carbon dioxide that is part of the natural cycle, and the surplus that arises through use of fossil fuels. This surplus intensifies the green-house effect. The increase that disturbs the balance is caused chiefly by traffic and burning of fossil fuels such as oil and coal. On the other hand, the amount of carbon dioxide that arises when biomass fuels are used is absorbed again by plants. Opinion is divided on whether peat should be regarded as a biomass fuel (slowly renewable) or not. The annual growth of peat in Sweden is greater than its removal, but the peat used can be thousands of years old. Peat moss emits carbon dioxide if there is a supply of air in the peat layers (aerobic conditions). If there is no supply of air (anaerobic conditions), methane gas is produced, which is a stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. It is therefore a fairly difficult equation to sum up the total the climatic impact from peat usage and its combustion.

DioxinDioxins are a group of over 200 different chlorinated hydrocarbons. Some of the variants are highly toxic. In principle, dioxin arises in connection with all combustion, where landfill fires are the worst. A single short-lived fire at a landfill site produces more emissions of dioxin into the air than Heat Uppsala’s waste incineration plant does in ten years, which is one of the reasons why there is a ban on dumping combustible waste on landfills.

Heavy metalsThe heavy metals that have the most effect on the environment are mercury, lead and cadmium. They are naturally present in all animals and plants, but only in small quantities. If their content increases unnaturally, these heavy metals are highly powerful environmental toxins. In Sweden, emissions of many heavy metals have declined substantially in recent years, thanks to new processing techniques, better cleaning techniques, a ban on mercury, increased collection of batteries and a ban on lead in petrol. The major sources of emissions of mercury are crematoriums and chlor-alkali industries. For cadmium it is the metal industries. Waste incinera-tion in Sweden accounts for less than one percent of the total air emissions of heavy metals.

Environmental terms

More information• The Swedish Waste Management has

information about waste handling: avfallsverige.se

• Swedish district heating: svenskfjarrvarme.se

• Swedish peat production: torvproducenterna.se

• The Swedish Energy Authority has statistics on energy use in Sweden and information about energy and energy efficiency: energimyndigheten.se

• Energy advice and environmental programmes for the Uppsala Municipality and link to Uppsala Municipality’s Climate Protocol:

uppsala.se

• Follow-up of Sweden’s environmental objectives are available at miljomal.nu

For more information about Vattenfall, you can visit our website: vattenfall.com

Reduced Climate Impact Uppsala City Council’s objective is to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases per inhabitant by 50 percent by 2020 compared with the level in 1990. Vattenfall Heat Uppsala has reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 33 percent compared with 1990. Carbon dioxide emissions will be further reduced through our project of replacing peat with wood primarily when the CHP plant is replaced with a new plant around 2020. We are participating in the Uppsala Climate Protocol, which is a collaborative project started by the Uppsala municipality for reduced climate impact.

Fresh airThe County Administrative Board has stated that the greatest source of particle and nitrogen oxide emissions in Uppsala county is from traffic. Our contribution to inner city air particles is at most 0.004 μ g/m3 of the environmental quality standard 50 per day. For nitrogen oxides, our contribution to inner city air is at most 1.5 μ g/m3 of the environmental quality standard 90 per hour.

Only natural acidificationOur emissions from acidifying substances have dropped considerably over the years; see the graphs concerningacidifying substances on page 5.

A Non-Toxic Environment Our air emissions of mercury and dioxins have been dramatically reduced since the 1980s, see the diagrams to the right. Our water emissions contribute only a limited amount to the transport of heavy metals in the Fyris River. Our water emissions from the waste incineration’s flue gas condensation are reported on page 16.

No eutrophicationThe Fyris River has a modest ecological status as per the Swedish Water Framework Directive, which is due to the transportation of nitrogen and phosphorous, primarily from agriculture but also from large and small waste water treatment plants. Vattenfall Heat Uppsala’s total emissions of nitrogenous substances have been reduced over the years as mentioned above, and are primarily in the form of airborne nitrogen oxides; around 50 tonnes per year calculated as nitrogen, or 4 percent of the county’s emissions. Water emissions are around five tonnes per year calculated as nitrogen, which constitutes one percent of the total nitrogen emissions into the Fyris River.

Urban environmentDistrict heating allows cities and urban areas to provide a good and healthy lifestyle environment and also contribute to a good regional and global environment. District heating is ideal as a sustainable form of heating in cities and urban areas.

Our contribution to the fulfilling of the Swedish environmental objectives

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Heat Uppsala is a business unit in Vattenfall AB.District heating is the largest part of our business and our customers are real estate companies, housing associations, home owners, industrial and public facilities, such as schools, swimming pools and libraries. The business covers the entire value chain: generation, distribution and sales. We also offer district cooling and steam, with the latter being used in industrial processes. Producing electricity and heat simultaneously delivers a high level of efficiency. Uppsala has Vattenfall’s largest plant for district heating in Sweden.

If you have questions please contact us: Vattenfall Heat Uppsala

Customer enquiries:Vattenfall Customer Service Box 13 SE-880 30 Näsåker, SwedenTelephone: +46 (0)20 82 00 00 Emailt: [email protected] vattenfall.se/uppsala

Visit:Vattenfall Heat UppsalaBolandsgatan 13

[email protected]

Haparanda

LudvikaFagersta

Drefviken

NyköpingMotala

Uppsala

Vänersborg

Visby

Our major district heating plants in Sweden, including subsidiaries1Volume of heat: 4,000 GWhVolume of electricity: 380 GWhTurnover: MSEK 3,0002Employees: 400

1. Västerbergslagens Energi AB (VB Energi), Gotlands Energi AB (Geab), and Haparanda Värmeverk.

2. This information includes revenues from energy sales (electricity, heating, cooling and steam), and certain other revenues, primarily waste and back-up power.

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Vattenfall Heat Uppsala · 2016-09-09 · 2 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala Safety, health and environment 2015 Safety, health and environment 2015 Vattenfall Heat Uppsala 3 Your local heat

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