U.s.history ch.2.

Chapter Two:Growth and Conflict

Bill of Rights1 – 6.

Amendment one: Five freedoms.

Amendment two: Right to bear arms.

Amendment three: Quartering Act.

Amendments four, five, six: Rights of the accused and due process of law.

7- 10Amendment seven: Lawsuits.

Amendment Eight: Bail and cruel and unusual punishment.

Amendment nine: Rights reserved by the people.

Amendment ten: Rights retained by the states.

Alexander HamiltonHamilton is first Secretary of Treasury.

States faced with huge war debt.

Hamilton paid off the state war debts to inspire confidence in the new country.

Hamilton then helped create a national bank and tariff system.Hamilton Bio

Rise of Political Parties.Federalists

Hamiltonians.

Believed in a strong national gov’t.

Backed the National Bank, tariffs, and business interests.

Supported England.

Forerunner of modern Republican party.

Democratic-Republicans

Jeffersonians.

Wanted weaker national gov’t.

Against National Bank and tariffs.

Supported France.

Forerunner of Modern Democratic party.

Adams Elected Pres. 1796

“He kept the peace in 1800.”

Kept the peace, BUT it cost him the 1800 election.

Alien and Sedition Acts.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions declared the A&SA to be “Null and Void.”

Prelude to Civil War?

Election of 1800Jefferson ties with Aaron Burr.

Hamilton supports Jefferson.

Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel.

Election leads to 12th Amendment.

Jefferson in Office

Midnight Judges. Marbury v Madison

Marbury v. Madison-1803.

Louisiana Purchase-1803.

Lewis and Clark.

Jefferson in Office

War of 1812Issues: Impressment of sailors and secret War Hawks desire for Canadian land.

White House totally burned out.

U.S. ports shut down by English navy.

U.S. economy wrecked.

Hartford Convention kills off Federalist Party.

Star Spangled Banner written.

Burning the White House

Rise of American Nationalism:1816-1824.

Economic nationalism: Second National Bank, Tariff of 1816 and transportation work.

Judicial nationalism and John Marshall Court: Dartmouth College(Private property), McCulloch v. Maryland(Nat’l Bank) and Gibbons v. Ogden(Steam Ship monopoly).

Nationalist foreign policy. Monroe Doctrine.

Industrialization of the North

Northern banks had lots of Puritan savings.

Embraced free enterprise system.

Little gov’t interference.

Fall-Line powered machines. Textiles.

Eli Whitney ended cotton bottle neck. Increased demand for slaves.

Samuel Morris invents instant long distance communication.

Urban Growth and Immigration

Industrial Revolution swells city pop.

I.R. jobs also attracts more immigrants.

Increased immigration creates the Nativism movement.

Division and ReformSectionalism:

Parts of the country pursuing different economic and social goals.

Three different parts: North East, North West and South.

Pleasing one upsets the others.

Slavery was the most emotionally inflaming.

Missouri Compromise 1820

As the U.S. grew, the issue of slavery erupted.

Free or slave state?

Each side tried to keep an equal number in Senate.

Missouri Compromise 36-30.

Maine free, Missouri Slave.

Election of 1828Backlash of 1824 election. “Corrupt Bargain.”Jackson elected by the common people. “Born in a log cabin.”

Essential Question:Essential Question:

Champion of the

“Common Man?”

“KingAndrew?

”OR

Nullification Crisis - 1832

High import tariffs angered southern states.

South Carolina declared “Null and void” Fed laws they didn’t like.

S.C. then wanted to secede.

Congress passes Force Bill.

Jackson threatens to hang every secessionist.

Jackson had a history of this!

Trail of Tears - 1830Indian Removal Act.

The Feds moved Native Americans west passed the Miss. River.

Supreme Court supported the Cherokees right NOT to be moved.

Jackson ignored S.C. ruling.

The I.R.A. caused the deaths of over 4000 Cherokees.

King Jackson Old Hickory

Rise of the Whig PartyOpponents of Jacksons accuse him of being a “Big Whig.”

Whigs made up of many ex Federalists.

Whigs were pro business, National bank, high tariffs and humanitarian reform.

Spirit of ReformSecond Great Awakening.”

Temperance movement.

Seneca Fall Convention.

Abolition of slavery.

Fredrick Douglas and Sojourner Truth. African-American of Emancipation movement.

Manifest DestinyAmericans had a God given right to spread westward from sea to sea.

Trails WestwardTrails Westward

Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836

Sam Houston(1793-1863)

Sam Houston(1793-1863)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

Steven Austin(1793-1836)

Remember the Alamo!Remember the Alamo!

The Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession

Slavery and Westward Expansion.New territories create friction over slavery.

Why did the Cotton Gin increase the demand for Slavery?

It removed the bottleneck of production.

New Territories: Free or Slave?

The slave states fought to keep a balance in the Senate between slave v. free states. Why?

A rough balance in the Senate allows the South to FILIBUSTER any anti slavery bills.

Compromise of 1820 – 36-30.

Compromise of 1850. CA free & TX slave.

Texas had to wait nine years to become a state.

Undoing the Compromises.

A Spilt Country

Some argued that new states should vote on the issue of slavery. Popular Sovereignty.

Wilmot Proviso-1846.

Free Soil Party-1848.

Fugitive Slave Act-1850

Escaped slaves had to be returned to the South.

No legal recourse even for FREE African-Americans captured by bounty hunters!

North HATED F.S.A!

Harriet TubmanF.S.A. motivated Harriet Tubman to be a CONDUCTOR of the UNDERGROUND railroad.

Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854

Popular sovereignty was to be used in Kansas to determine slavery or not.Kansas had its own pre “Civil War.”It became known as “Bleeding Kansas.”

Dred Scott Decision-1857.Supreme Court ruling: Slaves can be moved to FREE states and remain slaves.What happens to the Compromises of 1820 and 1850?What about POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY?This decision is one of the S.C’s. most shameful!Plessy v. Freguson-1896 is tied with Dred Scott!

John Browns’ Raid - 1857

Brown and other Abolitionists attack this Army post.

Plan to seize weapons.

They want to give them to slaves.

They hope to create a slave uprising.

Robert E. Lee puts down revolt and kills and captures Abolitionists.

South alarmed by raid.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

"So you're the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war." Abe Lincoln.

Other North/South Issues.

National Bank.

Internal improvements.

Import Tariffs.

Free land for Farmers.

North West and North could work together.

South always left out.

Union Dissolves -1861.Lincoln is elected president-1860.

Last straw for the South.

Before Lincoln takes office, Southern states begin to SECEDE.

President Buchanan: Feds can’t legally stop seceding stated.

Left the mess to Lincoln.

Jefferson Davis chosen to be President of Confederacy.