Unit F: Muscular System Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the muscles. Specific Objectives: Explain the structure of the muscles. Analyze the function.

Unit F: Muscular System

Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the muscles.

Specific Objectives:Explain the structure of the muscles.Analyze the function of the muscular

system.Discuss characteristics and treatment of

common muscle disorders.

Bell……

List the functions of the muscular system, chapter starts on page 123

(do not eat your candy)

Describe the structure of the muscles“the power system”

A.Muscles 1.Nearly half

our weight comes from muscle tissue

2.There are 650 different muscles in the human body

3.Muscles give shape and form

4.Muscles produce body heat

THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS Responsible for all body movement.

Responsible for body form and shape (posture)

Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature.

Bell

What are the 3 types of muscles? What is the difference in voluntary

and involuntary muscles?

Three types of muscle

Types of muscle tissueSkeletal

Skeletal Muscle Attached to bone Striated (striped)

appearance VOLUNTARY Multinucleated muscle

cell bundles (muscle cells = muscle fibers)

SARCOLEMMA = cell membrane

Contract quickly, fatigue easily, can’t maintain contraction for long period of time

Types of muscle tissue. Smooth Smooth Muscle Visceral (organ) muscle Found in walls of

digestive system, uterus and blood vessels

Cells small and spindle-shaped

INVOLUNTARY Controlled by autonomic

nervous system Act slowly, do not tire

easily, can remain contracted for long time

1.04 Remember the structures of

the muscular system

Structures of the muscular Structures of the muscular systemsystemTypes of MuscleTypes of Muscle

Sphincter musclesSphincter musclesAlso called dilator musclesAlso called dilator musclesSpecial, circular musclesSpecial, circular musclesLocated in the Located in the

digestive systemdigestive system urinary systemurinary system

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the muscular system

Structures of the muscular Structures of the muscular systemsystem

Types of muscleTypes of muscle

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

Sphincter

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the muscular system


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Types of Connective tissueTypes of Connective tissue

Tendons

Fascia


the muscular system


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Connective tissueConnective tissue

Tendons

dense bands that connect skeletal muscle

to the bone


the muscular system


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Connective tissueConnective tissue

FasciaFascia

Fibrous connective tissue sheets that wrap around muscle bundles

CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES

CONTRACTIBILITY – the ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents or the space it surrounds.

EXCITEABILITY (IRRITABILITY) – the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses. http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscletissue/contraction/coupling/animation.html

EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched.

ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing.

Bell…

Create a quiz For penia-uria (is that right?) Include all Be creative The most creative and with a

KEY..WINS

Muscles move bones by pulling on them. As a muscle contracts, it pulls the insertion bone closer to the origin

bone. Movement occurs at the joint between the origin and the insertion.

Rule: A muscle’s insertion bone moves toward its origin bone.

Groups of muscles usually contract to produce a single movement.

MOTOR UNIT – a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION – the junction between the motor neuron’s

fiber which transmits the impulse – and the muscle cell membrane. ACETYLCHOLINE – chemical neurotransmitter, diffuses across the

synaptic cleft (carries impulse across synaptic cleft) http://www.getbodysmart.com

/ap/muscletissue/contraction/actionpotentials/animation.htmlhttp://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscletissue/contraction/actionpotentials/animation.html

http://www.yucky.com/noflash/body/pg000123.html

Characteristics of Characteristics of MusclesMuscles

ContractibilityContractibility

ExcitabilityExcitability

ExtensibilityExtensibility

ElasticityElasticity1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular

system

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Contractibility

1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular

system

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ContractibilityMyoneural stimulation

+ contraction of muscle proteins

= movement and heat


system

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The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell.

The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement.


system

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ContractibilityContractibilityNeurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus.


Excitability


system

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Extensibility


system

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Elasticity


system

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Elasticity


system

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Tendons attach muscle to bone. Ligaments join bone to bone


the muscular system

How do skeletal muscles How do skeletal muscles get their names?get their names?

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• However, However, • not all muscles are named by the above methods!not all muscles are named by the above methods!

MYOLOGY The study of MUSCLE Origin and Insertion and Action along with Nerve supply NAMING THE SKELETAL MUSCLES

1. Based on shape Deltoid Trapezius Rhomboidius 2. Based on structure or form Semitendonosus Semimembranosus Serratus Anterior 3. Based on location Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Anterior Tibialis

4. Based on attachments Brachioradialis (brachium =

humerus) Sternocleidomastoid (cleido =

clavicle) 5. Based on number of

attachments or heads Biceps Triceps Quadriceps

NAMING THE SKELETAL MUSCLES

6. Based on direction of muscle fibers

oblique

transverse

rectus

7. Based on function adductors

abductors

extensors

flexors

8. Based on combination of the above

rectus abdominus

straight muscle of the abdominal region

extensor carpi radialis longus

long muscle of the forearm which extends the wrist

Muscles named for their direction

Bell..

List 5 ways that muscles are named (myology)

ways that muscles are named (myology)

1. Based on shape 2. Based on structure or form3. Based on location 4. Based on attachments5. Based on number of attachments or heads

6. Based on direction of muscle fibers 7. Based on function

8.Based on combination of the above

Muscles of Head and Neck Use text pg 132. Label head and neck Factoids You have over 30 facial muscles which create

looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning.

Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day!

Create Flash cards, muscle one side/function on the other

Answer I. Feel free to masticate your candy! Feel your face as you

masticate, what muscle did you feel move?

Major cervical muscles

Anterior and posterior cervical triangles.

Bell…

Complete the “Who Am I” below the head you labeled on Friday

Upper Extremity

Label J Complete Grid below it. Make flash cards (text 133)

Bell… Read section on page 126-127 about

Contraction of a Skeletal muscle. List in order sequence of actions that must

occur for a muscle to contract. Starts with:

1) Impulse 2) 3) 4) 5)

Sequence is as follows….

1) Impulse 2) Axon 3) Acetylcholine 4) Synaptic cleft 5) Sarcolemma

A fun example to help students visualize the ETC! This is an example that can help students grasp the concept of how the electrons being dropped down the cristae in steps releases energy that is used to regenerate ADP into ATP. (Feel free to add more detail about H pumps or other details for your curriculum.) Most students are familiar with the snowboarders and the half pipe or even the Bobsled competitions. We are going to use these to help students to visualize electrons sliding down the cristae and regenerating ADP back into ATP. Half pipe: The half pipe looks much like cristae as it is carved down into the snow and the cristae is weaved through the mitochondria. The chair lift is the NADH or FADH2 being ‘pumped’ up the gradient where it will release the ‘electron’ (the snowboarder). (Point out to students how the NADH is only carrying one snowboarder and the FADH2 has two.) As the

As the snowboarder glides down from one side of the half pipe to the other, popping up and doing tricks, have students imagine that this is the electron, dropping down the cristae and ‘popping’ energy (NRG). This energy is used to add another high energy P onto ADP, creating ATP. Even though snowboarders ‘pop out’ about five tricks as they go down the half pipe, NADH can only ‘pop out’ 3 ATP’s as it travels down the cristae (FADH2 only 2 ATP’s). At the bottom of the half pipe is screaming fans, family, and friends. They are all ready to grab up their snowboarder and celebrate! At the bottom of the cristae’s gradient, is Oxygen and H+, excited to receive the electron and make water!!! The bobsled can be used also as the example that NADH is like the men’s start, which is higher up on the track and the FADH2 is compared to the women’s start. Because the women’s start is lower on the track, it doesn’t produce as much speed or energy…just like the FADH2.

What is missing?

Upper extremities

Label J and answer questions/grid

Muscles of the Trunk

Muscles of the Trunk

Label K Make Flash Cards (text 134)

Lower extremities

Lower extremities

Muscles of the lower Extremities Label M Make flash cards (text 135) The largest muscle in the body is

the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks.

Bell 1) Type of muscle that moves without

conscious effort_____ 2) Type of muscle that moves internal

organs______ 3) Where a muscle attaches to a bone

that does not move when the muscle contracts_______

4) Tissue that attaches muscle to bone_____

5) Circular band of fibers that constricts a natural body opening______

Labeling…

Need pix anterior

Bell

Write a story about your favorite hobby or sports activity using 10-15 terms from the Muscle System terminology list. You should NOT tell what the activity is, but write a short descriptive story (at least 1/2 page) that describes the muscles as you do your activity.

Be prepared to read the stories in class, and see if classmates can guess your hobby!

Bell

The remainder…Get out your “hobby” stories..

Complete (from packet) 6:5 Complete muscle matching

Remainder of class Look at these Websites (only) http://www.teachpe.com/cloze/label_the_muscl

e.htm http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/

0072919329/student_view0/animations.html...animation good for planes, direction. All systems

http://homepage.smc.edu/wissmann_paul/muscleflashcards/

http://www.human-body-facts.com/human-body-muscle-diagram.html

Write your Hobby story Label your muscle man/lady

BELL

Considering that 50% of our body weight comes from muscle…

Complete the worksheet, Muscle Math

Antagonistic muscle pair of the upper arm in action. During extension of the elbow (shown at left), the triceps is contracted and the biceps is relaxed. During flexion of the elbow (shown at right), the triceps is relaxed and the biceps is contracted.

MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS

Muscle Tone

In order to function, muscles should always be

slightly contracted and ready to pull.

Muscle contractions may be

isotonic or isometric.

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

When muscles contract and shorten. (Walk, talk, etc.)

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

When the tension in a muscle increases but the muscle does not shorten. (exercises such as tensing the abdominal muscles.)

MOVEMENT

1. Muscles move

bones by pulling on them.

As a muscle contracts, it pulls the insertion bone closer to the origin bone. Movement occurs at the joint between the origin and the insertion.

2. Groups of muscles usually contract to

produce a single movement.

3. When the antagonist muscles contract, they produce a movement opposite to that of the prime movers.

MUSCLE FATIGUE – caused by the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles.

OXYGEN DEBT – after exercise, the amount of oxygen needed by the muscle to change lactic acid back to glucose.

MUSCLE TONE - When muscles are slightly contracted and ready to pull.

During muscular exercise, blood vessels in muscles dilate and blood flow is increased in order to increase the available oxygen supply. Up to a point, the available oxygen is sufficient to meet the energy needs of the body. But, when muscular exertion is very great, oxygen cannot be supplied to muscle fibers fast enough, and the aerobic breakdown of pyruvic acid cannot produce all the ATP required for further muscle contraction.

Dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities, aids in breathing

Diaphragm flattens when you breathe in.

Diaphragm rises when you breathe out.

Simon Says….The Muscular System“The Power System”You may use your textbook if you need a reference for the

muscles.1. Abduct fingers. 12. Extend foot.2. Flex right forearm 13. Flex pectoralis major.3. Adduct arm 14. Contract gastrocnemius.4. Flex leg. 15. Contract tibialis anterior.5. Extend leg. 16 Extend quadriceps.6. Flex fingers 17. Flex biceps.7. Contract diaphragm. 18 .Contract abdominal muscles 8. Contract diaphragm. 19. Flex and rotate sartorius.

9. Contract masseter. 20. Extend/contract gluteal

maximus.10. Flex masseter. 21. Extend trapezius.11. Flex foot. 22. Contract/abduct

deltoid.

Bell/payday…

Complete text 142- 1-10 Text pages Apply Practice to

Theory:143 1-6 Muscle Math

Complete Muscle Math (if there is a survey on your desk…

please complete and give to Kasey….)

Muscular Disease Activity Read independently about topic Number One. Be

prepared to share. (1, 3, 4, 7, and 8) You will partner with someone next to you one

shares…join another group the one that did not share, must tell the new members what was shared=2 people will share. You will have 45 seconds per share time!

1) ATROPHY-138 2) HYPERTROPHY 3) STRAIN-138 4) MYALGIA –138 5) TENDONITIS – 6) Foot Drop- 7) Fibromyalgia-138 8) Muscular Dystrophy-139 http://www.online-stopwatch.com/

ATROPHY – wasting away of muscle due to lack of use.

HYPERTROPHY – an increase in the size of the

muscle cell.

Using NC careers book

Choose one career from the Therapy section

Describe: Work Environment Academic requirements Area of Specialty **O.T.video segment**

STRAIN – tear in the muscle resulting from excessive use. Bleeding inside the muscle can result in pain and swelling. Ice packs will help stop bleeding and reduce swelling.

R-rest I-Ice C-Compression E-Elevate MUSCLE SPASM (cramp) – sustained contraction of

the muscle, usually because of overuse. MYALGIA – muscle pain TENDONITIS – inflammation of a tendon Foot Drop- a common Contracture. Fibromyalgia- chronic , widespread pain in specific

muscles

Text 132- 133 “Theory” 1-6

Web Review Answer KeyMuscular Dystrophy

How many types of Muscular Dystrophy are there? 9Which type is also known as Pseudohypertrophic MD? Duchenne Muscular

DystrophyWhat causes congenital muscular dystrophy? genetic

What are some recent research developments that have occurred as a result MDA contributions? Answer varies

What is the national magazine for MDA? QuestWhat MDA clinic is nearest to your home? Answer varies

What type of Muscular Dystrophy occurs usually in adults over age 40? Distal Muscular Dystrophy

What symptom do all types of Muscular Dystrophy have in common? Muscle weakness

Marilla is 19 years old and is diagnosed with a type of Muscular Dystrophy that causes weakness in her shoulders and hips. Her physician assures her that she will

likely live long enough to join the AARP. Is that possible? If so, what type of MD does she have? Yes – Limb-Girdle MD

Carlotta is a 21 year old college student who has been diagnosed with Becker Muscular Dystrophy. What health professional can be helpful in helping her stay in

school and meet the demands of her college schedule? Occupational TherapistTrue or False? Muscular Dystrophy is incurable? True

True or False? Muscular Dystrophy is untreatable? FalseWhat are the goals of rehabilitation for someone with Muscular Dystrophy?

The goals of rehabilitation in patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) are to maximize and prolong independent function and locomotion, inhibit physical deformity,

and provide access to full integration into society

Bell

Make sure you have answered all of the Muscular Dystrophy Questions

Text pages 142 1-10

bell… From textbook complete page 142 compare

and contrast-

Clean and bring up your write on muscle man

Make sure your name is on your packet and turn it in after completing compare and contrast!

Take apart your arm…turn in the gold brads

Unit F: Muscular System Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the muscles. Specific Objectives: Explain the structure of the muscles. Analyze the function.

Documents

types of muscle slide

muscular system structures

types of muscles

bone slide

power system

involuntary muscles

muscle bundles

different muscles