Web viewIdentify the basic anatomy of the integumentary system. Analyze unfamiliar terms using the knowledge of word ... or pain in the muscles or joints

Unit 3: The Integumentary System NotesMedical Terminology

Objectives: Define and decipher common terms associated with the integumentary system Identify the basic anatomy of the integumentary system Analyze unfamiliar terms using the knowledge of word roots, suffixes, and prefixes gained in

the course List diseases that involve the integumentary system.

I. Medical terms related to the integumentary systems:

Combining FormsCombining Form Meaning

Aden/oAdip/oAlbin/oAut/oBi/oBlehar/oCarcin/oCaus/oCauter/oCis/oCry/oCutane/oDerm/a, dermat/o, derm/oDiaphor/oEcchym/oErythem/o, erythemat/oHidr/oHist/oIchthy/oIntegument/oJaund/oKerat/oLip/oMelan/oMyc/oNecr/oOnych/oPapill/oPil/oPrurit/oPsor/oPy/oRhytid/oScler/oSeb/o

Squam/oSteat/oTrich/oUngu/oXer/o

Prefixesa-, an-Auto-e-, ex-Epi-

Suffixes-ema-opsy-rrhea-therapy

II. Functions of the skinA. Protection: the skin is a physical barrier that protects against physical damage,

dehydration, UV rays, and ________________________________________________.B. Body temperature maintenance: the skin contains _____________________ glands that secrete

fluid to help regulate the body’s _______________________.C. Excretion: during perspiration, small amounts of wastes (salt, water, & organic

compounds) are releasedD. Perception of stimuli: many nerve endings and receptors are contained in the skin that

detects stimuli related to temperature, ________________________, pressure, and _________________.

III. The Skin: made up of strata that have unique functions in the bodyA. Epidermis: forms the outermost layer of the skin. The epidermis is made up of epithelial

tissue. This type of tissue can also line internal organs and body ________________________. a. Keratin: a fibrous, water-repellent ______________________________.b. Melanocytes: produce melanin pigments. Melanin is responsible for protecting the

skin from UV radiation. Different amounts of melanin can lead to different skin __________________.

B. Dermis: lies directly below the epidermis. It is made up of connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles and sebaceous and sweat glands.

a. ___________________ is main component of the connective tissue of the dermis. Gives skin its shape, strength, and elasticity. (Collagen comes from the Greek kolla =glue)

C. Subcutaneous Layer (hypodermis): deepest layer of skin situated below the dermis. Connects the skin to the surface of muscles. Important in providing heat insulation and protecting deeper tissues in the body.

a. Lipocytes: cells that manufacture and store ____________________Lip/o/cyte/s:__________________________________________________________________________________

D. Accessory Organs of the Skina. Glands: cell or groups of cells that secretes specific substances

i. Sebaceous: everywhere except palms and soles of feet; secrete sebum, an oily substance, into the hair follicles. It is a slightly acidic substance so prevents ____________________________________ growth.

ii. Sweat glands: found on almost all exterior body surfaces. Coiled glands that terminate at openings called pores. Sweat is mostly water but also contains ____________________________ and metabolic waste products. The smell produced from sweat occurs when bacteria interact with sweat.

b. Hair: made up of fibers of dead protein cells filled with hard keratin. Connected to the skin via the hair follicle. _____________________________________________ (small muscle fibers) attach to the hair follicles and can allow your hair to stand up when you’re cold or frightened.

c. Nails: made of hard ____________________________. Fingernails cover the ____________________ surface of the last bone of each finger. Toenails cover the ___________________________ surface of each toe. Many health disorders result in altered growth and appearance of the nails. Basic nail structure:

i. Nail plate: translucent part of the nail, which is closely molded to the underlying tissue.

ii. Cuticle: narrow band of epithelial tissue attached to the surface of the nail and at the base and sides of the nail plate.

iii. Nail root: area of the dermis where the nail restsiv. _______________________: semilunar, white area at the proximal end of the nail

IV. Skin diseases and conditionsA. Acne: inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands that produces pimples on the skin.B. Albinism: inherited condition that prevents the normal production of ________________________.

Results in extremely pale skin and white hair.a. Albin/ism:___________________________________________________________________________________

C. Burns: injuries to skin tissue caused by prolonged heat contacta. First-degree: superficial epidermal lesions, redness, blistersb. Second-degree: epidermal and dermal lesions, redness, blisters, and hyperesthesiaHyper/esthesia:_________________________________________________________________________________c. Third-degree: epidermis and dermis are destroyed, severe hyperesthesia or

anesthesia, depending on nerve damageD. Psoriasis: chronic disease marked by itchy, erythematous skin with silvery patchesE. Scleroderma: chronic, progressive disease marked by hardening and shrinking of

connective tissue. Causes ___________________________ or pain in the muscles or joints. F. Varicose veins: veins have a twisting appearance due to loss of _____________________________G. Vitiligo: Loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin, creating milky-white patches.

Figure 1: A section of skin as a representation of the integumentary system

Figure 2: Simplified anatomy of a fingernail