Turn in homework. 1. How did colonial governments differ from the British government? Formal documents provided the basis for colonial government, whereas.

Turn in homework

1. How did colonial governments differ from the British government?Formal documents provided the basis for colonial government, whereas the British government consisted of a collection of accumulated laws. In addition, two thirds of free colonial men qualified to vote, compared to less than one fourth of British men who qualified. 2. Why did the British impose new taxes on the colonies?to pay war debts3. What three tactics did colonists use to protest British taxes?intellectual protests, economic boycotts, & violent intimidations 4. How did tensions between the colonists and Britain escalate after 1767?The colonists were outraged at the passage of the Townshend Acts. They rioted in protest. Britain sent thousands of troops to the colonies for control, but this just angered the colonists. The result was the Boston Massacre. Tensions escalated with the tea tax and the Boston Tea Party.5. How did the Coercive Acts lead to colonial unity?Colonists saw the Coercive Acts as a threat to their liberty. Although they did not agree whether to fight for independence, they united in their protest against the harshness and unfairness of the Intolerable Acts.

• intellectual protests– .– .– .

• economic boycotts– .– .– .

• violent intimidations – .– .– .

Section 2 – Declaring Independence1. What events led the colonists to declare their independence

from Britain?• The battles of Lexington and Concord, the king’s rejection of the

Olive Branch Petition, sending more troops to Boston, and the printing of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense all lead to declaring independence.

2. What actions did the Second Continental Congress take in response to the outbreak of war with Britain?

• Congress took responsibility for the war, sent volunteers from other colonies to fight, and gave George Washington control of the army.

3. Why did Loyalists oppose the Patriots’ cause?• Some Patriot activities were viewed as illegal and brutal. Some

cultural minorities feared oppression. Loyalists disliked Patriot taxes, oaths of loyalty, and militia drafts. Some were angered by the Patriot’s closing of Loyalists newspapers.

4. What ideas were expressed in the Declaration of Independence?• Paine’s idea that the king forced the colonies to revolt, a long list of

grievances, and a declaration that all men are equal with certain natural rights that cannot be taken away.

Section 3 – Turning Points of the War1. What factors helped the Patriots win the war?• The British underestimated the Patriots; the Patriots won the support of the

civilian population; the Patriots had Washington’s leadership; France and Spain provided supplies and support to the Patriots, both officially and unofficially.

2. What were the Patriots’ strengths?• Patriots strengths included the British reluctance to take the Patriot army

seriously, essay by Paine and others in support of the Patriots, Washington’s leadership, and the civilian population’s support for the Patriots.

3. Describe the course (path) of the war in 1777 and 1778.• Despite defeats later in the year, 1777 began with Patriot victories at

Princeton and Saratoga, the later leading to the emergence of the French as an official ally in 1778. The winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge was difficult for Washington’s troop, but the training they received was crucial to their recovery of Philadelphia and their victory at Monmouth in the spring of 1778.

4. Describe the role of Native Americans in the war.• Most Native Americans supported the British because the British promised

to stop westward expansion. Native Americans attacked colonial settlements and fought with the British against the Patriots.

5.3 Turning Points of the War

Section 4 – War’s End and Lasting Effects1. What did the Revolution accomplish, and what ideas did it set in motion?• The Revolution gained American independence from Britain and gave large land

grants to the United States. In the United States, the revolution set in motion ideas about ending slavery and promoting equal rights for women. Around the world, people were inspired to overthrow monarchs, aristocrats, and colonial governments in other countries.

2. Describe the war in the South.• Despite early British victories in many seaports, the British failed to win civilian or

loyalist militia support, leading the South to support the Patriots. Also, Spanish forces attacked British forts, deflecting British attention away from the Patriots. New Continental Army commanders won important victories and caused massive British losses, frustrating British commanders.

3. Explain how the Revolutionary War ended.• Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, destroying British public support for the war.

The Treaty of Paris officially ended the war.4. How did the Revolutionary War affect Loyalists, Native Americans, women, and

slaves?• Loyalists came home to angry mobs, and some were forced to flee the county.

Native Americans were pushed farther west and were forced to sign unfair treaties. Women gained few political or legal rights, but they did gain some respect. Although emancipation took place in many northern states, slavery continued in the South and African Americans gained few rights.

5. How has the Revolution inspired other groups?• With its emphasis on natural rights and republican government, the Revolution

inspired national liberation in Europe, Latin America, African, and Asia.

Revolutionary WarApril 1775 to October 1881

American Colonists vs. Great Britain

(patriots vs. loyalists)

(Continentals vs. Red Coats)

Major Battles:Lexington & Concord April 18 & 19, 1775 British tried to take the

colonial arsenal; British gained nothing & were humiliated

Bunker Hill June 17, 1775 Colonists lost because they ran out of ammunition; “hold your fire until you see the whites of their eyes”

New York 1776 Colonists lost to Hessians because of poor equipment and lack of training

Trenton Dec. 26, 1776 Colonists surprise Hessians and winSaratoga October 1777 Colonists win and earn French helpYorktown October 1781 Washington corners Cornwallis; British

surrender; war ends

TURNING POINT: Saratoga

WINNER: Colonists

RESULTS:• British colonies became independent of British power• Britain, France, and other major powers recognize American

independence• Idea of egalitarianism spread to other European nations

People of the Revolution

• John Locke – English philosopher whose natural rights of “life, liberty, and property” were the basis of the Declaration of Independence

• Charles Cornwallis –Commander of the British Army• George Washington – Commander of the Continental

Army• Marquis de Lafayette – French military leader who

helped the Colonists by leading troops from Virginia• Friedrich von Steuben – Prussian drillmaster who

transformed the Continental Army during the winter of 1777-78 by teaching soldiers how to execute field maneuvers, fire and reload quickly, and wield bayonets