Hi 165 - Centralized Colonial Government

Centralized Colonial Government

Politics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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IntroductionPolitics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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Introductionvv

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Background - Spain ruled for over 333 years - Initially Spain oversaw the Philippines through the viceroy of

Mexico - Mexico regained independence from the Spanish - Spain then ruled the Philippines through a Governor General

!Implementations

- Reduccion - Centralized Government

!Centralized Government

- National Government - Local Government

1. Provincial Government 2. Municipal Government

IntroductionPolitics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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National GovernmentPolitics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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National Governmentvv

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King Philip II, 1565 Miguel Lopez de Legaspi

!Governor General

Head of the national government Considered the Kings representative Highest ranking official Responsibilities

Collect taxes Maintain peace and order Build schools and other infrastructures

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National Governmentvv

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Powers of the Governor General Deport and expel aliens Appoint and dismiss officials Head of the colonial armed forces Supervise all government offices Exercised legislative power Issued proclamation to facilitate new laws

!Peninsulares

Spaniard born in Spain Great distinction

!Mestizo

Spaniard born in the Philippines Inferiors

National Governmentvv

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Abuse of Power Executive + Legislative = Governor General Rise of three new bodies:

The Residencia The Visita The Royal Audencia

!Residencia

Special judicial court Investigate the performance of the Governor General Submit their findings straight to the King The incoming Governor General would also be a part of this

National Governmentvv

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Visitador Visits the different colonies of Spain Observe the conditions Reports his finding straight to the King

!Royal Audencia

Established in the year 1595 Administrative and legislative Jurisdiction over civil and criminal activities Governor General was said to be the President of this body

until 1844 Served as an adviser to the governor Check the abuse or malpractice of the Governor General Audited expenditures of the colonial government Highest court in the land

National Governmentvv

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Abuses Still Persisted Biggest reason: Bribery of the different bodies Source of the bribes: the wealth that he also obtained from

his abuses Result: the abuse of the Filipinos throughout the 115

Governor Generals

National GovernmentPolitics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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Provincial GovernmentPolitics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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Provincial Governmentvv

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Types of Local Government Units 1. Alcaldia 2. Corrigimiento

!Alcaldia

Pacified provinces under Spanish control Headed by the alcalde mayor

!Alcalde Mayor

Represented the government-general and the Spanish king Usually manages the everyday operations of the alcaldia Supervises the collection of taxes and implementation of

laws Also took part in the management of the ayuntamientos (city

governments)

Provincial Governmentvv

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Corregimiento Unpacified military provinces not yet entirely under Spanish

control Headed by corregidores (corregidor)

!Corregidor

Exercised legal roles such as being a judge Inspector of the encomiendas Chief of police Tax collector

Provincial Governmentvv

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Ayuntamiento The city The center of trade and industry Had a city council called cabildo

!Cabildo

Local city council Alcalde mayor Regidores (councilors) Alguacil mayor (police officers) Escribando (secretaries)

Provincial GovernmentPolitics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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Municipal GovernmentPolitics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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Municipal Governmentvv

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Each province was divided into several towns orpueblosheaded by Gobernadordcillos, whose main concerns were efficient governance and tax collection.

Small Salaries Exempted from Tax

!Qualifications

Native or Chinese Mestizo At least 25 years of age Literate in Spanish Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years

Municipal Governmentvv

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Under the Gobernadorcillos were 4 lieutenants to aid him in governance

Teniente Mayor (Chief Lieutenant) Teniente Policia (Police Lieutenant) Teniente de Sementeras (Lieutenant of the Fields) Teniente Ganados (Lieutenant of the Livestock)

!Cabeza de Barangay

Barangay Captain Responsible for governing their assigned barangay,

maintaining peace and order. !Qualifications

Literate in Spanish Have good moral Character and property

Municipal GovernmentPolitics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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ConclusionPolitics and Governance, 1565 - 1810

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Bibliographyvv

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Barrows, David. "Full Text of "The Governor-General of the Philippines Under Spain and the United States""Full Text of "The

Governor-General of the Philippines Under Spain and the United States"N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2014.

Blair and Robertson. "Governors of the Philippines during the Spanish Colonial Period."Governors of the Philippines during the

Spanish Colonial Period. Zamboanga City History, n.d. Web. 04 May 2014.

Catbagan, Emetess. "Socio-Political Environment of the Philippines during the Spanish Regime" Socio-Political Environment of the

Philippines during the Spanish Reign N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.

De Witt, Charles. "The Power of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands to Deport or Expel Aliens,."The Power of the Governor

General of the Philippine Islands to Deport or Expel Aliens,. N.p., 2005. Web. 04 May 2014.

Dela Costa, Horatio. (1965). Readings in Philippine History. Manila: Bookmark.

"Synopsis of Philippine History Pre-Spanish Times."Philippine History | Filipino History. N.p., 12 Feb. 2014. Web. 04 May 2014.

"The Spaniards as Colonial Masters in the Philippines." The Spaniards as Colonial Masters in the Philippines. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May

2014.

"The Spaniards."National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, 23 Apr. 2014. Web. 04 May 2014.

Images: Colonial Government: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1gWe1kPgyJA/Tgzi9QBAoUI/AAAAAAAAEVg/WYlMSa1ZgGE/s1600/MATHER

%252C%2BRichard3.jpg Miguel Lopez de Legazpi: http://www.touroriental.com/img/history/legazpi.jpg