Training Methods Dr. M. Akhter Hossain Director, Training, NIPORT Doctor of Philosophy (UK) Master of Arts (England) Master Trainer (USA) Master of Science, Dhaka University. DHMS, BHMCS, Dhaka.
Jan 19, 2016
Training Methods
Dr. M. Akhter Hossain Director, Training, NIPORT Doctor of Philosophy (UK) Master of Arts (England) Master Trainer (USA) Master of Science, Dhaka University. DHMS, BHMCS, Dhaka.
Training Methods
Definition
Training method is a device used by the trainers to determine the pattern of instructions and participation, and to reinforce the learning process.
Importance of Using Training Methods
To ensure participation To remove monotony To make the topic attractive to the learners To make the topic easier to the participants To establish participants’ ownership in the
learning process To make the session conduction easier To ensure participants attention throughout
the session
Different Training Methods
Brain Storming Discussion Presentation Hands on practice /simulated practice/dummy
practice VIPP method Role Play Case study Group work Question and Answer
Brain Storming
Definition
Brain storming is a participatory technique used by both the trainers / facilitator and trainee/ participants for generating comprehensive ideas or a variety of solutions to problem. In the participatory training this is creative way of generating the greatest number of ideas in the shortest
possible time.
The method is particularly helpful to
Generate definitions Stimulate interest in the topic to be discussed at
the beginning of a lecture Share prior knowledge and expectations Plan program and activities Draw on trainees active participation as an
icebreaker.
Steps of Brain Storming
Step-1
Defining the problem for which solutions are required: The trainer or the group facilitators explain briefly
what he/she wants the participants to do. All members of the brain storm group must be clear
about the kinds of ideas that they are trying to produce.
Steps of Brain Storming Cont….
Step-2
The participants need to be remind the following rules about brainstorming:
All ideas /suggestions are acceptable and must be written down. No censoring/editing is allowed.
The aim is for quantity NOT quality No discussion, criticism, representation or
clarification of any kind is permitted Environment of freedom of thoughts is maintained. Environment for encouraging new ideas and
contributions from maximum number of participants. Should be completed within 5-7 minutes.
Steps of Brain Storming Cont….
Step-3
After about 5-7 minutes or when the responses died off, the group look at the list they have. Then the facilitator will-
Discuss what has come up, especially anything unexpected, explaining any terms of concepts the whole groups are not clear on.
Sort things in to groups Decide to keep some suggestions on the list for future
discussion or to throw them out. The aim is not decide whether the idea is good or not simply to whether it is worth discussing in the present comment.
Steps of Brain Storming Cont….
Step-4
After the review the remaining ideas are discussed to decide which suggestions to accept and to develop the ideas further.
The most important principles to be followed at this stage is that every single ideas are discussed and agreements/consensus are reached.
Presentation/Lecture
The Lecture method is both the most widely used and the most abused technique of training. It is primarily a one way communication: one person presents a prepared talk or a series of facts or information of a particular subject. The lecture is very economical is that little time wasted with discussion.
Opportunities
Time saving Control of topic Repetition Economy Flexible group size
Limitations
One way communication Boredom Attention span Lower retention rate The canned talk Feed back
Lecture Discussion
The lecture discussion is a modified version of the lecture, combining the content session with some discussion on the part of the trainees. This easy modification helps to overcome some of the earlier disadvantages of the lecture techniques used by itself. A lecture can be improved by asking questions that make the audience think about your ideas or concepts
Advantage
The advantage of discussion is that you get immediate feed back and can therefore, immediately correct any misunderstandings. One of the disadvantages is that the group may stay away from the intended topic. More time is required than for the lecture.
Group Work
By group work we mean subdivision of a larger group that
may range in size from three to six trainees. The smallgroup is the basic unit forms, participatory training.
Smallgroups, also known as buzz groups because of its
noise.
It has three characteristics: Active participation Face to face contact Purposeful activity
Opportunities
Involvement of everyone Reduced per pressure Variety of experience Exchange of ideas
Limitations
Unfamiliarity Voluntary participation Lack of leadership Lack of organization
Making group work effective
Keep groups to 3-6 people Be very clear in giving task instructions to groups Monitor the groups Keep track of time Have a plan for how to manage the group reports to the
large group
What is Role Play?
Role playing has an important place in training as a method of simulating real life situations, from the lives of other people besides the ones who are playing the role in order to understand these situations better. It is an effective way of bringing into the classroom the real life situations which otherwise may not be possible.
Advantages of Role Play
The real situation of field can be dramatized in the classroom situation
Learning becomes attractive Subject becomes easier to the participants In many cases expensive field training can be avoided Communication skills is easily be mastered Personal development is quickened by receiving feedback from
all It helps trainees to work independently It is useful in strengthening the skills of human interaction The trainee can practice and receive expert advice or criticism
and opinion of other colleagues in a ‘protected training situation’
Limitations
All topics can not be taught through this method Expected result can not be achieved, if there is lack
of skill of the trainer in facilitating the role-play session
The trainees may be inactive or too embarrassed It may not have relationship to reality
Concept of Demonstration
In this techniques trainer / demonstrator shows the process of a skill in front of the trainees slowly and perfectly using the relevant materials and aids. Here the role of demonstrator is vital
Advantages
Audio and visual organs work together Helps to memorize the subject Easy to understand the subject Make the subject attractive Taking part in demonstration learners get exposure
with the real job Participants are more convinced because they see
things for themselves It does not sound theoretical but practical It gives an opportunity to the trainees to practice.
Therefore, it gives them confidence
Limitations:
Result can not expected as desired if demonstration is not done perfectly
Learning becomes in effective if chart/material/aides is to small or unclear
Demonstration can not be applied for every topics Desired result can not be achieved in large group The required equipment may not always be available
or may be two sophisticated to be used in real life situation
Case Study
The Case stud is another important technique that should become familiar with and know how to use properly. The case study is an actual presentation, either written or verbal, of an incident that either did or could happen in related area.
Steps in delivering a Case Study
Make a transition from the previous activity Distribute case to participants Provide an opportunity to read the case Briefly overview the case, clarify facts of the case You may give task instructions at this point Divide learners in to small groups to wok on the
task Monitor small group work Manage group report outs and process the
discussion using facilitation skills.
Limitations
Artificiality Time consuming Cost Lack of information Identifiably