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NAZZA R RAMDHAGAMA

1102014190

SASARAN BELAJAR 

LI. 1 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI ANATOMI SALURAN

PERNAPASAN ATAS

LO.1.1 MAKROSKOPIS

LO.1.2 MIKROSKOPIS

LI.2 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI MEKANISME

PERTAHANAN SALURAN NAPAS ATAS

LO.3.1 FUNGSI

LO.3.2 MEKANISME

LI.3 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI RHINITIS ALERGI

LO.4.1 DEFINISI

LO.4.2 ETIOLOGI

LO.4.3 EPIDEMIOLOGI

LO.4.4 KLASIFIKASI

LO.4.5 PATOFISIOLOGI

LO.4.6 MANIFESTASI KLINIS

LO.4.7 DIAGNOSIS & DIAGNOSIS BANDING

LO.4.8 PENATALAKSANAAN

LO.4.9 KOMPLIKASI

LO.4.10 PROGNOSIS

LI.4 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN ADAB BERSIN DALAM ISLAM

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LI. 1 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI ANATOMI SALURAN

PERNAPASAN ATAS

LO.1.1 MAKROSKOPIS SALURAN PERNAPASAN ATAS

1. HIDUNG

O!"# $%"'" ("#! )%*+#!,- "/"' ,"/+"# #"$",. T%"$" %,-)+/+' #",- ("#!%"$" -/-" "," ("#! )%*+#!,- ,%)"!"- ,"-#!"# +"". B"!-"# "/"' #!!" -+#! ""%)%#+ %#!"# ("#! -,%)+ "+' #",- '+/"- "- #"%, "#%- ,"'$"- % #"%,

 $,%- /"/+ % #",*"-#!.

S%" "#"" %+" #!!" -+#! -)"",- -#-#! ("#! )%","/ "- +/"#! "#'++," ("-+ ,%$+' #",- ("#! -)%#+ /% ". "-/"! ,%$- #",

 ). O, '%.L"'-#" $%$%#-+/"-, , %'-"/-,

D-#-#! ,+$%- #!!" -+#! ,%'$- -)%#+ /"'-#" -)*'-, %'-"/-,("#! '%'-,""# #!!" %#!" %#!"# #!!" -+#!. D-#-#! -#*%- -)%#+ ,'"-//" "# , $"/"-#+'.

Ukura Par!"k#$ D"%ar"& O$#'

: 10 ;'

@ 2 ;' P"+?$"+ =,%/ /%+,- "# %#%/-"/ $"+>

A" 2 "" $%'%-,""# -+#! ("-+ -#,$( "#%- "# $,%-. P"" "#%- -"+' #",- - ,-,- /"%"/ %"$" #" #","/-, ("#! %)%#+ "- +/"#! -$-, "# -++$-'+," ("#! '%#!%/+""# /%#- "# - '%-"/ %/-" -#-#! ,%$+' #",-. P"" $,%-"$" %/-" #",*"-#! "#"% )"!-"# ++#! )%/""#! #"% #","/-, '%-" "# -#*%-

 +!" %/-" OPTA ("#! )%+)+#!"# %#!"# %/-#!".U"" ("#! --+$ '%/"/+- -+#! ""# '%#!"/"'- -!" "/

• D-"#!""#• D-,"-#!• D-/%')")"#

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-#-#! "", '"-//" %"$" '%"+, #","/-, -#*%-. S-#+,?,-#+, ("#! )%+)+#!"# %#!"#"+' #",- -,%)+ ,-#+, $""#","/-,

". S-#+, ,$%#-"/-, '%#!%/+""#,%%,-#(" '%/"/+- '%"+, ,+$%-

 ). S-#+, *#"/-, % '%"+, '%-". S-#+, '"-//"-, % '%"+,'%-". S-#+, %'-"/-, % '%"+,,+$%- "# '%-".

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#",*"-#! %"$" +)+#!"# "#"" -+#! "# #!!" %/-#!" '%/"/+- OPTA =O,%+'P"(#!%+' T+)" A+--"> %+,"--. A/+#(" )%#"'" +, )"-+,.

P#r%ara(a '")u&

P%,""*"# ,%#,- "# ,%%'- -+#! 1. D%$"# "# "", "+' #",- '%#"$" $%,""*"# ,%#,-, "- ")"#! #%+, $"/'-+,2. B"!-"# /"-##(" %'",+ '++," -+#! "+' #",- -$%,""*- !"#!/-# ,*%#$"/"-#+'.

 N",*"-#! "# #" #","/-, '%#"$" $%,""*"# ,%#,- "- ")"#! !"#!/-# $%(!$"/"-#+'.

2. FARINGP-$" )% ("#! )%"/"# "- "," %#!","'$"- $%,"')+#!"##(" %#!"# %,$"!+, $""%-#!!-"# +/"#! ""# K--. M"" /%"#(" -

 )%/""#! /"-# =/"-#?*"-#!%"/>. F"-#! %)"!-'%#"- 3 ("-+". N",*"-#! %"$" P"(#!%"/ T#,-/ "# T+)"E+,"-+,

 ). O*"-#! '%+$""# $%%'+"# #!!" '+/+

%#!"# *"-#! %"$" $"#!"/ /-" !")+#!"#,-,%' %,$-",- "# $%#%#""#. L"-#!*"-#! %"- $%,-/"#!"# "#"" "/-"#+"" "# "/-"# '""#"#.

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3. LARING

D"%" ("#! -'+/"- "- "-+, /"(#!-, ,"'$"- )"", )"" "-/"! --. R"#!" /"-#! %)%#+ "-+/"#! ""# "# +/"#!. L"-#! ""/" )"!-"# %)""

"- ,"/+"# #"$", "",.1. B%)%#+ +/"#! ""/" , (-2. B%)%#+ +/"#! ""# ""/" (- 1 )+""(%#- 2 )+" %$-!/-, 1 )+". P"" "(%#- )"!-"#++#! "" +/"#! ""# %-/ "-/"! #++/"" "#+#%-*'%.3. T+/"#! ""# "# #(" )%","/ "- '%,%#-'/%#!+#! *"-#! % 4 "# % 6. M%,%#-#

 )%$/-*%",- %#!"# %$" "-+, /"-#!-, )%+)" )%#+ "- %/" ,"!-"/ '%#"- /+)"#! )%#+ T.'%,%#-# %+" /%#!+#! *"-#! '%#"- "-/"!--%" --%" ,%" "#%#-%". E$-%/ /"-#!

 )%$/-*%",- %#!"# %$".

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O? /"-#! ". O %-#,- /"-#!

• M.-(-• M. (%$-!/-+,

 ). O -#-#,- /"-#!• M.-"(%#- $,%- ("#! '%')+" $/-" "/-,. -" %"$" !"#!!+"# $""

-#- '"" )-," '%#(%)")"# "#! %%- "# '%#-#!!"/ "%#" -'" !/--,%++$. O -#- -,%)+ +!" ,"*%( '+,/% * /"(#.

• M. -"(%#- /"%"/-, ("#! '%#++$ $/-" "/-, "# '%#++$ -'" !/-,• M. "(%#- "#,%,+, "# )/-• M."/-,• M. "(%$-!/-"• M. ("(%#-

D"/"' "+' /"(#!-, %"$" P/-" "/-, ("-+ $-" ,+"" ",/- ,%"#!"# $/-" %,-)+/"-, ""/" $-" ,+"" $"/,+. A#""

 $/-" "/-, -- "# "#"# %"$" -'" !/--, ,%"#!"# "#"" $/-" %,-)+/"-,%"$" -'" %,-)+/-. P%,(""*"# "%" /"-#! ""/" ,%")+ #%+, "!+, %#!"# ")"#!% /"-#! ,%)"!"- #./"(#!-, ,+$%- "# #. %+%#.

LO.1.2 MIKROSKOPIS SALURAN PERNAPASAN ATASS-,%' $%#"$","# )-,""#(" -)"!- '%#"- 2 "%" +"'"

1. B"!-"# #+,- '%/-$+- #!!" -+#! #",*"-#! /"-#! "%" )#+, )#-/+, "# )#-/+, %'-#"/-,

2. B"!-"# %,$-",- '%/-$+- )#-/+, %,$-"-+, ++, "/%/"-, "#"/%/+,.

S%)"!-"# )%," )"!-"# #+,- -/"$-,- %$-%/ %,$-",- ("-+ %$-%/ )%-#!" ,-/-#-, )%,-/-" %#!"# ,%/ !)/%. D%#!"# '%#!!+#""# '-,$ %/%# "$" -/-" "" 5'""' ,%/ %$-%/ %,$-",- ("-+ ,%/ ,-/-#-, )%,-/-" ,%/ !)/% '+," ,%/ ,-" =)+, %//,>,%/ )","/ "# ,%/ !"#+/ %-/.

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1. Ba&"a K+)uk%"

R#!!" -+#! N",*"-#! L"-#! T"%" B#+, B#-/+, B#-/+, %'-#"/-,

2. Ba&"a R#%-"ra%" /!#-a! #r$a&%u&*a -#r!ukara &a%

B#+, %,$-"-+, D++, "/%/"-, A/%/+, M--$ "#+#! S%)"!-"# )%," $"+.

R+&&a '")u&

R#!!" -+#! %-- "", %,-)+/+' "# *," #","/-,. P"" %,-)+/+' - ,%-" #"%, %"$" %/%#" ,%)",%" "# -)-," =)+/+ -+#!>. E$-%/ - "/"' %,-)+/+''%+$""# %$-%/ %,$-",- ,%)%/+' '%'",+- *," #","/-,. P"" *," #","/-, ="+' #",->("#! -)"!- +" /% ,%$+' #",- $"" !"-, '%-"/ %"$" #" =,+$%- '%-"-#*%-> $"" '",-#!?'",-#! -#-#! /"%"/#(". K#" '%-" "# -#*%- -++$- /%%$-%/ %,$-",- ,%"#!"# #" ,+$%- -++$- /% #-"!#$ +$(ak!+r"u% ("#! +,+, +#+ *+#!,- '%#!-+'%')"+-. E$-%/ /*"-+, %,%)+ %-- "", %#$ -#*+k+&%#$%u%!#!aku$#r %#$ +$(ak!+r"u% =#%+# )-$/" %#!"# %#- ("#! '%/%)" - $%'+""#%$-%/ /*"-+, "# )%,-/-" )%*+#!,- ,%)"!"- %,%$ "# '%'-/-- ",# ("#! )%,-#"$,%#!"# #%+# /*"-+, "> %#$ a%a$ =)%)%#+ $-"'-> "# k#$#5ar B+6a $""/"'-#" $$-". K%/%#" B'"# '%#!",-/"# ,%% ("#! '%')%,-"# ,-/-" ,%//*"-+, ,%-#!!" '%'+""# ",%, #%+# +#+ '%')"+- "?". A"#(" -)-,"#" "# ",+/"-,",- ("#! ", $"" #!!" -+#! '%')+" ,%-"$ +"" ("#! '",+ '%#!"/"'- $%')%,-"# $%/%')"$"# "# $%#!"#!""# ,%)%/+' '",+ /%)- "+.

S-/-" )%*+#!,- +#+ '%##! /%#- % "" #",*"-#! +#+ %%/"# ""+-%/+""# =)"+> .S%/ !)/% "# %/%#" "'$+ - /"'-#" $$-" '#!",-/"# ,%%+#+ '%#"!" %/%')")"# -+#! "# '%#"#!"$ $"-%/ %)+ "/+, . D- )"" %$-%/#" -#*%- %"$" %6#$$ +)"#% '%+$""# */%,+, #,+, +#+ '%#!"#!""#+"" -#,$-",- %$-%/ /*"- ", $"" #" ,+$%-Pa)a a&"a k+)uk%" 7

D%#!"# ""#(" +/"#! ""# ,%" %/",-# /"!%# "# $/, →  )%,-*" "+ "#*/%,-)%/ ("#! )%*+#!,- U#+ '%#!"/-"# +"" % "# "- $"+ "# '%#(-"$"# +""("#! '",+ 

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 N",*"-#! -/"$-,- /% #-"!#$ r#%-"ra%" $"" )"!-"# ("#! )%#" %#!"# $"/"+' '/%,%"#!"# *"-#! -/"$-,- #-"!#$ !"-# %kua+%a-#&.

T%-- "-  N",*"-#! =%$-%/ )%-#!" " )%,-/-" %#!"# ,%/

!)/%> O*"-#! =%$-%/ )%/"$-, !%$%#! %#!"# /"$-,"#

"#+> L"-#!*"-#! =%$-%/ )%"-",->

Lar"&

L"-#! '%+$""# )"!-"# ("#! '%#!+)+#!"# *"-#! %#!"# "%". Pa)a $a"a -r+-r"a$ar"& !#r)a-a! !u$a& ra6a '"a$" )a #$a%!"  ("#! )%*+#!,- ,%)"!"- "+$ ("#!'%#%!" '",+#(" '""#"# "# ,%)"!"- "/" $%#!",-/ ,+"" $"" *+#!,- *#",-. E$-!/-,

'%+$""# +/+"# "- %$-"# /"-#! '%/+", % *"-#! "# '%'-/-- $%'+""# /-#!+"/ "#/"-#!%"/. B"!-"# /-#!+"/ "# "$-"/ %$-!/-, -++$- /% #-"!#$ -#& #r$a-"% ,%"#!"# $%'+""# /"-#!%"/ -++$- /% #-"!#$ r#%-"ra%" #r!"&ka! #r%"$")r"% #r%"$"a. D- )"" %$-%/ %"$" %/%#" "'$+"# '+," "# ,%,".

E-"&$+!!"%

M%'-/-- $%'+""# /-#!+"/ "# /"(#!%"/. S%/++ $%'+""# /"-#!%"/ -++$- /%%$-%/ )%/"$-, !%$%#! '%#%"- )",-, %$-!/-, $"" ,-,- /"-#!%"/ %$-%/ -#- '%#!"/"'-

 $%"/-"# '%#"- %$-%/ )%-#!" ,-/-#-, )%,-/-"

LI.2 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI MEKANISMEPERTAHANAN SALURAN NAPAS ATAS

LO.3.1 8UNGSI

P%#"$","# ""+ %,$-",- ""/" '%#!-+$ +"" "- /+" ("#! '%#!"#+#! O2%"/"' +)+ ,%" '%#!%')+,"# +"" ("#! )"#(" '%#!"#+#! O2 ,%)"!"- ,-," "-,-",- ("#! %/+" "- +)+. P,%, $%#!-+$"# +"" -#- -,%)+ -#,$-",- "#'%#!%')+,"# -,%)+ %,$-",-

8u&%" u!aa -#ra-a%a7

• M%#"'-# %,%-"#(" O2 +#+ %/"#!,+#!"# '%")/-,'% ,%/ ,%/ +)+.

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• M%#!%/+""# O2 ,%)"!"- ",-/ '%")/-,'% ,%/ ,%"" %+, '%#%+,.

8u&%" !aa'a -#ra-a%a7

• M%#!%/+""# "- "# $"#", "- +)+•

P,%, )%)-"" '%#("#(- "# "/-,",-• M%#-#!""# "/-"# )"/- %#"• M%#!%/+""# '%'-*-",-"# '%#!"-*"# "# '%#!-#"-*"# )""# ("#!

'%/%"- ,-+/",- $+/'#"/ ,%$%- $,"!/"#-#

8u&%" %a$ura -#ra-a%a7

• P%""#"# )%#" ",-#! ("#! '",+ ,"/+"# #"*",.

P"-%/ ++"# /%)- 10 +' ""# -"')" )+/+ )+/+ -+#!. P"-%/ ++"# 2?10 +'-"#!"$ /% ,-/-".-/-"( %,"/" '%##! %/+" !# %%$""# 16 '''%#-

• M%#++#"# ,++ +"" $%#"*","# ,%,+"- %#!"# ,++ +)+ /% $%')+/+ "" $""

'+," -+#! "# ,"/+"# +"".• H-+#! ,%)"!"- !"# $%#!-+.

• M%/%')")"# +"" $%#"*","#

H"/ -#- )%++"# +#+ '%#%!" '%#!%-#!#(" $%'+""# '%')"# "/%/-. F+#!,--#- -/"+"# /% '++, (! -",-/"# %/ ,%)",%" "# ,%/ !)/% $"" '+," -+#!"# *"-#!.

Pr+%#% -#ra-a%a )"a&" #5a)" 2*a"!u7

1 P%#"$","# /+" =%,%#"/>

P,%, $%+""# O2 "# O2 "#" ,%/?,%/ +)+ %#!"# +"" /+"$%+""# !","#"" "" "# "',*%.

2 P%#"$","# "/"' =-#%#"/>P%+""# !", "#"" "" ,-+/",- %#!"# ,%/ "-#!"#. T%"- $%#!!+#""# O2 +#+ 

 $,%, '%")/-,'% -#",%/ "/"' '-#-" "# $%')%#+"# O2 ,%" $%+""#!", "#"" ,%/?,%/ +)+ %#!"# '%-" "- ,%-"#(".

S#ara (u&%"+a$ /(aa$ %a$ura -#ra(a%a )a-a! )"a&" #5a)" )ua a&"a *a"!u 7

1. #" K#+,-

#" #+,- )%$%"# ,%)"!"- ,"/+"# %'$" /%"#(" +"" $%#"$","# ,%"'%')%,-"# '%/%')")"# "# '%#("'""# ,++ +"" $%#"$","# %#!"# ,++ +)+.D-,"'$-#! -+ #" #+,- +!" )%$%"# $"" $,%, $%')%#+"# ,+"". #" #+,-%-- "- -+#! *"-#! "%" )#+, ,%" )#-/- %'-#"/-,.T"%" "$" +!" -+/+- ,%)"!"- %,"/"?'+?,-/-"-, "%#" ,-/-" $"" "%" "$"'%##! )%#" ",-#! ("#! %-" " '++, % "" *"-#! ("#! %'+-"# "$" -%/"#""+ -%/+""#. S-/-" "$" -+," /% )""#?)""# )%"+# ("#! %"#+#! "/"' ","$.S++ )#- $-'% '",- ,%+$" %#!"# ,++ "%". P"" )"!-"# "- "- )#--#-# +/"#! ""# ("#! ++ )%+)" '%#"- /%'$%#!"#?/%'$%#!"#. P"" )#-/-

%'-#"/-, ,++ +/"#! ""# '%#!-/"#! "# ,"/+"# +"" $"" "%" -#- "#("-/-#!"- /% $/,. S++ ,%'""' -#- '%#(%)")"# )#-/- /%)- %#"# %""$

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 $%#(-'$""# ("#! "$" -,%)")"# /% )%)%"$" *". B#-/- '%'$+#("- ,-/-" "# "'++,.

B""#?)""# %)-, - "/%/- -"#!"$ /% ,%/ '"*"! ("#! %"$" $"" "/%/-%'+-"# -)"" /% /"$-,"# '+," "# ,%/"#+#(" -)+"#!.

2. #" R%,$-"-#" %,$-"- %-- "- "/%/- "# ,++ ("#! )%+)+#!"#. P%+""# !", "#""+"" "# "" %"- - "/"' "/%/-. S%/"-# ,++ -"", %"$" $+/" ,++ ("#!/"-# ,%$%- )+/+?)+/+ $"" $-#+ '",+ ("#! $%#-#! +#+ '%#("-#! $"-%/?$"-%/ ("#!'",+.

LO.3.2 MEKANISME

1 M%"#-,'% $%#"$","# )%",""# "#"'-

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

2 M%"#-,'% $%#"$","# )%",""# *-,-/!-#("

I#,$-",- '%+$""# $,%, "-* ""# %"- #",- -#,$-",- ""#'%#-#!""# /+'% -#"""/%"#"# -#"$/%+" - )"!-"# )",-, $"+ ""# ++# "-#'"/ ,%-" ?25 '' H! =%/"-* %""$ %"#"# "',*%> $"" ""/ -#,$-",- '%#"-  6 '' H!."-#!"# $"+ ,%'"#!-# %!"#! %"#"# - "/"' ,"/+"# +"" '%#"- ,%--/%)- #%!"-* "# +"" '%#!"/- %"/"' $"+.$"" "- -#,$-",- "(" %-/ $"+ '+/"-'%#"- -#-#! "" %')"/- % %++"# %,$-",- ,"'$"- %"$"- %,%-')"#!"#%')"/- "#"" "(" %-/ "-#!"# $"+ "# -#-#! "".%"#"# -"/"' ,"/+"# +""'%#"- ,%-- $,--* "# +"" '%#!"/- '%#-#!!"/"# $"+,%/"'" $%#"$","#%#"#!%,$-",- '%+$""# $,%, $",-* ("#! -" '%'%/+"# #",- +#+ '%#++#"# /+'% -#"""/#"'+# $"" ""/ %,$-",- '",- %"$" #",- -#!"# -#,$-",-#",- -#- )%*+#!,- ,%)"!"- $%%"' "(" %-/ $"+ "# '%'$%/"')"%,$-",-.

MEKANISME BATUK

S%/++ ,"/+"# #"*", "- -+#! ,"'$"- )#-/+, %'-#"/-, -$%""#"# "!" %"$/%')") /% ,%/"$-, '+," ("#! '%/"$-,- ,%/++ $%'+""#. M++, -#- -,%%,-"#,%)"!-"# /% ,%/ !)/% "/"' %$-%/ ,"/+"# #"*", "# ,%)"!-"# /"!- /% %/%#",+)'+," ("#! %-/. B"+ ("#! -" %*%-* "$" '%#-')+/"# $%#+'$+"# ,%% ("#!

 )%/%)-"# "%/%",-, !"#!!+"# $%+""# !", "# /"-#?/"-#.

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M%"#-,'% )"+ -)"!- '%#"- 3 *",%

• F",% 1 =I#,$-",->

P"+2 '%'",+"# +"#! /%)- 25 /-% +"" %,*"!+, "# $-" ,+"" '%#++$ ,%-#!!"+"" %%" "/"' $"+2

• F",% 2 =K'$%,->

O $%+ )%#",- -"*"!'" #"- "# '%#%"# $"+2 --+- $+/" %#!"# #",--#%," -#%#+,. P"" "-#(" ""# '%#(%)")"# %"#"# $"" $"+2 '%#-#!" -#!!"100''!.

• F",% 3 =E,$-",->

S$#"# %,*"!+, "# $-" ,+"" %)+" "# +"" '%/%" %/+" "- $"+

MEKANISME BERSIN

R%*/% )%,-# '--$ %#!"# %*/% )"+ %+"/- )"" %*/%, -#- )%/"#!,+#! $"" ,"/+"#-+#! )+"# $"" ,"/+"# $%#"$","# )"!-"# )"". R"#!,"#!"# ""/ '%#-')+/"#%*/%, )%,-# ""/" --",- "/"' ,"/+"# -+#! -'$+/, ,""* "*%%# )%"/"# "/"' #%+,% /-'" '%#++ '%+//" %'$" %*/%, -#- -%+,"#. T%"- ,%"#!"-"# %",- ("#! '--$%#!"# %*/%, )"+ %"$- ++/" -%"# ,%-#!!" ,%+'/" )%," +"" %#!"# %$"'%/"/+- -+#! %#!"# %'--"# '%')"#+ '%')%,-"# ,"/+"# -+#! "- )%#" ",-#!.

LI.3 MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN MENGENAI RHINITIS ALERGI

LO.3.1 DE8INISI

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LO.3.2 ETIOLOGI

R-#--, "/%!- '%/-)""# -#%",- "#"" /-#!+#!"# %#!"# $%-,$,-,- !%#%- "/"' $%%')"#!"# $%#("-#(". F" !%#%- "# %%-% ,"#!" )%$%"# $""%,$%,- -#--, "/%!-. P%#(%)") %,%-#! ""/" "//%!%# -#"/"# $"" %"," "# -#!%,"#

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R-#--, "/%!- '+,-'"# )-","#(" )%+$" ,%)+ ,"- ""+ "'+. R-#--, "/%!- $%%##-"/ -"#""#(" %)+ +#!"+ = Dermatophagoides farinae "#  Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus> "'+ )-#""#! $%/-"""# "# )-#""#! $%#!%". F" %,- %$"$"#("%)+ +#!"+ )-","#(" "$% ,$%- ,++ -#!!- "# %/%')")"# +"". B%)"!"- $%'-+("#! )-," )%$%"# "# '%'$%)%" ""/" )%)%"$" *" ##,$%,-*- -"#""#(" ","$ $/+,- +"" )"+ "'" ("#! +" ""+ '%"#!,"#! "# $%+)""# +"".

B%",""# "" '",+#(" "//%!%# -)"!- "",

• A//%!%# -#"/"# ("#! '",+ )%,"'" %#!"# +"" $%#"*","# '-,"/#(" %)++'" +#!"+ ,%$-"# %$-%/ )+/+ )-#""#! ,%" "'+.

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LO 3.3 EPIDEMIOLOGI

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R-#--, '%+$""# ,"/" ,"+ $%#("- $"/-#! +'+' ("#! %"$" - "'%-" S%-"'%'$%#!"+- /%)- "- 50 +" "#!. K%"""# -#- ,%-#! )%+)+#!"# %#!"# %/"-#"# $%#"$","# /"-##(" ,%$%- ",'". R-#--, '%')%-"# $%#!"+ ("#! ,-!#-*-"# $""+"/-", -+$. P"" )%)%"$" ",+, "$" '%#(%)")"# #-,- /"-##(" ,%$%- '","/"

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LO.3.4 KLASI8IKASI

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Rhinitis Allergi

1 Berdasarkan waktu paparannya:a Rhinitis seasonal : alergi karena usian! seperti ser"uk sari "unga

yang "ersi#at eksternal$ luar ruah" Rhinitis parrenial: tanpa tergantung usi% &o: alergi de"u! kutu

ruah! "ulu "inatang! 'aur! yang "iasanya diteukan di dalaruah%

2 Berdasarkan si#at "erlangsungnya:

a (nteriten )kadang*kadang+: "ila ge'ala kurang dari 14 hari$ ingguatau kurang dari 4 inggu%

" ,resisten $ enetap : "ila ge'ala le"ih dari 4 hari$inggu dan le"ihdari 4 inggu%

3 Berdasarkan tingkat "erat ringannya penyakit:a Ringan : "ila tidak diteukan gangguan tidur! gangguan akti-itas

harian%" .edang "erat : "ila terrdapat satu atau le"ih dari gangguan

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LO.3. PATO8ISIOLOGI

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R-#--, "/%!- '%+$""# ,+"+ $%#("- -#*/"'",- ("#! -""/- %#!"# ""$,%#,--,",- "# --+- %#!"# %",- "/%!-. R%",- "/%!- %-- "- 2 *",% ("-+ -''%-"%

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  IL?4 "# IL?3 "$" --" /% %,%$#(" - $%'+""# ,%/ /-'*,- B ,%-#!!" ,%//-'*,- B '%#"- "-* "# ""# '%'$+,- -''+#!/)+/-# E =I!E>. I!E - ,-+/",-"" ""# '",+ % "-#!"# "# --" /% %,%$ I!E - $%'+""# ,%/ '",,- ""+

 )",$-/ =,%/ '%-"> ,%-#!!" %+" ,%/ -#- '%#"- "-*. P,%, -#- -,%)+ ,%#,--,",-("#! '%#!",-/"# ,%/ '%-" ("#! %,%#,--,",-. B-/" '+," ("#! ,+" %,%#,--,",-%$"$" "//%!%# ("#! ,"'" '"" %+" "#"- I!E ""# '%#!-" "//%!%# ("#! ,$%,-*- "#%"- %!"#+/",- =$%"#(" -#-#! ,%/> '",,- "# )",$-/ %#!"# "-)" %/%$",#("'%-" -'-" ("#! ,+" %)%#+ =P%*'% M%-",> %+"'" -,"'-#%. S%/"-#-,"'-#% +!" -%/+""# N%/( F'% M%-", "#"" /"-# $,"!/"#-# D2A-"-#! F" =PAF> )%)"!"- ,--# =IL?3 IL?4 IL?5 IL?6 IL? 6 GM?SF=G"#+/(%, M"$"!% /#( S-'+/"-#! F"> "# /"-#?/"-#. I#-/" ("#! -,%)+,%)"!"- %",- "/%!- *",% %$" =RAF>.

  H-,"'-#% ""# '%"#!,"#! %,%$ H1 $"" ++#! ,""* --"#+, ,%-#!!"'%#-')+/"# "," !""/ $"" -+#! "# )%,-#?)%,-#. H-,"'-#% +!" '%#(%)")"#%/%#" '+," "# ,%/ !)/% '%#!"/"'- -$%,%%,- "# $%'%")-/-", "$-/% '%#-#!",%-#!!" %"- -#%. G%"/" /"-# ""/" -+#! %,+')" "-)" ",-/"",- ,-#+,-.S%/"-# -,"'-#% '%"#!,"#! ++#! ,""* .

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S%"" M-,$- "'$" ""#(" -/"",- $%')+/+ %#!"# $%')%,""# ,%/ !)/%"# ,%/ $%')%#+ )","/ ,%" -%'+"# -#*-/",- ,%/?,%/ %,-#$-/ $"" "-#!"# '+,""# ,+)'+," -+#!. G"')""# ("#! -%'+"# %"$" $"" ,"" ,%"#!"#. D-/+" %"""# ,%"#!"# '+," %')"/- #'"/. A"# %"$- ,%"#!"# "$" %"- %+,?'%#%+,,%$"#"#! "+# ,%-#!!" /"'" %/"'""# %"- $%+)""# ("#! -%%,-)/% ("-+ %"-

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1. R%,$# $-'% T%"- $,%, %/-'-#",- "# *"!,-,-, =A!>. R%",- -#- )%,-*" ## ,$%,-*- 

"# "$" )%"- ,"'$"- -,-#-. B-/" A! -" )%",-/ ,%/++#(" --/"#!"# %",- )%/"#+ '%#"- %,$# ,%+#%.

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LO.3.: MANI8ESTASI KLINIS

G%"/" ("#! -')+/ $"" -#--, "/%!- "#"" /"-#

G%"/" -#--, "/%!- ("#! ", -"/" %"$"#(" ,%"#!"# )%,-# )%+/"#! )-/"

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!""/ ("#! ""#!?""#! -,%"- %#!"# )"#(" "- '"" %/+" =/"-'",->.F"-#!--, !"#+/% "-)" -$%$/",-" ,+)'+," "-#!"# /-'*-.S+"" ,%" "# %%'" $-" ,+""

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%)-",""# '%#!!, -+#!.

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G%"/" /"-# ("#! -" ", "$" )%+$" )"+ ,"- %$"/" '","/" $%#-+'"# '%#!- $%#%"#"# $"" ,-#+, "# #(%- "" $, #","/ -$. B%)%"$" "#! +!" '%#!"/"'-/%'" "# /%,+ '+" '"" %-/"#!"# #"*,+ '""# "# ,+/- -+.

LO.3.; DIAGNOSIS

Aa#%"%A#"'#%,-, ,"#!" $%#-#! "%#" ,%-#! "/- ,%"#!"# -" %"- -""$"# $%'%-,".

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P%/+ -"#(""# $/" !%"/" =-/"#! -')+/ '%#%"$> )%,%" #,% "# %$"""##("-%#-*-",- *" $%-,$,-,- "%#" *" !%#%- "# %%-% ,"#!" )%$%"# $""%,$%,- -#--, "/%!- %,$# %""$ $%#!)""# #-,- /-#!+#!"# "# $%%""#. R-#--,

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P"" '+" )-","#(" -"$""# !"-,  Dennie-Morgan "# allergic shinner  ("-+ )"("#!"# !%/"$ - "%" )"" '"" "%#" ,",-, %#" ,%+#% "-)" ),+,- -+#!=I""- 2002>. S%/"-# -+ "$" -%'+"# +!" allergic crease ("-+ )%+$" !"-, '%/-#"#!

 $"" ,+' #",- )"!-"# ,%$%-!" )"". G"-, -#- -')+/ "-)" -+#! ("#! ,%-#!-!,?!, /% $+#!!+#! "#!"# =allergic salute).

P"" $%'%-,""# -#,$- -%'+"# '+," -+#! )"," )%"#" $+" ""+ /--%#!"# #" %%'" "# ,%% ("#! %#% "# )"#(". P%/+ +!" -/-" ""#(" %/"-#"#,%$+' ""+ $/-$ -+#! ("#! "$" '%'$%)%" !%"/" -+#! %,+')". S%/"-# -+ "$"

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RAST = Radio Immuno Sorbent Test > ""+ ELISA = Enyme !in"ed Immuno Sorbent AssayTest >. P%'%-,""# ,-/!- -+#! "/"+$+# -" "$" '%'",-"# -"!#,-, %"$

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A!" H"%!a" A!a&+"% H>1

• F"'"-#"'- A#"!#-, '$%--* $"" $%')+/+ "" )#+, "# )%'""'?'""' $/,.S%/"-# -+ AH1 )%'"#*"" +#+ '%#!)"- %",- -$%,%#,---", ""+ %"""# /"-# ("#!-,%"- $%#!%/%$","# -,"'-# %#!%# )%/%)-"#.

•

F"'"-#%- S%%/" $%')%-"# "/ ""+ $"%#%"/ AH1 -"),$,- ,%"" )"-. K"" %-#!!- %"$" $"" $"+?$"+ ,%"#!"# $"" /-'$" !-#"/ " "# +/- ""#(" /%)- %#".T%'$" +"'" )-"#,*'",- AH1 ""/" "-.

1. P%#!!/#!"# AH1AH !%#%",- 1# %"#/"'-#

E-/%#%"'-#P-$%"-#A/-/"'-#D%-" *%#-"-#

K%%"#!"# AH1 ? ,%",- -#!"#?)%"? "#-'-%- "# '$,-,- )" */+? "#-'-# ,-#%,,

I#-",- AH1 )%!+#" +#+ $%#("- * A/%!-* M")+ $%"/"#"#* A#",%,- /"/* U#+ ",'" )%)"!"- $*-/",-,

2. E*% ,"'$-#!

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". P%')%-"# "$" "/"' ')-#",- ""+ "#$" ')-#",- %#!"#%#!%,"# ,%"" $%"/.

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. K/-#%!- 

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D#k+%!a Na%a$

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"),$,- ,-,%'- 

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• # O)" #"*"/-#%"-/-#,-'%"/-# "# -/'%"/-#

O)" %#!%,"# $-"/ "# +",- ",-#(" O)" D+",-A,-Ak%"P#)#k 

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• S%"" +'+' -" -"#+"# "%#" %*% /-#-, '",- -"!+"# "# $+#(" )"#(" %*% ,"'$-#!

# )" E*%-#*%#-/$$"#/"'-# "# *%#-/%*-#• I#%, %"$- ,%'$-%,- -$%%#,-• E*%-#

A"/" "/"/- ("#! %"$" "/"' +')+"# %*%". E*%-* $"" $%')%-"# "/ '","%" $"#"#! %*% ,%#"/#(" +". B%%" $"" %,%$ "/*" )%" 1 "# )%" 2.E*% "-",+/" %"#"# ,-,/- "# -",/- '%#-#!" %"#"# #"- '%')%,".T%"- $%#-#!""# %"#"# "" "%#" ",#-,- "# ,-'+/",- "#+#!. T%"-

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D,-,. D%"," 60 '!4?6 "'

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• F%#-/$$"#/"'-#D%#!%,"# #","/ ("#! %*%-* $"" $%')%-"# "/. S%/"-# '%#-')+/"# #,-,-

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E*% *"'"-#"'-#(" '%#(%+$"- %*%-# "$- +"#! '%#-')+/"# %*% SSP.H"+, -!+#""# ,"#!" "-?"- $"" $",-%# -$%%#,- "# $"" $-" %#!"# -$%*-

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D,-,. D%"," 25 '!4 "'A#"?"#" 6?12 "+# 125 '!4 "'A#"?"#" 2?5 "+# 625 '!4 "'

• F%#-/%*-#A"/" "!#-, ,%/%-* %,%$ "/*" 1 "# "#(" ,%-- '%'$%#!"+- %,%$ )%". H"#(",%-- '%'$%#!"+- "#+#! ,%"" /"#!,+#! "# -" '%%/",",- )#+,. M%#(%)")"##,-,- $%')+/+ "" +/- "# "%" ,$/"##-+, ,%-#!!" '%#"-"# %"#"# "".

I!raa%a$ +r!"+%!#r+")% /IN,S

• INS '%#"- )" $-/-"# +#+ "#"?"#" ("#! '%#%-" -#--, "/%!-• D"+/+ - ""-"# INS "$" '%#(%)")"# %*% ,"'$-#! ,-,%'- ,%$%-

%!"#!!+#(" $%+')+"# "# '%")/-,' +/"#!• T"$- ,+- '%#+#+"# */+-",#% -" "" %*% ,"'$-#! /-#-, ("#!

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• S%%/" $%#!!+#""# 3 )+/"# */+-",# $"" "#"?"#" +,-" 3?11 "+#-/"+"#-#,$-"# -" '%#+#+"# '%#-$-,#(" "-#!"# -+#! ""+ "*- '+,"-+#!

• M""'#(" )%"'%",#)+%,#-%*/+#-,/-%*/+-",#%''%",#% "#-"'-/#

• K%"#(" %#!"# '%#!"')" %,$# "/%!- *",% ""/ '"+$+# *",% /"')".• E*% +"'" $"" '+," -+#!

". '%#!+"#!- -#*/"'",- %#!"# '%')/ $%/%$","# '%-"

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* E*% S"'$-#! )%,-#$%- $"" '+," -+#!,"- %$"/" "# -#*%,-"#-" "/)-"#,

S+)"u kr++$"

• ,+"+ $%#,")-/ ,%/ '", ,%-#!!" '%#%!" %!"#+/",- ,%/ '", "# $%/%$","#'%-" %'",+ -,"'-#.

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• E*% ,"'$-#!#(" --",- /"/ =)%,-# "# "," $%- $"" '%')"# '+," -+#!• D,-,#(" +#+ $",-%# - "", 6 "+# ""/" 1 ,%'$"# $"" ,%-"$ /+)"#! -+#!

3?4 "/- ,%"- $"" -#%"/ ("#! %"+.I-ra!r+-"u r+")a

• M%+$""# "!%# "#-/-#%!- )%)%#+ ,%'$"# -+#!• B%'"#*"" $"" -#--, "/%!- ("#! $%,-,%# ""+ $%%#-"/• M%'-/-- ,-*" "#- ,%%- -" -!+#""# ,%"" /"/ "# )%'"#*"" +#+ 

'%#!+"#!- -+#! )%"- ("#! %"- $"" -#--, "/%!-.• %,%-" "/"' )%#+ /"+"# %#!"# "" 003J-)%-"# "/"' 2 ,%'$"# =42

'!> 2? 3 "/- ,%"-.• E*% ,"'$-#!#(" -#!"# '%/-$+- ,"- %$"/" %$-,"-,"# -+#! %"," %-#!.

Iu+!#ra-" /D#%#%"!"%a%"

• B%,-*" "+,"-* • I'+#%"$- '%+$""# $,%, ("#! /"')" "# )%""$ %#!"# '%#!-#%,-"#

"/%!%# ("#! -%"+- '%'-+ %",- "/%!- $"" $",-%# %#!"# ,-, ("#! ,%'"-#'%#-#!".

• T++"##(" ""/" "!" $",-%# '%#"$"- $%#-#!""# /%"#,- %""$ "/%!%#,"'$"- -" -" /"!- '%#+#+"# %",- "/%!- -" %$"$" /% ,%#("" %,%)+

• ""#(" ". L"+"# "/%!%# ("#! ,"#!" %#% =1100.000,"'$"- 11000.000.000

 )> -)%-"# 1 2 "/- ,%'-#!!+.A/%!%# -#- )-,""#(" -,+#-"# - )"" +/- /%#!"# "",.S%/"-# ,+#-"# "$" -/"+"# %#!"#'%#!!+#""# ")/% ("#! '%#!"#+#! "//%!%# ,%$%- ,%)+ ,"-+'$+

 ). K#,%#",- %'+-"# --#!""# ,"'$"- %"$"- ,-, ("#! "$"-/%"#,-.. D,-, -#- %'+-"# -$%""#"# ,%-"$ 2?6 '-#!!+%!"#+#! $""

%,$# /-#-.. T%"$- -/"+"# ,"'$"- $",-%# "$" '%#/%"#,- "/%!%# $"" ,-,

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". B%+"#!#(" $+,- I!E ). M%#-#!"#(" $+,- I!G. P%+)""# $"" /-'*,- T. B%+"#!#(" $%/%$","# '%-" "- ,%/ ("#! %,%#,--,",-

%. B%+"#!#(" ,%#,---", "-#!"# %""$ "/%!%#.•  N"'+# -'+#%"$- %)-/"#! '""/ "# )++ "+ /"'" "# '%')++"#

'-'%# ("#! )%," "- $",-%#

PEN,EGAHAN

P"" ","#(" $%#("- "/%!- "$" -%!" "# -)"!- '%#"- 3 ""$ ("-+

". P%#%!""# $-'%

U#+ '%#%!" ,%#,--,",- ""+ $,%, $%#!%#"/"# -#- %""$ "/%!%#. T-#""# $%"'"""/" '%#!-%#-*-",- )"(- ("#! '%'$+#("- -,- "$-. P"" -)+ "'-/ -)%-"# -%%,-,- ="#$" ,+,+ -"# /"+ "# ""#!> '+/"- -'%,% 3 "# ,%/"'" '%#(+,+- "# )"(-

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'%#"$" ASI %,/+,-* ,%/"'" 5?6 )+/"#. S%/"-# -+ #/ /-#!+#!"# -/"+"# +#+'%#%!" $""#"# %""$ "/%!%# "# $/+"#.

 ). P%#%!""# ,%+#%

U#+ '%#%!" '"#-*%,",- /-#-, "/%!- $"" "#" )%+$" ",'" "# $-/% "/%!- ("#! ,+"

%,%#,--,",- %#!"# !%"/" "/%!- ""$ ""/ )%+$""/%!- '""#"# "# +/-. T-#""# ("#!-/"+"# %#!"# $%#!-#""# %""$ $""#"# "/%!%# -#"/"# "# '""#"# ("#! "$"-%"+- %#!"# +- +/-.

. P%#%!""# %,-%

U#+ '%#!+"#!- !%"/" /-#-, "# %"" )%"#(" $%#("-"/%!- %#!"# $%#!-#""#"/%!%# "# $%#!)""#.

LO.3.9 KOMPLIKASI

K'$/-",- -#--, "/%!- ("#! ,%-#! -"/"

". P/-$ -+#! ("#! '%'-/-- "#" $"!#'#-,

-#,$-,-% '++, !/"#,"+'+/",- ,%/?,%/ -#*/"'",- ("#! /+" )-"," )"#("#(" =/%)-%,-#*-/ "# /-'*,- TD4> -$%$/",-" %$-%/ -$%$/",-" !)/% "# '%"$/",-",+"',". P/-$-+#! %"$" +')+"# )%#-!#" ("#! /%')+ %"- $"" /"$-,"# -+#!""+,-#+, -,%)")"# ""#!"# #-. P/($, ("#! %-/ -" '%#(%)")"# '","/"%"$-("#! )%," ""# '%#(%" $%%""# +"" '%/"/+- -+#! "# ,+," +#+)%#"*",

 ).O--, '%-" ("#! ,%-#! %,-- * % + "'" $"" "#"?"#".

. S-#+,--, $""#","/ '%+$""# -#*/"'",- '+," ,"+ ""+ /%)- ,-#+, $"" #","/.T%"-"-)" %%'" ,-" ,-#+, /% $,%, "/%!-, "/"' '+," ("#!'%#(%)")"# ,+')""# ,-",%-#!!" %"- $%#++#"# ,-!%#",- "# %"#"#+"" #!!" ,-#+,. H"/ %,%)+""# '%#(+)+"# $%+')+"# )"%- %+"'")"%- "#"%) "# ""# '%#(%)")"#+,"#(" *+#!,- )"-% %$-%/ "#"" /"-#"-)" %,+,- '+," /% '%-" $%-#

 )"," ("#! -/%$", ,%/ %,-#*-/ =MBP>%#!"# "-)" ,-#+,--, ""# ,%'"-# $"" =D+"'2006>.

. D-,*+#!,- +)" "/"' %"" ("#! )%"-",- '%+$""# '$/-",- ("#!%,%-#!.D-,*+#!,- +)" $"" -#--, "/%!- -,%)")"# /% %"-#(" ,+')""#+)".S+')""# -#-/" ("#! '%#(%)")"# $%,- "-#",% "# %#-/",-"%%,- %/-#!"%#!"

="+' -'$"#-> %!"#!!+. G"#!!+"# -#- ""# '%#-')+/"# )%)"!"-)%#+ %/"-#"#%/-#!" %#!" )"- "#"'-, '"+$+# *-,-/!-! "- -#!"# -#!!"("#! )%" %!"#+#!"- "+/"'" "# )%"#(" -#--, "/%!- ,%" *"?*" /"-#.

=$%$-#,.+#-$.".-291351H"/"'"#++/.$* >

LO.3.10 PROGNOSIS

S%"" +'+'$",-%# %#!"# -#--, "/%!- "#$" '$/-",- ("#! %,$#%#!"# $%#!)""# '%'-/-- $!#,-, )"-. P"" $",-%# ("#! -%"+- "/%!- %""$

,%)+ ,"- '"" %'+#!-#"# -#--, $",-%# -#- "$" %"- '+,-'"#. P!#,-, ,+/--$%-,- $"" "#"?"#" %#!"# $%#("- ,-#+,--, "# %/-#!" ("#! )%+/"#!. P!#,-,

21

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("#! %"- "$" -$%#!"+- )"#(" *" %'",+ ,"+, %%)"/"# +)+ '"+$+#"#'"/- "#"'-. P%"/"#"# $%#("- -#--, "/%!- "$" )%"')" )%" $"" +,-" %","'+" "# %"$ )%""# -#!!" %"% /-'" "# %#"'. S%%/" '"," %,%)+ !%"/" /-#-""# ""#! -%'+"# "%#" '%#++##(" ,-,%' %%)"/"# +)+.

LI. MEMAHAMI DAN MENJELASKAN ADAB BERSIN DALAM ISLAM

HUKUM ISTINS?AK DAN ISTINSHAR DALAM ISLAM

B%+'+?+'+ ("#! "/"' )""," "")#(" Madhmadhah ""/" '%'",+"# "- %"/"' '+/+ /"/+ '%#!!%"?!%""##(" - "/"'.

S%"#!"# istinsya# ""/" '%'",+"# "- % "/"' /+)"#! -+#! "# '%#!-+$#("-#!!" % $"#!"/ -+#!. S%'%#"" istinsyar  ""/" '%#!%/+""# "- "- "/"' -+#!,%%/" )%-,-#,(".

P%-#" )%+'+?+'+ -,%)+"# "/"' ,%+'/" "-, - "#""#(" "/"' "-,L+"- )-# S")"

Q     V W V XV Y Z [ \ V ] V ^_ V̀

a Apabila "amu ber$udhu% ma"a ber"umur-"umurlah.a =HR. A)+ D"+ "/?T-'-- N","-"# I)#+ M"". D-#+-/ "- S"- F-- S+##" 1151. H"-, -#- -,"-"# /%S("- A/?A/)"#-.>

4. T%#"#! -,-#,(" "# -,-#," %/" --"(""# ,%"" ,"- "- ,")" N")- Shallallahu &Alaihi 'asallam(

b  cd e Vf  g Vh W V Y VZ [ \ V ] V i  j V

aSiapa yang ber$udhu henda"nya ia beristintsar.a =HR. B+"- M+,/-' "# ,%/"-#%+"#(">

b  ce Vd g Vk  l [m n op qj V  rst uV vW w  x Vy  g Vh W V l z n {n| V uV Y VZ [ \ V ] V ^_ V̀} V

a Dan apabila salah seorang "amu ber$udhu% ma"a henda"nya ia memasu""an air "e dalamhidungnya lalu ia "eluar"an "embali.a =HR. "/?B+"- M+,/-' "# ,%/"-# %+"#(">

~  • d e Vf  g Vh W V l z n {n| V uV Y VZ [ \ V ] V ^_ V̀

a Apabila seorang "amu ber$udhu henda"nya dia beristinsya#.a =HR. M+,/-'>

q p €q V  ‚ V \ƒ n ] V ‚  uV „[ ̀ …  q• V d e†  „ ̂vW ‡  k qˆ V} V  ‰  ˆ q V ŠV ^ i V g ˆ V w  h ‹Œ V } V  oV \Z n \ n k ^ ‡   †  uVaSempurna"an $udhu dan sela-sela di antara ari-emari serta bersungguh-sungguhlahdalam memasu""an air "e hidung *istinsya#) "ecuali saat eng"au sedang berpuasa.a =HR.A,")+, S+#"# "# -,"-"# S("- A/?A/)"#->

S#%u&&u'*a A$$a' M#"!a" Ora& *a& B#r%"

D"- A)+ H+"-" "-("//"+ Ž"#+ )"","#(" R",+//+//" ,"//"//"+ Ž"/"-- " ,"//"' )%,")"

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S%,+#!!+#(" A//" '%#(+"- )%,-#. =HR B+"-> B%,-# '%+$""# ,%,+"+ ("#!-,+"- "%#" )%,-# "$" '%#(%""# )""# "# '%#!-/"#!"# %-#!-#"# +#+ ,%/"/+'%#!%#("#!"# $%+ ,%" "$" '%')+" ,%'"#!" +#+ )%-)"".

Menguap

• M%#!+"$ -/"+"# "%#" )%)%"$" $%#(%)") "#"" /"-# '%#!"#+ !%/-," )++"')""# ,-!%#.

• I,/"' +!" '%#!"+ )"!"-'"#" '%#!+"$ (! Ž)"-C.

• D"- A)+ H+"-" RA )"" R",+/+// SA )%,")"

‚ n q‘ V g • [ k^ ’ V “ Z V  q”V   V q– V ^_ V̀ l z n { V| V uV ‚ [ — W V  Ṽ q‘ V e V†  ^ qj V  ™nš[b n g Vh W V l z n {n| V uV › V oV qc V] V ^_ V— W V ‚  q‘ V g • [ k^ i  j › n œ n qc Ve [k^+Menguap adalah dari setan% i"a salah seorang dari "alian menguap% ma"a

henda"nya ditahan semampu dia% sesungguhnya i"a salah seorang dari "alian

*"eti"a menguap) mengata"an *"eluar bunyi)( ,hah% ma"a setan terta$a. =HR. A/?B+"- M+,/-' "# -#- /"*" -"(" A/?B+"->

• D- "-, /"-#

Ṽ q‘ V e V†  ^ qj V  l  ƒ  g Vh W V l z n { n| V uV › V oV qc V] V ^_ V— W V ‚  q‘ V g • [ k^ i  j žŸ [ k̂ ¡W › n œ nqc Ve [k^M%#!+"$ %-" ,/" ""/" "- ,%"# -" ,"/" ,%"#! "- "/-"# '%#!+"$'"" ""#/" ,%'"'$+#(". =HR T-'-->

• D%#!"# "" /"-# I,/"' MEN¢ARANKAN -" +#+ '%#""# =-"> '%#!+"$.

-" -" +" '"" %#"#(" '%#!+"$ %#!"# '%#++$ '+/+ "# -"'%#!%/+""# )+#(- Ž"C "$"/"!- -#!!" Ž+"""C.

DA8TAR PUSTAKA

A/?A,"( A)+ I,"#. "# "--(" U''+ I,"# . /anduan Amal Sehari Semalam .%""# %?3 "/. 277 280. D"- $%'""-,/"'.'-,/"'?",""'"/"#192?"")?%-"?)%,-#.'/.

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P%"% E%/(# .2009.A#"'- "# F-,-/!- +#+ P""'%-,.""" G"'%-" P+,""U"'"

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