The Russian Domain Setting the Boundaries Setting the Boundaries Landforms and Climate Landforms and Climate Historical Geography Historical Geography.

The Russian Domain

Setting the Boundaries Landforms and Climate Historical Geography Population and Settlement Demographic and Health Crisis in Russia Geopolitical Framework Reminders: Exam III on Friday! For Next Class: Read Chapter 10!

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

2

The Russian Domain

Figure 9.1

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

3

Images of Russia

Figure 9.0

Moscow: International business center

Kamchatka Peninsula

Figure 9.4

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

4

Diverse Physical Landscapes

• European West

• Ural Mountains and Siberia– Taiga– Permafrost

• Russian Far East

• Caucasus and Transcaucasus

Northwestern Russia: Boreal Forest

Figure 9.1.1

What are the major climate types of Russia?

Main Climate Types of Russia

Midlatitude Steppe (BSk) Cold Continental (D)

• Humid continental (Dfb/Dwb)• Subarctic (Dfc/Dfd, Dwc/Dwd) – brutally cold in

winter Tundra (ET)

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

7

Climate

Figure 9.8

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

8

Agricultural RegionsFigure 9.9

Harsh climates and poor soils: limits agricultural productivity

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

9

Diverse Landscapes

Figure 9.10

Ukraine: agriculturally productive land, wheat field

Caucasus Mountains: rugged borderlands

Figure 9.11

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

10

Environmental Issues – Overview

Figure 9.5

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

11

Environmental Issues (cont’d)

Figure 9.7

Siberian lumber: forest destruction

Lake Baikal, Siberia: Industrial pollution

Figure 9.6

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

12

2014 Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia

Figure 9.2.1

Host of a “Green” Winter Olympic Games

Sochi Region: potential development damage

Figure 9.2.2

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

13

Population and Settlement

Figure 9.14

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

14

Migration Patterns

Figure 9.17

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

15

• Eastern Movement– Trans-Siberian RR– BAM RR

• Political Motives– Directed migration– Gulag Archipelago– Russification

Migration Figure 9.18

Figure 9.4.1

Chinese immigrants

Non-Russian immigrants

Demographic Crisis

When did the demographic and health crisis occur in Russia and what were the causes?

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

17

• Persistently declining population

• Low fertility rates

• High death rates

• Government incentives

Demographic Crisis

Figure 9.21

Population pyramids

Huge changes in incomeinequality between 1988and 1993!

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

23

Cultural Coherence and Diversity

Figure 9.23

Historical Geography of Russia Late 1400s – Russian Empire began to take shape Ivan the Terrible (1547-1584)

• Volga River basin, eastward into Siberia• Cossacks – group of semi-nomadic people helped eastward expansion

Peter the Great (1682-1725)• Moved capital to St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea (known as a forward

capital), incorporated Estonia, expanded into Central Asia Catherine the Great (1762-1796)

• Expanded into Crimean Peninsula, Black Sea Coast, and Caucasus Mts 1800s – Russia continued to expand eastward, also conquered

Poles and Finns to the west• 1892 construction of Trans-Siberian railroad, annexation of Manchuria• Largest territorially contiguous empire in the world!

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

25

Linguistic Diversity (cont’d)

Figure 9.26

Russians in Ukraine

Figure 9.28

Caucasus Region

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

26

Cultural Diversity

Figure 9.30

Moscow Mosque

Figure 9.31

Ukrainian singing star

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

27

Current Geopolitical Framework

Figure 9.33

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

28

Natural Resources and Industry

Figure 9.38

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

29

Economic GlobalizationFigure 9.41

• Globalized consumer

• Oil and gas industry

• Regional differences

Russia’s expanding pipelines