The Road to War. USA No foreign entanglements – isolationism War caused industrialization prosperous economy Speculation in Stock Market “Buying on.

The Road to War

USA

• No foreign entanglements – isolationism

• War caused industrialization prosperous economy

• Speculation in Stock Market “Buying on Margin” (Credit)

• “Business of America is Business”

• Roaring 20’s

Oct 1929• Stock prices tumble

• Loans called in failure of

businesses (bankruptcy) and loss of homes

• Bank runs• 13 mil. (1 out of

4) lose jobs

• Depression spreads world wide crashing European economies

Rise of Fascism

• fas·cism a totalitarian governmental system led by a

dictator having complete power, suppressing opposition and criticism, controlling the economy and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism

Example: Mussolini’s Government & Hitler’s Government

Italy 1920’s

• 1922 – Mussolini’s Blackshirts march on Rome

• Il Duce

• Anti-union, communist, socialist, democracy, free speech, political parties

• Pro – capitalist, Catholic, private property, military

• Mussolini “makes the trains run on time”

Hitler & Mussolini

The 1920’s• 1919 September 20 Hitler joins the German

Worker's Party• 1921 July 11 Hitler becomes leader party.• 1923 November 9 Hitler leads the Beer Hall

Putsch in Munich.• 1924 Hitler writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

while imprisoned for his part in the attempted putsch.

• 1924 December 20 Hitler is released • 1925 Hitler establishes a "Protection Squad,"

which soon becomes known as the SS (Schutzstaffel)

• 1925 July 18 Hitler publishes Mein Kampf in Munich.

1930’s• 1930 September 14 The Nazis become second

largest party 1932 April 10 Hindenburg is re-elected President in a runoff election with Hitler. Hindenburg receives a clear majority

• 1932 July 31 National Socialists win majority• 1933 January 30 Hitler is appointed Chancellor.• 1933 April 1 Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses

and professions.• 1933 September 29 German Jews are banned

from owning land and from all public activities.• 1934 August 2 President Hindenburg dies and

Hitler declares himself Fuehrer (Führer).

Reichstag Fire

The Holocaust begins

• 1935 September 15 The Nuremberg laws are passed, removing Jewish legal equality and prohibiting "mixed" marriages.

• 1935 November 1 German citizenship is revoked for Jews.

• 1937 July 19 Buchenwald concentration camp is established.

• 1938 November 9-10 Kristallnacht, the first widespread pogrom against the Jews of Germany.

Eugenics

• The study of genetics for the purpose of eliminating “undesirable traits” in humanity

• Nazi propaganda for their compulsory euthanasia program: "This person suffering from hereditary defects costs the community 60,000 Reicksmark during his lifetime. Fellow German, that is your money, too."

Britain - Eugenics –Sir Francis Galton 1883

• 1936 March – German troops sent to Rhineland violating Versailles

• 1936 – Rome Berlin Axis alliance with Mussolini

• 1938 One Reich One Blood Speech

• 1938 March 12 German troops cross the border and occupy Austria (Anschluss)

Hitler’s Progress

• September 29 1938 – Munich Pact – Appeasement for Sudetanland

• 1939 March 15 rest of Czechoslovakia seized – Hitler demands Polish corridor for Danzig

• 1939 August 23 Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact

• 1939 September 1 German troops invade Poland.

• 1939 September 3 Britain and France declare war on Germany.

USA

• Repeals Neutrality Acts ban on arms

• “Great Arsenal of Democracy”

• To secure: The Four Freedoms– Speech– Worship– From want– From fear

1940

• USSR expands to Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

• “Phony War” – in the West – no front – everyone waits

• May – Germans invade above Maginot line

• June 4th Evacuation of Dunkirk to Britain

Dunkirk

Festung Europe• June 4th France Falls (Dunkirk)

- Vichy Govt under Petain- Charles de Gaulle calls for free French to fight on- 13th – Paris occupied- Northern 2/3 of Fr German- Southern 1/3 – Vichy Govt. – Marshal Petain and Pierre Laval

September – Tripartite Pact – Gr-It-Jp• Japan declares aim to create “Greater East Asia

CO-Prosperity Sphere”

Battle of Britain is on!

• 1940 – 41

• To gain air supremacy

• Sept 7th – Nov 3rd – the Blitz on London – 70,000 bombs

• Churchill’s “Blood soil sweat tears” speech

June 22 1941 – Invasion of Russia

• by end of 1942 Moscow, Stalingrad, Leningrad reached by Germans

USA

• Cash & Carry

• Lend Lease

• Conscription

• 2 Ocean Navy

• Embargo on Japan (scrap metal and oil)

December 7th 1941 – Pearl Harbor

• “A day that will live in infamy” – Pearl Harbor Hawaii – US entry

• Surprise Attack to take out our Pacific fleet

• 2400 dead, 1100 wounded

1942

• Hitler Announces “Final Solution” to the Jewish problem – concentration camps become death camps

1943

• Conquest of Italy by Allies

1944

• June 6th – D-Day or “Operation Overlord”– Invasion of Normandy to open up a 2nd front in

Europe

• August – liberation of Paris

1945February – Yalta Conference – Big Three

- Roosevelt- Churchill- Stalin

Yalta

• creation of UN – to meet 4/45 in San Francisco to discuss “reorganization of the world”

• France & China included

• to assist in est. democracy in former Nazi controlled areas

• Issue of Poland & Eastern Europe is difficult – promise of free elections

Permanent Members of the Security Council

• United States

• Great Britain

• France

• China

• Russia

• April 30th – Hitler’s Suicide

• May 8th German Surrender

• - May 9th – VE-Day “Victory in Europe”

• July - Potsdam Conference– Truman (replaces Roosevelt) – insists on free

elections in Europe– Clement Atlee (replaces Churchill)– Stalin – Refuses free elections saying they would

be anti- Soviet– Germany to be divided – 4 zones– shared occupation of Berlin

• Soviet coup in Romania- Petra Groza “little Stalin” in power

• August 6th - bomb dropped on Hiroshima – 78,000 dead instantly

• Aug. 9th Nagasaki

• September 2nd – Japanese surrender

• Over 60 million dead, over 25 million wounded in battle

Germany and Berlin

Poland

• Lublin Poles vs. London Poles Lublins in Power

• Later Bulgaria & Hungary

Iron Curtain Speech - 1946

http://www.authentichistory.com/1950s/speeches/19460305_Winston_Churchill_Iron_Curtain_Speech.html