The Road to World War II Neutrality, Isolationism, Nationalism, Dictators & Broken Promises.

The Road to World War The Road to World War IIII

Neutrality, Neutrality, Isolationism, Isolationism,

Nationalism, Dictators Nationalism, Dictators & Broken Promises& Broken Promises

Neutrality Neutrality It is possible to remain neutral in ones It is possible to remain neutral in ones direct & deliberate actions- but is it direct & deliberate actions- but is it possible in THOUGHT?possible in THOUGHT?

Why be neutral? What is the motivating Why be neutral? What is the motivating force behind neutrality?force behind neutrality?

Does geographic influence neutrality? Does geographic influence neutrality?

Is it possible to be involved but stay true Is it possible to be involved but stay true to your policy of “neutrality”to your policy of “neutrality”

Have you ever made the Have you ever made the choice to remaining choice to remaining neutral in a conflict?neutral in a conflict?

Did your choice prevent you from Did your choice prevent you from being affected by the conflict? Why or being affected by the conflict? Why or Why Not? Why Not?

Do you think by choosing Neutrality Do you think by choosing Neutrality The United States or other nations will The United States or other nations will be protected from the effects of the be protected from the effects of the conflicts in Europe & Asia? conflicts in Europe & Asia?

What did World War I leave What did World War I leave behind?behind?

Economic Depression Economic Depression

Deep Feelings of Nationalism Deep Feelings of Nationalism

A Strong Desire to Expand & A Strong Desire to Expand & Gain Territory Gain Territory

Rise of Dictators Rise of Dictators

Germany & the Soviet UnionGermany & the Soviet Union NOT “so in love with “ the Treaty NOT “so in love with “ the Treaty

of Versailles of Versailles

Blamed Germany for the war & Blamed Germany for the war & punished them harshly punished them harshly

Germany lost their colonies & Germany lost their colonies & territories territories

Soviets lost parts of Russia Soviets lost parts of Russia

Germany & the Soviet UnionGermany & the Soviet Union NOT “so in love with “ the Treaty NOT “so in love with “ the Treaty

of Versailles of Versailles

Anger & Resentment are NOT in short Anger & Resentment are NOT in short supply – on ALL SIDES!supply – on ALL SIDES!

Add those feelings to all that World War I Add those feelings to all that World War I left behind (economic & social problems) left behind (economic & social problems) = TROUBLE BREWING!= TROUBLE BREWING!

Democratic Gov’t fails & people turn to Democratic Gov’t fails & people turn to AUTHORITARIANS to fix the problems AUTHORITARIANS to fix the problems

Stalin & The Soviet Union Stalin & The Soviet Union 1922 Russia becomes the USSR (Soviet 1922 Russia becomes the USSR (Soviet Union) Communist– Lenin dies in 1924 & Union) Communist– Lenin dies in 1924 & Stalin takes overStalin takes over

Stalin wants Soviet Union to be “The Model Stalin wants Soviet Union to be “The Model Communist State” Communist State”

Totalitarian Gov’t- TOTAL CONTROL OVER CITIZENS- Totalitarian Gov’t- TOTAL CONTROL OVER CITIZENS- No Rights & No Opposition No Rights & No Opposition

#1 Economic Goal- Industrial & Agricultural Growth – #1 Economic Goal- Industrial & Agricultural Growth – wanted an Industrial Nation wanted an Industrial Nation

No Private Ownership of Property- Total Gov’t Control No Private Ownership of Property- Total Gov’t Control -Worldwide spread of Communism -Worldwide spread of Communism

Stalin & The Soviet UnionStalin & The Soviet Union

1928 Stalin introduces his “Five Year 1928 Stalin introduces his “Five Year Plan”Plan”

ALL Economic Activity was under State ALL Economic Activity was under State control control

1937 – Soviet Union is the 2nd 1937 – Soviet Union is the 2nd largest industrial power (U.S. is the largest industrial power (U.S. is the 1st) 1st)

““THE GREAT PURGE” – Stalin THE GREAT PURGE” – Stalin responsible for 8 – 13 million people responsible for 8 – 13 million people being executed or banished to being executed or banished to Siberia Siberia

Mussolini & Italy Mussolini & Italy Italy has problems- unemployment & Italy has problems- unemployment & inflation- problems that lead to major inflation- problems that lead to major STRIKESSTRIKES

The Middle & Upper class freaks out & gets The Middle & Upper class freaks out & gets scared- they want a really strong leader scared- they want a really strong leader

Mussolini = Totalitarian leader of Fascist Mussolini = Totalitarian leader of Fascist Party Party

He appealed to the strong National Pride & played on He appealed to the strong National Pride & played on the fears of economic collapse & communism the fears of economic collapse & communism

““Il Duce” aka The LEADER Il Duce” aka The LEADER

He was an Extreme Patriot & broke with Socialist He was an Extreme Patriot & broke with Socialist Party over WWI Party over WWI

Mussolini & ItalyMussolini & Italy

Fascist PartyFascist PartyStrong Sense of Nationalism Strong Sense of Nationalism

Power in the hands of a single leader & a Power in the hands of a single leader & a small group small group

Interest of State is more important than Interest of State is more important than individuals individuals

CRUSH ALL OPPOSITIONCRUSH ALL OPPOSITION

Hitler & Germany Hitler & Germany

POST- WWI GermanyPOST- WWI GermanyHitler joins the National Socialist German Hitler joins the National Socialist German Workers’ Party aka NAZI PARTYWorkers’ Party aka NAZI PARTY

Problems in Germany- War debt, Problems in Germany- War debt, unemployment & Hitler was a last hope for unemployment & Hitler was a last hope for desperate people desperate people

Great Speaker, Promised to pull Germany out Great Speaker, Promised to pull Germany out of chaos – fix the problems of chaos – fix the problems

January 1933 Hitler was appointed January 1933 Hitler was appointed Chancellor Chancellor

– Got rid of the Weimar Republic Got rid of the Weimar Republic – Established the 3rd Reich Established the 3rd Reich

Hitler & GermanyHitler & Germany

Hitler - “Der Fuhrer” aka The Leader Hitler - “Der Fuhrer” aka The Leader NONO ties to the Socialist Party ties to the Socialist Party

Wrote Wrote Mein Kampf Mein Kampf – his plan for the Nazi – his plan for the Nazi Party Party

German version of FascismGerman version of Fascism

Extreme NationalismExtreme Nationalism

Hitler & GermanyHitler & Germany

What did he WANT?What did he WANT?

Unite all of the German Speaking countries Unite all of the German Speaking countries into one “German Empire” into one “German Empire”

Racial Purification- “The Master Race” “The Racial Purification- “The Master Race” “The Aryan Race” – No inferior RacesAryan Race” – No inferior Races

National Expansion National Expansion – Hitler wanted more space- thought it was Hitler wanted more space- thought it was

Germany’s RIGHT! Germany’s RIGHT!

– Wanted expansion even if it meant going to warWanted expansion even if it meant going to war

Militaristic Leaders & JapanMilitaristic Leaders & Japan

The Military LeadersThe Military LeadersNationalistic & Imperialistic – they want to Nationalistic & Imperialistic – they want to expand & get more landexpand & get more land

Launch a surprise Attack on Manchuria, Launch a surprise Attack on Manchuria, CHINA 1931CHINA 1931

League of Nations sent into Manchuria League of Nations sent into Manchuria to investigate & they condemn Japanto investigate & they condemn Japan

– BUT- Japan just decides to just QUIT the BUT- Japan just decides to just QUIT the League of NationsLeague of Nations

Militaristic Leaders & JapanMilitaristic Leaders & Japan

League of Nations FAILED & the League of Nations FAILED & the Dictators of Europe NOTICED & Dictators of Europe NOTICED & followed Japan’s leadfollowed Japan’s lead

Mussolini goes after Ethiopia- League tries a Mussolini goes after Ethiopia- League tries a boycott but doesn’t do any good boycott but doesn’t do any good

1936- Ethiopia fell to Italy 1936- Ethiopia fell to Italy

Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland & Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland & rebuilt the German Army – violations of rebuilt the German Army – violations of TREATYTREATY

Francisco Franco & Spain Francisco Franco & Spain 1936 Franco led a revolt against the 1936 Franco led a revolt against the elected Spanish Republicelected Spanish Republic

Civil war broke out Civil war broke out 1939 Franco becomes Spain’s Fascist 1939 Franco becomes Spain’s Fascist Dictator Dictator

Western Democracies remained Neutral- Western Democracies remained Neutral- only sent food & clothing- BUT NOT THE only sent food & clothing- BUT NOT THE OTHER DICTATORS!!!OTHER DICTATORS!!!

Hitler & Mussolini backed Franco- sent Hitler & Mussolini backed Franco- sent money, men & suppliesmoney, men & supplies

Formal Alliance between Hitler & Mussolini- Formal Alliance between Hitler & Mussolini- “Rome/Berlin” Axis “Rome/Berlin” Axis

Look at the statement and use Look at the statement and use what you know so far to try to what you know so far to try to prove or disprove it.prove or disprove it.

““Despite the obvious negative Despite the obvious negative attributes, the Totalitarian attributes, the Totalitarian Dictators of Europe and Asia did Dictators of Europe and Asia did make positive contributions to make positive contributions to their countries success & Post- their countries success & Post- WWI recovery”WWI recovery”

NEUTRALITYNEUTRALITY

America’s position on all America’s position on all of this!of this!

Attitude of England & Attitude of England & France also – ignore the France also – ignore the problem & problem & maybemaybe it’ll go it’ll go

away!away!

Kellogg Briand Pact Kellogg Briand Pact Signed by 62 countries post WWI – 1928Signed by 62 countries post WWI – 1928

War is NOT to be used as an instrument of National War is NOT to be used as an instrument of National PolicyPolicy

THE PROBLEM- There was NO action plan if someone THE PROBLEM- There was NO action plan if someone broke the pact broke the pact

Americans & many others want to avoid Americans & many others want to avoid war – ISOLATIONIST– most people thought war – ISOLATIONIST– most people thought getting into WWI was a mistake getting into WWI was a mistake

Roosevelt’s Foreign PolicyRoosevelt’s Foreign Policy

Thought Neutrality was IMPOSSIBLE! Thought Neutrality was IMPOSSIBLE!

Found a way around Neutrality Act in Found a way around Neutrality Act in 1937 when Japan attacked Manchuria 1937 when Japan attacked Manchuria

There was no formal declaration of war by There was no formal declaration of war by Japan on China Japan on China

So…. Roosevelt did not need to enforce the So…. Roosevelt did not need to enforce the Neutrality Act Neutrality Act

He supplied China He supplied China

What might have happened What might have happened if the United States & others if the United States & others had NOT chosen a policy of had NOT chosen a policy of Isolationism & Neutrality at Isolationism & Neutrality at the beginning & instead the beginning & instead involved themselves in by involved themselves in by trying to stop the spread of trying to stop the spread of Totalitarianism in Europe & Totalitarianism in Europe & Asia at the start…?Asia at the start…?