Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points PROJECT / TEAM CHARTER Project Scope & Business Case Team Selection & Rules Develop at start of project, on- going Living document, clearly written, define scope http://www.mindtools.co m/pages/article/newTMM_ 95.htm HIGH LEVEL PROCESS MAPS Process mapping is a technique for making work visible. Develop at start of project, on- going The team exercise of building the map and seeing the process globally are the factors that are critical for success rather than what the actual map looks like in the end. http://www.ahrq.gov/qua l/projectred/swimlane.h tm STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS Engaging the right people in the right way in your project Develop at start of project, on- going http://www.mindtools.co m/pages/article/newPPM_ 07.htm The purpose of the define step is to allow the project team to produce, amongst others: A project charter or initiation document High level process maps Stakeholder analysis Phase - Define 1
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The purpose of the define step is to allow the project team to produce, amongst others:
Phase - Define. The purpose of the define step is to allow the project team to produce, amongst others: A project charter or initiation document High level process maps Stakeholder analysis. Phase - Define. Phase - Define. Phase - Define. Phase - Measure. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Process mapping is a technique for making work visible.
Develop at start of project, on-going
The team exercise of building the map and seeing the process globally are the factors that are critical for success rather than what the actual map looks like in the end.
http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/projectred/swimlane.htm
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
Engaging the right people in the right way in your project
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Value Stream Map Visualizing Work Processes Planning Tool http://www.bizbodz.com/Business-Improvement/Lean/Value-Stream-Mapping-How-to-Guide-Part-1.asp
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
5-Why Analysis used to move past symptoms and understand the true root cause of a problem.
Related to the Cause & Effect (Fishbone) diagram, and can be used to complement the analysis necessary to complete a Cause & Effect diagram
5-Why Analysis
Phase - Analyze
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The purpose of the Analyze phase is to make sense of all the information and data collected:
Use data to confirm source of delays, waste, and poor quality Biggest challenge is to “stick to the data” Avoid using experience and opinions about the root cause of problems Look for patterns in the data
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Design of Experiments The term experiment is defined as the systematic procedure carried out under controlled conditions in order to discover an unknown effect, to test or establish a hypothesis, or to illustrate a known effect.
Design of Experiments
Cause and Effect Diagram (ishikawa)
Also called Fishbone diagram
A tool for analyzing process dispersion. It is also referred to as the Ishikawa diagram, because Kaoru Ishikawa developed it, and the fishbone diagram, because the complete diagram resembles a fish skeleton. The diagram illustrates the main causes and subcauses leading to an effect (symptom). The cause-and-effect diagram is one of the seven tools of quality.
Brainstorming of potential root causes of problems (idea generation)
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Pareto Define specific problem to concentrate on its root cause analysis (identify vital few). A graphical tool for ranking causes from most significant to least significant. It is based on the Pareto principle, which was first defined by J.M. Juran in 1950. The principle, named after 19th- century economist Vilfredo Pareto, suggests that most effects come from relatively few causes; that is, 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. The Pareto chart is one of the seven tools of quality.
Identification of vital few causes of particular problem.
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Checksheet A simple data-recording device. The check sheet is custom-designed by the user, which allows him or her to readily interpret the results. The check sheet is one of the seven tools of quality. Check sheets are often confused with data sheets and checklists (see individual entries).
To gather or collect data. http://www.shmula.com/check-sheets/3932/
Cost/Benefit Analysis A multitude of methods used to determine the financial impacts of the project to the company.
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Design of Experiments A branch of applied statistics dealing with planning, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting controlled tests to evaluate the factors that control the value of a parameter or group of parameters:
To identify factors and their appropriate settings.
Histogram A graphic summary of variation in a set of data. The pictorial nature of the histogram lets people see patterns that are difficult to see in a simple table of numbers. The histogram is one of the seven tools of quality.
When a picture is needed to graphically depict variation in data.
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Hypothesis Tests (t-test, ANOVA, Chi Square)
A procedure whereby one of two mutually exclusive and exhaustive statements about a population parameter is concluded. Information form a sample is used to infer something about a population from which the sample was drawn.
To determine whether true statistical differences exist in two or more sets of data.
Non-value-Added Analysis Steps in the production and delivery of a product or service that are considered nonessential to meeting customer's needs and requirements (I.e., steps the customer would not ne willing to pay for).
When mapping process. http://www.moresteam.com/toolbox/value-added-flow-chart.cfm
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Process Map A graphical representation of the steps in a process. Flowcharts are drawn to better understand processes. The flowchart is one of the seven tools of quality.
At beginning of project to learn about the process.
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Regression or
Regression Analysis
A statistical technique for determining the best mathematical expression describing the functional relationship between one response and one or more independent variables.
Use after key factors identified to create model for process performance.
When you want to know the rrelation between variables
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Scatter Diagram A graphical technique to analyze the relationship between two variables. Two sets of data are plotted on a graph, with the y axis being used for the variable to be predicted and the x axis being used for the variable to make the prediction. The graph will show possible relationships (although two variables might appear to be related, they might not be-those who know most about the variables must make that evaluation). The scatter diagram is one of the seven tools of quality.
To show relationships between two or more variables.
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Stratification A process characteristic used to divide data into subgroups to look for changes in process performance that might indicate the factor is a key driver of process performance.
When existing data shows no patterns or key factors.
Solution Mapping Solution Mapping includes an initial white boarding session and top-level assessment to help clients formalize the purpose, requirements and uncover any hidden implementation barriers to the desired performance and development solution
Idea Generation. http://www.google.com/search?q=solution+mapping&hl=en&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=M6t9UNC4EMLHqQGa84CYCQ&sqi=2&ved=0CB0QsAQ&biw=1441&bih=656
Lateral Thinking Is solving problems through an indirect and creative approach, using reasoning that is not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable by using only traditional step-by-step logic
Phase - ImproveTool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
5S 5S is the abbreviated reference to five Japanese words that govern workplace organization and housekeeping. The five words are: Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke
Goes hand-in-hand with good safety practices, and is equally applicable to manufacturing and service settings
5S Tool
A3 Report A3 Reports are one-page reports used for documenting the necessary information needed for progress reporting and decision-making
When you want to condense the information to a single page and visually communicate to the reader using graphs, charts, and succinct bullet points.
A3 Report
Brainstorming Brainstorming is intended to encourage fresh thinking and "crazy" ideas.
When you need fresh thinking and "crazy" ideas.
Brainstorming
Corrective Action Matrix The Corrective Action Matrix is used by problem-solving teams to keep track of who is doing what - by when
To ensure action gets implemented and someone is responsible to make it happen.
Phase - ImproveTool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Error proofing
Also referred to as
Poka-yoke
Error-proofing refers to the implementation of fail-safe mechanisms to prevent a process from producing defects. This activity is also know by the Japanese term poka-yoke, from poka (inadvertent errors) and yokeru (to avoid) - pronounced POH-kuh YOH-kay.
When it is not acceptable to make even a very small number of defects
Error-Proofing
Kaizen Kaizen is the Japanese word for Continuous Improvement - a series of ongoing incremental improvements by teams focusing on eliminating all forms of waste from the operation - typically with little capital
Kaizen is a philosophy, not just a process, and it is a crucial component of the Lean Enterprise. Many companies have institutionalized the practice of Kaizen by shop floor teams, and have achieved significant performance advancement through the accumulation of incremental advancements over time.
Phase - ImproveTool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
One Piece Flow Reduced lot sizes go hand-in-hand with quick set-ups. The smaller the lot size, the better the flow through the process. Ideally the lot size is reduced to one.
To link processes into cells, eliminating double-handling, and reducing inventory and the space it requires
One Piece Flow
Pull Scheduling Pull Scheduling is generally synonymous with Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory management - a system of production scheduling that pulls product through the value-stream in a continuous flow rather than pushing it through in batches
To eliminate overproduction, and hence in-process inventory - seen a manifestation of waste
Pull Scheduling
SMED
(quick changeover)
As lean production is dependent upon small lot sizes, small lot sizes are dependent upon quick changeovers. If set-ups or changeovers are lengthy, it is mathematically impossible to run small lots of parts with low inventory because large in-process inventories must be maintained to feed production during changeovers.
Phase - ImproveTool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
System Diagrams System Dynamics is the study of the behavior of complex systems - seeking to understand the web of relationships between activities and to identify the linkage between cause and effect.
Use system diagrams when you want to visually express the dynamic forces acting upon the components of a process and the interactions between those forces.
System Diagrams
TPM TPM was developed in the 1970's as a method of involving machine operators in the preventive maintenance of their machines - a reaction to increasing specialization and centralization of the maintenance function that had created division-of-labor barriers between operators and the maintenance of their machines and equipment
When you want to tap the knowledge and skill of the people who work with the equipment on a daily basis, and gives operators a stake in the performance of the equipment
Force Field Analysis Force Field Analysis is a decision-making technique. It helps you make a decision by analyzing the forces for and against a change, and it helps you communicate the reasoning behind your decision.
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Check Process The CHECK Process was created to give Supervisors and other shop floor personnel a simple tool to evaluate process conformance.
Before gathering data and conducting in-depth research to determine the root cause of process instability, it is important to verify that the operation is being performed according to specifications and standards
CHECK Process
Phase - Control
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The purpose of Control: is to make sure that any gains will last. Document the new, improved procedures Train everyone involved Set up procedures for tracking key “vital signs” Hand-off ongoing management to the Process Owner Complete Project documentation Put measures in place to prevent “back sliding”
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Control Charts Control Chart indicates whether the process is currently under control (i.e., is stable, with variation only coming from sources common to the process),.
Use to predict future performance
Control chart
Control Plan The control plan is the centralized document to keep track of the status of all significant process characteristics.
Control Plan
Standardized Work The systematic determination and documentation of work element sequence and process for each operation.
When you want to achieve a balanced work flow, cycle time equal to Takt time, and high quality,.. work must be standardized at all operations for optimum efficiency and consistency
Standardized Work
SPC Primary tool to improve product quality by reducing process variation.
Tool What the tool is used for When to use Coaching points
Pilot Preliminary work as a test or trial
Pilot experiments are frequently carried out before large-scale implementation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_experiment
Objective & Key Topics
To develop and execute a pilot Before starting a pilot http://teaching.uncc.edu/articles-books/best-practice-articles/goals-objectives/writing-objectives-using-blooms-taxonomy
Training plan To make people aware Before starting pilot http://www.google.com/search?q=training+plan&hl=en&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=CN-LUIDHI4biigKrsoDoDQ&ved=0CCgQsAQ&biw=1366&bih=622
Success Criteria Defining effectiveness of pilot Before and during pilot http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/project-help/define-your-project-goals-and-success-criteria-HA001211137.aspx
7 Basic Tools• The designation arose in postwar Japan, inspired by the seven famous weapons of Benkei. At
that time, companies that had set about training their workforces in statistical quality control found that the complexity of the subject intimidated the vast majority of their workers and scaled back training to focus primarily on simpler methods which suffice for most quality-related issues.
• The Seven Basic Tools stand in contrast to more advanced statistical methods such as survey sampling, acceptance sampling, statistical hypothesis testing, design of experiments, multivariate analysis, and various methods developed in the field of operations research.
The seven tools are:• Cause-and-effect (also known as the "fish-bone" or Ishikawa) diagram• Check sheet• Control chart• Histogram• Pareto chart• Scatter diagram• Stratification (alternately, flow chart or run chart)