The New York Forest Owner - Volume 17 Number 4

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Vol. 17, #4

New York Forest Owner

THENEW YORK FOREST OWNERS

ASSOCIATION

Recording SecretaryLewis DuMond9 Grand St.

Cobleskill, NY 12043

TreasurerEmiel Palmer

5822 S. Salina St.Syracuse, NY 13205

Membership SecretaryHelen Varian204 Varian Rd.

Peekskill, NY 10566

ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP DUES(Please underline choice)

Junior Member, (under 21) $1Regular Member $7FamilyMembership $12Contributing Member $12-$29Sustaining Member $30-$99Supporting Member $100-$499Sponsoring Member $500 and upGiftMembership. . $5

(You may send your dues to Mrs. Varianwhose address is immediately above)

IN THIS ISSUEp.2 Officers; new members; duesP. 3 August Woods WalkP.4 "Income is it Important", Al RobertsP.5 Ken Eberley, Outstanding Tree FarmerP. 6 Questions and Answers forestry facts.P. 7 Questions, continuedP. 8 Ambrosia Beetle, Field Days;Huntington Lectures.

P.9 Publications You Should Know About;Empire Field Days; GYPCHEK; ForestSoils Expert Retires.

P.I0-11 AFRI-Research Reports.P. 12 Got a Question? Ask a Forester

WELCOMEOUR NEW MEMBERS

William H. HallTimber Services, Inc.

P.O. Box 606Hancock, NY 13783

Audrey LewisBox 127

Westmoreland, NY 13490

Al Richards225 N. Main St.

Herkimer, NY 13350

Mr. Arthur R. Schulz28 Barnwell Lane

Stony Brook, NY 11790

DIRECTORS -1979Gordon L. ConklinRobert R. MorrowHardy L. ShirleyEvelyn A. Stock

DIRECTORS -1980Robert EdmondsRichard Lea

Barbara PittengerWilliamS. PowersLloyd G. StrombeckHoward O. WardKenneth Williams

DIRECTORS -1981Robert Demeree

Kenneth L. EberleyJames P. Lassoie

Frederick A. UmholtzC. Eugene Farnsworth

David HanaburghRobert M. Sand

FALL MEETINGTo be at the Adirondack Lodge in OldForge..Time and details later.

Published by theNEW YORK FOREST OWNERS

Association

Evelyn A. StockEditor

PresidentROBERT M. SANDOdessa, NY 14869

First Vice PresidentHOWARD O. WARD

240 Owego St.Candor, NY 13743

2nd Vice PresidentROBERT L. EDMONDS

R#3, Box 99Marathon, NY 13803

3rd Vice PresidentPROF. ROBERT R. MORROW

Dept. Natural ResourcesFernow Hall, Cornell Univ.

Ithaca, NY 13852

New DirectorsGordon L. Conklin

RD#2Trumansburg, NY 14886

Arthur R. EschnerSUNY College of ESFSyracuse, NY 13210

David P. Lum, Jr.R#l, Box 31

LOWVille,NY 13367

Robert R. MorrowFernow Hall, Cornell Univ.

Ithaca, NY 13852

Mary McCartyRochester, NY 14628

Paul B. SteinfeldPleasantville, NY 10570

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New York Forest Owner Page 3

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1979 Summer Woods Walk1:,,:7./

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DATE: August 18, 1979

PLACE: Cuyler, New York

TIME: 9:30 a.m. Please sign in at the Cuyler Four Corners (see map).

This woods walk is a departure from the normal ones as it will be conductedwholly on State Forest land. The object of this walk is to see the State Forest"in action" and learn the goals of public forest administration. The tour willcover forest management, forest recreation, and wildlife and watershed consider-ations. All types of cutting systems will be covered along with forest roadlocation and construction. Sales of timber, pulp, and firewood will be viewedalong with experimental cuttings. Regional Forester E. A. Karsch and/or membersof his professional staff will be present to lead the tour and make comments andanswer questions.

REGISTRATION FEE: $1.00 - Coffee and doughnuts will be served.

Unfortunately no convenient lunch arrangements are available, so pleasebring your own lunch, including beverage. A picnic site will be available.

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Pre-Registration Form

Return to: Robert L. Demeree, Assistant Regional ForesterNYS Department of Environmental ConservationP. O. Rox..116.9. Fisher AvenueCortland, NY 13045

NAME TELEPHONE NO .-----ADDRESS _

I will bring guests• AMOUNT ENCLOSED _

Page 4 NewYork F()rest Owner

INCOME -IS IT IMPORTANT?

BY AL ROBERTSCONSULTING FORESTER

Is it important to you to get some incomefrom your woodlot? This is a question Iwould really be interested in gettingan answer to &om members of theNY Forest Owners Association. If Ihad to make a guess I would say 50% wouldprobably say no. But I would not be one ofthem. Those of you who would say no, cannow skip to the next article.

It is important to me to get somecontinuing income for two reasons:

(1) just as a matter of principle I believethe forest is there to produce a saleableproduct for the benefit of its owner, and thecommunity where it is located, and Iwould be a poor steward of this forest if itdidn't. So much for principle.

(2) is that it is very costly these days toown forest land and it should be able tocurrently bear some of the costs, andeventually show a profit. In my case, thecosts are $4.50 per acre per year for taxes,and $18.00 an acre interest on the value ofthe property. In other words, if I sold theproperty and invested the money at 8%, theincome would be $18 per acre per year.Now this is quite a lot. Since I calculate thatto me "joy of ownership" is worth $4.00 peracre per year, it only leaves $18.50 for theland to pay. Is this a reasonable amount toexpect? Well, I am not a learned economistschooled in the cruel facts of long termcompound interest, but off hand, I wouldsay yes. I have some growth plots in mywoods which show about 500 board feet peracre per year of growth. The trees in thestand run from 5" to 15" in diameter. Someof that comes out periodically in thinningsfor low value products (firewood) butperhaps 300 b.f. will eventually go forsawlogs. While most of us are acutely awareof how fast taxes have gone up, perhaps notso many are aware of the fact that stumpageprices for the good hardwood sawtimberspecies have been going up faster than the

inflation rate. So the 300 b.f. of sawtimberper acre per year would translate to, say,$50 per acre per year.

I have a good site, good species, goodmarkets and I thin regularly so that each treecan do its best for me. If all these things arenot true for your woods then you cannotexpect to get the 500 b.f. (board feet) peracre per year.

If you are among the 50% who would say"yes", it is important for me to get someincome from my woods, then here are somesuggestions on how to do it, (if you don'talready know).

First and foremost of course, is acommercial timber sale. You may think youdo not have any timber, but look again. Ifyou haven't kept up with the changingmarket conditions you might be surprised.The market for chips and low grade palletlogs has made anything 10" and upmarketable, even large ironwood. If in doubtcheck with a consulting forester of the Dept.of Environmental Conservation. You don'thave to have a large acreage either. Newequipment has made it financially feasible toharvest only a few acres. Another idea is todo the cutting and skidding yourself, thusadding $75 to $100 per thousand b.f. to thevalue you have to sell. But be careful. Don'tcut until you have the trees sold.

Prices you might expect to receive varywidely in different parts of the state and inindividual woodlots depending on timberspecies, quality and accessibility, but$150.00 per thousand board feet for hardmaple, cherry and ash and $200 per b.f. foroak is not unusual. I wish I could say thesame for beech and hemlock.

If you really don't have any sawtimber,and if you haven't thinned your sapling orpole stands within the past five years, youprobably have some firewood. This presentsa wide range of possibilities. I like to cutfirewood, so I sell it split and delivered. If

your woods is reasonably accessible, thestumpage market for firewood is great. Iknow a farmer who has the ConservationDept. forester mark his woods for a thinningand he cuts and skids the trees, tree length,to a field where weekend cutters can buck itup and take it home in pickup trucks or cartrailers.

Still another jump down the scale. Ifound, when my trees were smaller thatpeople would even buy 3" by 6' mixedhardwood posts. I have considered, buthaven't tried fence rails. Of course if youhave locust or cedar, you have a gold mine.

If you don't have sawtimber and thefirewood and post markets are no good, -butyour woods still needs thinning, and you area do it yourselfer, you can make moneydoing timber stand improvement in yourown woods. This is done through a subsidyprovided by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.Depending on your county, the programdiffers somewhat, but generally they will payyou about $30 per acre to thin your ownwoods. If you are not already familiar withthis program, see your consulting forester,Conservation Dept. forester or your countyU.S.D.A. office.

If you have any open fields on yourproperty sitting around doing nothing, by allmeans grow some Christmas trees. Lately,demand has exceeded the supply and theprice has at least kept up with inflation, $5 toeven $10 on the stump for well cared forDouglas fir and balsam is a possible price.

If you have a large enough acreage (a fewhundred), you might be able to recoup atleast part of your taxes by leasing thehunting privileges to a group of hunters. TheDivision of Fish and Game of the Dept. ofEnvironmental Conservation might be ableto help you in this area.

If none of the above works, sell out attoday's inflated land prices and buy I.B.M.stock.

New York Forest Owner Page 5

1979 OUTSTANDING TREE FARMER

Kenneth Eber'ey (L)receives a Tree Farm Certificate/or his second Tree Farmat the same time he is recognized for his achievement as the OutstandingTree Farmer o/the Year in New York State. Making the presentation is PatrickS. A. Flood. chairman o/the New York Tree Farm Committee/or the AmericanTree Farm System.

Albany, May 31 ... KennethL. Eberley of the OneidaCountytown of Whitesboro waslauded for 50 years of forestmanagement work as a wood-land owner who cares for hisforests, at the Empire StateForest Products Associationmeeting in Albany on Thursday,May 31. Eberley received anaward for the Outstanding TreeFarmer for 1979 in New YorkState.

American Tree Farm Chair-man in New York, Patrick S. A.Flood, presented Eberley with aTree Farm Certificate for his sec-ond property since he now hasTree Farms in Cooperstown andForestport. Flood also providedEberley with a plaque in recogni-tion of his accomplishments asOutstanding Tree Farmer in NewYork State. And Flood an-nounced a new McCulloch chain

saw will be presented to KenEberley at the New YorkWoodsmen's Field Days onAugust 19 in Boonville as a tokenof appreciation for his efforts andinterest in promoting good forestmanagement.

Eberley has removed Ribesplants which spread blister rustthat kills white pine trees. Over50,000 tree seedlings have beenplanted by Eberley since 1952and many have been harvestedfor Christmas trees. Eberley hasinvested in the future of his farmsby conducting non-commercialthinnings made to remove poortrees which compete with poten-tial crop trees. He has madecommercial cuttings to removelow value trees and commercialharvests have been conducted torealize the full potential of goodforest management which yieldshigh value timber.

Ken Eberley is a Tree Farmerwho is certified under theAmerican Tree Farm Systemwhich requires that good forestmanagement, approved by aprofessional forester, be prac-ticed before being certified as aTree Farmer. Eberley, in additionto, being one of over 400 TreeFarmers in New York State whomanage some one half millionacres of woodlands, is this year'sOutstanding Tree Farmer.

Information about forestmanagement and the AmericanTree Farm System, which is na-tionally sponsored by theAmerican Forest Institute ofWashington, D.C., can be ob-tained from Patrick Flood, NewYork Tree Farm CommitteeChairman, 21 Bay St., GlensFalls, N.Y. 12801.

Page 6 New York Forest Owner

1.Why doesn't thisscene representNew York State'sforests accurately?

3.Is this leaf froma birch, beech,ash, maple, orbasswood?

..... -

Would you believe it?

True forestry facts.

In the Boonville-Lowville area, a newdisease, Scleroderriscanker, is killingthousands of red andScotch pine trees.

Commercial forestsin New York Statecontain more growingstock volume of ash,sugar maple, beech,basswood, and yellowbirch than any otherstate according toestimates.

Can you identify 15 hazardous conditions or acts?Don't do as demonstrated here or accidents will happen.

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4.About how many sawmills arethere in New York State?(a) 300, (b) 500, (c) 700

5. Has sawmill production(a) increased, (b) decreased,(c) remained the same in NewYork State between1976 and 1978?

--- ANSWERS ---

1. Softwoods which areconifers with needlesare in the scene; andthey cover less than20 percent of New York'scommercial forest land.More than 80 percent ofthe State's commercialforest land is in hardwoodforest types accordingto the U.S.D.A, ForestService.

2. 54,000 pounds.

3. Sugar maple, calledhard maple in the lumberindustry.

4. (b) 500

5. (a) increased by 126million board feet to about500 million (1/2 billion)board feet.

New York Forest Owner

2.This is a tandem axle log truckwith a knuckle-boom hydrauliclog loader. Under New York Statelaw, the maximum legal weight onthe dual (tandem) axles is 36,000pounds. What is the maximum legalweight on a tri-axle tandem group(three axles together)?

Attend the free program"WOOD IS GOOD"

about firewood, woodlots,chainsaws, and stoves, etc.

Friday. August 17. 1979Adirondack High SchoolBoonville. N.V. - 8:00 p.m.

32nd Annual New York State

WOODSMEN'S FIELD DAYSAugust 17, 18 & 19, 1979

Boonville, New YorkN.Y.S. Loading & Skidding ChampionshipsN.Y.S. Open Championship Woodsmen's

Contests • Forest Industry ExhibitsWood Craft Demonstrations

Promote N.Y.S. Forest IndustryFor Information Write:Boonville Area Chamberof Commerce - Box 163Boonville, N.Y. 13309

Sponsored by:N.Y.S. Woodsmen's FieldDays Corp. and N.Y.S.

Timber ProducersAssociation

Page 8 New York Forest Owner

Scientists StudyMethod to FightAmbrosia Beetle

Burnaby, B.C.. (CP) - Scientists are us-ing perfume to lure the ambrosia beetle,which costs the British Columbia forest in-dustry millions of dollars a year, to a stickydeath.

A research team headed by Dr. JohnBorden of the Simon Fraser Universitybiology department has won a $108,000grant from the Natural Sciences andEngineering Research Council to conduct athree-year study of the technique.

The beetle has become an increasingproblem in British Columbia since 1970when chemical pesticides traditionally usedto combat the wood-boring pest werebanned for environmental reasons.

Ambrosia beetles do not attack living treesbut burrow deep into harvested logs andprocessed lumber to raise their young, leav-ing the wood marked with a maze of pin-sized holes and dark stains which form whenfungi grow in the tunnels.

Downgrading the damaged wood to utilityfrom premium grades results in a loss ofabout $7-million a year in British Columbia.

Dr. Borden says lumber companies havetried to combat the problem by removingfelled logs from the forest before they can beinfested. They have also tried spraying logswith a fine mist of water because the beetlesdo not like damp wood. Both methods workbut are not practical.

The research project centers on threepheromones identified during the last 12years by Dr. Borden and Dr. R.N. Silversteinof the New York State College of En-vironmental Science and Forestry inSyracuse.

Pheromones are a sort of perfume insectsuse to communicate. Simon Fraser chemistshave been able to synthesize threepheromones, one for each of three speciesof the ambrosia bettle, which in nature areused by the insects to alert each other to thediscovery of a log suitable for housekeeping.

In the development program, sticky per-fumed traps will be set out at several log-sorting locations around the province.

Pheromones are environmentally safe andthe technique appears to be effective.

A pilot project between 1974 and 1976 ata sawmill near Chemainus on VancouverIsland worked so well that the company hasadopted the technique as its only controlmethod.

"In another field test recently at a log-sorting site near Sooke (West of Victoria),we captured 10,000 beetles with one trap inone week," says Dr. Borden.

"That's probably a small proportion of thetotal population, but it indicates that we havea good chance of over-all success."

July Woods Walkby Gordon Conklin

Nearly 50 people attended theWoods Walk sponsored by The NewYork Forest Owners Association inJuly near Ithaca, New York. Par-ticipants looked over two wood-lots ... one owned by CornellUniversity, and the other by theBeck family.

Prof. Robert Morrow, a director ofNYFOA and a member of the facul-ty at Cornell University, led thediscussions about both woodlots.Some points that were made includ-ed:

- Thinning does not increase thetotal amount of growth in a woodlot,but concentrates it on selected trees.Doing a thinning is more importantthan how the thinning is done.

- The growth response from thin-ning can be substantial over a periodof 10-30 years. Therefore, thinningoffers a better financial opportunitythan planting trees.

-A tree puts on a considerablevolume of growth annually afterreaching a diameter of 14 inches.Harvesting trees in the smaller

diameters tends to heavily diminishthe near-potential for timber growth.

-When thinning is done to ex-isting (and potentially valuable)hardwoods on good sites, it is one ofthe most effective forest-manage-ment practices.

-Failure to thin stands results in asmall number of large trees peracre ... and too few good-qualitytrees from which to select crop trees.There should be 100-150 good treesper acre for crop trees.

-Not all trees will respond torelease by thinning. Some smalltrees may be 50 years old and onlyan inch or two in diameter! Releas-ing an older tree that is still verysmall will not result in a desirabletree that will grow rapidly.

- "Whip" trees, small ones whoseupper branches "whip" on nearbytrees, reduce the crown size of thoseneighboring trees. "Wolf" trees arebig, ungainly specimens that areworthless for timber, but take up anenormous amount of room in theforest. Both types of trees should betaken out when thinning.

THE HUNTINGTON LECTURES 1979Presented by

The State University College of EnvironmentalScience and Forestry

Thursday, 8:00 p.m. atThe Adirondack Ecological CenterRoute 28N, Newcomb, New York

You are invited to participate in the twelfth annual season of the Huntington Lec-tures. These lectures about wildlife, nature and the Adirondacks are designed to ap-peal to layman and expert alike. All lectures are open to the public and are free ofcharge.

PROGRAMJuly 26 The Adirondack Coyote. Mr. Joe Okoniewski, Graduate student,

C.E.S.F., Huntington Wildlife Forest, Newcomb, N.Y.Aug. 9 The Nesting Ecology of the Goshawk in the Adirondacks. Ms.

Barbara Allen, Raptor Specialist, Endangered Species Unit, WildlifeResources Center, Delmar, N. Y.

Aug. 23 Potential Effects of Acid Precipitation on Forest Ecosystemsin the Adirondack Mountains: A Problem Analysis. Dr. DudleyRaynal, Associate Professor, C.E.S.F., Syracuse, N.Y.

For additional information, please contact:Mr. Raymond MastersAdirondack Ecological CenterNewcomb, New York 12852Phone: (518) 582-4551

New York Forest Owner Page 9

Publications YouShould KnowAboutWhat forest landowners should

know about Federal Estate and GiftTaxes. From USDA Forest Service,Southeastern Area, State & Private Forestry.General Report SA-GR1, 1976. By Keith A.Utz et ai, available from Forest Service, Suite901, 1720 Peachtree St., N.W. Atlanta Ga.30309.

Truck Weight Law & Vehicle andTraffic Law Transportation of logsand other materials available from DaveTaber, Cooperative Extension SpecialistWood Utilization Service, SUNY College ofEnvironmental Science and Forestry,Syracuse, NY 13210.

Logger's and Sawmillers Guide toFederal Labor Law. Available from DaveTaber.

ScandinavianTour Postponed

My great fortune at being chosenAssistant Editor of AmericanAgriculturist is your misfortune inhaving a delayed tour to Scandina-via. With all the flurry of activity in-volved with moving a family andstarting a new job, it has been im-possible for me to think of trip plan-ning.

My scheme is this: no fall, 1979,tour. Instead, I shall make whateverarrangements I can for a two weektrip to Denmark, Sweden, andFinland in July, 1980. This offerssome advantages and some disad-vantages to the Forest OwnersAssociation. While the summer priceis sure to be higher than a spring orfall off-season price, the summerdate would appeal to many whoseprofession prohibits their participa-tion in spring and fall.

There may even be jet fuel stillavailable in 1980!

Anyone wishing details of the tripor to volunteer to go should contactme at 257 Owego Street, Candor,New York 13743.

- Alan Knight

IN THE MAILBOX .... . . Ie tte r s posted, pi! fered

or passed along.

EMPIRE FARM DAYSAugust 7-8-9

Palladino Farm, near Pompey, North ofRoute 20.

"The Impact of Intensive Harvesting on-Forest Nutrient Cycling" - a conference,to be held August 13-16 on the ESF collegecampus in Syracuse, will examine the effectsof the total removal of trees on the produc-tivity of forest sites.

"The knowledge of heavy logging designfar exceeds knowledge of what is happeningto soil conditions at logging sites, accordingto Dr. Albert Leaf, soil scientist at the forestrycollege. Consequently the conference hasgenerated a great deal of interest from in-dustry personnel and consulting foresters aswell as researchers and .faculty interested inlearning about the effects such equipmentand activity has on the productivity of forestsites.

Information on conference facilities andregistration may be obtained by writing:Dean, School of Continuing Education,SUNY College of Environmental Scienceand Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210.

AFRI Research Note No. 29, April, 1979.Gypsy Moth Suppression tactics and theireffects on parasitism and the natural oc-currence of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus(NPV). Available from Dave Taber.

AFRI Research Report No. 44, May1979. Optimizing Log Skidder Productionin Northern Hardwoods by D. E. Kotenand L S. Flatau.

AFRI Research Report No. 42, April1979. Perspectives for "Silvicultural BestManagement Practices" by Richard J. Me-Climans, James T. Gebhardt and Steve P.Roy.

AFRI Research Report No. 43, May1979. Stand Volume Tables for Second-Growth Northern Hardwoods in NewYork by Jeanne Marie LaPlante, Ralph D.Nyland and John V. Berglund.

GYPCHEK, an insecticide developed byscientists with the USDA Forest Service'sForest Insect and Disease Laboratory inHamden, Conn., is underqoinq tests thisyear in five states and one foreign country.Used for controlling gypsy moth popula-tions, GYPCHEK was registered in April oflast year by the Environmental ProtectionAgency.

This year's tests will take place in Wiscon-sin, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Vermont,Massachusetts, and New York. West Ger-many will provide an international aspect toexperiments which are intended to deter-mine GYPCHEK's operationalcharacteristics. The tests should result in im-proved formulations and application rates.

Two other USDA agencies, Animal andPlant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)and Science and Education Administration(SEA), are cooperating with the Forest Ser-vice in the 1979 tests.

Made from the gypsy moth nucleopoly-hedrosis virus (NPV), GYPCHEK is abiological control agent that has provedSignificantly effective against gypsy mothpopulations. NPV provides excellent protec-tion for tree foliage, and poses no knowndanger to birds and animals that feed ongypsy moth larvae. Research conducted atHamden on a variety of mammalian andavian predators showed no short term effecton general condition, weight, reproduction,or the state of tissues.

Gypsy moth research and developmentbegan in the early 60's and will continue until1980. Much progress has been made in thatdecade of research toward understandingand controlling the gypsy moth and thedamage it causes.

For more information on GYPCHEK orother gypsy moth research developments.write:

Program CoordinatorUSDA Gypsy Moth ProgramForest Insect and Disease Laboratory151 Sanford StreetHamden, CT 06514

FOREST SOILSEXPERT RETIRES

ITHACA, N.Y. - Earl L Stone, well-known for his research in soil-forest relation-ships, has been named professor of forestsoils, emeritus. He retires June 30, 1979after 31 years on the faculty of the N. Y.State College of Agriculture and LifeSciences at Cornell University and willbecome visiting professor at the University ofFlorida at Gainesville.

USDA GypsyMoth Program

Page 10 New York Forest Owner

Location Key forBest ManagementPractices-SiloiculturebyRichard J. McClimans

ProblemAlthough intensive and sustained timber

harvesting with carefully applied manage-ment practices does not generally result inwater pollution, destruction of water qualityand aquatic habitats can occur when certainforestry activities take place under sensitivesite conditions and locations. Small head-water streams and tributaries are especiallyvulnerable.

ObjectivesTo identify those sensitive site conditions

and problem areas which should either beavoided or where special managementpractices should be applied in order tominimize adverse impacts on water bodies.

R~sultsThe report describes site conditions and

locations where certain forestry activitiesbecome critical with respect to waterpollution control considerations. Graphicsare provided to indicate where specialmanagement considerations or practices areneeded.

ApplicationThe research report should be of interest

to foresters, landowners, public officials andloggers who are interested in applying thebest management practices to silviculturaloperations in order to preserve and protectforest and water resources.

AFRI Research Report No. 39 March 1979

Whole Tree WeightTablesfor New YorkbyD. B. Monteith

ProblemIncreasingly expanding markets for whole

tree chips and fuelwood require a simple but.accurate means of measuring the forest treeresource on a weight basis, includingportions of trees previously consideredunmerchantable. Weight tables provide themeasurement tool to provide the informa-tion necessary to measure our forestresource by this new yardstick.

ObjectiveTo develop useful above ground whole

tree weight tables of known accuracy andreliability to New York forest conditions.

ResultsWeight tables were developed for ten

species: sugar and red maple, hemlock,white pine, northern red oak, beech, whiteash, spruce, aspen and yellow birch. Theyare available in metric or English units, on agreen or dry weight basis and for each of thefollowing components: whole tree, entirebole, bole to 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12" dob toplimits. The tables include weights for trees ofDbh from 1" (2.5 cm) to 22" (55 cm).

ApplicationThese whole tree weight tables can be

used with any stand table developed bystandard forest mensuration and forestinventory techniques to estimate forest treestanding crop and growth in terms of weight.They apply to a wide range of conditionsthroughout New York and are sufficientlyaccurate for operational application.

AFRI Research Report No. 40 April 1979

Herbicide Screeningfor Weed Control InWestern ForestNurseries-Great Plains SegmentbyL. P. Abrahamson and K. F. Burns

ProblemUse of herbicides in forest tree nurseries is

very limited at the present time even thoughherbicides are available that have potentialor demonstrated applicability for nurseryuse. However, some of these chemicals arenot registered by the Environmental Protec-tion Agency for nursery use and others havenot been accepted by all nurserymen.Additionally, there has been no coordinatedeffort to develop and encourage herbicidesfor forest tree nursery use in the westernUnited States.

ObjectivesA coordinated effort will be made to

develop, register, and demonstrate safe andeffective herbicide treatments for use inwestern forest nurseries, thereby greatlyreducing labor and weeding costs. Suchtreatments must produce acceptable weedcontrol (greater than 70 percent reduction inweeds) and must be safe on importantconifer /hardwood species (no significantreduction in seedling survival or height andno soil persistence at twice the dosagerequired for weed control). Six nurseries inthe Great Plains will cooperate in theherbicide trials in a three year study.

ResultsFirst year results which included six

herbicide treatments: (DCPA, Oxyflurofen,Bifenox, Napropamide, Oxadiazon, and theBifenox-Napropamide tank mix) producedacceptable weed control without noticeablephytotoxic effects on most of the speciestested. Further tests will continue in 1979.

ApplicationSince each years testing is a separate

study, the results of the first year tests areprovided in this report. Nurserymen andothers will be interested in the results.

AFRI Research Report No. 41 April 1979

Copies of Reports are availableupon request.

Publications, SUNY Collegeof Environmental Scienceand Forestry, Syracuse 13210

New York Forest Owner Page 11

Comparison of theBAF 20 and BAF 10Variable-Radius PlotMethodsforEstimating GypsyMoth Egg Masses

During the 1978 field season AFRIconducted a number of field projects andevaluations, one of which was a comparisonof the basal area factor 20 (BAF 20) and thebasal area factor 10 (BAF 10) variable-radiusplot estimation methods for sampling gypsymoth egg masses. The DEC had been usingthe BAF 10 method as their standard andwanted to determine if the BAF 20 samplingscheme gave similar estimates for eggmasses per acre while decreasing the sampletime. AFRI conducted the determination aspart of the cooperative study.

METHODSThe procedures and computations for the

BAF 20 egg mass sampling method can befound in the gypsy moth handbook entitled,"Gypsy Moth Egg-Mass Sampling with Fixedand Variable-Radius Plots", which wasdeveloped by the Combined Forest PestResearch and Development Program(USDA, Agr. Handbook No. 523). AFRImodified the sampling procedure slightly bynot stratifying the egg mass counts by height.Also, no stratifying was done in thefixed-radius 1/200 mini-plots. The BAF 10method used by the DEC was similar to themodified BAF 20 method.

The Applied Forestry Research Institute(AFRI) is cooperating on a study with theNew York State Department of Environ-mental Conservation (DEC) to develop anIntegrated Pest Management System for thegypsy moth. This study is partially supportedby funds provided by the USDA ForestService and the DEe.

In 1978, a number of areas in Sullivan andOrange Counties were sprayed with Bacillusthuringiensis (Bt) (Thuricide 16B and DipelWP) by the counties and with carbaryl(Sevin-4-oil) by a private contractor. AFRIselected plots from these study areas tocompare the two egg mass samplingmethods. Egg mass counts were conductedin October, 1978. Ten plots sprayed with Bt,five control plots, and three plots sprayedwith carbaryl were sampled using bothmethods with a total of 81 subplots.Mini-plots with a radius of 8-1/3 ft. (1/200A)were used to estimate nonoverstory eggmass densities. The time to sample a subplotusing a two man crew was recorded for eachof the 81 subplots.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSTable 1 summarizes the results of egg

mass density estimates and average time tosample BAF 20 and BAF 10 subplots.

The egg masses per acre estimatesshowed no significant difference at the 95%confidence level using a standardized t-test.However, the two means for sampling timeper subplot were significantly different at the95% confidence level. In other words, ittook 39% less time to sample a BAF 20subplot than a BAF 10 subplot and there wasno significant difference in the egg massdensity estimates. At the 95% confidencelevel, the two sampling time means differ byas little as 6.6 minutes or as much as 13.3minutes.

In summary, valuable time can be savedduring a field season, with regard to eggmass surveys, with no significant differencesin the accuracy of results by using a BAF 20variable-radius plot estimation methodinstead of a BAF 10 method. AFRI found nosignificant differences at the 95% confidencelevel in egg mass estimates, while realizing asubstantial savings in sampling time (39%)by using a BAF 20.

L.P. AbrahamsonSenior Research Associate

D.A. EggenTechnical SpeCialist

R.L. Nissen, Jr.Technical Assistant

Table 1. Comparison of egg mass densities and sampling time between BAF 10 and BAF 20variable-radius plot methods for estimating gypsy moth egg masses.

Parameters BAFIOMethod

BAF20

Average egg masses per acreStandard error of the meanRange of plot meansAverage number of minutes to

sample one subplot(2 man crew)

Standard error of the meanRange of subplot times

13021

o to 321

14424

010328

25.31.4

3.0 to 67.0

15.31.1

1.0 to 48.0

FISH STORYTwo ardent fishermen met on their

vacation and began swapping stories aboutthe different places they had fished, the kindof tackle used, the best bait, and finallyabout some of the fish they had caught.

One of them told of a vicious battle heonce had with a 300-pound salmon. Theother man listened attentively. He franklyadmitted he had never caught anythingquite that big. However, he told about thetime his hook snagged a lantern from thedepths of a lake. The lantern carried a tagproving it was lost back in 1912. But thestrangest think of all was the fact that it was awaterproof lantern and the light was still lit.

For a long time the first man said nothing.Then he took one last draw on his cigarettebefore rubbing it out in the ashtray.

"I'll tell you what I'll do, he said slowly,"I'll take 200 pounds off my fish, if you'll putout the light in your lantern."

Him-Her-and gettingthe lawn mowed

A wife who was always nagging herhusband to mow the lawn hit on a sneakynew way to get it mowed before the grassgot too long. He got home one afternoonand found her out cutting the grass herselfwith the new power mower. She was, inshort, shaming him before the wholeneighborhood.

Furious, he took over and finished thejob. When he put the mower away, hedisconnected the spark plug so as to makesure she wouldn't be able to pull such a stunta second time.

Several weeks went by and he camehome and found her mowing the lawnagain.

"There was something wrong with themower," she told him, "but I called a repairman. He fixed it and only charged fivedollars."

Page 12 New York Forest Owner

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Permit No. 37

Come Inby Robert Frost

As I came to the edge of the woods,Thrush music-hark!Now if it was dusk outside,Inside it was dark.

Too dark in the woods for a birdBy sleight of wingTo better its perch for the night,Though it still could sing.

The last of the light of the sunThat had died in the westStill lived for one song moreIn a thrush's breast.

Far in the pillared darkThrush music went-Almost like a call to come inTo the dark and lament.

But no, I was out for stars:I would not come in.I meant not even if asked;And I hadn't been.

JulyYellow with birdfoot-trefoil are the grassy

glades;Yellow with cinquefoil of the dew-gray leaf;Yellow with stone crop; the moss-mounds

are yellow;Blue-necked the wheat sways, yellowing to

the sheaf.Green-yellow, bursts from the copse the

laughing yaffle;Sharp as a sickle is the edge of shade and

shine.Earth in her heart laughs, looking at the

heavens,Thinking of the harvest, I look and think of

mine.

Love in the ValleyG. Meredith

AugustThis month received its present name

from the Emperor Augustus, and wasselected not as being his natal month, butbecause in it his greatest good fortunehappened to him. As July contained thirtyone days, and August only thirty, it wasthought necessary to add another day to thelatter month, in order that Augustus mightnot be in any respect inferior to Julius.

Mottoes"All the tears St. Swithin can cry, St.

Bartlemy's mantle wipes them dry.""SI. Bartholomew (August 24th) brings

the cold dew."'If the 24th of August be fair and clear,

then hope for a prosperous Autumn that,year

Got a question?

ASK A FORESTER

Correction: In the last issue under theheading of Birdseye Maple it should havesaid Harry Burry ... says that he has noticedthat the phenomenon is noticeably morecommon in northern Michigan and theAdirondacks than in other locations.

DefinitionsWisdom: Knowing the difference be-

tween pulling your weight and throwing itaround.

Vacation: 1. A change of routine thatmakes you feel good enough to go back towork and poor enough to have to. 2. A briefrelief without the chief.Vision: Looking farther than you can see.Youth: A good substitute for experience.

When it comes to giving, some peoplestop at nothing.

The trouble with some folks who give untilit hurts is that they are so sensitive to pain.