The Austronesian- Japanese Connection You can’t make this stuff up! ...Or could you?
Dec 22, 2015
The Austronesian-Japanese ConnectionYou can’t make this stuff up!
...Or could you?
So… Japanese is related to Hawai’ian?
The Austronesian languages are thought to have split 6-8,000 years ago.The Malayo-Polynesian subfamily is the largest with approximately 300 million speakers.Archeological evidence indicates an origin in southern China.Found in the Philippines, Indonesia, the Malay peninsula, Taiwan, Polynesia and Madagascar!9 out 10 branches found only in Taiwan.
それが真珠湾攻撃の理由なのか?
Austronesian Taiwan
Atayal Woman
Rukai Chief
Amis Harvest Festival
Bunun Planting Ritual
How long ago did Japanese branch off?
The idea that Japanese is an Austronesian language is considered unlikely by most.
偽言語比較論 -tastic!
Benedict: Japanese came from Southern China of Austro-Tai stock over 5,000 years ago.Murayama: Japanese is an Altaic/Austronesian HybridShinmura, Oono etc.: Japanese is Altaic with Austronesian substratumMiller: Japanese is purely Altaic.
日本人は遺伝子的に北方系集団に親密であり、
gen
etic
rela
tion
s
南方系の人々とは相当に大きな距離がある
Phological Diachronic Evolution of WordsCopping out can be easy!
Reduction-right – (RR)Elision of final syllable(s)持つ motu < OJ mötu < PAJ *ramoc “to grasp”
Reduction-left – (RL)Elision of first syllable(s)毛 ke < OJ kë < *kai < *ka +*i < bukas
Phological Diachronic Evolution of WordsCopping out can be easy!
Benedict seems to related apparently unrelated terms via hybrid etyma百 momo “100” ~ PA *ribuPAJ etymon: *ri(m)bəw水 midu ~ P-Atayalic biyuq “juice”PAJ etymon: *(m)bidźuqAnalogously:口 kuti ~ Eng. MouthP-English-Japanese: kumau(θ)ti
Austronesian Family語彙の比較
Malayo-Polynesian
Gloss MalayOld
JavaneseMaori Chamorro Tagalog Malagasy Tao
(Formosan)
*anak child anak anak tamaiti patgon anak anaka anak
*buŋa flower buŋa wuŋa pwa:wai(flores) (<Sp.)
buŋa(fruit)
vuni savosavoŋ
*lelaki male lelaki laki ta:ne lahi lalaki lahi mehakaj
*mata eye mata mata mata mata mata maso mata
Japanese Relations
童 wara-Fe < ʔu+alakʔu = frozen topic marker
花 Fana < baŋa (Benedict’s A. Reconstruction)cf. Paiwan (For.) baŋal “fruit”P-Kadai *baal < *baŋal “fruit”
(no correspondence to *lelaki “male”)目 me < më < *mai < *ma +*i < PAT mapra
Austronesian Family語彙の比較
Malayo-Polynesian
Gloss MalayOld
JavaneseMaori Chamorro Tagalog Malagasy
Tao(For.)
*putiʔ white putih putih ma: aʔpaka putiʔ fotsi malavaŋ
*sakitsick/pain
sakit sakit ma:uiui sageʔ sakit rari miŋən
*SuSuʔ breast susu susu u: susu susuʔ nono ṣuṣuʔ
*tawən year tahun tahun tauaɲu sakkan
taʔun taona awan
Japanese Relations
(no correspondence to *putiʔ “white”)(no correspondence to *sakit “sick/pain”)乳 titi < PAK t iś t iś
this seems to me onomatopoeiccf. Turkic čičig, Eng. tit etc.
年 tosi < OJ tösi < PAJ tuxiɣ
Austronesian Family語彙の比較
Malayo-Polynesian
Gloss MalayOld
JavaneseMaori Chamorro Tagalog Malagasy
Tao(For.)
*esa/isa one satu sa- tahi hatʃa isa isa asa
*duSa two dua rwatua rua
hawa dalawa roa ruʔaʔ
*telu three tiga təlu toru tulu tatlo teloatlo tiluʔ
*Sepat four empat pat ɸa: fatfat apat efatra apat
*lima five lima lima rima lima lima dimi limaʔ(hand)
Japanese Relations
いざなみ < *iza+*na+*miiza < PAK ʔitsana = subordinating particlemi = variant of 女 me < PAT ba(m)bəhi(伝統分析) < 誘う ( いざなう , “invite”)+ 女
…similarly いざなぎ
Japanese Relations
二 - futa-<Futa < (bound form) PAus. Put aścf. Paiwan maka-pusa-ɫ, PTsou –pusa-
(no correspondence to *duSa “three”)四 - yo- < yö- < Austro-Kadai śəpat (!)五つ itutu < *i+*tutu < PAK *lima
tutu = reduplicated numeral suffix -tu
Most Convincing Examples:竹 < takë < *taka+*i < PA batakan鎚 tuti “hammer”<tutui<*tutu+*i< PA tutu鳴く < nak- < PAK *ŋak(ŋak)飲む < nom- < PA ʔinom舐める < OJ namu < PA nam(nam) “to taste”荒 ara “wild, of the wild” < ʔalats “forest”穴 < PAJ *qanan “hole”
Abosolute worst examples ever!田 ta “field” < PAK (m)plalaq早 /速い <*(m)baɣat “NW monsoon,
east wind etc”矢 < PA *lawi “feather”滝 < *(m)pujak “foam, bubble”岡 oka “hill” < woka < PAJ *po(ŋ)krak
Extra-lexical Motivation
Phonological simplicity of JapaneseRather few phonemesTendency towards open syllablesAustronesian morphemes are largely CVCVC
Should this explain high rate of two-syllable morphemes in Japanese?Or CVCVC structure of verbs like koros-?
Ainu is also heavily CVCVC…
Extra-lexical Motivation
Reduplicated reduplicationPlurals – 人々Onomatopoeias – バラバラAustronesian has twice the doubling!
Plurals - orangorangVerbal conjugations
Ainu Ainu!merimeri “sparkles”
Japanese is a dialect of English
Conclusion: