telecommunication

• 1. A summer training presentation on telecommunication By Saroj choudhary

2. BSNL Overview BSNL is India's oldest and largest communication service provider (CSP). It had a customer base of 110 million as of June 2013. It has footprints throughout India except for the metropolitan cities of Mumbai and New Delhi, which are managed by Mahanagar Telephone Nigam (MTNL). When it comes to connecting the four corners of the nation, and much beyond, one solitary name lies embedded at the pinnacle - BSNL. A company that has gone past the number games and the quest to attain the position of a leader . It is working round the clock to take India into the future by providing world class telecom services for people of India. BSNL is India's no. 1 Telecom Service provider and most trusted Telecom brand of the Nation. 3. Services provided by BSNL Universal Telecom Services Cellular Mobile Telephone Services WLL-CDMA Telephone Services Internet Intelligent Network (IN) 3G services IPTV FTTH Helpdesk WiMax 4. What is telecommunication? telecommunication is the exchange of information, messages, pictures etc from one point to another distant point as per desire of the user and under the control of some system. Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. Telecommunication medium Anything that carries an electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving device. 5. What is GSM ? Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed for voice services and data delivery using digital modulation GSM Services Tele-services Data Services Supplementary services 6. Tele Services Telecommunication services that enable voice communication via mobile phones Offered services - Mobile telephony - Emergency calling 7. Data Services Include various data services for information transfer between GSM and other networks like PSTN, etc at rates from 300 to 9600 bps Short Message Service (SMS) up to 160 character alphanumeric data transmission to/from the mobile terminal Unified Messaging Services(UMS) fax Voice mailbox Electronic mail 8. Supplementary Services Call related services : Call Waiting- Notification of an incoming call while on the handset Call Hold- Put a caller on hold to take another call Call Barring- All calls, outgoing calls, or incoming calls Call Forwarding- Calls can be sent to various numbers defined by the user Multi Party Call Conferencing - Link multiple calls together CLIP Caller line identification presentation CLIR Caller line identification restriction CUG Closed user group 9. GSM System Architecture BSC BSC MSC MS MS MS BTS BTS BTS EIR AUC HLR VLR 10. Advantages of GSM over Analog system Capacity increases Reduced RF transmission power and longer battery life. International roaming capability. Better security against fraud (through terminal validation and user authentication). Encryption capability for information security and privacy. Compatibility with ISDN,leading to wider range of services 11. GSM Applications Mobile telephony GSM-R Telemetry System - Fleet management - Automatic meter reading - Toll Collection - Remote control and fault reporting of DG sets Value Added Services 12. Future Of GSM 2nd Generation GSM -9.6 Kbps (data rate) 2.5 Generation ( Future of GSM) HSCSD (High Speed ckt Switched data) Data rate : 76.8 Kbps (9.6 x 8 kbps) GPRS (General Packet Radio service) Data rate: 14.4 - 115.2 Kbps EDGE (Enhanced data rate for GSM Evolution) Data rate: 547.2 Kbps (max) 3 Generation WCDMA(Wide band CDMA) Data rate : 0.348 2.0 Mbps 13. CDMA Multiple Access in CDMA: Each user is assigned a unique PN code. Each user transmits its information by spreading with unique code. Direct Sequence spread spectrum is used. Users are separated by code not by time slot and freq slot. 14. CDMA Concept of CDMA Users share same bandwidth User axis shows cumulative signal strength of all users Code 1 Code2 Code 3 Code 4 Freq User 15. CDMA Spread Spectrum and Multiple Access: Spread Spectrum In Spread spectrum data is transmitted with BW in excess to minimum BW necessary to send it. Spread spectrum is achieved by spreading with PN code at transmitter . Same code is used to dispread the received signal at receiver How do we get increased spectrum X Narrow band input signal Wide band code seq Wide band Spreaded seq 16. CDMA Advantages of spread spectrum: Multipath Rejection Immunity to interference and jamming Multiple access Code 1 Code2 Code 3 Code 4 Freq User 17. OPTICAL FIBER The main object of optical fiber is to guide light waves with minimum of attenuation(loss of signal). It is composed of fine threads of glass in layer called core and cladding. 18. PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL FIBER Its works on total internal reflection with in a fiber core. The core has higher refractive index then then cladding. The beam that strikes the surface at more then the critical angel to be reflected. 19. TOTEL INTERNAL REFLECTION 20. Introduction (Cont) Core thin glass center of the fiber where light travels. Cladding outer optical material surrounding the core Buffer Coating plastic coating that protects the fiber. 21. How Does Optical Fibre Transmit Light?? Total Internal Reflection. Fibre Optics Relay Systems has -Transmitter -Optical Fibre -Optical Regenerator -Optical Receiver 22. Type of Fibers Optical fibers come in two types: Single-mode fibers used to transmit one signal per fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from laser. Multi-mode fibers used to transmit many signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from LED. 23. Advantages of Optical Fibre Thinner Less Expensive Higher Carrying Capacity Less Signal Degradation& Digital Signals Light Signals Non-Flammable Light Weight 24. Areas of Application Telecommunications Local Area Networks Cable TV CCTV Optical Fiber Sensors 25. BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY It indicates a means of connectivity at a high or broad bandwidth. There are various ways to define the broadband:- Provides signal switched facility offering integrated access to voice,data,vadeo and interactive delivery service. 26. BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY TYPES It can be divided in to following categories: Wire line technology Wireless technology 27. WIRELINE TECHNOLOGY Digital subscriber line(DSL) on copper loop Optical fiber technology Cable TV networking PLC(power line communication) 28. WIRELESS TECHNILOGY Satellite Media Terrestrial Wireless 3G Mobile Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity) WiMax 29. GPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Service for end-to-end packet switching Reuse of existing infrastructure Works with existing Circuit-Switched serve. 30. GPRS user Benefits -Higher speeds Global access Fast access time Cost efficient Convenient 31. Questions ?