STRUKTUR BAKTERI (2010)

8/18/2019 STRUKTUR BAKTERI (2010)

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Mochammad Hatta (2010)Mochammad Hatta (2010)

STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION, AND

VIRULENCE OF BACTERIA

Prof. Dr. MOCHAMMAD HATTA, Ph.D., SpMK (K)

DEPT. MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY,

FAC. MEDICINE, HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY,

MAKASSAR


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Sr!"!r# B$"#r%$

FLAGELLA

FIMBRIAE

CAPSULE

CELL WALL

PLASMA

MEMBRANECYTOPLASMA

NUCLEAR BODY

CONTAINING DNA


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Schematic Representation of Bacterial Cell WallsSchematic Representation of Bacterial Cell Walls



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NUCLEAR BODIES

• STAINING AND UNSTAINING & SAME BY USUAL METHODS

• REACT POSITIVE TO 'FEULGEN TEST FOR DNA

• GENETIC FUNCTIONS -- GENE EPRESSIONS

CYTOPLASMA

• NUMEROUS SMALL GRANULES CALLED 'RIBOSOMES*

• DIAMETER OF RIBOSOMES IS + & - !M

• SOME BACTERIA CONTAINING INCLUSION GRANULES

• CELL METABOLISM FUNCTIONS &&&& NUTRIENT RESERVE &&&&

UNDER CONDITIONS OF ENERGY&SOURCE STARVATION

• VOLUTIN GRANULES (SYN. METACHROMATIC OR BABES

ERNEST GRANULES) && CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTERIAE

• SPECIAL METHODS FOR STAINING && 'NEISSER STAINING


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CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

• CONSIST MAINLY LIPO&PROTEIN &&& & + !M THICK

• EAMINED BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPE &ULTRATHIN

SECTION

• CONTAIN RESPIRATORY EN/YMES 0 PIGMENTS

(CYTOCHROME SYSTEM)

• EN/YME OF TRICARBOCYLIC CYCLE 0 POLYMERASE EN/YME

CELL 1ALL• + & 2 !M THICK &&& + !3 DIAMETER &&& 4 +. MOLECULAR

1EIGHT• LYSIS BACTERIA &&& LETHAL DISINTEGRATION 0 DISSOLUTION

• PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN BACTERIAL DIVISION

• BASAL COMPONENTS 5 MUCOPEPTIDE, TEICHOIC ACID, LPS

(ENDOTOIN)


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CAPSULES

• SOLID MATERIAL 6 POLYSACCHARIDE, POLYPEPTIDE, PROTEIN• DEMONTRATION BY 'NEGATIVE STAINING &&& INDIA INK

• ENTEROBACTERIACEAE 6 CAPSULAR ANTIGEN (K ANTIGEN)

• FUNCTION 6 PROTECTIVE AGAINST BACTERIOPHAGES, COLICINES,

LYSO/YME, LYTIC EN/YMES

FLAGELLA • ACT AS ORGAN LOCOMOTION (MOTILITY)

• .2 !M THICK &&& +& 2 FLAGELLA7 BACTERIA && PERITRICHOUS,

LATERAL, POLAR

• FLAGELLINE ANTIGEN (SALMONELLA TYPHI) && V% ANTIGEN

FIMBRIAE• CERTAIN GRAM NEGATIIVE BACILLI &&& ENTEROBCTERIACEAE

• FUNCTION AS ORGANS OF ADHESION


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LOG OF COUNT

TIME

TOTAL BACTERIA

VIABLE BACTERIA

GRO1TH OF BACTERIA

LAG PHASE

LOG PHASE

STATIONER PHASE

DECLINE PHASE


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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

• CLASS SCHI/OMYCETES 6

+. ORDER PSEUDOMONADALES 6 FAMILY PSEUDOMONADACEAE

&&& GENERA PSEUDOMONAS && SPECIES P.AERUGINOSA

2. ORDER EUBACTERIALES 6 FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE

&&& GENERA SALMONELLA && SPECIES S. TYPHOSA

-. ORDER ACTINOMYCETALES 6 FAMILY MYCOBACTERIACEAE

&&& GENERA MYCOBACTERIUM && SPECIES M. TUBERCULOSIS

8. ORDER SPIROCHAETALES 6 FAMILY SPIROCHAETES &&& GENERA LEPTOSPIRA &&& SPECIES L. ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE


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. ORDER MYCOPLASMATALES 6 FAMILY MYCOPLASMATALES

&&& GENERA MYCOPLASMA &&& SPECIES M. MYCOIDES

• CLASS MICROTATOBIOTES

+. ORDER RICKETTSIALES 6 FAMILY RICKETTSIALES

&&& GENERA RICKETTSIA && SPECIES R. PROWAZEKII

2. ORDER VIRALES


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BACTERIAL NUTRITIONBACTERIAL NUTRITION

THE CARBON SOURCE FOR GROWTHTHE CARBON SOURCE FOR GROWTH

CHE!OS"NTHETIC AUTOTRO#S OR #HOTOS"NTHETIC CHE!OS"NTHETIC AUTOTRO#S OR #HOTOS"NTHETIC

AUTOTRO#SAUTOTRO#S

THE NITROGEN SOURCE OF GROWTHTHE NITROGEN SOURCE OF GROWTH

A!INO ACI$S AN$ NUCLEOTI$ES A!INO ACI$S AN$ NUCLEOTI$ES

THE RE%UIRE!ENTS FOR GROWTH FACTORSTHE RE%UIRE!ENTS FOR GROWTH FACTORS

---- THIA!INE& RIBOFLA'IN& NICOTINIC ACI$& #"RI$O(INE&THIA!INE& RIBOFLA'IN& NICOTINIC ACI$& #"RI$O(INE& FOLIC ACI$& BIOTIN& ETCFOLIC ACI$& BIOTIN& ETC

INORGANIC SALTS FOR GROWTHINORGANIC SALTS FOR GROWTH

#OTASSIU!& !AGNESIU!& SO$IU!& IRON AN$ CALCIU! #OTASSIU!& !AGNESIU!& SO$IU!& IRON AN$ CALCIU!


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NUTRITIONAL E'OLUTIONNUTRITIONAL E'OLUTION

• ESCHERICHIA COLI CAN GRO1 ON A 9 SIMPLE SYNTHETIC

MEDIUM* 1HICH CONTAINS ONLY GLUCOSE ( CARBON AND

ENERGY SOURCE ), AMMONIUM SULPHATE ( NITROGEN AND

SULPHUR SOURCE ) PHOSPHATE BUFFER, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE,

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE AND TRACES OF OTHER INORGANIC

SALTS.

THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS RE:UIRED FOR GRO1TH

• THE INFLUENCE OF OYGEN AND REDO POTENTIAL

THE MA;ORITY OF BACTERIA ARE DESCRIBED AS

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBS.


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• THE INFLUENCE OF CARBON $IO(I$ETHE INFLUENCE OF CARBON $IO(I$E

SOME BACTERIA, HO1EVER, RE:UIRED A MUCH HIGGER

CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DIOIDE ( & + < ).

• THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE

+. ON GRO1TH &&& THESE, AND MANY SAPROPHYTES OF SOIL

AND 1ATER , 1HICH GRO1 BEST AT BET1EEN 2 o AND 8 o

CELCIUS.

2. ON VIABILITY &&& THE THERMAL DEATH POINT OF A

PARTICULAR ORGANISM MAY BE DEFINED AS THE

LO1EST TEMPERATURE THAT KILL IT UNDER

STANDARD CONDITIONS, 1ITHIN A GIVEN TIME,

#.=. TEN MINUTES.

( #.=. ABOUT + o C . FOR CL. TETANI AND ++ o C. FOR CL.

BOTULINUM )


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THE INFLUENCE OF !OISTURE AN$ OF $ESICCATIONTHE INFLUENCE OF !OISTURE AN$ OF $ESICCATION

FOURFIFTHS B" WEIGHT OF THE BACTERIAL CELL CONSISTSFOURFIFTHS B" WEIGHT OF THE BACTERIAL CELL CONSISTS OF WATER AN$ AS& IN THE CASE OF OTHER ORGANIS!&OF WATER AN$ AS& IN THE CASE OF OTHER ORGANIS!&

!OSITURE IS ABSOLUTEL" NECESSAR" FOR GROWTH !OSITURE IS ABSOLUTEL" NECESSAR" FOR GROWTH

THE INFLUENCE OF HI$ROGEN ION CONCENTRATIONTHE INFLUENCE OF HI$ROGEN ION CONCENTRATION

THE !A)ORIT" OF CO!!ENSAL AN$ #ATHOGENIC BACTERIATHE !A)ORIT" OF CO!!ENSAL AN$ #ATHOGENIC BACTERIA

GROW BEST AT A NEUTRAL OR 'ER" SLIGHTL" AL*ALINEGROW BEST AT A NEUTRAL OR 'ER" SLIGHTL" AL*ALINE

REACTION + #H ,-. TO ,-/ 0 REACTION + #H ,-. TO ,-/ 0

THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT AN$ OTHER RA$IATIONSTHE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT AN$ OTHER RA$IATIONS

ULTRA 'IOLET RA"S RA#I$L" BACTERICI$AL& e-1- $IRECTULTRA 'IOLET RA"S RA#I$L" BACTERICI$AL& e-1- $IRECT

SUNLIGHT OR RA$IATION FRO! A !ERCUR" 'A#OUR LA!# SUNLIGHT OR RA$IATION FRO! A !ERCUR" 'A#OUR LA!#

THE INFLUENCE OF OS!OTIC #RESSURETHE INFLUENCE OF OS!OTIC #RESSURE

FOR !OST S#ECIES THE U##ER LI!IT OF SO$IU! CHLORI$EFOR !OST S#ECIES THE U##ER LI!IT OF SO$IU! CHLORI$E

CONCENTRATION #ER!ITTING GROWTH LIES BETWEEN 2 32 4&CONCENTRATION #ER!ITTING GROWTH LIES BETWEEN 2 32 4&

HALO#HILIC +OS!O#HILIC HALO#HILIC +OS!O#HILIC00


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METABOLIC FUNCTIONS OF THE VITAMIN B GROUP

B VITAMIN ORGANISM RE:UIRING

• THIAMINE STAPH. AUREUS

• NICOTINIC ACID L. ARABINOSUS

• RIBOFLAVIN L. CASEI

• PYRIDOAL CL. WELCHII

• PANTHOTHENIC ACID BRUCELLA ABORTUS

• P AMINOBEN/OIC ACID CL. ACETOBULYTICUM

• FOLIC ACID CL. TETANI

• BIOTIN CL. TETANI

• VITAMIN B +2 L. LACTIS


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3- Fermentasi asam homola5tat +6e6erapa streptococc7s 8an

lacto6acill7s

NA$H NA$

asam pir79at asam la5tat

.- Fermentasi 6eral5ohol +5hamir0

NA$H NA$

Asam pir79at asetil8ehi8e etil al5ohol

CO.

:- Fermentasi asam camp7ran +E.coli 8an 6e6erapa 6a5teri sal7ran

pencernaan ;an1 lain

NA$H NA$

Asam pir79at Asam la5tat

CO.

Asetil o5salat AsetilCoA < Asam format

NA$H NA$H

NA$ NA$

Asam s75sinat Etil al5ohol Asam asetat H. < CO.


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2- Fermentasi asam propionat +Propionibacterium 8an

$eillonella

:Asam pir79at Asam asetat im0 . Asam s75sinat

.#ropionilCoA CoA

.Asam propionat .S75sinilCoA

. !etil malonilCoA

/ A 6 i 6 l f i


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/- Asam 67tirat& 67tanol& fermentasi aseton

+%lostridium) 4CO2

=Asam pir79at =AsetilCoA Asam asetat

NADH

CO2 NAD

Aseton .AsetoasetilCoA Etil al5ohol

NADH

NAD

Isopropil al5ohol .*rotonilCoA

NADH

NAD

.B7tirilCoA

NADH

NAD


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Klasifikasi bedasaka! e!e"i da! s#mbe kabo!Klasifikasi bedasaka! e!e"i da! s#mbe kabo!

*ELO!#O**ELO!#O* SU!BER ENERGISU!BER ENERGISU!BERSU!BER*ARBON*ARBON

Kemoheteotof Kemoheteotof Oksidasi se!$a%aOksidasi se!$a%a

o"a!iko"a!ikO"a!ikO"a!ik

Kemoa#totof Kemoa#totof

Oksidasi se!$a%aOksidasi se!$a%aa!o"a!ik &a!o"a!ik &

se'eti Amo!iakse'eti Amo!iak

s#lfida da! se$a%as#lfida da! se$a%a

besibesi

COCO22

otoheteotof otoheteotof Caha$aCaha$a O"a!ikO"a!ik

otoa#totof otoa#totof Caha$aCaha$a COCO22

T t l 5t 8 f f il i 5 i8 tif


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Transport ele5tron 8an fosforilasi o5si8atif

6er8asar5an mo8el 5emiosmosis !itchell-

Memba! baktei NADH * H*

NADH dehido"e!ase

H

H * H*

Co+ e

H * Co+-H Co+-H H*

H * Co+-H2 H*

e,

sit c O2 * H*

e

sit a a

H2O

AD. A/.ase

2H* *

)la 0o'o tei!

) e ,

Sal7ran protein

S i t - 6


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Fotosintesis t7m67han hi?a7

NAD.

eedoksi! NAD.H

,itokom b

AD.

A/.

,itokom f e- ,itokom e- +#i!om

AD. H2O 2e-

* H* *12O2

A/.

Caha$a Kloofil Caha$a Kloofil

Fotosistem I Fotosistem II

e-

e


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#em6ent75an AT# 8an NA$H ole &itrosomonas ;an1

a7totrof

2NH4* * O2 2NO2 - * 2H2O * 4H* * 4e-

A/. AD. A/. AD.

2e * C$t a1 Cit C Cit b lao'otei!

A/.

C$t a

NAD. * H* AD.

AD.

A/.

H2O NAD.H

Me!"hasilka! Memel#ka! e!e"i

e!e"i

)al7r Em68en !e;erhof 7nt75 8isimilasi 1l75osa


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)al7r Em68en!e;erhof 7nt75 8isimilasi 1l75osa

l#kosa (e!am kabo!)

A/.

AD.

l#kosa 3-fosfat

#ktosa 3-fosfat

A/.

AD.

#ktosa 13-difosfat

Dihidoksiaseto! liseildehide -fosfat (ti"a kabo!)

fosfat 2NAD 'e!eima H tekahi 2NADH

(2) 1-Asam difosfo"lisei!

2 AD.

2 A/.

(2) -Asam fosfo"lisei!

(2) 2-Asam fosfo"lisei!

H2O

(2) Asam fosfoe!ol'i#at

2 AD.

2 A/.

(2) Asam 'i#at


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I5atan #epti8a men15ait5an asam amino men?a8i sat7 7nt75

mem6ent75 protein 6esar

CHCHCOOH * CH2 CH COOH

NH2 OH NH2

Ala!i! sei!

CHCHCOOH * H2O

NH

ikata! 'e'tida

C O

CH NH2

CH2OH

Di'e'tida ala!i! da! sei!


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CH2 OOC4H

CH OOC4

H

* H2

O

CH2 OOC4H

CH2OH

CHOH * CH(CH2) 2COOH

CH2OH asam 67tirat

Gliserol ;an1 8i6e6es5an 5em78ian 8apat 8imeta6olisme

melal7i ?al7r Em68en !e;erhof& 8an asam lema5n;a 8apat

8i7raia5an memla7i asetat pa8a 8a7r asam citrat-

lipase

tri67trin


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aur asam sitrat aur asam sitrat

CH CoA CHMetabolisme kabohisat C O C O * CO2

CH , CoA Asam 'i#at Asetil CoA

COOH COOH

COOH CH2 CH2

C O HO C COOH C COOH

CH2 CH2 CH

COOH COOH COOH

Asam oksaloasetat Asam sitat Asam cis-ako!itat

NADH * H2O

NAD COOH COOH

HCOH CH2

CH2 HC COOH

COOH HOCH

COOH

Asam malat Asam isositat


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Asam !alat Asam isositrat

NADCO2

NADH AD. A/.

COOHCOOH COOH COOH

ADH2 AD /. D. CoA CH2CH CH2 CH2

CH2CH CH2 CH2 CO2

CoA NADH NAD C 0COOH COOH CO ,CoA COOH

Asam f#maat Asam s#ksi!at ,#ksi!il-CoA Asam ∝-keto- "l#tamat


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MICROBIAL VIRULENCE

• LOSS OF VIRULENCE 6 1HEN KEPT IN ARTIFICIAL MEDIUM

&&& MEASUREMENT OF VIRULENCE CONSISTS OF TESTING FOR

ABILITY TO INFECT, 1ITH OBSERVABLE CONSE:UENCES,

'NORMAL ANIMALS SUCH AS A STANDARD STRAIN MICE

• THE ED 6 THE POINT ON DOSE SCALE AT 1HICH THIS LINE

INTERSECT THE PERCENT POINT IN THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT

IN HALF THE ANIMALS INOCULATED 1ITH BACTERIA.

• TEST VIRULENCE 6 TO KNO1 TOIN EFFECT FROM INFECTION

OF CORYBACTERIUM DIPTHERIAE


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TesTes 9ir7lensi9ir7lensi 5!t#k me!"etah#i stai! to6i"e!ik5!t#k me!"etah#i stai! to6i"e!ik ((me!"hasilka!me!"hasilka!

toksi!) da! !o!-to6i"e!ik (tidak me!"hasilka!toksi!) da! !o!-to6i"e!ik (tidak me!"hasilka!toksi!)7toksi!)7

/es/es ELE*ELE* +in9itro0 +in9itro0

- Ketas sai!" die!dam a!titoksi! dalam- Ketas sai!" die!dam a!titoksi! dalam

a"a --- Diatas dita!am basil diftei 8a"a --- Diatas dita!am basil diftei 8

i!k#basi 24 9am7i!k#basi 24 9am7

- Hasil & (*) hasilka! toksi! & tam'ak "ais- Hasil & (*) hasilka! toksi! & tam'ak "ais

'esi'itasi7'esi'itasi7

(-) tidak hasilka! toksi! & tidak ada(-) tidak hasilka! toksi! & tidak ada

"ais 'esi'itasi "ais 'esi'itasi77


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•TesTes in9i9oin9i9o

250 ug $>%o?@%>

(@.".)

2 $3

M$r3o

B$@% %f#r% p$@%#> (@.".)

8 h$r%

8 h$r%

T#$p h%!p

M$%

K#@%3p!$> 6

B$@% %f#r% p#>#r%$ 3#>=$>!>= o?@%>


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• Tiss7eTiss7e c7lt7rec7lt7re ++Bia5anBia5an ?arin1an ?arin1an00

;$r%>=$> $$3 3#%!3

RPMI +8 HBSS PBS

( Co3p## 3#%!3)

B%$?$>

+ $3L%h$ %$$h 3%?ro@?op

$r%>=$> 3$% 6

$@% 3#>=h$@%?$>

o?@%>

$r%>=$> h%!p 6

B$@% %$? 3#>=h$@%

?$> o?@%>M$@!??$> $@% %f#r%

p$@%#>


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Gram positi9e +6l7e0 an8 Gram ne1ati9e +re80 cocciGram positi9e +6l7e0 an8 Gram ne1ati9e +re80 cocci


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taphylococcustaphylococcusepidermidisepidermidis

+no9o6iocin+no9o6iocin

s7scepti6le&s7scepti6le&

7pper07pper0

taphylococcustaphylococcus

saprophyticussaprophyticus

+no9o6iocin+no9o6iocin

resistant& lo@er0resistant& lo@er0


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taphylococcustaphylococcus

aureusaureus c7lt7re onc7lt7re on

6loo8 a1ar 6loo8 a1ar


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treptococcustreptococcus

pyogenes pyogenes +1ro7p A0+1ro7p A0

sho@ssho@s hemol;sishemol;sis

on 6loo8 a1ar +7pperon 6loo8 a1ar +7pper

left0left0

treptococcustreptococcus

pneumoniae pneumoniae sho@ssho@s

hemol;sis +ri1ht0hemol;sis +ri1ht0

Enterococc7s notEnterococc7s not

pro87ce hemol;sinpro87ce hemol;sin+lo@er left+lo@er left))


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Enteric 6acteriaEnteric 6acteria

on !acCon5e;on !acCon5e;a1ar a1ar

Lactosepositi9eLactosepositi9e

6acteria sho@6acteria sho@

pin5 coloniespin5 colonies

+7pper left0+7pper left0

Lactosene1ati9eLactosene1ati9e

6acteria ha9e6acteria ha9e

colorlesscolorless

colonies +lo@ercolonies +lo@erri1ht0ri1ht0


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Biochemical reactions for identification of a fresh entericBiochemical reactions for identification of a fresh enteric

bacterial isolate by the *P+ !E procedurebacterial isolate by the *P+ !E procedure


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BlackBlack

colonies ofcolonies of

almonellaalmonella

after gro#thafter gro#th

on bismuthon bismuth

sulfite agar sulfite agar


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%lostridium%lostridium perfringens perfringens

Sho@s 8o76leSho@s 8o76le

>ones of>ones of

hemol;sishemol;siss7rro7n8in1s7rro7n8in1

colonies aftercolonies after

inc76ationinc76ation

anaero6icall; onanaero6icall; on

6loo8 a1ar 6loo8 a1ar


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espiratory syncytial infection of cells in nasopharyngeal aspirate isespiratory syncytial infection of cells in nasopharyngeal aspirate is

reealed by immunoflourescencereealed by immunoflourescence


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Po#assan irus antigen surrounding infected cells of mouse brain isPo#assan irus antigen surrounding infected cells of mouse brain is

reealed by immunoperoidase staining reealed by immunoperoidase staining


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Conta1io7s #7st7larConta1io7s #7st7lar

$ermatitis +ORF0$ermatitis +ORF0

a- ORF lesion ona- ORF lesion on

forefin1er forefin1er

6- Electron micro1raph6- Electron micro1raph

of ORF 9irion of ORF 9irion


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/icrosporum canis/icrosporum canis macroconi8ia +spore0macroconi8ia +spore0


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$ermatoph;te h;phae in *OH preparation of s5in$ermatoph;te h;phae in *OH preparation of s5in

scrapin1scrapin1


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/icrosporium gypseum/icrosporium gypseum macoco!idia (s'oe)macoco!idia (s'oe)


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0istoplasma0istoplasma

capsulatumcapsulatummacroconi8iamacroconi8ia


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'richopyton rubrum'richopyton rubrum colon; on Sa6o7ra78Ds a1ar colon; on Sa6o7ra78Ds a1ar


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%occidioides immitis%occidioides immitis77 Arthrospores after c7lt7reArthrospores after c7lt7re


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Cocci8ioi8om;cosis- L7n1 section sho@s sporan1iosporeCocci8ioi8om;cosis- L7n1 section sho@s sporan1iospore


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*spergillus fumigatus *spergillus fumigatus colon; on Sa6o7ra78Ds a1ar colon; on Sa6o7ra78Ds a1ar


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%ryptococcus neoformans%ryptococcus neoformans- B788in1 ;east s7rro7n8e8 6; the lar1e- B788in1 ;east s7rro7n8e8 6; the lar1e

m7coi8 caps7le is 8emonstrate8 6; ne1ati9e stainin1 @ith ni1rosinm7coi8 caps7le is 8emonstrate8 6; ne1ati9e stainin1 @ith ni1rosin


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*spergillus fumigatus *spergillus fumigatus coni8iosphoresconi8iosphores


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iehl Neelsen stainin1 from sp7ta afteriehl Neelsen stainin1 from sp7ta after

8econtamination8econtamination

STRUKTUR BAKTERI (2010)

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