Stimulants BY: AMA KWARTENG
Feb 24, 2016
StimulantsBY: AMA KWARTENG
StimulantsDrugs that alter the levels of neurotransmitters (chemicals which tell the nervous system to
stimulate the speed at which information is transmitted between neurons)
Physiological Effects
-increases heart rate
-increases blood pressure
-increases wakefulness/restlessness
-decreases appetite
-increases concentration
Short Term Effects
-emotional instability
-hallucinations
Amphetamines & AdrenalineAmphetamines are a class of drugs with similar effects to that of adrenaline
Both increase mental awareness and physical energy (“fight or flight”)
Sympathomimetic Drugs
-mimic the effects of the hormone adrenaline & mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
-constrict the arteries
-increase sweat production & speed up heart rate
-nicotine, meth, ecstasy, amphetamine
Sympathomimetic drugs and adrenaline both a contain phenylethylamine structure (an arene or benzene ring linked to 2 carbon atoms attached to an amine group)
Tobacco & NicotineStimulant responsible for addiction to tobacco is nicotine
Short Term Effects of Smoking Tobacco
-increases heart rate & blood pressure
-constricts blood vessels
-reduces urine output
- puts more stress on the heart since it’s forced to pump blood harder than normal
Long Term Effects of Smoking Tobacco
-increases risk of heart disease & cancer
-increases the risk for formation of blood clots
- may produce excess acidity in the stomach, increasing the risk of peptic ulcers
Short term physical effects of nicotine consumption
-yellow stained fingers & teeth
-bad breath
Long Term Effects of nicotine consumption
-development of tolerance/risk of dependence
Caffeine vs. NicotineAmine groups in caffeine are tertiary
Effects of consuming caffeine in large amounts
-can cause sleepiness
-stimulates the kidneys (increases the flow of urine)
Aqueous solution of nicotine is a weak base because of the two nitrogens it has, which often display basic tendencies
Similarities Both contain a tertiary amine group.
Both contain and five member rings made of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
Both contain a six member ring made of carbon and nitrogen
DifferencesCaffeine contains two amide groups, nicotine does not.
Both contain an alkene (C=C) group. Caffeine has one and nicotine has two
In caffeine the six and five member rings are fused while in nicotine they separated.
Caffeine contains two carbonyl (C=O)groups and two amide (-N-C=O) groups
HOPE YOU ENJOYED THE SHOW!!
THE END