Status of North American CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS ... · 2 Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects ... IGCC / 90% (also producing urea / ammonia) $3.9B / $408M (CCPI) Kemper County

Adam Berger Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

UKCCSRC Autumn Biannual Meeting 2014

September 11th 2014

Status of North American CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects

2 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Overview of Major Projects

• While several North American CCS demonstrations have been cancelled, significant projects are ongoing in all areas

• Most funding came from government grants during the economic stimulus

• Largest CCS projects involving coal flue gas worldwide have occurred in the region; CCS on gas not pursued for now

• All large-scale CCS demonstrations in North America involve enhanced oil recovery (EOR) save FutureGen 2.0; less public concerns about storage than in the EU

• More CCS projects are needed to improve technologies; from where will new funding come?

What is the current status of and future for CCS projects?


North American CCS Pilots

Project / Location

Owner Size, Net MW

Capture Process / % Capture

Vendor Comment

Mountaineer / West Virginia

AEP 20 Post-combustion capture (PCC) / 75%

Alstom Facility shut down; first to do full CCS on

coal Plant Barry / Alabama

Alabama Power, Southern

25 PCC / 90% MHI Still in operation; first to have significant

transportation Shand / Canada

Saskatchewan Power

7 PCC / 90% Multiple (including Hitachi)

Not operational yet (late 2014); may have storage; will be a test

facility

Significant pilot-scale work has been and is being performed


Alstom’s Chilled Ammonia Process at AEP’s Mountaineer Property of Alstom Power and/or AEP

Mountaineer

• Alstom’s chilled ammonia CO2 post-combustion capture

– ~20-MW demonstration at AEP’s Mountaineer Plant in WV

– Designed for ~100,000 tonnes-CO2/year; 75% CO2 capture

– Injection occurred in saline reservoir using two on-site wells – Capture started in September 2009 and storage in October 2009;

51,000 tonnes captured and 37,500 tonnes stored – Capture project completed in May 2011, storage monitoring continues

• Experience – Met design goals (75% capture) – Resolved design issues caused by accelerated schedule – Process improvements identified – Storage permitting is challenging and new to regulators – Calculated cost of electricity for commercial-scale plant ~$113–123/MWh


Plant Barry

MHI’s KM-CDR Process at Plant Barry Property of MHI and/or Southern

• MHI KM-CDR advanced amine CO2 post-combustion capture

– ~25-MW demonstration at Alabama Power’s Plant Barry in AL

– 500 tonnes-CO2/day – Capture started on 3 June 2011;

~200,000 tonnes captured – Injection started on 20 August 2012; ~100,000 tonnes stored in oilfield 20 km away – Plan: Capture CO2 through 2014, then 3 years of post-injection monitoring

• Experience – Capture plant demonstrated stable performance at full load conditions with lower

steam consumption than MHI conventional capture process – New amine emission reduction technologies achieved significant reduction (90%) – Stored CO2 with minimal issues – Significant characterization and monitoring efforts have taken place – Regulatory hurdles for storage were substantial


North American CCS Demonstrations

Project / Location Owner Size, Net MW

Capture Process / % Capture

Cost / Funding (Source)

Status

Boundary Dam / Canada

Saskatchewan Power

110 PCC (Cansolv) / 90%

$1.4B / $245M (Saskatchewan

govt) FutureGen 2.0 / Illinois

FutureGen Alliance

99 Oxy-combustion / 98%

$1.65B / $1B (ARRA)

Hydrogen Energy California (HECA) / California

SCS Energy 288 IGCC / 90% (also producing urea /

ammonia)

$3.9B / $408M (CCPI)

Kemper County / Mississippi

Mississippi Power / Southern

524 / 582 IGCC / ~65% ? / $270M (CCPI)

Texas Clean Energy Project (TCEP) / Texas

Summit Power 200 IGCC / 90% (also producing urea /

ammonia)

$2.9B / $450M (CCPI)

WA Parish / Texas NRG Energy, Petra Nova

250 PCC / 90% $845M for PCC / $167M (CCPI)

Boundary Dam and Kemper County are moving forward; others are possible


Boundary Dam

Boundary Dam Used with permission from SaskPower

• World’s first commercial PCC CCS demonstration; expected on-line in late 2014

• Retrofit Boundary Dam Unit 3 – Increase steam to 124 bar, 565oC – Capture ~1 Mtonnes/year CO2

• Net power of 110 MW after capture • Cansolv process captures SO2 & CO2 • Anticipated energy penalty 21% • Delays due to issues on power plant retrofit (asbestos, welding);

CCS unit is done • CO2 for EOR

– Some saline storage during commissioning

Used with permission from SaskPower

CO2 and SO2Absorbers

CO2 StripperFlue Gas from

Plant

Covered Buildings (weather)


• IGCC with CCS plant nearing completion; expected on-line in late 2014

• 65% CO2 capture for EOR • Two-train plant with air-blown

TRIG gasifiers, Selexol, and Siemens gas turbines / Toshiba steam turbine

• Uses local Mississippi lignite • 524-MW net with peak using duct firing of 582 MW • Design net plant heat rate with CCS 12,353–12,819 kJ/kWh

– 28-29% efficiency

Kemper County Illustration Used with permission from Southern Company

Kemper County


FutureGen 2.0

• 99-MW net oxy-combustion repower on Meredosia Unit 4 – 98% capture – 1.1 Mtonnes/year storage in

Mt. Simon formation 48 km away • FutureGen Alliance (5 members)

leading project. Major vendors: B&W and Air Liquide

• All permits, financing and power purchase agreement are in place • Air-fired net plant efficiency = 31.5% (HHV) air-fired; 21.5–22.5%

(HHV) oxy-combustion with CCS (lower due to use of existing steam turbines)

• Construction: 2014–17; Operation: 2017–37; Monitoring: 2037–87

FutureGen 2.0 Process Flow Diagram Used with permission from the FutureGen Alliance


Feedstock Storage

Urea Storage UAN Storage

Power Block Gasifier

Water Treatment

Sulfur Recovery

Fertilizer Complex

Shift Rectisol

Gasifier 100%

Ammonia 60%

Power 100%

Draw Down Storage

Fertilizer 100% 33%

67%

Gasifier 100%

Ammonia 100% Power 65%

Build Storage

Fertilizer 100% 50%

50%

Maximum Power Production (16 hours/day) Maximum Ammonia Production (8 hours/day)

Used with permission from Hydrogen Energy California

HECA – Hydrogen Energy California

Polygeneration with variable operation and two operating modes; Project is in jeopardy due to financial closure issues


TCEP – Texas Clean Energy Project

Polygeneration with fixed operation and one operating mode; Project is in jeopardy due to uncertainty in off-take agreements

Used with permission from Summit Power


WA Parish

WA Parish CCS Illustration Used with permission from Petra Nova

• Retrofit PCC to 250-MW unit in Richmond, TX – Recently announced

using MHI amine capture system

– 1.5 Mtonnes for EOR • Gas-fired peaker to provide power + steam for capture unit • 130-km pipeline for EOR • Federal permitting took nearly two years

– Environmental impact statement – no major impacts • Project on a path forward for financial close, plant

construction, commercial operations by 2015


Summary for North America

• CCS demonstrations have not advanced as fast as planned, but progress is being made

• Key CCS pilots ongoing or successfully completed • Boundary Dam and Kemper are only CCS demonstrations

definitely going forward; several more possible • No major new government funding for CCS forecasted, but

need more public funding and support to advance CCS • Questions:

– Are lower-cost CCS technologies required for more demos? – With low natural gas prices, will coal be phased out? – Will CCS be required for natural gas-powered units?


Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity

Status of North American CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS ... · 2 Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects ... IGCC / 90% (also producing urea / ammonia) $3.9B / $408M (CCPI) Kemper County

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