SPAIN energy

INTERSOLAR 2010, Innovations and trends

COMPANIES FOR SECTORS

TECHNOLOGICAL CENTERS:Innovation, Cretivity and Excellence

Opportunities of business

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Intersolar MunIch

International Solar and Photovoltaic Technology Exhibition

Once again this year, the capital of Bavaria will host the International Solar and Photovoltaic Technology Exhibition. Intersolar will be held in Munich from 9th to 11th June as one of the major world platforms for the solar industry. More than 1000 exhibitors from 40 countries are expected this year which shows the great importance of solar technology as a future energy source.

Intersolar 2010 is able to attract companies, institutions and experts from all over the world at the “Neue Messe München Messegelände”, its magnificent exhibition centre. Around 40,000 trade visitors will benefit from an extensive programme to include conferences, seminars and workshops in order to receive information on the latest industry trends and gain technical knowledge.

INTERSOLAR also gathers the leading Spanish companies interested in the sector. At Spain Energy, we offer the opinions of the Spanish institutions, an analysis of the most advanced technology institutes in the country and the most outstanding companies in these sectors and industry. We have chosen the major companies of the new ecological economy: The most relevant sectors in innovation, photovoltaic energy and sustainable architecture.

It is useful information for innovative companies as well as for their executives who must make crucial decisions over the next few years. Within the European Union, Spain offers unique quality of life proposals, quality services, proven engineering, solid solutions and a creative vitality.

Welcome to Intersolar 2010

Editors:

MarianoRubio

SUMMARY04 Miguel Sebastián The minister of Industry Comerse and Tourism.Renewable energies and International cooperation

06 Juan Laso President of the A E F.The Photovoltaic Sector in Spain.

07 C. Benvenuti Doctor in Physics.The SRB evacuated flat solar panel

09 Corp SRB Energy, S.L. High performance thermosolar collector for any kind of use

11 Grupo Heliosolar Heliosolar, Growing in Spain, Italy and France

13 Zigor Technological innovation to the move closer to the highest efficiency in photovoltaics by Zigor

15 Energía Gijón Energia Gijón, galvanized supports for renewable energy

17 Grupo Ibereólica

19 TEKNIKER-IK4 Tekniker-IK4, Technological Excellence in Energy

21 Elena Gonzalez General Manager, EnergylabEnergyLab: The Link Between Research and Energy Efficient Applications

23 TECNALIA Creative Energy

24 Tecnalia - DYNACAR Experimental vehicle – Dynacar

25 Cristina Hernández Qualit director, Group Fator

27 FATOR FATOR: fixings for renewable energies

30 Cener Cener - Nationale Renewable energy centreNew testing capabilities for the solar thermal power industry

33 Protermosolar New book “Solar thermal power: a research success story”

34 ASSYCE GROUP

Edita: EMC & ASOCIADOS, Director: Mariano Rubio. Redacción, Administración y Publicidad: Rambla de Guipuzcoa 46, Pta. Bja. 08020 Barcelona, España. Teléfono: (+34) 647 092 840 E-mail: [email protected] - info@st-cluster,es

Renewable energy: a tool for international cooperation

Spain’s energy policy is based on three ingredients for the years to come: reduced energy consumption, increased energy-use efficiency and a higher rate of renewable energies in our energy basket. A recipe for the future designed to decisively lead the way to a sustainable and low carbon economy; a formula to confront the future of global energy.

The energy scenario has changed dramatically in a very short space of time. Perhaps this frenzy has prevented us to grasp the depth of these changes. Spain’s drive towards renewable energies proves that in the course of a very short period of time, we have been able to channel a valid alternative to fossil fuels. In only two or three years, we have gone from declaring that renewable energies were part of the solution to strongly bet on these technologies because they are the solution.

Concern for environmental preservation and the fight against climate change have consolidated and have made a strong impression on world public opinion. Our future depends on whether we are able to find global solutions that combine energy, environment and employment.

Spain leads the world in renewable energies, from an industrial and consumption standpoint and we wish to maintain this position. Our country has made a great effort in combining good business

practices and successful public promotion which in turn has led to spectacular results. It is not by chance that several Spanish companies can be found among sector worldwide champions.In some technologies we have largely exceeded the established objective for 2010, as in the case of photovoltaic solar energy. In addition, high temperature thermal energy has reached a similar success and is expected to more than duplicate 2010 objectives. In turn, wind power is already close to attaining 85% of the objective and is expected to reach 20,000 MW by the end of next year with ease. However, a responsible energy policy should also include maximizing existing resources among its priorities. The best way to achieve this is to boost energy saving and efficient consumption habits. In our view, saving is another source of energy, since proportionally it can be compared to energy production provided by other sources. We are pleased to confirm that Spain’s mentality

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is rapidly shifting towards a more reasonable and efficient energy-use and once again, the role of the public sector has been decisive. Thanks to plans of action undertaken by the Government, citizens are realising the importance of energy saving and are convinced that saving does not imply comfort-loss.

With regards to efficiency, measures undertaken have brought about exceedingly good results. Since 2005, energy intensity figures in Spain have been steadily improving and in the past five years, the rate has dropped by approximately 13%. This result is particularly positive for it coincides with the period when our economy was growing by more than 3%.

Miguel Sebastián Minister of Industry, Tourism and Trade

All countries and all governments are responsible for paving the way towards a more sustainable future. This will not be attained without collaboration and dialogue between us all. We need to find common views as well as valid and long lasting solutions that can be shared between nations.

In the past, energy was a reason for war and an element of confrontation. We should be able to shift our mentality and heritage so that energy becomes a reason for peace by means of a worldwide organisation in which energy is not considered as an isolated production factor, but rather as a vehicle which creates new opportunities and jobs, hand in hand with environmental policies.

The photovoltaicSector in SpainIn only a few years the Spanish solar photovoltaic industry has become a worldwide benchmark. National companies have strengthened a strategic and indigenous sector that is key to diversify the electrical system and promote a sustainable economy. The sector in Spain has accumulated 23,000 million euros in investment. Almost all this investment was made between 2006 and 2008, a three-year period in which nearly a hundred thousand direct and indirect jobs were created, while the sector contributed to over 0.6% of Gross Domestic Product. At the end of 2008, 23.1% of global installed power and 21% of investments were concentrated in Spain. It was the second European market, the third worldwide, in terms of installed capacity at that time, according to the European Photovoltaic Industry Association, EPIA.

The strong growth experienced by the Spanish solar sector in 2008 has made both national and international consolidation possible as well as the immediate and pronounced curve of lowering component prices that has followed ever since. Since September 2008, with Royal Decree 1578 coming into effect, which remains in force today, photovoltaic costs for new investments have almost halved, and could be reduced by a further 12% in the remainder of the year. Over the next few years, these costs could become even less, at double-digit annual rates.

Of the various existing projections, the Ministry of Industry itself estimates that the cost of photovoltaic energy will reach its grid parity (the same cost as for end users) within a maximum of two years and by 2015 this cost will be below the cost of the wholesale price

of electricity (called pool). The Ministry even forecasted that photovoltaic costs would be lower than wind farm costs in Spain from 2017 onwards.

The pioneering investments made and the acquired know-how have enabled companies to undertake a major Spanish photovoltaic international expansion, with significant presence in the United States, Canada, China, Germany, Italy, France, the Czech Republic, Portugal, Bulgaria, Romania, Peru, Chile, Mexico, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt and Sudan, among many other countries.

Having integrated the value chain of the various components and producing the three existing technologies (crystalline silicon, thin film and concentration) will significantly increase efficiency and international market share. The advantage is substantial because the vast majority of experts are convinced that this energy source will be the determining factor throughout the world in the medium term. Just weeks ago, Nabuo Tanaka, director of the World Energy Agency, was convinced that between 20% and 25% of the world’s electricity could have a solar source by 2050.

Internationalisation is a major added value for the remaining potential of photovoltaic energy that is considered suitable as a clean and sustainable energy, which is required to comply with the Kyoto Protocol and any policy committing to sustainability and the environment.

Juan Laso President of the AEF

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The SRB evacuated flat solar panelA Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) linear pump was adopted for the first time in the 80s to maintain the vacuum of a particle accelerator, the Large Electron Positron collider (LEP) at CERN (the European Organization for Elementary Particles Research, close to Geneva). More than 90% of the required pumping speed for LEP was supplied by about 23km of NEG strip subtended all along the vacuum chamber. This innovative solution was proposed by C. Benvenuti and rewarded, with his other contributions to the LEP project, by the 1988 European Achievement Prize of the European Physical Society.

A further progress of the NEG technology was produced a few years later, when the NEG strip was replaced by a NEG thin film coating on the internal surfaces of a vacuum chamber. This solution does not need the space to lodge the pump in the chamber volume and provides a large increase of the pumping surface and speed. NEG coatings were applied to about 6 km of the vacuum chambers of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the present CERN large accelerator. This innovation was protected by a CERN patent, which was later licensed to different Companies. NEG coated chambers are presently installed in many accelerators worldwide. For these contributions to the Getter Technology C. Benvenuti was honored in 2002 by the attribution of the Gaede Langmuir Award, the most prestigious prize of the American Vacuum Society.

From these historical considerations, the SRB thermal panel, which makes use of Vacuum Technology and NEG pumping, may be seen as a by product of the Accelerator Technologies, showing their positive impact on our Society. However, this view is only partially true. In fact, while the required Ultra High Vacuum knowledge was a consequence of the Accelerator needs, C. Benvenuti interest for NEG pumping was initially motivated by the dream of producing a solar panel able to reach very high temperatures without using focusing mirrors, which cannot collect the diffuse component of the solar light. The vacuum, coupled with light absorber selectivity, could drastically reduce the panel thermal losses,

so as to obtain high temperatures even in regions, like Central Europe, where diffuse light is dominant. And to maintain the vacuum inside sealed vessels, Getters are traditionally used.

This dream became reality a few years later, in the late 70s, when the petrol crisis stimulated many Research Institutions to apply their know-how to the Energy field. As a consequence, in the late 70s some small size prototypes were produced at CERN and extensively tested in real environment conditions for many years. These prototypes were able to reach a peak stagnation temperature of 350°C and showed that good vacuum could be maintained for many years inside a sealed panel thanks to a sun powered NEG pump. In spite of these good results the evacuated panel was not publicized, waiting for adequate governmental policies to alleviate the high initial cost of the solar technologies. When these conditions materialized, a few years ago, a patent was submitted by CERN and attracted the interest of private investors. A Company, located on the CERN site, was created in 2005 for the industrial production of this panel, which became commercially available in 2009. The Corp SRB Energy production factory is at Almussafes, close to Valencia (Spain), while the R&D activities are still at CERN.

The SRB panel may be used for all the possible solar applications, namely the production of domestic hot water, industrial heat, refrigeration and electricity. Industrial heat at intermediate temperatures in particular represents an important need and a growing market for Europe, where the large diffuse light component makes this panel performance particularly attractive. The SRB panel could also be used to complement fossil fuel or biomass in cogeneration thermal power plants, particularly in areas of non ideal solar conditions.

Dr. Cristoforo Benvenuti

Doctor in physics and formerdirector of CERN SRB Energy

Chief Technical Officer

Authors: Raquel Ferret, Jesús Mª Eguiluz

Technological innovation to move closer to thehighest efficiency inphotovoltaics by Zigor.

World solar photovoltaic market continues growing fueled by environmental concerns all around the world. Now, more than ever, efficiency, cost and reliability become essential features to definitely boost photovoltaic as a real alternative energy source.

In this leading edge, the challenge of increasing photovoltaic efficiency needs for innovation, not only in cells components (to increase the ratio of electric power produced by a photovoltaic cell at any instant to the power of the sunlight striking the cell), but in the overall photovoltaic farm (to manage the energy flow minimising losses). And, the PV inverter architecture could play here a key role.

One of the difficulties facing efficiency improvements is that solar radiation is highly variable during the day. Just a few hours a day the solar radiation is high enough to make inverters run at their optimum level. That results in a non-optimum utilisation of the incident solar radiation for many hours a day, and thus in biggest losses, much higher as the number of inverters increases.

With the aim of maintaining the inverters rack in an optimum range of voltage and power over the whole radiation hours, ZIGOR has designed and develop an innovative inverter architecture called EFFIT PLUS.

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The modular architecture designed by ZIGOR, allows user to optimize MPPT management of the solar farm as a function of the solar irradiation. EFFIT PLUS let user program both the number of active MPPTs and the number if inverters under use (n x 100 KWp). In such a way, the system is always running at maximum yield conditions independently on ambient conditions.

EFFIT PLUS is based on a programmable matrix installed between the solar farm and the inverters, which is controlled by proprietary software loaded in the Inverter Management System. It matches the DC outputs from PV field with the Inverter DC inputs selecting how many inverters are working at each state of solar irradiation, according to handled power and searching the maximum efficiency working point of the inverters. In addition to this feature, ZIGOR inverters have the widest range of Power Tracking (MPPT) going from 300Vdc to 700Vdc.

These exceptional characteristics allow improving the overall photovoltaic farm efficiency over 3%.

ZIGOR is a leading company in the field of Power Electronics with an extended background in the Research and Development activity. As a highly technological company, ZIGOR has been working in innovative electronic solutions for renewable energy during the last years, especially for photovoltaic energy inverters and systems.

Based in Spain, ZIGOR is offering the PV Market State-of-the-Art solutions to make the On-grid Solar Plants get closer to grid parity and the best ROI by looking for the highest overall efficiency of the Solar Systems.

Heliosolar. Growing in Spain, Italy and France

Heliosolar is a Spanish company dedicated to the design, construction, promotion and maintenance of Helioparks©; photovoltaic plants built in rural areas.

Currently, numerous installations situated in different parts of Spain can provide 14 Mw. Output is higher than initially predicted and the plants are working in a way which guarantees a satisfactory return on investments.

Last year, Heliosolar initiated its entry into the Italian photovoltaic market by means of SOGEF, and Italian company owned by the group. In this way, it is participating in the tremendous growth in the photovoltaic solar energy sector in this country. In fact, Heliosolar is currently developing projects of more than 150 Mw in different parts of Italy, concentrating a large proportion of their installations in the Campania and Puglia regions. Similarly, Heliosolar is planning to enter the French market through direct collaboration with consolidated companies in France.

To facilitate promotion and sale of their installations, Heliosolar has established firm cooperation agreements with leading solar panel manufacturers in Europe and China and with European Investment Funds meaning that they are able to totally guarantee the viability of functioning projects.

Heliosolar is a dynamic company, managing the entire value chain relating to photovoltaic installations: from finding new sites, to technical, administrative and financial management of

connection to the grid, to design engineering and construction and to the final sale of the installation. In order to guarantee turnkey projects, Heliosolar provides a Heliopark Maintenance Department. This department, with specialized staff and technical equipment provides immediate on-line incident support.

Heliosolar’s involvement in this energy sector results in their active participation in efforts to reduce the costs of these installations, in order to make them economically viable with respect to the cost of energy production: the ultimate goal being to compete with the market price within a maximum period of two years. In order to do this, the Group Technical Office has designed a solar tracking pivot which increases the production of each panel by 25%. They have also designed other safety and control mechanisms which also lead to a reduction in investment costs.

Heliosolar’s activities extend to various renewable energy production methods. Regarding solar photovoltaic energy, they include fixed structures, single and dual solar tracking systems, greenhouses and rooftops and with respect to Biogas, they include production plants which convert organic waste into energy.

13The photovoltaic sector is expanding all over the world and Heliosolar will be participating in this growth using its experience, its own teams and the ability to maintain the installations for the length of their useful life.

We are a young company where the average age of our staff is 30 years. This gives us a dynamic spirit, able to adapt to the different circumstances of each project and with a vocation for growth and expansion which up to now, knows no bounds.

Heliosolar has already become a European group of companies and for this reason the need to guarantee exceptional quality is an indispensable requisite for our work. Indeed, our business predictions for 2010 exceed 250 million euros.

David Ochoa. Heliosolar CEO.

The design of a Heliopark right from its initial stages is an added advantage with regards to increased productivity of the installation. Ground photovoltaic installations should be totally adapted to the terrain, should guarantee environmental friendliness and should facilitate technical maintenance and safety. This is why we are constantly looking for technical innovation and development of our tools.

Engineering and R+D

Our Technology Office has developed new construction methods for Helioparks in order to reduce investment costs and compete with the market price for the energy produced.

Susana Lizarraga. Director of Engineering and R+D

Expansion in the wole world

Grupo Ibereólica

Madrid-based Grupo Ibereólica is a technical business group focused on the development of renewable energies since its creation in the mid nineteen-nineties. Its significant growth over these years has been based on large-scale investment efforts derived from its partners’ firm commitment to renewable energies, providing the group with strong assets and placing Grupo Ibereólica as an undisputed benchmark among independent companies within the renewable energies sector. The company seeks and achieves clean energy through natural resources such as wind. Its technical department rates among the best in Spain.

Awarded As Promoter Of The Year 2007By Euromoney & Ernstst&Young Renewable Energy Awardsds.

The work of Ibereólica focuses on the development, design, engineering, construction and exploitation of renewable energy farms.

It has three main areas of activity:

Hydraulic Power: In 1996, the Group developed two hydraulic power centres in Lubián (Zamora) with an installed power capacity of 1.6MW, currently still in operation.

Wind Power: As from 1998, the Group decided to enter the wind power business, making its first wind measurements with its own meteorological towers for the subsequent application for wind power concessions for their development, construction and exploitation. Currently Ibereólica has 200 MW of wind power in operation within Spain and has a portfolio of more than 1,000 MW in an advanced project phase for their future construction, as well as 46 MW in construction across two wind farms.

Solar Thermal Power: Since 2005, Grupo Ibereólica, through the company Ibereólica Solar SL and subsidiary companies, made the firm decision

to commit to solar thermal power. It has projects for more than 20 thermal solar plants of 50MW each, has obtained 10 administrative authorisations as well as advanced allocation for several of them within the first registry of advanced allocation established recently by the Spanish Ministry for Industry. It has started building works on two of them, making Grupo Ibereólica reach a prominent position among the industry’s main companies.

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Grupo Ibereólica

Figures and marketCurrently, the company’s investment plan contemplates an annual investment of close to 600 million Euros, 500 million destined to solar thermal power and 100 million destined to wind power, with a total of 1.8 billion Euros for 2010-2012.

Despite having carried out to date all its activities within Spanish territory, the company is focusing its future growth strategy on wind power, and looking to other European countries, mainly France and Eastern countries.

As to its solar thermal business, the great number of successful projects to date will offer the company continuity and consolidation within this industry in the Spanish market.

Main technological landmarks:

In 1998 the company put into operation its first 1.6 MW of hydraulic power.

In 2003 it signed a Framework Agreement with Gamesa for the purchase of wind generators for a total power of 436 MW.

In 2004 the group went on to have an additional 103 MW of wind power in operation.

In 2009 the figure for installed wind power reached 200 MW.

In 2009 the necessary administrative authorisations were obtained for 10 solar thermal plants in Andalusia and Extremadura.

Tekniker - IK4,Technological Excellence in Energy

The Centre’s offer in this field ranges from wind to solar sectors, with special emphasis on energy storage technologies. Here are some of its principal capacities.

In the wind energy sector, Tekniker-IK4 has over 15 years experience in connection with the design, monitoring and maintenance of high-power wind turbines. Related jobs have included the production of mechatronic simulation models (mechanics and control) and the development of advanced blade control algorithms for wind turbine manufacturers. On the other hand, the Eibar-based technological centre has developed bio-lubricants for the system’s mechanical elements and has acquired a vast experience in applied tribolubrication through projects and services for important wind farm operators. Such projects include field and on-line monitoring and instrumentation of lubricants, in addition to advanced maintenance strategies based on remaining useful life prediction.

With regard to the solar energy sector, developments by Tekniker-IK4 affect diverse technologies and fields of application. In this respect, apart from solar thermal system simulation, Tekniker-IK4 has embarked upon various activities important for the development of new-generation photovoltaic systems. They include developing CIGS absorbing coatings with the Sputtering process, transparent conductive Oxide coatings (front contacts) using the PVD method for amorphous silicon solar cells, and

developing the laser scribing process for amorphous silicon cells and CIGS cells.

Specially noteworthy however and above all are the developments for the concentration solar energy sector carried out over the last five years, namely:

As a reference technological centre, Tekniker-IK4 brings multiple sectors a varied, horizontally applicable technological offer. The energy sector has therefore seen Tekniker-IK4 as a technological supplier capable of undertaking multidisciplinary projects and proposing integral solutions to its specific problems.

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Tekniker - IK4,Technological Excellence in Energy

High-precision tracking systems

New materials and encapsulation systems for thermal storage

Improving assembly systems and geometric characterisation of large concentrators

Wireless heliostat and collector control systems for solar thermal plants

Developing specific production systems for the sector (e.g. coating chambers).

Moreover, Tekniker-IK4 intensely works on different energy storage technologies. Specifically on those related to kinetic and thermal storage. As a matter of fact, Tekniker-IK4 leads the Spanish Singular Strategic Project, developing high-capacity magnetically suspended flywheels for transport and construction applications as well as for use in grid stability or emergency power generation.

Regarding thermal storage over varying temperature ranges, Tekniker-IK4 works on the development of strong and highly thermal conductive encapsulations for Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as well as their chemical bonding to polymer substrates that will avoid encapsulation.

In short, Tekniker-IK4 offers excellent research in different energy sectors, which makes it an ideal partner for companies that carry out their business activity in this area.

Developing surface functionalization (selective, anti-reflective and self-cleaning coatings deposited using PVD or SolGel techniques), for solar applications

Degradation analysis and development of heat transfer fluids for concentration solar plants

Developing advanced components and tracking sensors

External combustion engines for dish-stirling applications

Alejandro BengoaTekniker-IK4 General Manager

EnergyLab: The Link Between Research andEnergy Efficient Applications

EnergyLab, Energy Sustainability and Efficiency Technology Centre is a private, non-profit foundation which aims to identify, develop, promote and disseminate technologies, processes, products and consumer habits that enable improved energy efficiency and sustainability in industry, construction, transport and society in general.

EnergyLab’s commitment to technology is focused on applied research and demonstrating technologies in the field of energy efficiency so as to accelerate the introduction of more efficient solutions on the market.

The objective of EnergyLab is to be a centre of international reference that specializes in driving energy efficiency and sustainability in industry, construction, society and transport with a capacity to guide, coordinate and lead innovative projects with an outstanding impact on society, the economy and the environment.

PROJECTS WE ARE WORKING ON

Hole at a geothermal installation (University of Vigo Central Library)

Monitoring the Magoteaux Mill at the Hanson Aggregates Plant.

Geothermal heat pump at the Baiona Nursery School (Pontevedra)

Nigrán Nursery School

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EnergyLab: The Link Between Research andEnergy Efficient Applications

What are the general characterIstIcs of energylab?EnergyLab is an Energy Sustainability and Efficiency Technology Centre. It was constituted as a private foundation and thus, non-profit. And it is directed by a Board of Trustees currently with 15 trustees including companies, public administrations and universities. The fundamental aim is to be a business-oriented centre and; therefore, the largest number of trustees will always be from the business world.The main objective of EnergyLab is to search for new technologies that provide energy efficiency, contrast their effectiveness and introduce them in production processes. We are going to make it so that EnergyLab becomes a centre of reference on energy efficiency and sustainability. It could be of very practical assistance to companies both from a technical as well as an economic perspective.

hoW are Its prIncIpal actIvItIes DefIneD?At EnergyLab, we have defined the activities we are going to carry out. The logical work sequence begins with the area that well call technological surveillance. In this area, we try to discover and remain in contact with base research centres that are developing new technologies. And we monitor the level of maturity of these new technologies. You could say it’s like we’re the companies’ eyes and ears bringing them potential technologies. For example, there’s been a lot of talk lately of OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) and; therefore, it’s necessary to know if something interesting is going to come out of this technology, what level of maturity it is at and watch for its applications on the market.

so your analyses are aIMeD at specIfIc

applIcatIons?Exactly. The second area is what we call applied research. It’s one way to say that we are not going to invent anything - that’s what the base laboratories are for; but rather what we’re going to do is when we’ve found a technology that may reduce the use of energy, verify that we’re in those savings ranges and see what processes it can apply to. This way, if we find a new technology that provides, for example, 50 percent energy savings in a given area, we first verify this. It’s a way to facilitate the introduction of technology because normally the end user – a company – doesn’t know about it and doesn’t know how it could best apply the technology. That is the gap we fill.Many companies are in favour of introducing new processes because they understand that this will bring about improvements, especially as far as costs. But, often the core of their business is not dedicated to energy efficiency because they are in the fashion, food, automotive or another sector and don’t have specific departments that search for energy efficiency. Therefore, finding a centre that will inform them with guarantees is fundamental.

but, the InstallatIon DepenDs on coMprehensIve traInIng.In the end, that is our fundamental objective. Everything we do is aimed at our final objective which is to disseminate and provide training on these technologies so that they are understood and there is an understanding for what each technology can provide. Training is fundamental because professionals with guarantees are needed. It happens sometimes that a good technology with poor installers becomes poor technology. We want to introduce the technology with a savings guarantee, but also with an implementation and maintenance guarantee. That is the objective of EnergyLab: to be the link between base research and the implementation. Accelerating the process with guarantees.

hoW Is the centre structureD?The centre has been conceived as a base structure with several researchers and to also work with a broad network of collaborators. Each time we work with new technologies, we aren’t going to put together our own laboratory. Luckily, there are many, well-equipped laboratories in Spain. And we have close ties with many of them.

Elena González Sánchez Managing Director of EnergyLab

Creative EnergyTECNALIA is a private, applied research centre of international prestige with a great impact on local industry, making it an attractive pole for people and organisations. It is the largest private Research, Development and Innovation (R+D+i) group in Spain and one of the top five in Europe with a staff of more than 1200 and turnover of approximately 110 million euros.

The TECNALIA Energy Unit develops renewable energy and sustainable energy vector technology assets for the new equipment used by sector companies.

Wind EnErgyNew topologies for high-power off-shore generators. Superconductive materials. Power converters, advanced topologies, new electronic power devices.Hydrodynamic and structural analyses for off-shore wind turbines.Marine park models and their integration in the electricity grid.

Solar EnErgyInverter-based distributed architecture.Monitoring and predictive maintenance.Hybrid and organic cells. New semi-conductors using ionic liquids.Architectural integration of PV elements.Highly select coatings and storage materials for solar thermoelectricity.

Bio EnErgyOrganic materials and waste: Formulation and characterisation of secondary fuels.Transformation processes for biomass: Thermal and chemical processes.Hydrogen production: gas decomposition, catalytic processes, purification, sub products.Polymer and metal membranes to separate gases.

rEnEWaBlE marinE EnErgyResource analyses and environmental impact studies.Hydrodynamic and structural analyses of floating platforms.Anchor system designs.Wave energy captor models for yield and grid impact analyses.Electrical energy evacuation systems design. Marine energy park design and engineering.

Smart ElEctric gridSAdvanced power system architectures: micro-grids for buildings and neighbourhoods.Electricity Demand Management.High-power converters for grid connection based on new components.Electrical mobility, infrastructures for electric vehicles, V2G.

EnErgy StoragEStorage device converters and control.Large scale energy storage for the distribution network.Materials and manufacturing processes for PEM fuel cell components.

tEchnological SErvicESElectrical equipment certification and testing.EMC and telecommunications certification and testing.Field diagnostics and predictive maintenance.Field HV cable testing.Supplier qualifications. Technical consulting.

Products and Developments

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Products and Developments

aluminium protEctionAnodic coatings with polyaniline and metal oxide nanoparticles to protect the aluminium alloy 2024T3.ImpactImproved aluminium alloys in structural applications (energy, construction, aeronautics …).

micro-grid managErA smart system that governs different generation, storage and consumption sources in a coordinated, autonomous manner.ImpactMakes it possible to bring renewable generation closer to consumption points, facilitating the penetration of green energy and minimizing losses by improving the manageability of the electricity system.

SupEr turBinESSuperconductor based wind turbinesImpactReduced size and weight of the large wind machines facilitating their installation and operation at off-shore parks.

gEniuSPhotovoltaic distributed architectureImpactDistributed electronics which allows for improved efficiency of photovoltaic installations on buildings of up to 30%.

EXPERIMENTAL CAR HAS AUTONOMY OF 70 KILOMETRES AND STORAGE CAPACITY OF 15 KWH

TECNALIA presents electric vehicle that reaches 140 km/hour in 10 seconds

The TECNALIA Technological Corporation has presented its experimental vehicle -‘Dynacar’-, a totally electric car that can reach a speed of 140 kilometres per hour in 10 seconds. The presentation took place at the International Eco Friendly Vehicle & Sustainable Mobility Show in Madrid, held between the 20th and 23rd of May.

Although it is a totally electric vehicle, ‘Dynacar’ takes on board the possibility of integrating range extension concepts, i.e. a battery or small internal combustion engine that will enable the car battery to be supplied with energy in a supplementary mode. The car is a two-seater and has a complete instrument panel to validate systems relative to longitudinal and lateral dynamics. It uses a single-shell, high-rigidity lightweight chassis of steel and aluminium alloy, with an adjustable deformable parallelogram suspension system for the four wheels.

The vehicle has a peak power of 100 kW provided by a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor, a total weight of 700 kg and an energy storage capacity of 15 kWh.

Acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h is estimated to be under 5.7 seconds, the optimum management of traction control being critical. The peak speed is approximately 140 km/h, reaching this figure in 10 seconds. Autonomy in an urban cycle is some 70 kilometres; “an appropriate distance for the purpose of the experimental vehicle”, according to those responsible at TECNALIA.

The vehicle will be adapted to run on the open road, but its main application is to act as a research

platform for new concepts in high-powered electric traction, as well as active systems that enable maximum advantage to be taken of new propulsion systems, such as boost vectorisation or the concepts of distributed traction by means of incorporating in-wheel motors, regenerative braking, etc.The researchers who have devised ‘Dynacar’ state that “the electrification of road transport is one of the priorities of the research, given that the dependence on fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect has focused everyone’s attention on the traditional concept of transport based on vehicles with conventional motor drive”.

Over the past five years the TECNALIA Corporation has been undertaking research into advanced configuration tools and the virtual evaluation of vehicles, in order to develop new solutions for electric and hybrid vehicles. ‘Dynacar’ will be used to check the hypotheses used with high performance electric and hybrid vehicles and to develop new concepts for vehicles of the future.

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The Definitive Incorporation of Direct TensionIndicators (DTIs) in the European Market

Cristina Hernández Martínez

a neW european stanDarD forDtI en 14399-9

Recently, Direct Tension Indicators (DTIs) were included in the Spanish Technical Building Code (CTE) as one of the methods proposed for guaranteeing the tension in pre tensioned (friction grip) bolted connections.

Additionally, DTIs were included in the group of standards pertaining to the European standard EN 14399-1 for structural bolts, for pre tensioned or friction grip connections, which implies an EC marking for this type of product.

Despite the fact that their use has been required on bridges in most States in the US for many years now, in Europe they have not been included as a method for guaranteeing tension, apart from just using torque tables, until the end of last year.

The use of DTIs and their inclusion in European standards provides the market with homogeneity and solves the inconvenience of calculating the friction coefficient of bolts in connections. This coefficient changes as tightening proceeds, thus resulting in insufficient bolt tensions (from the use of insufficient torque applied) and consequent connection loosening, which can contribute to joint breakage due to fatigue.

neW generatIon ofDIrect tensIon InDIcators

A Direct Tension Indicator is a washer-shaped steel device with protrusions on one side and corresponding pockets on the opposite side.

DTIs have been used for over 35 years as a way to guarantee the minimum specified tension of high-strength bolts - mainly in metal structures- but they have also been adopted in petrochemical and automotive industries, and are currently used in windmill structures providing wind energy.

The most common method for installing a DTI is to place it under the bolt head with the protrusions against the underside of the bolt head. Prior to tightening, there is a space between the dome shaped protrusions. As compressive force is induced, by rotating the nut, the protrusions flatten. When the protrusions are flat and the height of the space between them and the bolt head has decreased to the minimum residual space or gap specified (0.40 mm), the design tension for the bolt will have been obtained with precision. Tension is the objective, not applied torque.

aDvantages of a neW DesIgn

There are other types of DTIs on the market, but there is one in particular whose design provides more advantages than all the others.This new design’s major feature is curved protrusions that brings them closer to the inside diameter of the DTI.

This design gives the DTI the following advantages: Greater precision. It is almost ten times more precise

than the previous straight protrusion design due to the protrusion curvature. The pressure variation when calibrated at a constant residual space is ± 1%

The tolerance is limited to the maximum internal diameter within which the curved protrusions may be located. Unlike all the other straight protrusion designs, the result is a perfect fit of the protrusions on the underside of the bolt head

Another advantage is that the protrusions can be flattened practically to the maximum, and the bolt will not have entered into its plastic zone. This is because the pocket volume on the opposite side of the DTI is larger than the mass of material forming the protrusion above it.

Thanks to protrusion curvature, lubricants, oils, rust and dirt cannot change protrusion resistance. Unlike DTIs with straight protrusions which yield higher or lower resistance to pressure due to the effects of external agents.

Curved protrusions make it possible to install a DTI under a nut, facing the nut face, without needing to add a standard washer.

The structural resistance of curved protrusion geometry is greater than that of the old straight protrusion design.

Director of Quality, FATOR Group

The FATOR Group includes Tornillería Industrial SA, Indutor SA, Fator National Bolts SL, Tornillería Industrial China RPO and TI Metal Forgings Sdn. Bhd.

The group relies on a highly qualified team and often collaborates with prestigious engineering firms and structural estimators in the renewable energy sector where their components are becoming ever more relevant all the time.

FATOR has one fundamental characteristic: its customer-oriented service with a personalized technical and commercial service that takes care of specific needs.

They are currently developing specific products that are being used more and more in the construction of wind parks, and in the world of renewable energies in general.

The group offers more than 8000 standard and special product references permanently available in stock. Among other elements, it produces hex head cap screws, hex key screws, metal screws, nuts and washers as well as clamps, pins and U-bolts. The company was founded in 1979 as Tornillería Industrial SA by Mr. Albino García and since then, it has experienced significant growth.

Tornillería Industrial was born out of the will to provide solutions for the complex demands of the various industrial sectors where each construction project requires exhaustive knowledge of all types of technical possibilities as well as adaptation to the standard requirements of each job. This work is completed with the rigour and effectiveness of a group that is already a leading world manufacturer and supplier of screws, nuts, washers and special high-strength fixings.

FATOR: fixings forrenewable energies

FATOR is a group of companies that specialises in the manufacturing and marketing of metal fixings for industrial construction projects.

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All of this has been done through cooperation among its human resources, collaborators and the market to achieve a reliable and efficient service so as to guarantee its clients’ complete satisfaction. Quality is the highest objective and in order to achieve it, the FATOR Group has its own laboratories which are equipped to conduct all the tests necessary for the certification of the products it manufactures or markets as well as specialised technicians who control all of its own manufacturing phases as well as those that are subcontracted out. In addition, the Group works with Applus to control the manufacturing process and quality of all raw materials.

FATOR products are EC approved for high-strength bolts as per standard EN 14399, AFNOR “NF” approved for metal safety barriers as per standard NF P98-412, and AENOR “N” approved for metal safety barriers as per standard UNE 135222.

Logistics is fundamental and FATOR operates modern automatic warehouses that allow it to manage an average stock of nearly 6,000 TN of products with more than 8,000 pallets. This is done with the support of a powerful computer system which makes it possible to ship client orders quickly.

Its fixings are used to build skyscrapers, steel bridges, industrial buildings and metal structures in general. They can also be used for very different types of projects from tunnels to water treatment facilities. One special field it works in is transport: railways, aerial overhead power cables, metal safety barriers and signage.

New testing capabilities for the solar thermal power industry

With ten Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSTP) plants already in operation totaling 382.4 MWe installed power, another 16 power plants in an advanced stage of construction totaling 718 MWe and 34 more projects already preassigned, totaling 1,372 MWe, Spain is today a worldwide leader in solar thermal power.This leadership is fostering the development of an important solar thermal industry, which was nonexistent just a few years ago.

Cener and the solar thermal power industry

Since its creation in 2006, the National Renewable Energy Centre (CENER) Solar Thermal Energy Department has been actively cooperating with this national and international industry, assisting it, among many other things, with:

Defining and developing commercial solar thermal power projects.

Establishing priorities and strategies for research, development and demonstration.

Developing technological system and component improvements and new concepts.

Progress in developing system, subsystem and component testing and evaluation standards, procedures and technologies.

Relevant fruit of this cooperation is the large number of solar thermal power projects in which the CENER Solar Thermal Energy Department is actively participating. This participation ranges from meteorological monitoring and characterization of prospective sites, energy simulation, dimensioning and optimization of CSTP plant systems to

LOURDES RAMIREZ, ENRIC MATEO, ALBERTO GARCíA DE JALÓNSolar Thermal Energy DepartmentNational Renewable Energy Centre (CENER)

feasibility studies and technical audits. The growing number of technology assessment and technology prospective studies the Department is carrying out, or collaborating in, is also worth mentioning.

Testing capabilities in the area of solar thermal

power technologies One area the CENER Solar Thermal Energy Department is giving special attention and investing a strong effort in is component measurement and characterization.

Since 2008, in its Solar Thermal Test Laboratory (LEST), it has been developing the following capabilities and lines of work in this field:

High and medium-temperature solar system and component testing laboratory. Located in Noain, Navarra, this laboratory consists of two test beds, one for thermal characterization and the other for optical characterization of the solar receiver tubes used in parabolic-trough collectors (PTC) for converting the concentrated

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solar energy into enthalpy (thermal energy) of a working fluid. This evaluation is of crucial importance for quality control and improving the design of this key PTC technology component.The thermal characterization bed enables the characteristic thermal loss per unit tube length curve to be found. The test bed can also make thermographic studies of PTC receiver tubes or other components up to a temperature of 1500ºC. The optical characterization bed allows spectral measurement of the solar transmittance of glass (λglass) and solar spectral reflectance of the absorber (ρabs(λ)) of the PTC receiver tubes, along the whole range of solar spectrum wavelengths (300-2500 nm). Measurements are made automatically in different positions along the receiver tube to check that the optical properties are maintained from one point to another along it.

Rotating parabolic-trough collector module test platform. This test platform, which CENER’s Solar Thermal Energy Department is developing for the Advanced Renewable Energy Technology Center (CTAER) and in close cooperation with it, will enable geometric and optical characterization of the whole PTC parabolic concentrator-receiver tube module and accelerated experimental measurement of its “incident angle modifier”, that is, of the dependence of thermal performance of the PTC modules on the angle of incidence of the direct component of solar radiation. Located in Tabernas, Almería, this infrastructure will provide the industry with new and innovative testing capabilities.

Development of concentrating mirror test procedures: These developments include spectral reflectivity characterization tests, durability and accelerated ageing tests in weathering chambers, geometry characterization and its influence on the optical behavior of the mirrors using photogrammetry and “laser tracking” techniques.

Obviously, all the lines of work mentioned above are complementary and acquire complete sense with the CENER Solar Thermal Energy Department’s active participation as a member of the AENOR AEN/CTN206/SC standardization subcommittee “Solar Thermal Power Systems”, in whose recent creation by the AENOR CTN206 “Power Production” Committee the CENER Solar Thermal Energy Department played a very active role.

The solar thermal testing laboratory (lest)

The testing capabilities for the solar thermal industry described above, are in addition to the already existing consolidated capabilities of the CENER Solar Thermal Energy Department’s Solar Thermal Testing Laboratory (LEST), and therefore are nourished by the laboratory staff’s long experience in standardization and certification activities including, among others, the following:

Participation in national (AENOR: CTN94 and CTC78), European (CEN TC312) and worldwide (ISO TC180) solar thermal energy standardization technical committees.

Participation as a reference testing laboratory in the “Solar Keymark Network” of certifiers and manufacturer associations for the development and maintenance of a product quality seal for solar thermal collectors and compact systems.

Participation in Task 43 of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Solar Heating and Cooling Program (SHC), the purpose of which is to develop new testing and characterization methodologies for emerging technologies in solar thermal systems and components.

Participation in the European QAiST Project, under the European Commission’s Intelligent Energy Europe Program, the purpose of which is to develop new quality assurance methodologies for solar thermal and solar cooling systems.

In addition to the medium and high-temperature solar system and component testing laboratory, the LEST includes the following laboratories:

Solar collector test laboratory. This laboratory characterizes low-temperature solar thermal collectors according to the European UNE-EN 12975-2:2006 Standard, and can make outdoor tests and indoor tests with a solar simulator. To date, it has made over 500 collector performance and durability tests.Among the new capabilities with which it has recently been provided, it should be mentioned that in January 2010, the LEST was accredited by the American Solar Rating & Certification Corporation (SRCC) to test solar collectors for that market under the US standard (Standard OG-100). By virtue of this accreditation, the LEST has become one of the seven European laboratories officially accredited for testing under

the US standard. Of the rest of the laboratories, five are German and one is Swiss.

Prefabricated systems laboratory. CENER’s Solar Thermal Energy Department makes prefabricated and compact solar thermal system performance and durability tests according to the European UNE-EN 12976 Standard in this laboratory, located in Seville, currently the only Spanish laboratory accredited by the ENAC for carrying out this type of test.Very recently, the scope of the laboratory’s accreditation was widened to testing with the dynamic stress test (DST) according to the ISO 9459-5 Standard. Testing of prefabricated systems following this method makes it possible for manufacturers to benefit from the family concept, which allows results of performance and durability tests on one or maximum two system configurations to be extrapolated to the rest of the system configurations in the same family.

Pyranometer calibration laboratory. A challenge for the coming months is to acquire ENAC accreditation for pyranometer calibration by comparison to a reference pyranometer under the ISO 9847 Standard. Calibration is done by testing outside in the CENER Solar Thermal Energy Department’s Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) radiometric station in Sarriguren (Pamplona).

ConclusionsBetter characterization of the key components of solar thermal energy conversion technologies for power production will lead to the improvement of their performance, increase their reliability, and contribute to the improvement of solar thermal power technologies, lowering its costs in the mid-to-long term.

The efforts that Spanish research centers of international renown, such as the National Renewable Energy Centre are making to develop component testing and characterization capabilities, as well as modeling, development and design of new system concepts, is justified in the context of the Spanish commitment to renewable energies in general and solar thermal power in particular, and are directed at contributing to consolidating the position of leadership of the Spanish industry in this field.

Equipment for measurement and calibration of radiometric instruments

Collectors exposed for durabily and reliability testing

Detail of thermographic measurement testing

Solar simulator and cold sky in solar collector interior performance and durability tets

Parabolic-trough collector recelver tube thermal characterizacion test bed

Solar collector thermal performance test bed

Instrumentation for measurement of incident short-wave and long-wave solar radiation

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New book

“Solar thermal power: a research success story” presented in Valencia

Coordinated by Valeriano Ruiz, President of Protermosolar, the work finds support in testimonies of 14 authors who made it possible for Spain to lead solar thermal technology

The work includes presentations of the President José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, the presidents and Energy advisors of Andalucía, Castilla La Mancha and Extremadura, as well as the Secretary of State for Energy, Pedro Luis Marín Uribe

Protermosolar edits this publication in cooperation with CTAER and sponsored by the University of Seville and the CIEMAT

The second session of the Mediterranean Solar Plan Conferences which are taking place in Valencia housed the presentation of the book “Solar thermal power: a research success story”.

Throughout the view of 14 authors from academic and scientific areas and under coordination of Valeriano Ruiz, President of Protermosolar, this document gathers the beginning of solar termal power in Spain as well as the latest advances in R&D since the last 30 years, which made it possible for Spain to become world leader in this technology.

The content of this publication goes through the history of solar thermal power in Spain and in the rest of the world. At the same time, it raises how this technology received a boost at the late 70s and how Spain succeeded in extending its research while most countries abandoned.

Concerning the spanish technological leadership, the book highlights the role of the Solar Platform of Almería. These facilites are considered today as a worldwide reference in the development of solar thermal technology. Besides, the work describes the way important barriers and sceptical opinions have been overcome, and mentions the keys that

explain why this renewable technology will play a strategic role in the future energy distribution.

Together with this book, it is also edited a docummentary video enriched with valuable testimonies related to solar thermal industry these days.

This work, edited by Protermosolar, was created in cooperation with the CTAER (Advanced Technologic Center of Renewable Energies of Andalucía) and thanks to the sponsorship of the University of Seville and the CIEMAT (Energy, Environmental and Technological Research Center). Along with Valeriano Ruiz, 14 authors have taken part in the book, which boosts of presentations of distinguished people like the President of the Spanish Government, José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, the Secretary of the State for Energy, Pedro Luis Marín Uribe, or the Director of CIEMAT, Cayetano López Martínez.

Valeriano Ruiz, coordinator of the book, claims that “this book attempts to recognise the work and aspirations of everyone who relied on this technology since the very beginning, as well as provide valuable

madrid, 11th may 2010.

and recent information about a power generation system which is taking off and already started its expansion”. Nowadays, Spain holds 10 plants in operations, and is the country with the highest solar thermal power installed (382MW). Works have started for other 16 plants, and there exist another 34 plants inscribed in the preasignation register foreseen for 2013. Therefore, by that year, there will be 60 termosolar plants working in Spain.

Autonomous Communities of Andalucía, Castilla-La Mancha and Extremadura have participated in the writing too, including presentations of their respective presidents and Industry and Energy advisors. As also did academics like the Vice.Chancellor of the University of Seville, Joaquín Luque Rodríguez.

About the authorsruiz hErnándEz, valEriano (coordinator)Doctor in Physics at University of Seville; Cathedratic of Termodinamic at Energy Engineering Department of the University of Seville and coordinator of the Termodicamic and Renewable Energies research group. President of the Foundation Renewable Energies Advanced Tecnological Center (CTAER) and of the Asociation Protermosolar (companies of the solar sector of high temperature). Member of the National Council of Climate and the Academy of Science and Tecnics Hassan II in Morocco.

Blanco muriEl, manuElDoctor in Industrial Engineering at University of Seville and Doctor in Applied Physics at University of Masachusetts. Born in 1960, he has researched Renewable Energies for 27 years and specially termosolar technologies. He earns great experience on managing investigation gropus. Among other responsibility posts, he has worked as Director of Solar Platform of Almería for five years and Professor and Director of the Engineering Department of Texas University at Brownsville during other five years. Nowadays, he is Director of the Solar Thermal Energy Department at the National Centre of rtenewable Energies.

Blanco gálvEz, JuliánIndustrial Engineer at University of Seville and Doctor at University of Almería. Twenty years investigating the field of solar technology. Permanent Researcher of CIEMAT-Solar Platform of Almería, and currently Responsible for the Environmental Unit of Solar Power.

crESpo rodríguEz, luiSDoctor in Aeronautic Engineering and Sociologist. Related to solar thermal power since 1976, first to be involved in Solar Platform of Almería and very important person to promote international projects as well as the launch and stablishment of Renewable Solar Energies of CIEMAT. In 1990, dissapointed with the renewable policies, he changed to managing technologies and financing companies. In 2008 he comes back to the sector as General Secretary of Protermosolar and director of the Renewable Energies Advanced Technological Center of Andalucía.

FErnándEz QuEro, valErioIndustrial Engineer at University of Cataluña and Doctor at University of Seville.Born in 1969, he has dedicated most of his career to concentrated solar thermal technologies, taking part in several projects as member of the Termodinamic Group at the Engineers School of Seville at its beginnings, and in Abengoa Solar since 1999. He is currently responsible for running, operations and maintenance of solar thermal plants of Solucar Platform (Seville), among them, the tower and heliostats plants PS10 and PS20, and the parabolic trough plants Solnova 1, 3 and 4.

malato rodríguEz, Sixto Doctor in Chemistry. Currently, he is Permanent Researcher of CIEMAT (Ministry of Science and Innovation), being responsible for the group of Detoxification and Water Desinfection in the Solar Platform of Almería. His scientific work has been mainly related to R&D projects centered on water purification through advanced oxidation processes.

martínEz plaza, diEgoIndustrial Engineer at University of Seville. Related from the beggining to the Solar Platform of Almería and Director since 2003. He represents Spain in ‘SolarPACES’ . Author o co-author of more than 20 scientific articles, taking part in 24 R&D projects and coordinator of 14 of them.

muñoz torralBo, antonio Doctor in Aeronautic Engineering. From INTA in 1976 he went to the Energy Studies Center, where he held the position of Research Department Chief Executive Officer. From there he went to the National Innovation Companyu of the INI and after that, to Asinel. In 1990 he was hired by the ABB group, remaining there until his retirement in 2005

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rodríguEz BarrEra, Fátima Graduated in Communications (University of Seville, 1995). Masters on Ecologic and Environmental Information at University of Madrid. Aid worker at education and sanitary projects at African rural regions. TV reporter at Canal Sur 2. Director and scriptwriter of docummentaries: Nowadays, responsible for the communication of the Renewable Energies Advanced Technological Centre (CTAER).

romEro álvarEz, manuElDoctor in Chemistry at University of Valladolid. Permantent Researcher of CIEMAT, where he has worked as director of Renewable Energies Department. He was in charge of managing the Solar Platform of Almería for a while. All his life has been linked to research in high temperature solar thermal technologies. Currently, he is Deputy Manager of IMDEA-Energy Foundation.

SánchEz Sudón, FErnandoTelecommunications Engineer. Madrid University 1974. He began working 33 years ago at design, building and evaluation of project CESA 1. Afterwards from CIEMAT, first as responsible for Solar Division, (1986-1989) and later as Director of Renewable Energies Institute (1989-1997). He has had responsabilites at Solar Platform management from its creation until 1998, being member of the Management Comitee of the Spaniard German Agreement foa ajoint use of PSA. Nowadays and since 2004 he is Technical Director of Renewable Energies National Center CENER.

Silva pérEz, manuElIndustrial Engineer Doctor at Seville University and teacher of Energy Engineering Department of the same University. He began his career in 1985 as

engineer of the ITET at Solar Platform of Almería. After a four year period at private corporations, he came back to join investigations on solar thermal concentration systems. Currently he is responsible for solar thermal projects of Termodinamic Group and Renewable Energies for Seville University and AICIA (Research and Industrial Cooperation Association of Andalucía).

Julián SoBrino Simal Historian, permanent teacher of ETSA in Seville, specialist in industrial architecture history. Nowadays, he holds the position of Vicepresident of TICCIH-Spain. He has published different contributions about these issues which are to emphasize “Industrial Architecture in Spain” and “Architecture of Industry in Andalucía”. He is main researcher of R&D&i projects related to industrial patrimony.

zarza moya, EduardoIndustrial Engineer and Doctor at University of Seville. Born in 1958, he has dedicated 25 years to solar concentration systems, taking part in a great number of projects and R&D activities. Nowadays he is responible for the PSA Solar Concentration Systems Unit.

About ProtermosolarProtermorsolar is the Association which represents the spanish sector of solar thermal industry and is currently integrated by 93 members. Solar technology, where Spain is world leader, has solidly bursted into the prospect of renewable energies and today is the one which holds the highest potential to growth. With an installed power foreseen of 2.500 MW, this sector sets as an objective to exceed 10.000MW in 2020.

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ENERGIA GIJÓNwww.energiagijon.com ENERGYLAB

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CENERwww.cener.com

TEKNIKER-IK4www.tekniker.es

PROTERMOSOLARwww.protermosolar.com

ZIGORwww.zigor.com

HELIOSOLARwww.heliosolar.es

TECNALIAwww.tecnalia.info

ASSYCEwww.assyce.com

5º International Meeting of Biotechnology

Pamploma-SPAINSeptember 29 to October 1, 2010

AEFwww.aef.es

FATORwww.tindsa.com

SRBwww.srbenergy.es

IBERÓLICAwww.grupoiberolica.com

GENERAwww.ifema.es/ferias/genera

MINISTERIO DE INDUSTRIA, TURISMO Y COMERCIOwww.mityc.es

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