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TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)
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TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

Jan 23, 2016

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Page 1: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS

Xabier Munduate

Wind Energy DepartmentCENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

Page 2: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

Introducción

Teoria BEM y Calculo de Fuerzas

Limitaciones en la aplicación al diseño

Indice

Page 3: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

El campo aerodinámico objeto de estudio en BEM se puede dividir en: la zona local y la zona global y una interface que comunique ambas zonas.

Zona global Zona globalZona local

Escalas espaciales y temporales

t=c/ Ωrt=D/V t=D/V

Cantidad de

Movimiento

Cantidad de

Movimiento

Elemento de pala

(LL)

Page 4: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

BEM=Blade Element Momentum.Teoría de la Cantidad de Movimiento 2D: axial y tangencial + combinada con la Teoria de Elemento de Pala.

TEORIA BEM

Page 5: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

steady incompresible uniforme 2D flujo axial y tangencial : no hay flujo radial por lo

que fuerzas radiales son ignoradas. irrotacional upstream: pero es rotacional al paso por el

rotor y en la estela cercana. no perdidas de energia: no turbulencia, no disipacion. no viscoso en la zona global. El drag se asume en la

zona local flow incorporandolo a traves de coeficientes Cl-Cd.

Simplificaciones del flujo

TEORIA BEM

Page 6: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

TEORIA BEMBase teorica

Conservation of mass flow rate

through concentric annular elements of the disc, A=

Page 7: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

TEORIA BEMBase teoricaDefinitions, axial induction factor

Admiting that

the velocity in the far wake

it may be observed the axial induced velocityfactor in the far wake, 2a, is twice that across the

disc, a.

a>1/2Wake velocity

negative

Page 8: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

TEORIA BEMBase teorica

Conservation of Axial Momentum By applying the axial momentum equation toan annular ring at radius r with width dr,the local thrust is given by

combining with the two previous expressions for velocity

Eq 1

Page 9: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

TEORIA BEMBase teorica

From Angular momentum conservation the local torque Q produced by the tangential force on a circular element at radius r is given by

Considering

Assuming that

and that the wind far upstream is irrotational

Page 10: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

TEORIA BEMBase teorica

rewriting the above Eq gives the torque

Eq 2

Page 11: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

TEORIA BEM

Cx

Cy

Plane of rotation

Plane of rotation

Knowing Cl and Cd as a function of the angle of attack, it is now possible to determine the rotor disc Cx and Cy.

Page 12: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

TEORIA BEMBase teorica

is the number of blades

the chord blade

Equating the elemental thrust and torque obtained via momentum

theory Eqs 1 and 2 to theseexpression given by blade element theory Eqs 3 and 4 results in two

expressions, one for a and a second for a´. The set of non_linear equations

can be solvednumerically in a iterative fashion

Eq 3

Eq 4

Page 13: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)

BEM

Debido a estas simplificaciones el método básico BEM sufre las siguientes limitaciones a la hora de aplicación practica:

Para a>1/2 la teoria no es valida: Flujo reverso estela. No tiene en cuenta ni el numero de palas ni la dimensión finita

de estas en el calculo aerodinamico. Es un método estático 2-D, por tanto no admite transitorios

(yaw, dynamic stall) y cada seccion de pala es independiente de la contigua (No ve ningun efecto 3D a lo largo de la pala).

Page 14: TEORIA BEM Y CALCULO DE FUERZAS Xabier Munduate Wind Energy Department CENER - National Renewable Energy Centre (Spain)