Slide 1
Small Group Discussion QuestionsWhat is slavery? When did
slavery begin in America?
How did slavery in the antebellum period differ from slavery in
the early colonies?
How did the cotton gin affect the Southern economy?What effect
did this have on slavery?
In U.S. history, we understand SLAVE to mean A person who is the
property of another person
A person who is entirely under the control/domination of another
person
A person with no legal rights or protectionsWhat IS slavery? How
would YOU define slave - ???2These first 20 Africans were not made
to be slaves by the Jamestown colonists they became indentured
servants, NOT slavesUnfortunately, the idea of slavery in Virginia
evolved/grew gradually, beginning slowly & eventually leading
to life long enslavementHow/when did slavery start in colonial
America?
3
1619: Arrival of "20 and Odd" Blacks aboard an English pirate
ship, under the Dutch flag. Were sold/traded into servitude for
supplies. 1630's: it was considered "customary practice to hold
some Negroes in a form of life service some blacks were able to
hold on to their status of being indentured servants, thus,
eventually gaining their freedom. 1639: All persons except Negroes
are to be with Arms and Ammunition. 1640: John Punch, a runaway
indentured Servant, first documented slave for life.1662: Slavery
was recognized in the statutory law of the colony. Legislation was
passed defining the status of mulatto children (black and white).
Children would be considered the same status as the mother. If the
child was born to a slave, the child would be considered a slave.
1667: Baptism does not bring freedom. Until the General Assembly
outlawed it, baptism could be the grounds for a black slave to
obtain his/her freedom. It was considered for a period of time that
it was not proper for a Christian to enslave a fellow Christian.
1670: Blacks or Indians could no longer own white indentured
servants. 1680: An act was passed preventing insurrections among
slaves. Blacks could not congregate in large numbers for supposed
funeral or feasts. Blacks must also obtain written authorization to
leave a plantation at any given time. They could not remain at
another plantation longer than 4 hours. 1691: First act prohibiting
intermarriage. No Negro or Mulatto may be set free by any person
unless they pay for the transportation out of the colony within six
months or forfeit ten pounds of sterling so that the church wardens
might have the Negro transported. 1692 Negroes must give up
ownership of horses, cattle or hogs. Separate courts for the trial
of slaves charged with a capital crime, thus depriving them of the
right of a trial by jury. 1705: Slave codes written into law 6
Emancipation in the North7
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12Cotton is measured in BALES
A bale is COMPRESSED cotton. If interested, add pic of methods
used to form bales.13How many more BALES of cotton were produced in
1860 compared to 1800?
14
Where is cotton production thriving?15ENSLAVED-PERSON
POPULATIONCOTTON PRODUCTION
16Northern FactoriesEuropean MarketsWhat is the Souths COTTON
KINGDOM doing once they harvest all this cotton? Who is buying
cotton?17
18
19Day 2Describe the images below:Who do you think they are?What
are they doing?
#1#2Slavery not solely a matter of color
What did slavery look like in America?
Not only what did it look like WHAT was it LIKE?23
"the [groups of slaves are] marched close to a fire previously
kindled on the beach. Here marking-irons (aka branding-irons) are
heated, and when an iron is sufficiently hot, it is quickly dipped
in palm-oil, in order to prevent its sticking to the flesh. It is
then applied to the ribs or hip, and sometimes even to the breast.
Each slave-dealer uses his own mark, so that when the [slaves]
arrive at their destination, it is [easy to tell] to whom those who
died belonged" (Travels in Western Africa in 1845 & 1846
[London, 1847; reprinted London, 1968], vol. I, p. 143)."the
[groups of slaves are] marched close to a fire previously kindled
on the beach. Here marking-irons (aka branding-irons) are heated,
and when an iron is sufficiently hot, it is quickly dipped in
palm-oil, in order to prevent its sticking to the flesh. It is then
applied to the ribs or hip, and sometimes even to the breast. Each
slave-dealer uses his own mark, so that when the [slaves] arrive at
their destination, it is [easy to tell] to whom those who died
belonged" (Travels in Western Africa in 1845 & 1846 [London,
1847; reprinted London, 1968], vol. I, p. 143).
24
What did slavery look like in America?Not only what did it look
like WHAT was it LIKE?25
"the [groups of slaves are] marched close to a fire previously
kindled on the beach. Here marking-irons (aka branding-irons) are
heated, and when an iron is sufficiently hot, it is quickly dipped
in palm-oil, in order to prevent its sticking to the flesh. It is
then applied to the ribs or hip, and sometimes even to the breast.
Each slave-dealer uses his own mark, so that when the [slaves]
arrive at their destination, it is [easy to tell] to whom those who
died belonged" (Travels in Western Africa in 1845 & 1846
[London, 1847; reprinted London, 1968], vol. I, p. 143).One of the
slave's greatest fears was to be sold off and separated from loved
ones. According to Mortimer Thomson, a newspaper correspondent who
covered the Butler sale, "The expression on the faces of all who
stepped on the block was always the same, and told of more anguish
than it is in the power of words to express."26Slave Auction
Notice, 1823
27
Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856
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What do you notice about this picture? What catches your
attention?!29What did slavery look like in America?
Not only what did it look like WHAT was it LIKE?30
"the [groups of slaves are] marched close to a fire previously
kindled on the beach. Here marking-irons (aka branding-irons) are
heated, and when an iron is sufficiently hot, it is quickly dipped
in palm-oil, in order to prevent its sticking to the flesh. It is
then applied to the ribs or hip, and sometimes even to the breast.
Each slave-dealer uses his own mark, so that when the [slaves]
arrive at their destination, it is [easy to tell] to whom those who
died belonged" (Travels in Western Africa in 1845 & 1846
[London, 1847; reprinted London, 1968], vol. I, p. 143).This is a
photo of a SLAVE PEN, located in Alexandria, Virginia. The photo
shows a doorway with barred gate opening to courtyard, pens are
visible to right. Two of the six pen doors are open.
The domestic slave trade transported 100s of thousands of slaves
from the upper south to the Cotton Kingdom culminating in the
internal sale & transportation of 250,000 enslaved people in
1860, from the upper south to the deep south where slave labor was
in high demand.
Library of Congress -
http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cwpb.01468/
*&*http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cwpb.01470/31Constant
threat of physical violence
Constant threat of splitting apart families &/or harming a
persons family/friends if he/she misbehaved
laws called SLAVE CODES designed to limit the power of African
AmericansHow did the Antebellum South manage to control 4,000,000
enslaved people?32
Iron Mask, Collar, Leg Shackles and Spurs Used to Restrain
Slaves. Illustration in The Penitential Tyrant / Thomas Branagan,
New York. Printed by Samuel Wood, no. 362, Pearl Street, 180733
5 generations, contrasted w/Fred Douglas knowing no father,
seeing his mother but 5 times in his life 34
This slave quarter complex was located on a plantation near
Bunkie, Louisiana. In the background is a large sugar house. There
is only a low wooden fence surrounding these slave quarters.
"Negro family representing five generations on Smith's
Plantation, Beaufort, S.C." A group portrait of ten slaves in front
of the doorway to their quarters. Photograph by Timothy O'Sullivan.
35SLAVE CODES laws meant to keep African-Americans powerless, &
to prevent slaves from running away &/or rebellingSlave Codes
made it illegal for enslaved people to
Learn how to read. Gather in groups of more than two. Own or
carry guns. Have their children born free. Marry a white person.
Testify in court. Lift a hand against a white person, even in
self-defense Charge slave owners with a crime, even if they killed
their own slaves. Visit other plantations, or leave their
plantation without written permission. 36How did people RESIST,
& Fight Back?
37They kept HOPE; they kept religionS of Africa & mixed them
with Christianity.
38Music - Spirituals
39They Ran-away
40 & some came back again & again, to rescue more people
from the horrors of slavery.
41Some not only escaped, but then Dedicated their lives to
speaking out & Writing Books about the horrors of slavery
42They did everything they could to hold onto their
families.
43Some slaves planted fields during the day & sabotaged
plantations during the night setting fires, uprooting plants,
breaking tools
44Violence Nat Turner, Gabriel Prosser, John
brownhttp://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/081_cwaf7.html
45What is an additional question you have about
slavery?46Monticello reunion
Betty and Phoebe Kilby first met in February 2007. They are
linked by a slave past.