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SHODH CHETNA – YEAR-3 ISSN : 2350-0441(JAN. TO MAR, 2017) VOL. 1

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—[e@. metÙe&veejeÙeCe ieewlece

Deveg›eâce

Deb«espeer efJeYeeie

1. MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OFCHICKPEA (CV. P-391) GROWN ON FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL INPRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF Meloidogyne incognita andRhizobium leguminosarum 11-18Navneet Sharma*Dinesh Kumar Singh**

2. PROBLEMS OF MARKETING IN AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES,REWA DISTRICT 19-25Dr. Sanjay Shankar Mishra*Dr. Sanjay Pathak**

3. HUMAN RESOURCE CONDITIONS AND EMPLOYER'SMOTIVAION IN SBI AND ICICI BANKS 26-34Indu Singh*Dr. Rafiqur Rehman**

4. HAND-PAINTED TEXTILES EXPRESSING EPIC ART :KALAMKARI 35-37Ankita Agarwal*Dr. Indira Agrawal**

5. THE DIVERSITY OF THRIPS SPECIES (THYSANOPTERA :THRIPIDAE) EFFECT ON ONION CROP, ALLIUM CEPA INDISTRIC ALIGARH 38-44Neetu Singh

6. ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES IN EDUCA-TION LIBRARIES 45-48Tej Pratap Singh

7. "PANNA TIGER RESERVE MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES 49-52Pushpendra SinghNeerja Khare

8. SOME WILD PLANTS ARE USED AS FOOD MATERIAL BY THETRIBES OF DEOSAR 53-56I.P. Kumhar*R.L. Patel**Prabha Prajapati***


[ 5 ]


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[ 11 ]

ABSTRACT

MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSESOF CHICKPEA (cv. P-391) GROWN ON FLY ASHAMENDED SOIL IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OFMeloidogyne incognita and Rhizobium leguminosarum

Navneet Sharma* Dinesh Kumar Singh**

Increase in the growth, yield and protein contents of chickpea at

lower level (20% and 40%) of fly ash but reverse was true at higher level

(80% and 100%) soil amended in 60% fly ash could cause suppression

in growth and yield in respect to 40% fly ash treated chickpea plant but

former was found at par with controlled fly ash untreated plant. Maximum

growth occurred in plants growth in soil amended with 40% fly ash,

nitrogen contents of chickpea was suppressed progressively increasing

level of fly ash. Moreover Rhizobium leguminosarum influenced the

growth and yield positively out Meloidogyneincongita used opposite

effects particularly at 20% and 40% fly ash levels. The positive effects of

R. leguminoarum were marked by M. incognita at initial levels. However

at 80% and 100% fly ash levels the positive and negative effects of R.

leguminosarum and/or M. incognita did not appear as insignificant

difference persist among such treatment.

Key words : Meloidogyne incognita, Rhizobium leguminosarum, fly

ash, growth, yield.

* Section of Environmental Nematology, Department of Botany, J.J.T. University,Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), India, E-mail : [email protected]

** Section of Environmental Nematology, Department of Botany, J.J.T. University,Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan), India, E-mail : [email protected]

SH

O

DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4

SHODH CHETNA – YEAR-2 ISSN : 2350-0441(OCT. TO DEC., 2017) VOL. 4


Fly ash is one of the major particulateair pollutant and is a major problem in thedeveloping countries like India. It is mainlyproduced by the thermal power plants andother industries using coal as fuel. Itsdeposition on the soil and foliage causesvaried responses of the plants depending uptoits level of deposition. Not much is knownabout the effect of fly ash on growth and yieldof Cicerarietinum particularly on root-knotnematode infected plant in presence orabsence of root nodule bacteria. Althoughsome studies have been conducted atdifferent research centres with regard to thiseffect (Siddiqui and Singh, 2005; Singh etal., 2010) but they are not sufficient to makethe systematic generalization. This sectionhas considered the impact of thermal powerplant originated fly ash on the growth andyield of Meloidogyne incognita race 1infected chickpea plant under the artificialtreatment conditions with or without thepresence of Rhizobium and leguminosarum.

Materials and MethodsThe autoclaved field soil and fly ash

(obtained from thermal power plant,Kasimpur, Aligarh, India) were mixed withfield soil in order to obtain 20, 40, 60, 80and 100% levels. These mixtures were filledin 30 cm diameter clay pots and surfacesterilized seeds (dipped in 0.01% HgCl2 for15 minutes) of Cicerarietinum cv. P-391(chickpea) were sown in the pots andsimultaneously inoculated with Rhizobiumleguminosarum. Three week-old seedlingswere inoculated with freshly hatched 2ndstage juveniles of M. incognita. Thefollowing were the treatments in theexperiment.

ControlPlant + 4000g soil+ Nil fly ashPlant + 4000g soil+ R. leguminosarumPlant + 4000g soil+ Nematode

(=M. incognita)Plant + Rhizobium + Nematode

Fly ash treatmentPlant + Fly ash (20%) =

800g fly ash + 3200g soil

Plant + Fly ash (20%) = Rhizobium

Plant + Fly ash (20%) = Nematode

Plant + Fly ash (20%) +

Nematode + Rhizobium

Plant + Fly ash (40%) =



















4000g fly ash + Nil soil






Each treatment was replicated five times.

After the termination of the experiment (120

days after sowing), lengths and dry and fresh

weights of shoot and root were determined

as per procedure. Number of flowers and

fruits were counted at 10 day intervals in the

last two months of the experiment and an

average was calculated. Amount of

chlorophyll (a, b and total) and carotenoid

contents were calculated by using the method

given by MacKinney (1941) and MacLachlan

and Zalik (1963), respectively. Moreover,

protein (soluble, insoluble and total) and

nitrogen contents were determined by

employing Lowry et al. (1951) and Linder

(1944) methods, repsecitvely.

All the data were analysed by using

Fischer (1950) factorial method. Treatments

with fly ash were considered as factor one

(F1) and treatments with root-knot nematode

and/or root-nodule bacteria were considered

as factor two (F2). This way three CD (i.e.

F1=, F2and F1 x F2) were calculated by

putting the data to Analysis of Variance Table.

Results and DiscussionFly ash variably affected the plant

growth (length, fresh and dry weights of

shoot and root), yield (flowering and

fruiting), pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total

and carotenoids), protein (soluble, insoluble

and total) and nitrogen contents of chickpea.

Chickpea plants showed enhanced plant

growth and yield in soils amended with 20

and 40% fly ash (Tables 1-4). Utilizable plant

nutrients are found in fly ash (Druzinaet al.,

1983) and its addition can enrich the soil in

macro and micro-nutrients which may have

favourable effect on crop productivity

(Martens and Beahm, 1978). Addition of fly

ash to soil can neutralize soil acidity and can

increase ion exchange capacity, water holding

capacity and pore size (Elseewi et al., 1981),

which may ameliorate plant growth and yield.

These factors may have played some role in

improving the growth and biomass of the

chickpea plants. Improvements in plant leaf

pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) and

protein of seeds were also recorded at 20 and

40% being maximum at 40% level (Tables

5-7), further increase in the fly ash level

caused suppression in growth, yield and

pigments of chickpea. It is indicated that the

changes exerted by fly ash 40% level in the

physico-chemical characteristics of soil were

optimal for chick-pea crop which was evident

from the improved plant growth and yield

and enhanced leaf pigments and protein

contents.

Higher levels of fly ash (60,80 and

100%) were harmful for plant growth of

chick-pea. However, at 60% fly ash level,

suppression to growth and other parameters

occurred in comparison to 40% treatment but

still the parameters were at par to the control

(i.e,fly ash untreated plants). Fly ash contains

some toxic compounds life dibenzofuran and

dibenzo-p-dioxime (Helderet al., 1982). At

60,80 and 100% fly ash level, concentration

of these substances may have exceeded three

threshold limit for chick-pea causing adverse

effects on plant growth, yield, leaf pigment


and protein contents of seeds.High alkalinity

and excess of salts and nutrients in soil

(Adrianoet al., 1980) may also have

contributed towards the poor performance of

chick-pea an 60.80 and 100% fly ash levels.

Plant growth and other characters of

chick-pea with root nodule bacteria at 20 and

40% levels wererelativelybetter than non-

nodulated plants. Thisimprovements was

comparatively less in the presence of M.

incognita. Chick-pea plants inoculated with

R.leguminosarum and M.incognita in fly ash

treatments (20and40%) showed a significant

enhancement in all the parameters as

compared to the inoculated plants grown in

non-amended soils. These effects were,

however, reduced at 60% fly ash level. The

differences in plant growth, yield etc. of

nematode and bacteria inculated plantsIn

100% fly ash level were non-significant. So,

it is obvious that mutual effects of

R. leguminosarum and M. incognita were

adversely effected by higher levels of fly ash

particularly at 100% fly ash. Higher levels

of fly ash, due to accumulation of toxic

substances, may have suppressive effect for

microbial activity (Wong and Wong, 1986)

like root nodule bacteria and root-knot

nematode (Singh et al.,1994).

Nitrogen content of leaves of chick-pea

were progressively decreased with an

increase in fly ash level (table 8). Adverse

effect on nitrogen content may have resulted

from the absence of nitrogen in fly ash

(Mishra and Shukla, 1986). The reduction

reported by Khan et al (1988) and

accumulation of heavy metals (Eiceman and

Vandiver, 1983) in soils amended with fly

ash. Plant growth, yield, leaf pigments and

dead protein might be effected adversely

through poor nitrogen availability in fly ash

amended soils.

Reduction in nitrogen content of

chickpea leaves was comparatively less in the

presence of root-nodule bacteria. The reverse

was true in presence of M. incognita. Root-

nodule bacteria and root-knot nematode both

together could cause more reduction in

nitrogen content than in plants inoculated

with R. leguminosarum. Singh et al (1994)

have also reported that in soyabean, nitrogen

content was decreased gradually with an

increase in the fly ash concentration.

The study showed that fly ash

amendment of soil was beneficial for plant

growth and yield of chickpea at 20 and 40%

being maximum at 40% level, in presence or

absence of M. incognita and/or R.

leguminosarum. At the initial (20 and 40%)

levels, the beneficial effects of fly ash were

suppressed by the presence of M. incognita

but reverse was true with root-nodule

bacteria. However, fly ash at the higher levels

(80 and 100%) suppressed the positive effects

of R. leguminosarum and also increased the

negative effects of M. incognita.

Acknowledgements: The authors are

thankful to Department of Science and

Technology , Government of India for

providing financial assistance.

SHODH CHETNA – YEAR-2 (OCT. TO DEC., 2016) VOL. 4, ISSN : 2350-0441 15T

able

1.

Eff

ect

of

fly

ash

(P

) o

n l

eng

th o

f sh

oot

an

d r

oot

of

chic

kp

ea i

n p

rese

nce

an

d a

bse

nce

of

M.

inco

gn

ita

(M

i) a

nd

R.

leg

um

ino

saru

m (

R)

Tab

le 2

.E

ffec

t o

f fl

y a

sh (

P)

on

fre

sh w

eig

ht

of s

hoo

t a

nd

roo

t of

ch

ick

pea

in

pre

sen

ce a

nd

ab

sen

ce o

f M

. in

cog

nit

a (

Mi)

an

d R

. leg

um

ino

saru

m (

R)

CD

at

P=

0.0

5,

Tre

at =

0.6

54;

Fly

ash

= 0

.53

4;

Tre

at x

Fly

ash

= 1

.30

8T

reat

= 0

.30

5,

Fly

ash

= 0

.24

9;

Tre

at x

Fly

ash

= 0

.611

CD

at

P=

0.0

5,

Tre

at =

0.7

46;

Fly

ash

= 0

.60

9;

Tre

at x

Fly

ash

= 1

.49

2T

reat

= 0

.48

6,

Fly

ash

= 0

.397

; T

reat

x F

ly a

sh =

0.9

73

Tab

le 3

. E

ffec

t of

fly

ash

(P

) on

dry

wei

gh

t o

f sh

oot

an

d r

oot

of

chic

kp

ea i

n p

rese

nce

an

d a

bse

nce

of

M.

inco

gn

ita

(M

i) a

nd

R.

leg

um

ino

saru

m (

R)

CD

at

P=

0.0

5,

Tre

at =

0.2

01;

Fly

ash

= 0

.16

4;

Tre

at x

Fly

ash

= 0

.40

2T

reat

= 0

.13

8,

Fly

ash

= 0

.113

; T

reat

x F

ly a

sh =

0.2

76


able

4.

Eff

ect

of f

ly a

sh (

P)

on

nu

mb

er o

f fl

ow

erin

g a

nd

fru

itin

g o

f ch

ick

pea

in

pre

sen

ce a

nd

ab

sen

ce o

f M

. in

cog

nit

a (

Mi)

an

d R

. le

gu

min

o-

saru

m (

R)

CD

at

P=

0.0

5,

Tre

at =

0.5

76

; F

ly a

sh =

0.4

70

; T

reat

x F

ly a

sh =

1.1

52

Tre

at =

0.5

38

, F

ly a

sh =

0.4

39;

Tre

at x

Fly

ash

= 1

.07

6

Tab

le 5

.E

ffec

t o

f fl

y a

sh (

P)

on c

hlo

rop

hy

ll a

an

d b

of

chic

kp

ea i

n p

rese

nce

an

d a

bse

nce

of

M.

inco

gn

ita

(M

i) a

nd

R.

leg

um

ino

saru

m (

R)

CD

at

P=

0.0

5,

Tre

at =

83

.87

6;

Fly

ash

= 6

8.4

85

; T

reat

x F

ly a

sh =

16

7.7

52

Tre

at =

0.0

42

, F

ly a

sh =

0.0

34;

Tre

at x

Fly

ash

= 0

.08

4

Tab

le 6

.E

ffec

t o

f fl

y a

sh (

P)

on t

otal

ch

loro

ph

yll

an

d c

arot

eno

id c

onte

nt

of l

eave

s of

ch

ick

pea

in

pre

sen

ce a

nd

ab

sen

ce o

f M

. in

cog

nit

a (

Mi)

an

d R

.

leg

um

ino

saru

m (

R)

CD

at

P=

0.0

5,

Tre

at =

0.0

40

3 F

ly a

sh =

0.0

32

9; T

reat

x F

ly a

sh =

0.0

80

5T

reat

= 0

.00

99

, F

ly a

sh =

0.0

08

1;

Tre

at x

Fly

ash

= 0

.01

98


able

7.

Eff

ect

of f

ly a

sh (

P)

on

sol

ub

le a

nd

in

solu

ble

pro

tein

con

ten

ts o

f se

eds

of c

hic

kp

ea i

n p

rese

nce

an

d a

bse

nce

of

M.

inco

gn

ita

(M

i) a

nd

R.

leg

um

ino

saru

m (

R)

CD

at

P=

0.0

5,

Tre

at =

0.2

51F

ly a

sh =

.0

.205

; T

reat

x F

ly a

sh =

0.5

03

Tre

at =

0.2

98

, F

ly a

sh =

0.2

44

; T

reat

x F

ly a

sh =

0.5

97

Tab

le 8

.E

ffec

t of

fly

ash

(P

) o

n t

otal

pro

tein

con

ten

t o

f se

eds

and

nit

rog

en c

onte

nt

of

leav

es o

f ch

ick

pea

in

pre

sen

ce a

nd

ab

sen

ce o

f M

. in

cog

nit

a

(Mi)

an

d R

. le

gu

min

osa

rum

(R

)

CD

at

P=

0.0

5, T

reat

= 0

.54

9,F

ly a

sh =

. 0

.449

; T

reat

x F

ly a

sh =

1.0

99

Tre

at =

0.0

74,

Fly

ash

= 0

.06

1;

Tre

at x

Fly

ash

= 0

.14

9

* =

dat

a si

gn

ific

ant

wit

h 0

% f

ly a

sh a

nd

at

P t

reat

men

t o

nly

at

P =

0.0

5n

s =

No

t si

gn

ific

ant

@ =

dat

a si

gnif

ican

t w

ith

in a

col

um

n a

t P

=0

.05

# =

dat

a si

gn

ific

ant

in a

raw

at

P =

0.0

5P

= c

hick

pea

pla

nt,

R =

Rhi

zob

ium

leg

um

ino

saru

m,

Mi

= M

elo

ido

gyn

e in

cog

nit

a


ReferencesAdriano, D.C., A.L. Page, A.L. Elseewi, A.C.

Chang and J.A. Straughan, 1980. Utilizationand disposal of fly ash and other coal residuesin terrestrial ecosystems: A review. J. Environ.Qual. 9: 333-344.

Druzina, V.D., E.D. Miroshracheuko and O.D.Chertov, 1983.Effect of industrial pollution onnitrogen and ash content in meadow phyto-coenotic plants.BotanizhnylZhurnal. 68: 1853.

Eiceman, G.A. and V.J. Vandiver, 1983. Absorptionof polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fly ashfrom a municipal incinerator and a coal firedpower plant. Atmos Environ. 15: 247-259.

Elseewi, A.A., S.R. Grimm, A.L. Page and I.R.Straughan. 1981. Boron-enrichment of plantsand soils trated with coal ash. J. Plant Nutr. 3:409-427.

Fischer, R.A. 1950. Statistical Methods forResearch Workers (11thed.) Oliver and Boyd,Edinburgh.

Helder, T., E. Stutterheim and K. Olie. 1982. Thetoxicity and toxic potential of fly ash frommunicipal incinerators assessed by means of afish early life stage test. Chemosphere 11: 965-972.

Khan, M.R. and M.W. Khan 1996.The effect of flyash on plant growth and yield oftomato.Environ. Pollution 92: 105-111.

Khan, M.R., S.K. Singh and M.W. Khan. 1988.Response of lentil to cobalt as soil pollutant.Ann. Appl. Biol. (Supplement) TAC-9: 103-104.

Linder, R.C. 1944. Rapid analytical methods forsome of the more common inorganicconstituents of plant tissue.Plant Physiol. 19:76-89.

Lowry, O.H., M.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr and R.J.Randoll. 1951. Protein measurement with folinphenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.

Mackinney, G. 1941. Absorption of light ofchlorophyll solution.J Biol. Chem. 140: 315-322.

Maclachlan, S and S Zalik. 1963. Plastid structure,chlorophyll concentration and free amino acidcomposition of chlorophyll mutant of barley.Can. J. Bot. 41: 1053-1062.

Martens, D.C. and B.R. Beahm. 1978. Chemicaleffects on plant growth of fly ash incorporationinto soil. In: Environmental Chemistry andCycling Processes. EDRA, Symp. Ser. Conf.760429, U.S. Dept. Commerce, Springfield,V.A., USA.

Mishra, L.C. and K.N. Shukla 1986.Effects of flyash deposition on growth metabolism and drymatter production of maize andsoyabeanEnviron.Pollution. 42: 1-13.

Siddiqui, ZA. And Singh, L.D. 2005. Effects of flyash, Pseudomonas striata and Rhizobium on thereproduction of nematode Meloidogyneincognita and on the growth and transpirationof pea Journal of Environmental Biology, 26/1: 117-122.

Siddiqui, Z.A. and Singh, L.P. 2005. Effects of flyash and soil microorganisms on plant growth,photosynthetic pigments and leaf blight ofwheat. Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenkrakheiten andPflanzenshutz, 112(2): 146-155.

Singh, K., M.W. Khan and M.R. Khan. 1994.Growth and root-knot disease of soyabeanunder the stress of fly ash. In: EmergingTechnologies in Environmental ConservationNational Symposium (Abs), JamiaHamdardand Eco-Transformation Centre, New Delhi,India.

Singh, K., Khan, A.A., Rizvi, I.R. and Saquib, M.2010. Morphological and biochemicalresponses of cowpea (cv. PusaBarsati) grownon fly ash amended soil in presence and absenceof Meloidogynejavanica and Rhizobiumleguminosarum. Ecoprint, 17: 17-22.

Wong, M.H. and J.W.C. Wong. 1986. Effects offly ash on soil microbial activity. Environ.Pollution 40: 127-144.

[ 19 ]

ABSTRACT

PROBLEMS OF MARKETING INAGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES, REWA DISTRICT

Dr. Sanjay ShankarMishra* Dr. Sanjay Pathak**

Entrepreneurs are facing many hurdles for smooth running ofindustries. The number of units are increasing day by day. The ownerswant to earn sufficient money for running their business. They are notable to give more margins to the retailers. Many salesmen are not happywith the commission. The number of industries are increasing so theyare not able to earn more profit margins. The owners provide manyconcessions to the customers. The entrepreneur sells agro products oncredit basis. The roads are not good in rural areas so it very difficult todeliver products timely. The problems also rise due to perishable natureof products. Many enterprises are not financial sound to cross boundaryof the district. They are not interested either for target market or marketsegmentation and are happy in selling in their local markets. There is noproper arrangement for inventory, transport, warehouse and they do notwant to adopt modern method of distribution. Fluctuation in the marketarises due change in the rate of raw materials. They are not able to makegood combination of different tools of promotion. They are not very seriousabout packaging. Entrepreneurs are not happy with subsidy rate. Manyproblems arise in obtaining it. The owners provide cash discount forreceiving promptly payment. It is difficult to obtain credit from thefinancial institutes due to cumbersome process of obtaining it andrepayment terms are not in favour of owners. They depend on agents forselling their products who search for customers and solve their various

* Professor & Head (Commerce Deptt.), Govt. T. R. S. (Auto.) College , Rewa (M.P.)** Asst. Prof., Shepa, Varanasi

SH

O

DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



problems. They use mainly trucks for transportation. Agents are exploiting

the owners of rural area. There is no proper marketing channel and

marketing organization. Multiplicity of taxes, local taxes is problems

for the owners of small scale enterprises. They are also not interested in

market research. The owners who are grinding paddy of the government

have to give 65 to 68 percent rice according to agreement. The problems

arise when quality of paddy is not good. There is different wages and

salaries in different small units. The rules in different state are different

which also affect cost.

(I) INTRODUCTIONMarketing is important for attracting and

retaining customers. In present scenariosatisfaction of customer is necessary forrunning business. Many problems arise in themarketing of the products. Entrepreneurshave to focus on the marketing as there is somany products in the markets. The ownersare facing many problems in the markets.More and more new industries are comingso it is not possible to earn maximum profit.Entrepreneurs are bound to provide cashdiscount for retaining customers. This helpin receiving promptly payment and also inbulk selling. Mostly entrepreneurs in thisdistrict are dependent on agents for sellingtheir products. The owner has to sold theirproducts on credit and has to providecommission to the agents. This commissioneffect profit of the enterprises. Entrepreneursare not interested in marketing. Many of themare not financial sound to cross the boundaryof the district or think for advertising. Thewell known enterprises keep their price lessthan other for maximizing their sales volume.The fluctuation occurs in the cost of theproducts due to change in the price of rawmaterials. The owners are not happy with

capital investment subsidy. The procedure ofobtaining loan from financial institutes istough. The repayment terms are not favorablefor entrepreneurs. There is shortage of goodmarkets. The industries in rural areas areexploited by agents. They are earning fromboth purchasers and sellers. There is shortageof cold storage and transport facility.Fluctuations in the electricity create problemsin production work. The government is notsupporting small units in proper way. Thecost of production in small scale enterprisesis more which also effect profit of theenterprises. The problems like low quality,faulty organization, poor standard effectmarketing. Entrepreneurs are not interestedin marketing research. The raw materials arenot cheaply available in all seasons for smallindustries.

(II) LESS PROFIT AND CASHDISCOUNT

The owners of small scale units arefacing many problems, though governmenthas formed many policies in favour of them.The small scale industries are increasing dayby day. Entrepreneurs want to earn profitfrom their business. The middlemen are also


increasing day by day in business and theywant to earn maximum money. Bakeryindustries give margin of Rs. 2 and Rs. 1 onbread of Rs. 18 and Rs. 12 respectively toretailers. The percentage of profit is not veryhigh. Salesmen are also not providedsufficient commission. The dal mills sell onmargin of 1 to 2 percent. The owners ofdairies charge 8 to 11 percent margin. Thebakeries who have good reputation in themarkets charge around 20% profit marginfrom customers.

Many agro-based industries provideconcessions to customer who purchases inbulk quantity. The owners also give discountfor receiving payment promptly. Many ricemills, dal mills and other sells their productson credit basis .Some units focus on qualityand not provide any discount. It is foundduring survey reputed units like good willbakers (bread) provide commission to thesalesmen. The jeet industries (flour mill) andbake bihari industries (rice mill and dal mill)situated in udyog vihar industrial areaChorahata provides 1 and 2 percentrespectively cash discount to buyers.

(III) DEPENDENCE ON AGENTSAgents have big role in the agro-based

industries. The owners of dal mill are totallydepending on them which effect profit of theenterprises. Brokers maintain cordialrelationship between purchasers and sellers.They collect payment from buyers andprovide to the owners. They also provideinformation about the markets. Thecommission rate varies from broker to broker.These commissions affect working ofenterprise. The poha mills provide 1percentcommission to brokers. The rate of

commission also varies from one unit toanother. Some rice mill provide commissionsof about 5 Rs. per quintal to the brokers whilesome dal mill give commission of 7Rs. perquintal to brokers. The commission of agentreduce profit of the units. The agents alsomanage for transportation.

The rice mills in Chorahata industrialarea deliver their products in 2 to 3 days. Theyuse trucks for delivering rice. The rice aredelivered with six and ten wheeler truckswhose capacity to load is about 9 and 15 tonsrespectively. When charge of transportincreases than profit of the units are affected.Salesmen deliver breads through autorickshaw, motor cycle or cycle.

(IV) DISTRIBUTION STRATEGYThe owners of agro-based industries are

not serious for their distribution purpose.They are not interested in market survey. Itis important to keep all information aboutcustomers. In Rewa district owners are notinterested in market segmentation. They donot want to search potential markets. Theyare happy in selling products through agentsin local and nearby markets.

It is the general habit that people wantconvenience in purchasing products. Theowner of small scale industries not want toadopt new pattern of distribution system. Thestandard of work is not good in someindustries. In this district some owner arefully dependent on agents. They have fulltrust on them. There is no planning fortransportation, inventories and warehousesetc. The middlemen want maximum benefitsfrom owners. The agents demand moneyfrom both buyers and sellers. Rice mills, dalmills sell 75 percent products on credit basis.


It is very difficult to sell product of rice millsand dal mills without brokers. They areimportant because they manage for buyersand charge their commission.

The delivery time of products dependson distance from the industries to the marketwhere to deliver. The popular bakery unitslike Pasand bread deliver products in longdistances like Siddhi district. Breads,biscuits, buns etc are perishable products sothey have to deliver in timely. The freshnessof products effected due to delay inprocessing orders. The condition of roads arenot good in some area. Delay in deliveringof orders create problem for customer. Theymay purchase product of other brands sothere is chance of losing them. When distancebetween small scale industries and marketsincreases transaction period of money alsoaffected. The problems arise in marketing dueto unavailability of markets. Agents areearning in selling products. Industries in ruralarea are exploited by them. Some agro-basedunits are not conscious about quality.

The problems come in marketingbecause products are not standard quality. InRewa district many owner of industries havenot adequate marketing knowledge andquality system. It is general thing that smallscale industries sell their product to largeindustries due to absence of marketingchannel. Small scale units have impropermarketing organization.

(V) UNSUITABLE PRICESTRATEGYIt is better to consider situation of

markets for pricing products. The owner ofsmall scale units follow traditional method.They focus on competitor’s policies and on

substitutes. In Rewa district there is lack ofintegrated approach for pricing strategy. Theprominent rice mills keep their prices lessthan others for obtaining more profits. Theywant to take steps for the convenient ofcustomers. The broker sells product wherethey get good rate. There is no stability inthe market. Entrepreneurs change rate ofproducts due to change in price of rawmaterial. The rice mills sell 75 percentproduct on credit basis. In bakeries 30 to 40percent biscuits sold on credits. Chana andarhar dal are also sold on credit basis. Theprofit of the units affected due to inability toforecast demand. There is no stability in theprice of raw materials hence price fluctuatesin market. A large number of people in ourcountry have habit of eating fresh fruits andvegetable so domestic demand of processedfoods is not good. There is also lack ofinfrastructure for the industries in rural area.In many units there are no skilled labour andworking capital is required.

(VI) PROMOTIONAL AND CREDITFACILITIES

Mostly small scale units in Rewa districtnot produce on large scale. They are not sofinancial sound to make appropriatecombination of different tools of promotion.Many owners are satisfied with theirtraditional pattern. Some prominent units areplanning for advertising.

This is necessary for attracting peopleas well as provide assurance for quality andquantity. In small scale unit owners not focuson comprehensive policy for packagingpurpose. The selection of packaging materialsdepends on product characteristic, transport,consumer and others. In Rewa district some


owners are not serious about packaging theynot think for convenient of customers.Breads, biscuits, buns require properprotection and preservation. Agro productsare perishable so there is problem inprotecting them. The government providesinterest subsidy and capital investmentsubsidy. There are also some eligibilitycriteria for obtaining it. Some time clerks notcooperate in office. They have inadequateknowledge of finance management. There isno sound finance planning in industries.

The owners face problem due tounavailability of credit in time. The financialinstitutions follow many formalities andcumbersome process for providing credit.Entrepreneurs have no information aboutrecent schemes and conditions such aseligibility criteria, repayment term, creditlimit, rate of interest and accountingprocedure. Some time problem comes inprocess of production due to short age offunds. Entrepreneurs are not able to takebenefit from markets due to lack of marketingknowledge.

The owner of rice and dalmills are notsatisfied with government policy. There areno proper roads for prompt delivery andpower fluctuation also create problem. Thecost of production in small scale industriesare higher than large scale industries due todifference in availability of machines. Theyare not able to sell heavily due to shortage ofadvertisements.

Traditional methods of production arefollowed in mostly small scale industries. InRewa district about 10 to 15 percent of thefood grains are lost due to obsoletetechnology. There are no good training

facilities in the small scale industries.Multiplicity of taxes, local taxes are alsoproblem for owners of small scale industries.Essential commodities act also create hurdlesas it restricts movements from one state toanother. There is shortage of trained peopleand training centers for marketing.

(VII) OTHER PROBLEMSThe owners are not interested in market

research. Raw materials which are used inagro-based industries are cheaply availablein particular season. The industries which arefinancially sound purchase raw materialsfrom farmers and other sources. The ownersof many industries are not economical soundthat they purchase raw material for a year andstore them. Some small scale industriesproduce good quality products for selling inlocal markets. In Rewa entrepreneur sellthrough their personal contacts so they notrequire promotional activities. Thoughadvertisement enhances sells but hereownerconsider it as wastage of money.

Some owners of agro-based industriesobtain paddy from government forprocessing. The state government providesRs15 per quintal as processing charge ofpaddy.The owners are not satisfied with thisrate because government in other stateprovide more rate for processing. The ownersare not happy with variation in processingrate. The other problem is that the unit has togive about 65 to 68 percent rice according toagreement after grinding paddy. When qualityof paddy is not good then it is difficult togive require quantity of rice.

The owner charge Rs. 40 to 60 perquintal from farmers for processing paddy.The profit of owner reduces when they take


away bran for their cattle. The other problemarises when trucks loaded with rice is nottimely unloaded in government go down.Trucks owner charge Rs. 500 to 1000 per dayfrom the unit due to delay in unloadingtrucks. There are different wages and salariesin different small scale units. This raisesdiscontent among people working in differentunits. In some units entrepreneurs have toprovide regular salary to their machineoperators and other people even when thereis no work. This is due to shortage of skilledworkers and machine operators. This effectprofit of the enterprises. There is no properarrangement of training for the owners.Financing institutions are not providingtimely help to the owners. The taxes inmarket of Rewa is different from West Bengaland Bihar where 85 percent pulses aresupplied.

Many owner of dalmills purchase fromfarmer through auction bid. Farmers bringchana in mandi and they sell to those ownerswho provide them good price. Some timeowner have to pay highest rate which alsoaffect profit. The quality of products is majorfactor in pricing. The owner provides cashdiscount for those buyers who purchase inlarge quantity and give order in advance. Theowners consider customer, supplier,competition, government rule and regulationfor fixing price. The development ofindustries create job, leads to diversificationand enhances demand for raw materials. Thischanges physical infrastructure of backwardareas. There are various problems intransport, storing, marketing, credit,packaging etc.

It is require to take fresh look andunderstand agro-based industries for takingcollective steps for developments ofindustries. This is necessary to search rootlevel problems and solve them throughcollective efforts. Processing industries bringlinkage between farm products andindustries. In some units there is high labourintensity and require efficient marketing forowner and consumer. The owner wants toreceive profit from their products and onother hand consumer true value of theirmoney. Due to commission of middlemencost of the product rises. There is shortageof good markets in the district. Entrepreneursare not interested in sound finance planning.Many rice mills are unable to run throughoutyear due to unavailability of adequate paddy.Some units are not satisfied with governmentpolicy and power supply. In udyog viharindustrial area some units are facingproblems of drainage system. The ownersmainly take responsibility of important tasks.Many units are not directly contacted withcustomers. They prefer agents to sellproducts. The owners of bakery, dairy, oil millprovide many facilities to their customers.They want maintain cordial relationship withcustomers. They do not want to adopt modernmethod they are satisfied with theirtraditional way. Some unit spends on salepromotion. They give advertisements in newspaper and television. There is no propermanagement in many units. The owners ofdairies and bakeries want to sell through retailcounter for obtaining maximum profit. Theyalso provide many facilities to middlemen.Entrepreneurs made their objective accordingto their requirement.


(VIII) CONCLUSIONThe owners are bound to provide cash

discount for surviving in the markets. It isnot possible to earn maximum profit due tolarge number of small scale industries. Thereare so many entrepreneurs who are not inposition that they think for advertising. Manyof them are not interested to spend onmarketing. They are satisfied with theirconditions and following old trends. Manyindustries are totally dependent on brokersfor selling products.The commission ofbrokers effect profit of the enterprises. Theproduction work in the units effected due tofluctuation in the supply of electricity. Thereare shortages for the labourers in someseason. Entrepreneurs sell their products oncredit basis. There is shortage of suitablemarkets for selling different items.Entrepreneurs are happy in local selling fromtheir personnel contacts. Entrepreneurs spendlot of money for protecting perishable itemsof the unit.

REFERENCE1. Mishra S.K,Puri V. K. Puri, Problems of

Indian Economy, Himalaya PublishingHouse, Mumbai,2000.

2. Dagar Inderjeet, Personnel Problems and itsManagement in Small Scale Industry, Deepand Deep Publications, New Delhi.

3. Agarwal A.N, Indian Agriculture problems,progress and propects Vikash PublishingHouse Private Limited, New Delhi,1980.

4. Agarwal A.N, Indian Economy: Problemsof development and planning, WiswaPrakashan,New Delhi,1997.

5. Joshi.V.K,Management of IndusrialSickness, K uber Associate and Publishers,Jaipur,1987.

6. P andeyM ukesh,T iwari Deepali, The Agribusiness Book: A marketing and valuechain, ibdc P ublishers,L ucknow,2010.

7. Saxena Rajan, Marketing Management,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing CompanyLimited ,NewDelhi,2002.

8. Bala Shashi, Management of Small ScaleIndustries, Deep and Deep Publications,New Delhi.

[ 26 ]

ABSTRACT

HUMAN RESOURCE CONDITIONS ANDEMPLOYER'S MOTIVATION IN SBI AND ICICI BANKS

Indu Singh* Dr. RafiqurRehman**

Human values are associated with regional, sectorial cultural anddeep seated religious beliefs in India. According to this concept employerprovides welfare facilities to the employees for higher motivation. Thereligious and humanitarian concept, on the belief that employeespossesses certain inalienable right as human beings and it is the duty ofemployer to protect human rights It is significant as brings mental peaceand stability in thinking and feelings and a source of inspiration. Allmanufacturing and non-manufacturing organizations are primarily socialsystem increase in productivity entirely based on physical, social andpsychological needs of the workers. The findings of Hawthorneexperiments are being used to solve various socio-psychological problemsof workers in various organizations. Managers must use socio-psychological tools which are more effective than financial one’s.Individual and family prestige, mutual respect, mutual understanding,may prove effective tool in motivating a large Indian workforce in businessorganizations.

Key words : Job satisfaction, achievement, training development,HRM

Measures of Human ResourceDevelop-ment

The concept of Human ResourceDevelopment United Nation DevelopmentProgramme, human development report(1997) describe as “the process of widening

people’s choices and the level of well-beingthey achieve are at the core of the nation ofHuman development. Such theories areneither finite non static. The three importantchoices for employees are lead long andhealthy life; to acquire knowledge; to have

* 'Research Scholar, Department of Business Administration, R.B.S. College, Agra** Assistant Professor, Department of Management, D.S. College, Aligarh.

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access to the resources needed for a decentstandard of living.

This is not the end of Human ResourceDevelopment however other choices highlyvalued by many employees range frompolitical, economic and social freedom toopportunities for being creative and effectivein accepting challenges; productive andenjoying Self respect guaranteed humanrights.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY1. Comparison of HR Practices in SBI

& ICICI and to suggest which is better andwhy.

2. To suggest ways and means for betterimplementation of HR Practices.

3. To examine the progress of bankingindustry in India.

4. To offer suitable suggestions for theeffective functioning of public and privatesector banks.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The nature of my research is such that itwould depend upon both primary andsecondary data. Primary data would becollected in the form of questionnaire dulyfilled by employees of both SBI and ICICIand personal interviews conducted with theofficials and employees of both theorganizations. The secondary data would bein the form of annual reports, departmentalcirculars, and website postings of theseorganizations. Various mathematical andstatistical tools would be used where ever andwhenever required.

Area of Study: This study wasconducted in four cities of U.P. for thepurpose of primary data collection.

Selection of Banks : Among publicsector Banks SBI Bank and among private

sector banks ICICI bank have been selectedfor the purpose of study because these bankshave comparatively more number ofbranches in Uttar Pradesh and in the selecteddistricts Aligarh, Agra, Mathura andFirozabad.

Details of Selected Banks

Name of

Districts

SBI Bank ICICI Bank

No. of

Branches

No. of

employees

No. of branches No. of

employees

Aligarh 38 335 3 35

Mathura 44 415 4 44

Agra 64 864 8 111

Firozabad 20 187 2 23

Source : Compiled from Bank ManualsSources of Data : The study is based

on both primary and secondary data.Primary & Secondary Data : The

primary data were collected throughstructured questionnaire. The requiredsecondary data were collected from varioussources like books, newspapers, journals,magazines, RBI Reports, Annual reports ofSBI and ICICI Banks, publications etc.

Sample Size of the Study: 102Sampling Techniques: The

methodology followed for collecting data,selection of sample and analysis of data is asfollows –

Data Collection Techniques: Thequestionnaire has been designed and suppliedto the respondents (employees) of both SBIand ICICI banks for collecting primary data.

Tools for Analysis: Simple randomsampling technique has been used forcollecting primary data and percentageanalysis technique has been used forcomparison. Percentage analysis refers to aspecial kind of ratio, used to compare two ormore series of data and also to describe therelations. Since the percentage reduces


everything to a common base and therebyallow meaningful comparison to be made.

Generally speaking, professionalsworking within the HRM department musthave excellent people skills although this ismore so with those particularly working inthe HRD section. The HRD section needs tohave professionals with impeccable peoplemanagement skills as they need to be able torealize talent within people from a crosssection of backgrounds. The HRD section isconcerned with identifying strengths andweaknesses among different employees anddevising training means that aim at makingthose skills complement the other.

HRD aims at developing a superiorworkforce so that the company and individualemployees may achieve their work goals inthe customers' service. It can take on a formalapproach as in a classroom or laboratorytraining in a case where it may apply. It mayalso take the informal route where anemployee receives coaching or simplementorship from his superior, usually amanager.

Some people distinguish a differencebetween HRM (a major managementactivity) and HRD (a profession). Thesepeople might include HRM & HRD,explaining that HRD includes the broaderrange of activities to develop personnel insideof the organizations including e.g. CareerDevelopment, Training, OrganizationalDevelopment (OD), etc.

There is a long standing argument aboutwhere HR-related functions should beorganized into large organizations e.g.“Should HR is in the OD department or theother way around?”

The HRM function includes a variety ofactivities, and key among them is decidingwhat staffing needs you have and whether touse independent contractors or hireemployees to fill these needs, recruiting andtraining the best employees, ensuring they arehigh performers, dealing with performanceissues, and ensuring your personnel andmanagement practices conform to variousregulations. Activities also include managingyour approach to employee benefits,compensation, employee records, andpersonnel policies. Usually small businesses(for profit or non-profit) have to carry outthese activities themselves because theycannot afford part or full time help. However,they should always ensure that employeeshave and are aware of personnel policieswhich conform to current regulations. Thesepolicies are often in the form of employeemanuals, which all employees have.

The HRM (Function) and IIRD(Profession) have undergone tremendouschange over the past 20-30 years. Many yearsago, large organizations looked to the“Personnel Department”, mostly manage thepaperwork around hiring and paying people.More recently, organizations consider the“HR Department”. As playing a major rolein staffing, training, and helping to managepeople so that people and the organizationare performing at maximum capability in ahighly fulfilling manner.

In recent years there has been a suddenspurt in the no. of organizations deciding toappoint HRD managers. However, manypeople are not clear as to what is thedifference between personnel & HRDfunctions. Basically, HR consists of the valueof productive capacity of a firm's human


Unfreezing the old values

Development of new values

Refreezing the new ones

organization. HRD efforts aim at providingconditions in which the employees canimprove their skill, knowledge, energy andtalent, which in turn may lead to improvedproductivity. Basically, the main areas whichhave to be managed by HRD people are:

Managing succession politics, Managing appraisal politics, Managing the reward system, Distribution of power across groups, Balancing power across groups, Influencing the key people.It will be primary responsibility of the

HRD people to develop the right kind ofvalues and norms to be followed by anorganization.

“HRM is that part of managementconcerned with people at work and with theirrelationship within an enterprise. Its aim isto bring together and develop into effectiveorganization the men and women who makeup an enterprise and having regard for thewellbeing of an individual and of workinggroups, to enable them to make their bestcontribution to its success”.In summarizedform:

1. HRD is a sub section of HRM, i.e.HRD is a section with the department ofHRM.

2. HRM deals with all aspects of thehuman resources function while HRD onlydeals with thedevelopment part.

3. HRM is concerned with recruitment,rewards among others while HRD isconcerned withemployee skills development.

4. HRM functions are mostly formalwhile HRD functions can be informal likementorships.

Procedure of Sensitivity TrainingSensitivity Training Program requires

three steps:1. Unfreezing the old values- It requires

thatthe trainees become aware of theinadequacy of the old values. This can bedone when the trainee faces dilemma inwhich his old values is not able to provideproper guidance. The first step consists of asmall procedure :

An unstructured group of 10-15people is formed.

Unstructured group without anyobjective looks to the trainer for its guidance.

But the trainer refuses to provideguidance and assume leadership.

Soon, the trainees are motivated toresolve the uncertainty.

Then, they try to form some hierarchy.Some try assuming leadership role whichmay not beliked by other trainees.

Then, they started realizing that whatthey desire to do and realize the alternativeways ofdealing with the situation.

Procedure of Sensitivity Training


Harassment of women at workplace and for

the prevention and redressal of complaints

of sexual harassment and for matters

connected therewith or incidental thereto was

revised / upgraded to incorporate the

requirements as per the Act passed in

Parliament. The Bank has a zero tolerance

towards sexual harassment at workplaces and

has put in place appropriate mechanism to

ensure that women work with dignity and

without fear. At present, the strength of

women employees in the total workforce of

the Bank is 45,132 which constitute more

than 20% of the total staff strength (Annual

report of SBI 2014).

Table No. 1 : Opinion about Career

Opportunities from knowledge gained

Opinion SBI ICICI

Sample

size

Percentag

e(%)

Sample

size

Percentag

e(%)

Strongly

disagree

7 6.86 9 8.82

Disagree 32 31.37 17 16.67

Uncertain 13 12.75 69 67.65

Agree 44 43.14 7 6.86

Strongly

agree

6 5.88 - -

Total 102 100% 102 100%

Source: Field Study

2. Development of new values - Withthe trainer's support, trainees begin toexamine theirinterpersonal behavior andgiving each other feedback. The reasoningof the feedbacks arediscussed whichmotivates trainees to experiment with rangeof new behaviors and values.This processconstitutes the second step in the changeprocess of the development of thesevalues.

3. Refreezing the new ones - This stepdepends upon how much opportunity thetrainees getto practice their new behaviorsand values at their work place.

Employee WelfareThe SBI has introduced a number of

welfare schemes to improve the quality ofwork life of the employees. These schemesinclude canteen facilities, educationscholarship to children of employees, SBIemployee’s mutual welfare scheme, festivaladvances, etc.

Now a day, before the beginning of eachyear SBI, preferably along with the Budgetsettlement discussion, the appraisee and theappraiser will identify the key performanceareas for the year as also specific, quantified/

observable objectives under each of theidentified Key Performance Areas (KPA).The identified and agreed KPA and objectiveswill be recorded in a settlement form, induplicate and signed by both the appraiseeand the appraiser. A copy of this form willbe retained by the appraiser and the originalbeing given to the appraisee.

Status of Women at workplace :The existing policy of the Bank

providing for protection against Sexual


It can be inferred from the table that,among the SBI Bank respondents 43.14%agreed that they have better opportunitieswith the knowledge gained during training,followed by 31.37% disagreed, 12.75% saidit as uncertain, 6.86% strongly disagreed and5.88% strongly agreed.

Whereas among the respondents ofICICI Bank, a majority of 67.65%showeduncertainity about having betteropportunities with the knowledge gained

during training, followed by 16.67%disagreed, 8.82% strongly disagreed and6.86% agreed about the better opportunities.

Table No. 2Opinion about Career Progress

Opinion SBI ICICI

Sample

size

Percentage

(%)

Sample

size

Percentage

(%)

Strongly

disagree

13 12.75 6 5.88

Disagree 11 10.78 4 3.92

Uncertain 5 4.90 74 72.56

Agree 71 69.61 11 10.78

Strongly

agree

2 1.96 7 6.86

Total 102 100% 102 100%

Source: Field Study

It can be seen from the table that, amongthe SBI Bank respondents, majority 69.61%

agreed that they have better career progressafter training, followed by 12.75% stronglydisagreed, 10.78% disagreed, 4.90% statedit as uncertain and 1.48% strongly agreed.

Whereas among the respondents ofICICI Bank, a majority 72.56% stated it asuncertain about having better career progressafter training, followed by 10.78% agreed,6.86% strongly agreed, 5.88% stronglydisagree and 3.92% disagreed.

Table No. 3Frequency of Performance Appraisal

Opinion SBI ICICI

Sample

size

Percentage

(%)

Sample

size

Percentage

(%)

Quarterly 4 3.92 0 0

Half yearly 9 8.82 9 8.82

Yearly 86 84.32 70 68.63

Never 3 2.94 23 22.55

Total 102 100% 102 100%

Source: Field Study

It can be observed from the table that,among the respondents from SBI Bank,majority 82.35% stated that they faceunpleasant situations with public in the banknow and then, followed by 12.75% said thatthey face unpleasant situations frequently and4.90% of the respondents stated that theynever faced unpleasant situations with public


in the bank. Whereas among ICICI Bankrespondents, 68.63% stated they faceunpleasant situations with public in the banknow and then, followed by 21.57% expressedthat they never faced such situations and9.80% of the respondents stated that they faceunpleasant situations with public in the bankfrequently.

Table No. 4Criteria for Performance Appraisal

Criteria SBI ICICI

Sample

size

Percentage

(%)

Sample

size

Percentage

(%)

Performance 69 67.65 69 67.65

Personal traits 15 14.70 6 5.88

Skills 18 17.65 27 26.47

Total 102 100% 102 100%

Source: Field Study

It can be observed from the table that,

majority of the respondents from SBI Bank,

67.65% stated that the criteria for appraising

the performance is the employee

performance, followed by 17.65% stated it

as employee skills and 14.70% specified it

as personality traits.

Whereas among ICICI Bank, 67.65% of

the respondents stated that the criteria for

performance appraisal is employee

performance only and 26.47% of the

respondents said that it as employee skills

and 5.88% stated as personality traits.

Table No. 5

Satisfaction Level towards

Canteen Facility

Satisfaction

level

SBI ICICI

Sample

size

Percentage

(%)

Sample

size

Percentage

(%)

Satisfied 49 48.04 25 24.51

To some extent 18 17.65 68 66.67

Dissatisfied 35 34.31 9 8.82

Total 102 100% 102 100%

Source: Field Study

It can be observed from the table that,

among the respondents from SBI Bank,

48.04% were satisfiedwith canteen facility,

followed by 34.31% who showed

dissatisfaction and 17.65% stated that they

were satisfied to some extent regarding

canteen facility.

Whereas among ICICI Bank

respondents, majority 66.67% stated canteen

facility as satisfied to some extent, followed

by 24.51% stated their satisfaction and 8.82%

rated their dissatisfaction.

Conclusion :From the above data and findings,

following conclusions are drawn:


ICICI Bank is having young anddynamic staff in comparison to SBIStaff.

Besides merit, there are other methodsfor getting selected in both public andprivate sector banks but percentage isgreater in nationalized banks.

Attitude of private sector employeestowards the nature of work is morepositive than that of nationalized bankemployees.

Employees of private sector bank aremore comfortable with their workconditions than the employees ofnationalized bank.

There are more chances for privatesector bank’s employees for promotionsin work as compare to the employees ofnationalized banks.

The employees of both SBI Bank andICICI Banks are very much satisfiedwith their bank job.

Private sector bank’s authorities aremuch more concerned for motivation ofthe employees than that of nationalizedbanks.

100% of the respondents from both SBIand ICICI Bank claimed that they haveattended Training and DevelopmentProgrammes.

There are more Training& Developmentprogrammes conducted in private banksfor employees rather than nationalizedbank.

Private bank employees are more seriousfor Training programmesthannationalized bank’s employees.

Private bank are equipped with latestteaching aids than nationalized bank.

Nationalized bank’s employees havebetter career progress after training incomparison to Private Sector Banks.

Performance appraisal is more frequentin nationalized bank in comparison ofprivate sector bank.

In both public and private bank mainperformance appraisal criteria isemployee’s performance but privatesector bank also considered employeesskills for appraisal.

Canteen facilities provided by privatebank are better than nationalized Banks.

Employees of public bank are muchsatisfied with travelling allowance, ascompare to private bank’s employees.

Work environment of private Bank isbetter than that of nationalized Banks.

Nationalized bank ishaving morequalified employees than private Bank.

Suggestions :For Nationalized (Public Sector) Banks1. Different sources of recruitment should

be adopted.2. They should take measures to remove

the opinion among the employees thatthere are other considerations for gettingselected besides of merit.

3. They should take corrective actions tochange the attitude of the employeestowards work and also to increase thelevel of interest towards work among theemployees.

4. Nationalized banks can provide betteropportunity to learn new skills with thehelp of training and educationprogrammes.

5. It should implement latest technologiesin Training & Developmentprogrammes.


6. It should take measures to modify theperformance appraisal systemsaccording to the present scenario.

For Private Banks1. Formal recruitment policies should be

adopted.2. It should increase number of training and

development programmes based onemployee cadre.

3. Supervisors must have a fair relationshipwith their employees to keep themsatisfied.

4. Long tenure of working in organizationincreases the job satisfaction ofemployee so they should try to stoplabour turnover.

5. Employee orientation program shouldalways be offered.

6. Financial and non-financial benefitsshould be extended.

Future ImplicationsIf the suggestions and recommendations

based on research findings use and practicein Bank of public and private banks will notonly bring efficiency and effectiveness in thefunctionings. All such issues related to HRmanagement, if implemented in true sensewould be instrumented for both employeesand management and that can also beextended to many more other Banks andindustrial organizations in the country. It isclear from the conclusion of the research thatmany Human resource related issues have notbeen the higher level of motivation of Bank

employees. Further research can also beconducted for the exploration of essentialelements to improve growth and productivityper man hour in Banking sector and otherindustrial and social organization in thecountry. The value of human resource maybe strengthened for the changing andchallenging jobs.

ReferencesRuddarDutta and K.P.M. Sundharam, Indian

Economy Human Resource

Development in India, 56thRevisededition, 2004-05, pp 66-67.

Kothari C.R. ,“Research Methodology”,Second Edition, New Age InternationalPvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Rao P Subba, “Human ResourceManagement “, First Edition-2010,Himalaya Publishing House.

Aswasthappa K., “Human ResourceManagement”, Fifth Edition, TataMcGraw Hill, Publishing House Ltd.,New Delhi.

Dwiwedi R.S., - Managing HumanResources, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.Ltd.

Gupta C.B.- Human Resource Management,5th Edition, Sultan Chand & SonsPublishing House.

Mirza and Saiyadin - Human ResourceManagement, Tata McGraw Hill,Publishing

[ 35 ]

HAND-PAINTED TEXTILESEXPRESSING EPIC ART : KALAMKARI

Ankita Agarwal* Dr. Indira Agrawal**

From the ancient times, humancivilization had an idea of painting. Theprimitive man expressed his thoughts on thewalls of caves through painting only. At thattime, it was the medium of communicationbut now painting has its own big world andcharm whether it’s on a canvas, paper or acloth.

“The Indian artist manifested theaesthetic perception of culture and traditionsby creating a harmony of visuals andemotions on extensive array of culture”.*1

It may be any surface from rocks towalls, cloth to metal surfaces, Indian artisthave showcased their artistic talent on everysurface. They have made themselves capableof doing any kind of painting. One of suchform of painting is of “KALAMKARI”.

Kalamkari is an art of hand paintedtextiles using natural dyes especially done oncotton fabrics. It is the very ancient form oftextile painting dating back to about 3000years. That is the reason it has its own heritagevalue. Kalamkari word derives from Persianword ‘Kalam’ or ‘ Qulum’ which means pen

used as an instrument for painting whereasKari is an urdu word which implies thecraftsmenship involved and together it makethe word “ Kalamkari”. The pen referred hereis made up of short pieces of bamboo or date-palm stick, shaped to form a nib. The earlyperiod of alliance between the Persian andIndian trade merchants was the cause of theorigin of this art form and its name.

“Percy Brown in Arts and Crafts ofIndia- a descriptive study, New Delhi, 1903mentions that Kalamkari during 18th centurywas practiced all over the Coromandal coaststretching from Machalipatnam at the northto southern parts of India, especially in areaslike kalahasti, Salem, Madura, Palakolu,Machalipatnam, Tanjore, Eleimbedu inChengalpet and in Cocanada districts”.*2

There is an interesting story about theorigin of Kalamkari paintings. It is believedthat in ancient times, group of singers,dancers, musicians and painters, calledChitrakattis, moved place to place in orderto tell the villagers about the stories of Hindumythologies such as Ramayana,

* Research Scholar, Shri JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, Mail Id:[email protected]

** Research Guide, Shri JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan

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Mahabharata etc. For this story telling, theyalso made large bolts of canvas painted withthese themes and with dyes extracted fromplants. And, thus kalamkari was born.

Some kalamkari textiles are totally hand-painted using organic colours and dyeswhereas some are made up of hand carvedblocks of designs but the most popular arethe one which are hand-painted. Due to thesedifferences, Kalamkari paintings are dividedinto three art styles. These art styles are asfollows-

1. Masulipatnam Style of Kalamkari2. Srikalahasti Style of Kalamkari3. Karrupur Style of KalamkariThe port town of Masulipatnam located

in northern Andhra Pradesh was a prominenttrading site along with Coromandal coast. Itwas under the Golconda Ruler QutabShahi,due to this reason it was influenced by Persianmotifs and design. It was also the ruler ofthe QutbShahi dynasty that gave this name“KALAMKARI”. But it is not the pure formof Kalamkari because the artist here uses thehand carved blocks for printing of outlinesas well as the main design on fabric. Nouniqueness remains in these designs becausethese blocks are used again and again. On alarger scale, they use Persian motifs likeinterlacing patterns of leaves and flowers, the

cartwheel, different forms of the lotus flower,creepers, birds like parrots and peacock etc.The most famous design is of the tree of lifewhich is highly demanded in bed linen,cushion covers, wall hangings and dressmaterials. During this period, there was a veryhigh demand of kalamkari by the people ofIran as Iran also became a dominant patronof the art form.

While the Srikalahasti style of kalamkarideveloped in the temple regions along withtheir patronage. As a result, this style ishaving a significant religious identity.Srikalahasti is located 37kms away fromTirupati in Chittoordistict in Andhra Pradesh.In this style, traditional themes from theepisodes of Hindu mythology epics ofMahabharata, Ramayana etc. were depicted.The motifs includes temple scenes,wallpanels, village scenes, images of deitieslike Rama, Krishna, Ganesha, Arjun. Thesepaintings are totally handmade fromsketching to dyeing, everything is done bythe artisans themselves, no machineries orblock are used. This makesSrikalahastikalamkari more precious andunique.

The third artstyle is known as Karrapurstyle of kalamkari which was developed inthe Thanjavur region during the Maratha rule.The difference found in their art work is theembellishment to the gold brocadework inthe woven fabric, which was used by royalfamily during the kingdom of Raja Sarfojiand later Raja Shivaji.

“Kalamkari art is entirely a handicraftusing natural or vegetable dyes and metallicsalts called mordants to fix the dye into thecotton fibres. An exact resist process,


complex and careful dyeing, sketching andpainting of the design and, occasionally, eventhe addition of gold or silver tinsel into it arethe other integral components of this art”.*3

Kalamkari art style uses a wide range ofnatural dyes extracted from dried leaves, barkof trees, flowers & leaves. These dyes give awide range of vibrant colourpallete of red,blue, white, black, yellow and green. Blackcolour is mostly used for outlining the design.Along with natural colours, metallic saltscalledmordants are also used to fix the dyein the cotton fibres.

Creating a kalamkari textile is a verylong process of dyeing again & again,mordanting, sketching, painting the designand washing it. There are many differentnames associated with kalamkari. Europeantrading merchants named it “Chintz” whichcame from the British.

“During the 19th century, Chintz orIndian painted/printed cotton cloth becamepopular in Europe. Originally, the termChintz implied a pattern created on cottonfabric with a bamboo pen or kalam and dyedwith mordants and resists”.*1

The Dutch called it “Sitz” whichportugesenamedas”Pintado”. There is alsoone more name “Jadupatuas or DuariPatuas”which is given to the artist who worked onthe Kalamkari painting scrolls.

Kalamkari art style flourishedthroughout the world and obtainedimpressive recognition as a medium ofcurrency used in the spice trade, even therewas a demand for ceremonial and ritualtextiles from Southeast Asia and Indonesia.Today in a large variety products made withKalamkari are available such as homefurnishing items, hanging, bedcovers, evenrugs, and theatre backdrops includingbeautiful saris. These all factors helped ininspiring the craftsmen for creating moreintricate & beautiful Kalamkari painting.

REFRENCES :1. www.Gujaratkalamkari.bolgspot.in2. www.India1001.com3. www.Chitrolekha.com4. www.wikipedia.com5. “Kalamkari” Traditional Indian Costumes

and Textiles,Bhatnagar, Parul. Retreived2004.

6. Kalamkari and traditional heritage of India,Ramani,Shakuntala, Wisdom Tree, 2007.

[ 38 ]

ABSTRACT

THE DIVERSITY OF THRIPS SPECIES(THYSANOPTERA : THRIPIDAE) EFFECT ON

ONION CROP, Allium cepa IN DISTRIC ALIGARH

Neetu Singh

A filed survey was carried out at the time of favorable growing sea-

son of onion for monitoring the infestation and abundance of thrips

(Thysanoptera) population in District Aligarh (U.P.). Five localities were

participated in our biological experimental survey these localities are

Dhanipur Mandi, Atrauli, Harduaganj, Gangheri and Nagla Brahman

or Baman Nagla. Data were collected from these selected localities on

the basis of high infestation level of thrips population. Result wise total

of four species of thrips were present such as, Frankliniella schultzei,

Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci in those

selected regions. Species of thrips severely attacked on young and ma-

ture plants of onion, Allium cepa. Due to the continuous infestation of

thrips cause serious damage to the production of the bulb by damaging

the epidermal cell of leaves which resulting in the necrosis of tissue,

wilted growth of flower and fruits, increased incidence of viral diseases

like Iris Yellow Spot (IYS) that cause green onions (scallions) to be un-

marketable and death of dry bulb or may be reduced its size and finally

yield loss.

Key words: favorable, Thysanoptera, Infestation, Necrosis, Thrips.

* J.J.T. University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India, E-mail : [email protected]

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Thrips belongs to the orderThysanoptera and suborder Terebrontia orTubilifera. They are the pests of vegetableswith about 5000 known species (Mound andKuo 1996). Many species of thrips are preadapted to an invasive life style. These small,opportunistic, vagile and ubiquitous insectsare often only a few millimeters or less inlength and generally brown, yellow, andblack in color (Morse and Hoddle 2006).In Aligarh region four thrips species are sofar known to infest green or bulb onions, byattacking on both leaves and flowers and alsocause the transfer of viral disease. Thesespecies are Thrips tabaci, Frankliniellaschultzei, Frankliniella occidentalis andScirtothrips dorsalis. Recent surveys shownhave shown that any one or all of the fourspecies of thrips can be encountered on boththe leaves as well as on flowers on onion inany part of Aligarh Region. Most gardens andfields supported numerous species of thripson onion crop and they were abundantenough to damage crop severely (Higgins1992). Sometimes, these species of thripscould be introduced to an area where theydid not exist before through winds, animalfodder, soil, hay or another commodity(Chang 1991). Thrips mainly feed on youngleaves and flowers but rarely on roots(Higgins 1992). However, many species areinterstice dwellers; they seek protection innarrow cervices, flowers and grasses withdense inflorescences. A part from the physicaldamage, thrips also transmit viral, bacterialand fungal diseases to various part of theonion crop (Okigbo and Ikedugwu 2003).

Thrips are serious pests in AligarhRegion and cause immense damage to onion

crop, so that a study on thrips and theirdistribution is very important, but only a littlework has so far been carried out on this aspectin Aligarh. The aim of this work was,therefore, to determine the relative abundanceof thrips that infest on onion crop at thesurveyed localities and conduct taxonomicstudies on the different species of thrips.

REVIEW OF LITERATUREIndia occupied second position in term

of production of onion in the world. During2010- 11, India’s share was 19.90 percent intotal onion production in the world (Kapaakondal 2014). Marketing of agriculturegoods is more complicated when comparedto marketing of non agricultural goods.Farmers are facing many problems in bothcultivation and marketing of onion (Jayanthiand Vaideke 2014). Thrips infestation atearly stages results in poor establishment ofonion crop due to high mortality of seedings.Seedling root dip and foliar applicationtreatment were evaluated during rabi seasonto manage the pest (Srinivas and Lawande2007). All the thrips (Order- Thysanoptera)are known to vactors of plant viruses. Thripstransmit plant viruses in the Topovirus,Ilarvirus, Carmovirus, Sobemovirus andMachlomovirus genera (David R Jones2005).

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe survey and collection was restricted

to some agricultural and experimental farmsand gardens in the towns of Dhanipur Mandi,Atrauli, Harduaganj, Gangheri and NaglaBrahman or Baman Nagla all in the regionsof Aligarh District.


Figure 1. Collection of species of thrips in the field of Onion, Allium cepa.

Experiments were carried out in the favorable growing season of onion. The onioncrops were monitored and data were collected on the basis of infestation level of thripspopulation.

Figure 2. Samplings of thrips with the help of yellow sticky card.

The method of collection of thrips was simple and ensures the minimum loss of thrips.Two sample bottles of 250ml were used in which one were empty for collecting the thripswith onion leaves and another were filled with 70% alcohol with 5% glacial acetic acid inthe ratio of 4:1 for preservation the thiprs for future use.


Figure 3. Onion Plants have symptoms typical of Iris Yellow Spot.

Thrips samples were collected in the early morning hours by gently trapping on theleaves, which dislodged the thrips from the leaves to white sheet placed under each selectedplant. Count all the thrips on plant with emphasis placed on the area between newest leaves.

Figure 4. Lesions and Foliage death of onion plant.


Figure 5. Identified the thrips species with the help of microscope.

Using a fine hair brush to transfer the thrips into vials, respectively for preservation.The vials were taken to the laboratory for counting and identification of thrips.

Figure 6. Thrips preserved in 70% alcohol with 5% glacial acetic acid.


Note the number of thrips that arewinged adults, thus they indicating theircapacity to disperse and increase the potentialfor future outbreaks. Thrips were mountedand identified under a compound lightmicroscope using the procedure described byPalmer (1990), at magnification of 40(Charles et al., 2013) Determine the severityof damage level by counting the number ofdamaged leaves per plant and the percentageof leaf with silvery – white blotches. Cut thestem of onion plant at the crown andtransferred the whole shoot in a vialcontaining 70 percent alcohol forpreservation.

RESULTSThe results of survey showed that all

sampled plants of onion were infested withone or more species of thrips. All together,total four species of thrips were identifiedsuch as Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella schultzei,Frankliniella occidentalis and Scirtothripsdorsalis in those selected regions of DistrictAligarh.

DISCUSSIONThe survey results of different localities

Dhanipur Mandi, Atrauli, Harduaganj,Gangheri and Nagla Brahman or BamanNagla were showed very clearly that allsample onion crops were infected with thrips.This indicated that onion cops in DistrictAligarh are host to one or other species ofthrips such as Thrips tabaci, Frankliniellaschultzei, Frankliniella occidentalis andScirtothrips dorsalis. Thrips occur on allkinds of growing vegetation on both flowersand foliage leaves of onion crops. Thripsseverely damaged the onion crops but highlyinfested by Thrips tabaci.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAuthor would like to thank Dr. Virendra

Kumar (Assistant Professor) Department ofZoology, D. S. College, Alligarh and Dr.Dinesh Kumar Singh (Assistant Professor)Department of Botany, J.J.T.U., Jhunjhunu,Rajasthan for assist about this biologicalmonitoring survey and providing the allresearch facilities.

REFERENCES1. Chang N.T. (1991). Important thrips

species in Taiwan. AVRDC PublicationNo. 19- 342. Page no. 40- 56.

2. Charles S., Mildred K.N. O.S., Joe K.,Samuel K. and Jeninah K. (2013).Species composition and occurrence ofthrips on tomato and pepper asinfluenced by Farmers’ ManagementPractices in Uganda. Journal of plant

protection research. Vol. 53, No. 23. David R Jones (2005). Plant Viruses

Transmitted by Thrips. EuropeanJournal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 113: (2),pp. 119- 157.

4. Evangeline T. Oparaocha and RaphaelN. Okigbo (2003). Thrips(Thysanoptera) of vegetable crops(Okro, Spinach, Garden Egg andPumpkin) growth in SoutheasternNigeria. Vol. 39, No. 4, Page no. 132-138.

5. Higgings C.J. (1992). Western flowerthrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) ingreen houses: population dynamics,distribution plants and association withpredators. Journal Econ. Entomol., Vol.85, Page No. 1891- 1903.


6. Jayanthi M. and Vaideke A. (2014). Astudy on famer’s problem in productionand marketing of onion in Sulur Taluka,Coimbatore District. Global Journal forRearch Analysis, Vol. 3: (7), ISSN 2277-8160.

7. Joseph G. Morse and Mark S. Hoddle(2006). INVASION BIOLOGY OFTHRIPS. Annu. Rev. Entomol. Vol: 51,Page no. - 67-89.

8. Kapaa Kondal (2014). Growth Rate ofArea, Production and Productivity ofOnion Crop in Andhra Pradesh. IndianJournal of Applied Research, Vol. 24:(1), pp. 98- 100.

9. Mound L.A. and Kuo G.G. (1996). The

Thysanoptera vector species of

tospoviruses. Acta. Hort., Vol. 431, Page

no. 298- 306.

10. Palmer J. M. (1990). Identification of

common thrips of tropical Africa

(Thysanoptera: Insecta). Trop. Pest

Manage. 36(1): 27-49.

11. Srinivas P S and Lawande K E (2007).

Seedling Root Dip Method For

Protecting Onion Plants From Thrips.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT

PROTECTION, Vol. 3(1), pp. 81-84.

[ 45 ]

ABSTRACT

ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYSERVICES IN EDUCATION LIBRARIES

Tej Pratap Singh

Information is the key factor of research and development informationis a fundamental resources. Which is essential for survival in today'scompetitive the information change for socio economic and culturaldevelopment of any nation. The discussed with Advantage of IT inlibraries, application of the information technology, impact of IT inlibraries are also discussed in brief.

Keyword : Information Technology, Library Management, LibraryAutomation, Networking, SDI, Cataloging, Circulation, Acquisition, StockVerification, Indexing, Abstracting.

I. IntroductionThe computers and communication

systems combined to be called information

technology are essential in the every part of

our life. For socio economic development,

information is an indispensable resource.

Information technology is a

comprehensive term, convergence of

computers, telecommunication and

information, information technology mean

the application of computer technologies and

communication technologies for gathering,

processing, storing, retrieval and

dissemination of information.

* Research Scholar, A.P.S.U., Rewa (M.P.)

Advantages of ITSome of the advantages using IT in

libraries are : IT helps to avoid duplication of a work

in library operations. Use of the IT solve the space problem. IT shift demand of users from collection

based services to information basedservices.

IT helps to introduce new services andimprove existing services.

IT helps to increase efficiency andeffectiveness in library operation.

IT helps in saving time, space, energyand resources.

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Collaboration and creation of librarynetworks.

Increase the range of services offered. Save the time of the users. Speedy and easy access of information. Improves the quality of library services. Enhance the knowledge and experience. Improve the status of the library. Improve the communication facilities. Access to unlimited information form

different sources. Information flexibility to the users. Reforming and combining of data from

different sources. Reduce the workload of the library staff.

According to Kemp "Information isconsidered as the need of man ranking afterair, water, food and shelter". The value ofinformation in every human endeavor cannotbe overstressed. Quick and easy access toevery required information is a supremeimportance application and the techniquesare being used by the libraries forinformation, automation etc. Further, originof interest and the development of WorldWide Web revolutionized the informationcommunication technology.

Application of InformationTechnology in Library

The library is the main informationcentre which can make use of the fatdevelopment IT for the benefits of mankindas a whole. The librarian's preference of ITshould include all those technologies whichare expected to be used in the library activitiesand other library services for collection,processing, storage, retrieval anddissemination of recorded information. Thefast developing information technologies

have showered almost every areas ofapplication including libraries. In case oflibraries, these are good use in the followingenvironments.

Library Management : Librarymanagement includes the following activitieswhich will certainly be geared up by the useof these fast IT developments : Classification,Cataloguing, Indexing, Database creation,Database indexing.

Library Automation : Libraryautomation is the concept of reducing thehuman intervention in all the library servicesso that any user can receive the desiredinformation with the maximum comfort andat the minimum cost.

Library Networking : Librarynetworking means a group of libraries andinformation centers are interconnected forsome common pattern for informationexchange and communication with a viewto improve efficiency.

Audio-Video Technology : It includesphotography, microfilms, microfiches, audioand tapes, printing, optical disk etc.

Technical Communication : TechnicalCommunication consisting of technicalwriting, editing, publishing, DTP system etc.

Technological change is becoming adriving force in our society. IT is a genericterm used for group of technologies.Following are the major components ofinformation technologies as most relevant inmodern library and information system.

Impact of Information Technology inLibrary

The IT has wide ranging impact onlibrary and information work. Informationactivities have undergone rapid transfor-


mations from conventional methods,consequent upon introduction of newtechnologies. There are areas of libraryoperations where IT is being adequately usedand some more activities are poetential toadopt IT.

Book Aquisition : Acquisition isconcerned with the building of librarycollection, by selecting right materials.Computerized acquisition helps in selection,duplicate checking, ordering, procuring oflibrary materials, processing bills,maintaining subject wise budget allocationetc. In the process of book selection internetcomes in great use and through e-mail theordering to venders becomes easy, quick andeconomical. The database of publishers anddistributors can be used to select the latestpublication.

Periodical Control : We select the newjournals through internet & process itrenewal, placement of orders, list ofperiodicals, remainders for non receivedissues can be easily handle through use ofcomputers.

Cataloguing : Cataloging of libraryholdings can be prepared easily on thecomputer by importing the bibliographicaldetails of the documents from acquisition fileand by retro-converting the catalogue.

Stock Verification : Ready-made list ofuntraceable books can be made available byfeeding into computer the accession numbersof books present in library.

Circulation : Circulation procedure ina conventional system is very lengthy andtime consuming. The use of technologicaldevices such as computers, barcode, scannersand software for circulation helps in

performing the lending of library materialseasily and quickly.

Indexing & Abstracting Services :Most of the big indexing and abstractingservices in the world like chemical abstract,LISA etc are available in the CD-Rom format.

Selective Dissemination of infor-mation : Users profile document profilematching & feedback are very easy throughuse of IT. Therefore SDI is easy through IT.

Other Important LIS Services : CAS,database search services, internet services,micrographic services, multimedia servicesare helpful for users.

ConclusionIT base library services are useful for

libraries in almost all the department oflibrary to perform accurate, speedy andeffortless job. Today's world of informationexplosion demands for an efficient systemof information's for storage and retrieval.

References1. Burch, J.G. (1983), Information system :

Theory and practices. Ed. 3. New York :John Wiley.

2. Ravi Chandra Rao, I.K. (1983). LibraryAutomation, Banglore : DRTC RefresherSem. 14.

3. Icemp, D.A. (1988). Computer basedknowledge retrieval, London : Aslib, 5-6.

4. Rammacah, L.S. (1988). Requisites forautomation of a University Library. InChapra, H.R. and others, ed. Library scienceand its facets. Delhi : ESS ESS Pub, 283-291.

5. Academic library system : collectiondevelopment. Ed by A.P. Srivastava. N ewDelhi, Indira Gandhi Open University, 1995.P. 53.


6. Arms, Y.W. (2000). Digital libraries. The

MIT press, Cambridge, Massachusetts,

London, England, pp 143.

7. ARL. (2002). Collections & Access for the

21st century scholar : Changing roles of

research libraries. A report from the ARL

collections & access issues task force. ARL

Bimonthly report 225 (Dec. 2002).

8. Carole A.G. (2003). A study of independent

access to library resources : Followup study

of LibQual + Survey of library service

quality - Personal Control Domain.

Carnegie Mellon University Libraries,

Digital Library Initiatives. May 13, 2003.

9. Ojha D.C. ed. (2006). Computer application

in library and information science, Jodhpur

: Scientic Pub 18.

10. Ahmed, N. and Fatima, N. (2009). Usage

of ICT products and services for research

in social science at AMU. DESIDOC

journal of library and information

technology, 29(2) : 25-30.

11. Http://en.wikipedia.org.

12. Http://digital commons.unl.edu/lin/phil-

prac/628

13. Http://www.crl.edu.ac.in

[ 49 ]

ABSTRACT

"PANNA TIGER RESERVE MANAGEMENTAND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES

Pushpendra Singh Neerja Khare

Habitat Management is mandatory task in a protected area, likePanna Tiger Reserve, which harbours a wide range of wild fauna andthe population dynamics involved in it. The term wildlife encompassesall uncultivated flora and undomesticated fauna. Forest and wildernessareas are important wildlife habitats. Forest and wildlife habitats performseveral ecological functions. Panna Tiger reserve is an excellent exampleof in-situ conservation, and harbors typical floral, faunal andphysiographical attributes of the central Indian highlands. Themanagement here aims at the total preservation of the entire wild lifeecosystem. Present study deals with the biodiversity management andsocial perspectives of Panna Tiger Reserve. The main forest types foundin Panna tiger Reserve southern tropical dry teak forest and Northerntropical dry deciduous mixed forest other forest types found in specificlocations include dry deciduous scrub forest, salai forest, dry bamboobrakes and Kardhai forest. The reserve harbors a wide range of faunaldiversity. Tiger is the Top Carnivore in the reserve, its nearest competitorbeing the Leopard. The reserve is bestowed with rich 200 species of birds,common reptiles and a large number of aquatic animals. Panna TigerReserve being close to Khajuraho, a world heritage site and easy sightingof tiger, enjoys special significance in term of Ecotourism andconservation education.

Key words : Panna Tiger Reserve, Management and SocialPerspective.

* Department of (Zoology) Govt. P.G. College, Satna (M.P.) India** Department of (Zoology) Govt. P.G. College, Satna (M.P.) India

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I. IntroductionPanna Tiger Reserve is one of the most

important Tiger habitats in the central Indiafor the long-term conservation of the"Flagship" species Tiger. Nature hasbestowed it with many floral and faunaldiversity. However managed forest out sidethe protected area network also support largepopulation of wild life species (Giles 1971)has signified wild life management as an artof changing the characteristics andinteraction of habitats, wild animalpopulation and men in order to achievespecific goal by means of the wild liferesources. Thought there is lot of bioticpressure natural linkage with some otherprotected area in the region. Panna Tigerreserve consists of three units namely PannaNational Park, Gangau Wild Life Sanctuaryand Ken Gharial wild life Sanctuary. Themanagement of Tiger Reserve is done by theDirector and conservator of forests withheadquarter at Panna. There is a Dy. Directorand Two Assistant Director. The Tiger reserveis divided in to 4 ranges, 10 sub ranges and45 beats. The Tiger reserve has a special placein the North Central Madhya Pradesh fromthe point of view of ecology, vegetation,history and culture and is a true representativeof Bundelkhand region.

Study Area : The Panna tiger reserve(666-403 Sq.Km.) comprises of PannaNational Park (542.662 Sq.Km.) Gangauwild life Sanctuary (87.539 Sq.Km. ) and KenGhariyal wild life Sanctuary (45.202 Sq.Km.)surrounding both the park and the sanctuary.

Location : Panna Tiger Reserve locatedin North Central part of the State spreads overthe districts of Panna and Chhattarpur. The

name of the Tiger Reserve comes from thedistrict Town of Panna where the TigerReserve has its headquarters, the TigerReserve lies between 24027' and 240 46'North latitudes and 790 45' and 800 09' Eastlongitude. It covers parts Panna and GunourTehsils of Panna district and Bijawar andChhatarpur Tehshils of Chhatarpur district.The whole Tiger Reserve makes theCatchment of the river.

Historical :-The forest area included inthe Panna Tiger Reserve was the huntingreserve of the erstwhile rulers of Panna,Chhatarpur and Bijawar States. The forestsin these reserve got protection from thesestates. During 1975. Gangau wild lifesanctuary comprising forests of North andSouth Panna forest division was created.Later on in the year 1978 adjoining portionof Chhatarpur forest division was added tothe Sanctuary. In the year 1981 PannaNational Park was constituted includingmajor Portion of Gangau Wildlife Sanctuaryand some more areas of Chhatarpur forestDivision vide Madhya Pradesh ForestDepartment notification No. 15/08/80 (X)-2dated 17/10/1981. Total area of PannaNational Park is 542.66 Km2 and includes373.55 Km2 forest area of Panna and 169.11Km2 forest area of Chhatarpur district.

Methodology :-Wild life protected areaplanning and management andadministration requires detailed inventoriesof flora and fauna animal distribution patternsand appraisal of limiting factors prevailingin the area. (Giles 1971) has explained theneed of well defined, objectives and scientificmethodology for the study of plantcommunities harboring wild animals.


Champion and Seth (1968) have identifiedthe forest types of the study area. Gopal andShukla (2001) have described the status andmanagement Strategies of Kanha TigerReserve. The Biogeographicallyclassification of the study area has beensuggested by Rodgers and Panwar (1988)Geographical information system are arelatively new development in computertechnology of particular Interests to wild lifeand natural Resource managers (Petersionand Matney 1986). The present study hasbeen conducted in following three phasestocover different study aspects, Phase -ICollection of Background information. PhaseII Field Survey, Study of vegetation and wildfauna, study of Eco-tourism. Phase-IIIInterpretation and synthesis.

Results and Discussion :Vegetation : Vegetation is one of the

most valuable Renewable natural resourcesin any geographical region. The Forests ofPanna Tiger Reserve are broadly in classifiedinto the following types in accordance withthe revised forest type of India (Championand Seth 1968). The main forest types foundin Panna tiger reserve are southern tropicaldry teak forest and northern tropicaldeciduous mixed forest. Other forest typesfound in specific locations include drydeciduous] scrub forest, Salai forest, dryBamboo brakes and Kardhai forest. Dry teakforest occurs on trap, shales and sandstones.Dry mixed forest occurs mainly onsandstones, shales and laterites where thesoils are shallow. There are some patches ofalmost pure salai forests. These forests occuron dry upper slopes of hills having dryshallow and stony soil. The tiger reserve in

fodder grasses However, majority of thesegrasses are coarse and liked by wild ungulatesafter October or November. The open marshygrasslands supports a rich herbivorespopulation.

Wild fauna : The faunal assemblage ofPanna tiger Reserve is of typical CentralIndian species . The rich habitat diversity ofPanna Tiger Reserve supports wide range ofanimal communities viz; Mammals, birds,reptiles and large number of aquatic animals.The above typical Fauna of the central Indianhighland, part of the oriental ZoologicalRealm is an amalgam of the Indo-chinese,Ethiopian and palaearctic elements (Prater,1948; Roberts, 1977). The heterogeneity ofhabitats influences local distribution ofMammal Tiger is the top cornivore in thereserve, its nearest competitor being leopard.The best known areas of animal distributionoccurs in Madla and Hinouta ranges. Thereare around 200 species of birds and twentyspecies of Mammals. Beside commonspecies of Reptiles and large number ofaquatic animals are also found in the Reserve.

Ecotourism : The potential of Eco-Tourism has already been recognised in thetiger reserve. This concepts needs to befurther organised and the requiredinfrastructure facilitated, involving the localparticipation from the host communities.This would not only lead to their economicupliftment, but also serve as a credibilitybuilding measure between the park and thepeople. Panna Tiger reserve has greatpotential as for as tourist visitation is concernbecause it is located close to Khajurahotemples. The management of Tiger Reserveis required to aim at improving habitat


conditions so that wildlife particularly thetiger increases in number. It Tiger sightingsimprove, the tiger reserve will attract a largenumber of tourists. The reserve has beenreceiving approximately 15000 touristannually. Eco-tourism in Panna tiger Reserveis a balance of conservation education andentertainment with the active participation oflocal people. The under laying principle isthat the tourism should be ecologically andsocio-culturally sustainable.

Management :- The management ofPanna Tiger Reserve is done by the Directorand conservator of forest with head quarterof Panna. there is a Dy. Director and twoAssistant Director. The tiger Reserve isdivided into 4 ranges, 10 sub-ranges and 45beats. The Tiger Reserve has a special placein the north central Madhya Pradesh from thepoint of view of ecology, vegetation, historyand culture and is a true representative ofBundelkhand Region. The main objectivesof the Management are :

To maintain and restore thebiodiversity, natural and historial attributesand ecological function of the area and

To ensure and enhance conservationstatus of the Reserve by reducing people

dependance on forests through participatorymanagement.

References :1. Bolen, GE & WL Robinson (1999) Wildlife

ecology and Management 4th Ed. Prentice,Hall (New Jersey). pp. 464.

2. Champian H.G. and Seth S.K. (1968). Arevised survey of forests types of India,manager of Publication Delhi.

3. Giles, R.H. (1971) Wild life managementTechniques, The wild life Society,Wessington DC.

4. Gopal and Shukla (2001) Management Planfor Kanha Tiger Reserve Madhya Pradeshfor the period of 2001-02.

5. Peterson, L. & I Mateny (1986). Data mgt.Pages 727-740. in Aycooperider; R.J. Boydand HR. Stuart, eds. Inventory andmonitoring of wildlife habitat U.S. Dept.Inter Bur. lands manage. Serv. cent. Denver,Colo.

6. Roberts T.J. (1977) Mammals of PakistanLondon; Erenest Benn..

7. Rodgers, W.A. and Panwar, H.S. (1988).Planning wild life protected area Networkin India, vol. I and II wildlife Institute ofIndia, Dehradun.

8. Saharya, V.B. (1982) Wildlife in India.Notraj Publisher, Dehradun

[ 53 ]

ABSTRACT

SOME WILD PLANTS ARE USED AS FOODMATERIAL BY THE TRIBES OF DEOSAR

I.P. Kumhar* R.L. Patel** Prabha Prajapati***

The present paper highlights the food behavior of the tribes of Deosararea of Singrauli District of M.P . They are mainly based on forest prod-ucts. The forest plants and their products are used as food, fiber andmedicine etc. During present study 30 Angiospermic plant species areenumerated with their family, vernacular name and used style of foodintake.

Key Words : Food, Deosar, Singrauli and tribes.

The use of plants as Foods purposes isas long as the existence of mankind. Ancientcivilizations have provided is with relevantwritten literature of using plants and plantparts as the food materials for the purpose ofsurvival.

Even today the tribes of Deosar(Singrauli) area prepare and use variety offood from plants and plant parts during thewhole year. These food materials are morenutritious and rich with Protein carbohydrate,lipids and vitamins. Effective for the peopleof all ages. Some food materials of forest

products are much nutritive for the babiesand animals.

METHODOLOGYThe angiospermic plants were

collected by the authors from the differentareas of Deosar(Singrauli). The plants wereidentified with the help of various literaturesthe value of different types of food matarialwas obtained from the tribal people of studyarea .

A Cross Verification of the same wasmade as suggested by Jain (1991) the food

* Deptt.of Botany S.G.S. Govt.PG. College Sidhi (MP.)** Deptt.of Botany S.G.S. Govt.PG. College Sidhi (MP.)*** Research Scholar Botany S.G.S. College Sidhi (M.P.)

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yielding plants of Deosar (Singrauli) areahave been mentioned.

OBSERVATION AND RESULTThe food is essential need of the

living beings for growth and developments.Proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are maindeveloping Components required for ourbody. The forest plants and plant parts haveorganic and inorganic compounds. Some

forest plant Contain specific types ofalkaloids that used in cure specific Diseaseof the human beings.

The study of indigenous knowledgeabout some food yielding plant resources isessential for our society. An overview ofsome angiospermic plant of Deosar area ofSingrauli district (M.P.) and their uses as foodmaterial is presented in table-Ist which shownseveral utilization its records of Plants-

S.

N.

Name of Plant Vernacular

name

Family Parts use Types of food

01 Amaranthus spinosus L. Kateli chauli Am aranthaceae Leaf Vegetable

02 Amaranthus gracizans L. Chaulai Amaranthaceae Leaf Vegetable

03 Avena fatua L. Jau Poaceae Seed Chapati

04 Aegle marmelos L Bel Rutacac Fruit Juice & Pickle

05 Buchanania lanzan Chiroji Anacardiaceae Seed Edible

06 Chenopodium album L. Bathua Chenopodiaceae Leaf &

s tem

Vegetable

07 Chemopodium murale L. Chamar

bathua

Chenopodiaceae Leaf &

s tem

Vegetable

08 Citrullus colocynthis L. Indrayana Cucurbitaceae Fruit Vegetable

09 Corcorus aestuans L. Pat Tiliaceae Leaves Vegetable

10 Corchorus capsularis L. Leaves Tiliaceae Leaves Vegetable

11 Curculigo orchioides kalimusali Hypoxidaceae Tuber Vigores food

12 Diospyros exscuc lepta buch Tendu Ebenaceae Fruit Edible

13 Emblica Offic inalis gaertn Amla Euphorbiaceae Fruits Pickle & Chatani

14 Glinus lotides L. Bhondergali Aizoaceae Shoots Vegetable

15 Madhuca indica L. Mahua Sapotaceae Flower

seed

foods liquir eatable

Oil

16 Moringa oleifera Lam. Munga Moringaceae Flower&

pod

Vegetable

17 Oryza rufipogon L. phasaidhan Poaceae Grain Chawal

18 Ocimum sanctum L. Tulas i Lamiaceae Leaf Edible

19 Phaseolus trinervis heyne Jangali moog Fabaceae Pod Pulse

20 palygala chinensis L. phutani Polygalaceae Plants As food

21 Polygonum glabrum wild bhilamngori Polygalaceae Leaves Vegetable

22 Portulaca oleracea L. Gol Bhaji Portulacaceae Leaf Vegetable

23 Portulaca quadrifida L. Noon kha Portulacaceae Leaf Vegetable

24 Rumex dentatus L. Jangali Palak Polygonaceae Leaf Vegetable

25 Sagitaria sagittifolia L. Alisma taceae Tuber Edible

26 Semecarpus anacardiume L. Bhelama Anacardiaceae Fruit Edible

27 Syzygium Cuminii L. Jamun Myrtaceae Fruits As fruits

28 Trapa natans L. Singara Trapa ceac Endosper

m

Food

29 Trianthema Portulastrum L. Bawara Aizoacae Leaves Vegetable

30 Zingiber Copitalum Roxb Jangli Adarak Zingiberaceae Tuber Edible


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe authors are thankful to the tribals

and local people of chitarangi district

Singrauli M.P. for interacting and providing

information about the food producing forest

plants.

REFERENCE Jain A.K. 1992 Clans of sor tribals of

Madhya Pradesh and their role in

conservation, Ethanobotany vol 4.67-69.

Jain S.K. 1986 Ethanobotany,

interdisciplinary, science reviews

(London) 11 (3) 385-292.

Jain J.K. & Rao R.R. 1983 ethanobotanyin india An over view howrah botanicalsurvey of india.

Khan A.A. Shabina Khan and m.P. singh2002 Role of Plants in upliftment ofeconomic potentialities of tribals of thedistrict shahdol (mp) India plant Sci.15(11) 397-400

Khan A.A. ashok kumar verma and M.P.Singh 2003 certain ethnobotanicalimportance on food and medicinal plantsfrom rewa division of Madhya Pradeshwith special References to rare andendagerd species- Ist Ecotaxon bot vol27 No. 2 PP 249 - 254.

[ 56 ]

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yeeue ogJÙe&Jenej kesâ keâejCe Øees. [e@. efJeveeso kegâceej efleJeejer* Jeerjsvõ kegâceej efleJeejer**

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** meneÙekeâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ (efJeefOe), jepeerJe ieeBOeer mveelekeâesòej ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, Yeesheeue (ce.Øe.)

Keyword : ySfxad nqO;Zogkj] cky Jfed]cPpksa ls csxkj djokuk] HkkokRed nqO;ZogkjA

Hkwfedk&cky nqO;Zogkj dk izeq[k dkj.kvfèkdka'kr;k izkS<+ nqO;Zogkj djus okyksa ¼ekrk&firk ,oa ekfyd½ dh vius okrkoj.k ¼ifjokj;k dk;ZLFky½ esa vuqdwyu esa vlQyrk ;k

vlek;kstu gS] ijUrq dqN lhek rd bldsfy, izkS<+ tks ikfjokfjd lekthdj.k ds fy,mRrjnk;h gSaA

cky nqO;Zogkj ds izeq[k dkj.k fuEu gSa&¼1½ 'kkjhfjd nqO;Zogkj ds dkj.k ¼Causes

of Physical Ahuse½&fofHkUu fo}kuksa us 'kkjhfjd



nqO;Zogkj ds vyx&vyx dkj.k cryk;s gSaAdqN fo}kuksa dk er gS fd O;fDrxr vijk/kdrkZvksa ds euksjksx foÑr ¼Psycho Pathology½foKku dks izeq[k dkjd ekurs gSa] nwljs ikfjokfjdvUr%fØ;k ds euks&lkekftd jksx foKku dkizeq[k dkj.k le>rs gSa vkSj dqN vkSj nwljsruko dh fLFkfr;ksa ij fo'ks"k cy nsrs gSaA bllaca/k esa dsoy jekuh }kjk jktLFkku esa fd;kx;k vkuqHkkfod v/;;u ;g Li"V djrk gS fdîkfjokfjd ruko lEcU/kh dkjd* cky nqO;Zogkjds ;Fks"V dkj.k dh O;k[;k ¼Casual Explanation½djrs gSaA ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ruko dh otg ls cPpsds 'kkjhfjd nqO;Zogkj ds izeq[k dkj.k 4 :i lsmYysf[kr fd;s x;s gSa&

1- ifr&iRuh ds chp lEcU/kA2- ekrk&firk vkSj cPpksa ds e/; lEcU/kA3- lajpukRed rukoA4- cPps }kjk mRiUu fd;k x;k rukoAcPpksa dks ihVus ds tks dkj.k ik;s tkrs gSa]

os gSa cPpksa dk yxkrkj ekrk&firk dh vkKk ughaekuuk] ekrk&firk ds e/; >xM+s vkSj cPps dkscfy dk cdjk cukdj mls ihVuk] cPps dk v/;;u esa :fp ugha ysuk] cPps dk vf/kd le;rd ?kj ls ckgj O;rhr djuk] cPps dks jksth&jksVhdekus ls euk djuk] cPps dk izk;% viusHkkbZ&cguksa ls yM+uk] cPps dk izk;% Ldwy lsvuqifLFkr jguk] cPps dk vius ekrk&firk@laj{kd ¼vfHkHkkodksa½ dks viuh lEiw.kZ dekbZ dksnsus ls badkj djuk] ckgj ds O;fDr;ksa ls nqO;Zogkjdh f'kdk;rsa lquuk vkSj cPps dk fopfyr¼Deviant½ O;ogkj viukuk tSls pksjh djuk]flxjsV ihuk vkfnA ;s lc dkj.k ¼ekrk&firkdh vkKk dk mYya?ku djuk] ekrk&firk dschp >xM+s] ?kj ls ckgj le; O;rhr djuk]

cPps dk v/;;u dk;Z eas #fp ugha yssuk½ vijk/kdrkZvksa ¼Perpetrators½ ds O;fDrxr O;fDrRo dsnks"kksa dks bruk ugha crykrs ftruk dh muizeq[k dkjdksa dks crykrs gSa ftuds QyLo:icky nqO;Zogkj ?kfVr gksrk gSA blfy, ;g dgktk ldrk gS fd vijk/kdrkZvksa ds O;fDrRo dhfo'ks"krkvksa dks ;|fi udkjk ugha tk ldrk gS]fQj Hkh ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k vkSj rukoxzLrifjokj dh fLFkfr;k¡ cPps dks ihVus esa vf/kdfu.kkZ;d dkjd gksrs gSaA

2- ySfxad nqO;Zogkj ¼Causes of Sexual

Abuse½&ySafxad nqO;Zogkj ds dkj.k tks vf/kdka'kr;k cryk;s tkrs gSa] os gSa vijk/kdrkZvksadh lek;kstu ¼Adjustment½ dh leL;k] ifjokjdk fo?kVu] ihfM+r ds fo'ks"k xq.k vkSj nqO;Zogkjdjus okyksa dh euksoSKkfud foÑfr;k¡A rFkkfi]cky nqO;Zogkj ij dsoy jekuh }kjk fd;k x;kv/;;u ySafxad nqO;Zogkj dh leL;k dks ,d^Ô;ofLFkr eaMy ¼System Model½ ds }kjkle>kuk pkgrk gS vkSj bldks ,slk O;ogkj ekurkgS tks fofHkUu Lrjksa ij dbZ dkj.kksa ls izHkkforgksrk gS] dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ;g ,d ,slkO;ogkj gS tks fd dkjdksa ds ,d iqat ds lafpr¼Cumulative½ izHkko dk ifj.kke gSA okLro esabl v/;;u us iz.kkyh mikxe dk mi;ksx udsoy ySafxad nqO;Zogkj ds vfirq 'kkjhfjd vkSjHkkokRed nqO;Zogkj ds v/;;u ds fy, Hkh fd;kAySafxad nqO;Zogkj dh pkj Jsf.k;k¡ Fkha&ikfjokfjdi;kZoj.k] ikfjokfjd lajpuk] O;fDrxr izÑfr;ksavkSj fLFkfr;ksa ls lacaf/kr dkjdA

ikfjokfjd i;kZoj.k ifjizs{; esa ;g n'kkZ;kx;k gS fd ifjokj esa HkhM+&HkkM+ ySafxad nqO;Zogkjls lacaf/kr ugha gS] ijUrq ekrk&firk ds >xM+svkSj vUrckZ/kkvksa ¼Inhabitant½ dh detksjh ftlls


cPps dh mis{kk gksrh gS] ifjokj esa ekrk&firkvkSj cPps eas Lusgiw.kZ laca/kksa dk vHkko ftllscPps dks cy vkSj laj{k.k izkIr ugha gksrk] thfodkmiktZu djus okys iq#"k lnL; dk e|iku]mlesa mÙkjnkf;Rork dk vHkko] cPpksa dk i;kZIrfu;a=.k dk vHkko] ek¡ dk fdlh vU; iq#"k dslkFk voS/k lEcU/k] lkSrsys firk dk vf/kiR; vkSjifjokj dk lkekftd vyxko ¼;kuh ifjokj dklkekftd ra=ksa ;k lekt dh xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkkxugha ysuk½ os dkjd Fks] tks ySafxad nqO;Zogkj esavf/kd egRoiw.kZ FksA

dk;ZLFky dk okrkoj.k Hkh yaSfxad nqO;ZogkjmRiUu djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrk gSAdsoy jekuh ds v/;;u esa ,sls dbZ ekeys lkeusvk;s tc NksVh vk;q ds ihfM+rksa ij ekfyd usvkØe.k fd;k vkSj lkFk dke djus okyksa usmudks mRihfM+r fd;k tc os ?kj@dk;ZLFky@Ldwy esa fcYdqy vdsys FksA de vk;q okyhyM+fd;ksa dk vdsyk gksuk vijk/kkdÙkkZvksa dksvijk/k djus ds fy;s mRizsfjr djrk gSA

3- HkkokRed nqO;Zogkj ds dkj.k ¼Causes

of Emotional Abuse½&HkkokRed nqO;Zogkj ds Hkhpkj izeq[k dkj.k gksrs gSa] fu/kZurk] ekrk&firkdk viw.kZ fu;a=.k vkSj ifjokj esa Lusgiw.kZ laca/kksadk vHkko] ekrk&firk }kjk vius cpiu esanqO;Zogkj dk lkeuk u djuk ;k cky nqO;Zogkjdk vUrj ih<+h gLrkarj.k vkSj ekrk&firk dke|iku blds vykok Hkh HkkokRed nqO;Zogkj dsvU; dkj.k Hkh gSaA nqO;Zogkj djus okys ekrk&firkesa vk/ks ls vf/kd dh vk; dk de gksuk Hkhcrk;k tkrk gSA ¼ tgk¡ ifjokj dh vk; 1000@&#i;s izfrekg ls de gksrh gS½ tcfd mudks 5ls 12 ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djukiM+rk gSA LVªksl ¼1979½ vkSj fM'uj ¼1984½ us

Hkh cky nqO;Zogkj esa fu/kZurk dks egRoiw.kZ dkj.kekuk gSA tc fd yksx ;g fo'okl djus yxs gSafd cky nqO;Zogkj dsoy lkekftd] vkfFkZd fLFkfro ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fuHkZj ugha gS] ;|fi ;g lokZf/kd fuEu vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fLFkfr;ksa ij gSA

cky nqO;Zogkj ds dkj.kksa dk lekdfyrekMy

cky nqO;Zogkj ds ,dhÑr ekMy dk izeq[kvk/kkj ?kj ds vkgkrs ;k ifjlj ¼Premise½ esafirk vkSj cPps dh fLFkfr ,oa ikjLifjd lEcU/kksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA cky nqO;Zogkj dk ,dhÑrekMy ds pkj izeq[k dkj.kksa ij tksj nsrk gS&

¼1½ ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k¼2½ lajpukRed ruko¼3½ ekrk&firk ds O;fDrxr fo'ks"k xq.k vkSj¼4½ mi&lkaLÑfrd lh[k@bl ekMy esa ikap

fofHkUu {ks=ksa dh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A¼v½ cky fodkl]¼c½ lkekftdj.k dh izfØ;k,¡]¼l½ ifjokj ds vUrfØ;k]¼n½ lh[kus ds fl)kar]¼b½ jks"k] vkØe.k] ?k`.kk vkfn esa L=ksr &

budks la{ksi esa fuEukuqlkj o.kZu fd;k tkjgk gS&

¼v½ cky nqO;Zogkj dks blls le>k tkldrk gS fd ekrk&firk fdl lhek rd viuscPpksa ds lkFk udkjkRed vFkok vuqi;qDr fu;a=.kdh j.kuhfr;k¡ viukrs gSaA lkekU; rjhdksa dkmi;ksx ¼cPpksa dh lc vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ½i;kZIr fu;a=.k] fuf'pr :i ls vuq'kkflr djukvkSj lqLi"V laokn ¼Communication½ cPps ds¼lkekftd] HkkokRed vkSj ckSf)d fodkl esalgk;d gksrs gSa] tcfd ^vlkekU;** rjhdksa ls


cPps dh vko';drkvksa dh mis{kk djuk] vi;kZIrfu;a=.k udkjkRed :i ls vuq'kkflr djuk]vLi"V laokn vkSj cy iz;ksx ij vkR;kf/kdfo'okl½ ls cPps dk ykyu&ikyu djus ls cPpsds fodkl esa vUrckZ/kk ¼Inhibitant½ mRiUu gksrhgS vkSj ;g cky nqO;Zogkj dk dkj.k curk gSAvf/kdkfjd fir`Ro ¼Authoritative Parenting)@vkns'k nsus okys ekrk&firk½ lÙkkoknh fir`Ro¼tks fd viuh lRrk dk iw.kZ vkKk ikyu pkgrsgSa½] Hkìky fir`Ro ¼lHkh bPNkvksa@#fp;kas dkrq"Vhdj.k½ vkSj ykijokgh dh fir`Ro@mnklhuvkSj vuqRrjnk;h gksuk vkSj mfpr /;ku ughansuk½ cPps ds y{k.kks vkSj O;ogkj dks izHkkfordjrs gSA lRrkoknh fir`Ro dk :i vkR;kf/kdgkfudkjd gksrk gS vkSj cky nqO;Zogkj ds fy,izsjd gksrk gSA

¼c½ ruko vlek;kstuiw.kZ izfrfdz;kvks dksHkh tUe nsrs gS D;ksafd nqO;Zogkj djus okys ekrkfirk Li"V :i ls lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ks esa fgalkRedugh gksrsA csjkstxkjh vkSj ukSdjh esa vlarks"k tslsdkj.k Hkh ,d O;fDr ds O;oglkj dks izHkkfordjrs gS vkSj ;gh cky nqO;Zogkj dk dkj.kcurk gSA

¼l½ ekrk&firk ds O;fDrxr y{k.k tSlsvUrfuZ"Bk fo'ks"krk,a ¼fpM+ fpM+k LoHkko]vkRedszfUnzr gksuk] dBksjrk½] cPps ds ikyus dhizoh.krk dk vHkko] vkSj lalk/kuks dk vHkko ¼deizfr"Bk] de f'k{kk vkSj de vk;½ Hkh cky nqO;Zogkjds dkj.k gksrs gSA

¼n½ mi&laLd`frd lh[k] ;kuh fgald ?kjesa lkekftdj.k] ;k cpiu esa fgalk dks >syuk Hkhcky nqO;Zogkj dk ,d vU; dkj.k Hkh gSA

Ckky nqO;Zogkj jksdus ,oa 'kks"k.k ds f[kykQxSj ljdkjh lkekftd laxBuksa }kjk cPpksa ds

dY;k.k nk;j ;kfpdkvksa esa le;&2 ij U;k;ky;}kjk funsZ’k tkjh fd;k gS] ftuesa dqN oknizeq[k gSA

y{ehdkUr ik.Ms; cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼1½ dsokn esa ,d vf/koDrk us i= ds ek/;e ls mPpreU;k;ky; dks lwfpr fd;k fd dqN lkekftdvkSj LosfPNd laLFkk;sa Hkkjrh; ckydksa dks fonsf’k;ksads xksn fy, tkus ds fy, mUgsa fons’k Hkstus dkdk;Z dj jgh gS vkSj bl rjg ckydksa dk 'kks"k.kdj jgh gSA ;kfpdk esa ;g Hkh vkjksi yxk;kx;k fd xksn ysus ds cgkus fd’kksjkoLFkk dsvcksèk ckyd ;k rks Hkh"k.k fons’k ;k=k ds nkSjkudkydofyr ¼e`R;q dks izkIr gksuk½ gks tkrs gSvkSj ;fn fdlh izdkj ;k=k ds nkSjku thfor cpHkh tkrs gS fcuk mfpr ns[kjs[k ds vHkko esa mUgsafHk{kqd ;k os’;k cudj thou O;rhr djukiM+rk gSA

bl ekeys esa U;k;ewfrZ dh Hkxorh us cgqerdk fu.kZ; nsrs gq, mu fl)karksa dks fofgr fd;kftlds vuqlkj fonsf’k;ksa }kjk Hkkjrh; cPpksa dksxksn fy;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ljdkj ,oa vU;laLFkkvksa dks funsZ’k fn;k fd os U;k;ky; }kjkfu/kkZfjr ¼fofgr fd,½ fu;eksa dk ikyu djsaD;ksafd lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 15¼3½ vkSj 39 ¼l½vkSj ¼Q½ ds v/khu ckydksa ds dY;k.k ds fy,dk;Z djuk ljdkj dk laoS/kkfud drZO; gSa

,e-lh- esgrk cuke rkfeyukMw jkT;¼2½ 1991ds ekeys esa U;k;ky; us ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;kfd fn;k lykbZ fuekZ.k djus okys dkj[kkuksa esatgka rhyh esa Toyu’khy elkyk yxk;k tkrkgSA ckydksa dks fu;ksftr ugha fd;k tk ldrkD;ksafd ;g [krjukd fu;kstu dh Js.kh esa vkrkgSA mUgsa iSafdax izfØ;k esa yxk;k tk ldrk gSA;gka Hkh muds fy, 5000@& dk chek djkuk


vko’;d gSA ftldk izhfe;e dk Hkqxrku fu;ksDrk}kjk fd;k tk;sxkA

,d vU; okn ,e-lh- esgrk cuke rkfeyukMw¼3½ ds ekeys esa ,sfrgkfld egRo ds fu.kZ; esamPpre U;k;ky; us ;g izfrikfnr fd;k gS fd14 o"kZ ls dke vk;q ds ckydksa dks fdlh Hkhdkj[kkus] [kku ;k vU; ladViw.kZ dk;Z esa fcydqyfu;qDr ugha fd;k tk;sxkA U;k;ky; us lHkhljdkjksa vkSj dsUnzh; ljdkjksa dks ;g funsZ’kfn;k fd os vuqPNsn 24- 39- 50 ¼p½ 41] 45] 47ds laoS/kkfud funsZ’kksa dk ikyu djsa vkSj ckydJe izFkk dks 'kh?kzfr’kh?kz lekIr djsaA U;k;ky;us blds fy, foLr`r ekxZn’kZu fl)kar fofgrfd;k gSA vkxs U;k;ky; us ;g Hkh funsZ’k fn;kfd ckydksa dks [krjukd dk;ksZa ls eqDr djknsuk gksxk vkSj mlds LFkku ij mlds ifjokj dsfdlh o;Ld dks dke esa yxkuk gksxkA fu;kstdksadks izR;sd ckyd ds fy, 20]000@& :i;s dhjde ^^ckyd Je iqukZokl o dY;k.k [kkrs** esatek djuk gksxkA ;fn ljdkj fdlh ckyd dksdke ugha ns ldrh rks og mDr [kkrs esa 5000@&:i;s tek djsxhA laj{kd dk dk;Z gksxk fd ogdke u feyus ij bl jde ls izkIr C;kt lsckyd dks 14 o"kZ rd f’k{kk fnyk,A ladVjfgr dkeksa esa dk;Zjr ckydksa ds dk;Z dh vofèk4 ;k 6 ?k.Vs ls vf/kd ugha gksxh vkSj mls 2?k.Vs i<+us ds fy, fn;k tk;sxk ftldk O;;fu;kstd ogu djsxkA

Ckkydksa ds dY;k.k ds lEca/k esa us’kuyQsMjs’ku vkWQ CykbaM cuke la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx¼4½ ds okn esa mPpre U;k;ky; us ;g fuf.kZrfd;k gS fd 'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykax ¼vU/ks ,oav/kZ vU/ks½ O;fDr;ksa dks Hkh Hkkjrh; flfoy lsokdh ijh{kk esa cSVuus dk gd gS vkSj ljdkj mUgsa

czsufyfi ;k lgk;d ys[kd }kjk ,slh ijh{kk esacSBus dh lqfo/kk Hkh miyC/k djkuk pkfg,A jk"Vªh;vU/k la?k }kjk vuqPNsn 32 ds v/khu ;g izfrfufèkokn nk;j fd;k x;k FkkA

Ekksguyky 'kekZ cuke m-iz-¼5½ ds okn esa;kfpddrkZ us U;k;ky; dks rkj ds ek/;e ls;g lwfpr fd;k fd mls vk’kadk gS fd iqfyl usiqfyl vfHkj{kk esa mlds iq= dh gR;k dj nh gSAU;k;ky; us bls rkj ;kfpdk ekudkj funsZ’kfn;k fd ekeys dh iwjh tkap ds fy, izdj.k lh-ch-vkbZ- dks lkSai fn;k x;kA

xkSjo tSu cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼6½ ds ekeys esalkoZtfud fgrokn }kjk ;g funsZ’k nsus dh ekaxdh xbZ Fkh fd os’;kvksa ds cPpksa ds fy, vyxLdwy vkSj Nk=kokl [kksys tk,A U;k;ky; usbl ekax dks vLohdkj djrs gq, fu.kZ; fn;k fd,slk djuk mu ckydksa ds fgr esa ugha gS mUgsans’k dh eq[; /kkjk esa jguk pkfg,A vyx jgusls muds eu esa Lo;a ghu dh Hkkouk mRiUugksxh] tks mfpr ugha gSA

milagkjmijksDr lHkh dkj.k vkil esa feydj bldh

O;k[;k djrs gS fd fdl izdkj os vijk/kkdrkZvksds O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrs gS tks fd vUrr%cky nqO;Zogkj dk dkj.k curk gSA turk vkSjljdkj dh cky nqO;Zogkj dh leL;k ds fnypLihde gksus ds dkj.k dbZ jkT;ksa esa cky laj{k.kvk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k gS Hkkjr ljdkj ,oajkT; ljdkj ds iz;klks ds ckotwn Hkh ckynqO;Zogkj la[;k esa deh ugh vk;h gS vesfjdk easfxy us vuqeku yxk;k gS fd izfro"kZ 25 vkSj 41yk[k ds chp cky nqO;Zogkj dh ?kVuk,a gksrh gSALdkV us ;g izfrosnu izLrqr fd;k gS fd izfr


1000 cPps esa ls ,d vkSj 12 ds chp viusekrk&firk vFkok vfHkHkkodks ds nqO;Zogkj dsf'kdkj gksrs gSA Hkkjr esa fu/kZurk] vf'k{kk vkSjifjokjks ds cM+s vkdkj dks ns[krs gq,s ;g dgktk ldrk gS fd izfr 1000 cPpks esa ls 5 vkSj 15ds chp cPpks ds lkFk Hkkjr ns'k esa ekrk&firk vkSj ekfydks ds }kjk nqO;Zogkj fd;ktkrk gSA

vkt ;g eglwl fd;k tk jgk gS fd dkuwunqO;Zogkj dks jksdus esa vizHkkoh fl) gks ldrkgS og mu lHkh cPpks dks lqj{kk iznku ugh djik;k] tks c<+h gqbZ xkao dh xjhch vkSj 'kgjh {ks=ksesa thou la?k"kZ ds dkj.k ckyd dke djus ,oanqO;Zogkj lgus ds fy;s ck/; gSA

cky nqO;Zogkj dk eq[; dkj.k xjhch vkSjfu/kZurk gS] bu nks fcUnqvks dks ¼xjhch vkSj fu/kZurk½ ewy dkj.kks dks jkrksjkr lekIr ugh fd;ktk ldrk] rks mldk O;ogkfjd igyw ;g gS fdckyJe ds O;olk; dks fu;af=r dj fn;k tk;s,oa mldh le;≤ ij ekWuhVhfjax dh tk;s]rkfd cky nqO;Zogkj ij vadq’k yxsA

lanHkZ lwph1- ¼1984½ 2 ,l-lh-lh- 2442- ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1991 ,l-lh- 4173- ¼1996½ 6 ,l-lh-lh- 7564- ¼1993½ 2 ,l-lh-lh- 4115- ¼1989½ 2 ,l-lh-lh- 6096- ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1990 ,l-lh- 292

veeieewo jepÙe kesâ MeemekeâeW keâe keâuee ceW Ùeesieoeve [e@. megOee meesveer

[ 63 ]

* ØeeOÙeehekeâ (Fefleneme), MeemekeâerÙe keâvÙee ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

ukxksa dk eqf[k;k vejukFk Hkkjf'ko Fkk] mldsuke ls lkjk {ks= Fkj&Fkj dk¡irk Fkk] tuJqfr gSfd mUgksaus veju unh ds fdukjs fdlh ukxklU;klh dks ;q) esa ijkftr dj oèk dj fn;kFkkA jktk pSu flag us mpsgjk dh jktèkkuhukxkSn LFkkukarfjr fd;k] pw¡fd 'kklu O;oLFkk,oa lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls vuqdwy izrhr gksrk gqvk]bls jktèkkuh ds fy, Bhd <ax ls clk;k ,oa oèkdk LFky gksus ds dkj.k uxj dk uke ukxkk|**iM+kA tks fcxM+dj ûkxkSn* gksa x;kA ukxkSnjktèkkuh dh LFkkiuk 1742 esa gqbZA2

ukxkSn jkT; foUè;kapy dh mikR;dkvksa dseè; fLFkr gS] iwoZ dh vkSj bldh lhek Velunh dks Li'kZ djrh gSA nf{k.k esa] ukxkSn jkT;

eSgj dh igkfM+;ksa rd QSyk gqvk gSA if'pe dhvksj bl jkT; dh lhek,a foUè;kapy ioZr dhvksj iUuk Js.kh rd QSyh gqbZ gSA mRrj fn'kk esaflagiqj xkao rd bl jkT; dh lhek gSA

ukxkSn esa ifjgkjksa dk 'kklu Hkkstjkt ifjgkj¼1492&1503 bZ-½ ls izkjaHk gksrk gSA 1478 bZ- esaHkkstjkt mpsgjk uxj vkdj ogkWa viuh jktèkkuhLFkkfir dhA3

ukxkSn jkT; ds ifjgkj jktk LFkkiR; dsizseh Fks bu jktkvksa us nqxZ x<+h rkykc ckofy;ksadk fuekZ.k djk;kA

Hkkstjkt us mPpdYi ds nqxZ dh ejEerdjk;h] c:vk unh ds if'pe esa ,d lqUnj x<+hdk fuekZ.k djok;k rFkk uxj esa ,d ljksoj ,oa

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Year-2016Vol. 4


MeesOe meejebMeukxkSn jkT; 24@120 vkSj 24@190 mRrjh v{kka'k ,oa 800 @28 rFkk

800@53 ns'kkUrj iwohZ ds chp fLFkr gSA1 izkÑfrd lEink vkSj lq"kek ls lEiUuukxkSn jkT; dks HkkSxksfyd n`f"V ls Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gSAnf{k.k&if'pe dk foLr`r ioZrh; {ks= vkSj mRrj&iwoZ dk Ñf"k eSnku gSAorZeku esa ioZrh; {ks=ksa ds vfèkdka'k Hkkx dks dkV&NkaV dj Ñf"k Hkwfe esaifjofrZr dj fn;k x;k gSA jktoa'kksa ds 'kkludky esa ukxkSn dk nf{k.k&if'pehHkkx l?ku ou izkUr FkkA bl Hkkx esa oU; izkf.k;ksa ds vykok vkfne tkfr;ksa dsNksVs&NksVs xk¡o FksA


ckoyh cuok;hA4 mPp dYi dk orZeku ukempsgjk gS ifjgkjksa esa izpfyr fdonafr;ksa ds vuqlkjmuds iwoZt iobZ gksrs gq, eÅ vk;s rFkk mpsgjkds iqjkus jkT; dks vius vfèkdkj esa ysus esalQy gq;s Hkkstjkt ds 'kkludky ls x<+h] fdys]nqxZ fuekZ.k dk dk;Z izkjaHk gks tkrk gS] Hkkstjktds 'kkludky ls izkjaHk gks tkrk gS] Hkkstjkt uso:vk ---- us o:vk ukys ds if'pe es alU;kfl;ksads LFkku ij viuh x<+h cuokbZ5 ds if'pe esalU;kfl;ksa ds LFkku ij viuh ,d x<+h dkfuekZ.k djk;kA blds ckn Hkkjr'kkg 1612&1648bZ- rd flagkluk:<+ jgsA

Hkkjr 'kkg us mpsgjk ,oa jfgdokjk dhxf<+;ksa dk fuekZ.k djk;kA Hkkjr'kkg dh jkuhykMyh us jfgdkokjk esa ,d rkykc dk fuekZ.kdjk;k FkkA bls jkuh rkykc dgk tkrk gSA6

Qdhj'kkg ds ckn pSu flag ¼1720&1748bZ-½ us 'kklu dk Hkkj lEgkykA pSu flag us tcjkT; dk 'kklu lw= vius gkFk fy;k rc jkT;dk foLrkj i'peksRrj esa dsu unh rd gks x;kFkkA bl foLr`r Hkw&Hkkx dk izcaèk mpsgjk ls ughagks ik jgk FkkA vr% jkT; ds eè; esa jktèkkuhcukus dh vko';drk izrhr gqbZA7

pSu flag us ukxkSn dksV ds vanj cuslU;kfl;ksa ds Hkouksa dh ejEer djk;h vkSjegy dk fuekZ.k djk;kA mudh NksVh jkuhjkekèkkj us ukxkSn uxj ds if'pe esa ,d rkykccuok;k FkkA ftls jkuh rkykc ds uke ls tkuktkrk gSA8

1748 bZ- esa vgykn flag us ukxkSn jkT; dk'kklu lEgkyk vkSj blds lkFk gh ukxkSn fdysdk ckgjh dksV cuokuk izkjaHk fd;kA ukxkSn x<+hvgykn flag us cuok;k FkkA ukxkSn x<+h dslkeus dk izos'k }kj bathfu;j iafMr ckads fcgkjh

us 1912&13 esa cuk;kA x<+h esa nks jgkbZl cM+hjgkbZl rFkk NksVh jgkbZl ds uke ls tkuh tkrhgSA izos'k }kj ls lkeus gh njckj gky gSA eq[;njckj gky 3555 mlds cxy esa 1760 rFkkHkwfexr 1750 ,oa if'pe dh vksj 1330 dk,d vU; gky gSA njckj gky ds lkeus nks dejsgSa] ftuesa ck;ha vksj dkxtkr rFkk nk;ha vksjU;k; djrs FksA x<+h ds vanj pkj dq,¡ FksA ftuesanks lqjf{kr gSaA orZeku esa x<+h ds mRrj nf{k.kds dq,¡ mi;ksx esa yk, tk jgs gSaA x<+h esa 6 cqtZgSA jeuk eSnku esa n'kgjs esa vkehZ ls egkjktlykeh ysrs FksA x<+h dk {ks=Qy yxHkx 5 ,dM+dh Hkwfe ij gSA x<+h lEiw.kZ ij dksVs ds vanj gSAizos'k }kj ds ck;ha vksj lqjax FkhA tks ckjk iRFkjds rkykc esa fLFkr eafnj esa fudyrh FkhA tksorZeku esa can dj nh x;h gSA

f'kojkt flag 1780&1818 bZ- & jktk vgyknflag dh vlkekftd e`R;q ds ckn f'kojkt flagrhu o"kZ dh voLFkk esa jkT;kfèkdkjh gq;sA mUgksausekrqJh vkèkkjdqaokfj dh laj{k.k esa 'kklu fd;kA

cyHknz flag 1818&1831 bZ- & 1818 bZ- esacyHknz flag ukxkSn jkT; dh xn~nh ds vfèkdkjhgq;sA jktk cyHknz flag ds 'kkludky esa rk¡cs dk,d fo'ks"k izdkj dk flDdk pyk;k FkkA ftlesa^tjc jhok* rFkk ^t[k flDdk jhok* vafdr FkkA

jk?kosUnz flag 1831&1874 bZ- & ukxkSn jkT;ls firk cyHknz flag ds fuokZflr gksus ds cknmuds vo;Ld iq= jk?kosUnz jktk cus] mudsukckfyd gksus ds dkj.k 1831 bZ- ls 1938 bZ-rd ukxkSn fj;k;lr dksVZ vkWQ okMZ jghA

;knosUnz flag 1874&1922 bZ- & firk jk?kosUnzflag dh eR;q ds ckn ;knosUnz flag dk jkT;kfHk"ksdgqvkA ml le; ;knosUnz flag 19 o"kZ ds FksA 12twu 1878 bZ- dks vkidk jkT;kfHk"ksd gqvkA


ijgjsUnz flag jkT; mRrjkfèkdkjh gq,A egsUnzflag 1926 bZ- ls 15 vxLr 1947 bZ- rdA

ujgjsUnz flag dh eR;q ds i'pkr~ vYi o;LdegsUnz flag jktk gq,A vo;Ld gksus ds dkj.kukxkSn jkT; dk 'kklu vaxzst ljdkj ds gkFk esapyk x;kA

mpsgjk x<+h&mpsgjk x<+h esa nks jgkbZl FkhA ftUgsa NksVh

jgkbZl rFkk cM+h jgkbZl ds uke ls tkuk tkrkFkk] NksVh jgkbZl u"V gks x;h gSA tcfd cM+hjgkbZ'k esa egkjkt lkgc fuokl dj jgs gSaA ;sjgkbZl ,d leku cuh gqbZ FkhA x<+h esa esgjkcnkjnks njokts gSaA njokts ds igys LraHkksa ij vkèkkfjrcjk.Mk gSA ftlesa dpsgjh yxrh FkhA x<+h dkf'kyk[kkuk rhu dejksa dk gSA x<+h ds nkfguhxqtsZ ds ikl etkj gSA x<+h izLrj [k.M dsijdksVs ls f?kjk gqvk gSA nkfguh vksj gh lsukvLrcy FkkA NksVh ,oa cM+h jgkbZlksa nksuksa esaty ds fy, dq,¡ FksA ftlesa cM+h jgkbZl dk ghdqvkWa lqjf{kr gSA x<+h ds ck;ha vksj lSfudksa dsjgus ds fy, dejs rFkk xqly[kkuk vkfn cus gq,FksA ujsUnz flag dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ Hkkjr'kkgjktk gq,A mUgksaus mpsgjk ,oa jfgdokjk dh xf<+;kcukbZA

bykdk HkVuokjk ¼1627 bZ-½ & jktk lkgcHkkjr'kkg ds NksVs iq= enu'kkg FksA budks bykdkHkVuokjk tek deky 2500@& :- lkykukvkenuh izkIr gqvkA 1627 bZ- dks HkVuokjk x<+hcuok;h xbZA ftlesa 15 ekSts FksA

bykdk fii'ks[kj ¼1686 bZ-½ & jktk lkgci`Fohjkt flag ds nwljs iq= dhjr flag tw nsoFksA budks bykdk fiijks[kj 1686 bZ- esa feykrFkk x<+h dk fuekZ.k djk;k x;kA

bykdk mejgV ¼1780 bZ-½ & jktk lkgcvgykn flag ds f}rh; iq= fnyjkt flag dksbykdk mejgV 1780 bZ- dks tek deky 4250:- lkykuk vkenuh fgLlk esa izkIr gqvkA ftlesa6 ekSts FksA ;g x<+h fgLls ckaV ds ckn cuok;hx;hA

bykdk irkSjk ¼1788 bZ-½ & jktk lkgcvgykn ds r`rh; iq= efgiky flag dks bykdkirkSjk 1788 bZ- esa izkIr gqvkA bykdk irkSjk tekdeky 3340@& :- lkykuk vkenuh FkhA ftlesa17 ekSts FksA lksyadh x<+h dk fuekZ.k 1780 bZ- esadjk;k x;k FkkA

bykdk ftxugV ¼1870 bZ-½ & jktk lkgccyHknz flag ds rhljs iq= N=lky flag dks1870 bZ- esa bykdk ftxugV izkIr gqvkA ftlesatek deky 4800@& :- uxn ekgokj ukxkSnjkT; ls fn, x,A bykds esa 7 ekSts fn, x,A

bykdk dksM+j ¼lqjngk½ & 1720 bZ- & Bkdqjlkgc nsoh flag ds nwljs iq= NBoha ih<+h dsxqeku flag dks 1720 bZ- esa ekStk dksM+j tekdeky 400@& :- fn, x,A ;g x<+h lqn`<+ ,oalqanj gSA

bykdk dqangjh ¼1720 bZ-½ & jktk lkgcQdhj'kkg ds rhljs iq= c[rkoj flag mQZNksVsyky flag dks dqangjh rFkk ykyiqj ekStk1720 bZ- esa feykA ftlesa x<+h dk fuekZ.k djk;kx;k FkkA

bykdkjxyk & 1620 bZ- ls 1630 bZ- &jktk lkgc ujsUnz 'kkg ds ,oa yxjxoka feydjtek deky 500@& fn;s x;sA x<+h dkfuekZ.kdky blh le; dk gSA

jfgdokjk x<+h&jfgdokjk x<+h ukxkSn lqjngk ekxZ ij ukxkSn

ls jfgdokjk x<+h ij rsyh jktk èkkj flag dk


izHkqRo Fkk] ifjgkj oa'kt ds jktk Hkkstjkt vk;svc mpsgjk uxj esa ifjgkjh jkT; dk vfLrRo uFkkA lksgx<+ esa bl {ks= ds iqjkus 'kkld rsfy;ksadk vkSj mpsgjk ij lU;kfl;ksa ¼ifjozktdksa½ dkvfèkdkj FkkA lU;klh Hkh bl Hkw&Hkkx ds izkphu'kkld jg pqds Fks vkSj vc Hkh LFkku&LFkku ijmuds vM~Ms FksA

Hkkstjkt ds ckn dju nso 'kkld gq,ArRi'pkr~ ujsUnz flag ds lkezkT; dh ckxMksjvius gkFk esa yhA ujsUnz 'kkg lezkV vdcj dsledkyhu FksA ujsUnz'kkg dh e`R;q ds ckn1610&48 bZ- rd Hkkjr'kkg jktk gq,A Hkkjr'kkgus psgjk ,oa jfgdokjk dh xf<+;ksa dk fuekZ.kdjk;kA orZeku esa x<+h th.kZ&'kh.kZ voLFkk esagSA ;g iw.kZr% u"V gksrh tk jgh gSA

mpsgjk ckoM+h &mpsgjk esa fLFkr ckoM+h pkSjkgk esa ckoM+h gSA

bl LFkku dh ckoM+h pkSjkgk ds uke ls tkuktkrk gSA mpsgjk esa jktk vgykn flag us¼1749&1780 bZ-½ jkteafnj mpsgjk jkt ifjokjds nXèkLFky ij ckoyh dk fuekZ.k djk;k x;ktks vkt Hkh fo|eku gSA

lanHkZ xzaFk&1- djhe] eksgEen Qty] 1945] ukxkSn jkT; dk

Hkqxksy] ukxkSnA2- ifjgkj] vuqie flag] 2006&07] foUè; {ks= ds

izfrgkj oa'k dk ,sfrgkfld vuq'khyu ¼'kksèkizcaèk½] i`"B 115-

3- jkèks'kj.k] 2001] foUè; {ks= dk bfrgkl] Hkksiky]i`"B 465-

4- ifjgkj] vuqie flag] 2006&07] foUè; {ks= dsizfrgkjoa'k dk bfrgkl] lruk] i`"B 104-

5- ifjgkj] vuqie flag] 2006&07] foUè; {ks= dsizfrgkj oa'k dk bfrgkl] lruk] i`"B 104-

6- ifjgkj] jkey[ku flag] 1995] izfrgkj jktiwrksadk bfrgkl] lruk] i`"B&97-

7- ifjgkj] jkey[ku flag] 1995] izfrgkj] jktiwrksadk bfrgkl] lruk] i`"B 11&186A

8- lksyadh] js[kk flag] 2009&10 ukxkSn jkT; dkiqjkrkfRod losZ{k.k ¼y?kq 'kksèk izcaèk½ v-iz-flagfo-fo-] i`"B 26A

9- ifjgkj] jkey[ku flag] 1995] izfrgkj] jktiwrksadk bfrgkl] lruk] i`"B&115-

10- lun Øekad 83] 1859 bZ- VhMªht baxstesUV,.M lunl [k.M&5] i`"B 267&68-

11- ifjgkj] jkey[ku flag] 1995] izfrgkj jktiwrksadk bfrgkl] lruk] i`"B 115

MeesOe meejebMe

DeeÙee&JeleeaÙe heJe&le SJeb keâeefueoeme : Skeâ Yeewieesefuekeâ DeOÙeÙeve [e@. Meeruesvõ kegâceej hee"keâ

[ 67 ]

egkdfo dkfynkl dh miyC/k lkr jpukvksa es rkRdkfyd HkkSxksfydifjfLFkfr dk ;FkkFkZ o.kZu miyC/k gks tkrk gS tks vkt Hkh thoUr :i es gekjslEeq[k n`’VO; gSA ;|fi dkfynkl Hkwxksy ds f”k{kd ds :i es dgh dk;ZjrFks ,slk dksbZ izek.k miyC/k ugha gks ldk gS fQj Hkh mudk HkkxkSfyd Kkujk’Vªokn rFkk izd`frokn ds lUnHkZ es u dsoy v/;;ujr Nk=ksa ds fy, vfirqvk/kqfud f”k{kdksa ds fy, Hkh vkn”kZ gSA ftles Hkjrh; ioZrksa dh m¡pkbZ] mudsfoLrkj] cukoV rFkk mues mxusokyh vkS’kf/k;ksa ,oa mu ioZrksa dk jktuSfrd]lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd egÙo vkfn dk lkaxksikax o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA

* efJeYeeieeOÙe#e (mebmke=âle), Ùecegvee Øemeeo Meem$eer ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, mesceefjÙee, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

fo”o dh izkphure~ Hkk’kkvksa es vxzx.;laLÑr Hkk’kk dh le`f) dk dkj.k ;fn vUos’k.kdk eq[; fo’k; cuk fy;k tk; rks lewpk thoumlds vUos”k.k es gh lekfgr gks tk;sxk fdUrqrc Hkh fuf”pr:i ls ;g dg ikuk furkUrdfBu izrhr gksxk fd mldh fo”ks’krkvksa dhx.kuk dh tk ldrh gSA

mlh laLÑr Hkk’kk es fuc) egkdfodkfynkl dh miyCèk lkr jpukvksa esa rkRdkfydHkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr dk ;FkkFkZ o.kZu miyCèk gkstkrk gS tks vkt Hkh thoUr :i es gekjs lEeq[kn`’VO; gSA ;|fi dkfynkl Hkwxksy ds f”k{kdds :i esa dgh dk;Zjr Fks ,slk dksbZ izek.kmiyCèk ugha gks ldk gS fQj Hkh mudk HkkxkSfyd

Kku jk’Vªokn rFkk izÑfrokn ds lUnHkZ esa udsoy vè;;ujr Nk=ksa ds fy, vfirq vkèkqfudf”k{kdksa ds fy, Hkh vkn”kZ gSA

egkdfo izÑfr ds iqtkjh gSaA ;g ckrfufoZokn :i ls fl) gks pqdh gSA rHkh rks mudhjpukvksa ins&ins izÑfr dh eukje >kadh dslgt n”kZu gks tkrs gSA izÑfr dk uSlfxZdfp=.k ioZrksa ds fcuk fdlh Hkh fLFkfr es iw.kZ ughaekuk tk ldrkA vr% egkdfo us viuh jpukvksaes vk;kZorZ ds leLr ioZrksa dk euksgkjh fp=.kizLrqr fd;k gSA ;Fkk&

ey;&ey; ioZr egkdfo dks vR;Ur fiz; gS] os

lqdqekj Hkkoksa ds pgsrs dfo gSa] dfork dks ltkus

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DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



esa os Jàxkj dks vL= ds :i esa iz;ksx djrs gSa]vr% mldh fo”ks’krkvksa dk o.kZu djrs gq,egkdfo us dgk gS fd] ogk¡ ls gksdj ogusokyhiou dkeksÙkstd gSA vr% ogk¡ ls cgus okyh ok;qds izHkko ml {ks= esa fuokl djusokys ukxfjdksads eu esa dke fodkj mRiUu gks tkrk gSA1 jktkiq#jok vius eu dh O;Fkk dks izdV djrs gq,vius fe= fonw’kd ls dgrk gS fd] ey; ioZrpUnu ds o`{kksa ds fy, izfl) gSA lEiw.kZ vk;kZorZds fuoklh ey; ioZr ls ykbZ gqbZ pUnu dhyrkvksa ls viuh nsg dk Jàxkj djrs gSaA ey;ioZr ds pUnu o`{k es vkS’kèkh; xq.k fo|eku gSaA“kdqUryk dgrh gSa fd&^^vc eSa fookgksijkUrvius firk ls nwj ifrx`g es tkdj ey; ioZrdh m[kkM+h gqbZ yrk ds leku nwljs LFkku ijdSls thou èkkj.k dj ldw¡xh&

^êy;r:Uehfyrk pUnuyrso ns”kkUrjsthforqa èkkjf;’;rs**2

ey; ioZr dh yrkvksa dh fo”ks’krk ;g gSfd] ;s dsoy eu; ioZr esa gh thou èkkj.k djldrh gS vU;= ys tkus ij lw[k tkrh gSA

;g vo”; dgk tk ldrk gS fd] ogk¡ lsvU;= tkus ij Hkh budk vkS’kèkh; xq.k mlhizdkj fo|eku jgrk gSA

d Syk”k&dSykl ioZr dks dqcsj dk jkT; dgk x;k

gSA dSykl ioZr esa fuokl ;ksX; LFkku FkkA tgk¡dqcsj ¼èkuifr½ jkT; fd;k djrs FksA dqcsj dsnjokj es nsojkt bUnz dh vIljk;sa u`R; ds fy,tk;k djrh FkhaA tks vkdk”k ekxZ ls xeukxeudjrh FkhaA ftUgsa ds”kh nSR; us cykr idM+fy;k Fkk vkSj vkd”kekxZ ls ysdj tk jgk FkkAmoZ”kh dh lf[k;ksa }kjk ph[k&iqdkj djus ij

tc ;g o`ÙkkUr jktk iq#jok dks Kkr gksrk gSrc mlds }kjk ml nqnkZUr nSR; dk oèk djfn;k x;k&

Å#n~Hkok ujl[kL; equs lqjL=h]dSyklukFkeuql`R; fuorZekukAcUnhÑrk focqèk “k=qfHkjèkZekxsZ]ØUnR;r% d#.keIljlkax.kks·;e~AA3

gsedwV ioZr&gsedwV ioZr fdai#’k o’kZ ds vUrxZr crk;k

x;k gSA4 gsedwV ioZr d”;i vkSj vfnfr dhriLFkyh ds :i esa izfl) gS5 tks iqjk.kksa es ekuotkfr ds vkfn iq#’k ekus zx;s gSaA

gsedwV ioZr dk mYys[k foØeksoZ”kh;e~ukVd es ml LFkku ij fd;k x;k gS tc ds”kh}kjk cUnh cukbZ xbZ moZ”kh dh [kkst esa jktkiq#jok tkrs gSa rFkk iqufeZyu ds fy, ogk¡ ;sfn[k jgs gsedwV ioZr dh vksj b”kkjk djrs gq,dgk x;k gS&^^,rfLeu~ gsedwV f”k[kjs**A6

vFkkZr~ blh gsedwV ioZr ds f”k[kj ijizrh{kk djuh gS] okil vkus ij ;gha feyu fd;ktk;sxkA lHkh vIljk;sa dgrh gSa] blh gsedwVioZr ds f”k[kj es feyuk Bhd gSA ge lHkh rcrd vkidh izrh{kk djrh gSA ,slk dgdj lHkhgsedwV ioZr ij p<+us dk vfHku; djrh gS&

^^bfr gsedwVf”k[kjs ukV~;sukfèkjksgfUr**7

xUèkeknu&fogkj djus ;ksX; ioZrksa es xUèkeknu ioZr

dks egkdfo us Js’B crk;k x;k gSA tSlk fdmlds ukedj.k ls gh izrhr gksrk gSA fp=ys[kkus moZ”kh ls dgk fd] fo|kèkj dU;k mn;orhus jktk iq#jok dks xUèkeknu ioZr dh vksjysdj fogkj djus ds fy, pyh xbZ ,slh vk”kadkdh xbZ gSA8


dqekjlaHko egkdkO; esa xUèkeknu ioZr dksvks’kfèkizLFk uxjh tgk¡ ioZrjkt fgeky; fuokldjrs gSa] dk miou Hkh dgk x;k gSSSA xUèkeknudks dYio`{kksa dh Nk;k ls ;qDr crk;k x;k gS&

lUrkudr:PNk;klqIrfo|kèkjkèoxee~A;L; pksioua ckáa xUèkon~xUèkeknue~AA9

lqjfHkdUnj&vR;Ur je.kh; ^lqjfHkdUnj* uked ioZr

gSA ftldh je.kh;rk dk o.kZu djrs gq, egkdfodgrs gSa fd] og ioZr bruk je.kh; gS fd] dksbZHkh O;fDr ogk¡ tkdj mldh je.kh;rk dks ns[kdjcqf) Hkze esa iM+dj [kks ldrk gS& ^lqjfHk dUnjksuke fo”ks’k je.kh;% lkuqekuk& oyksD;rsA** lEHkogks ogk¡ dh izkÑfrd xqQk;sa ,slh gksa tgk¡ tkusij ekxZ dh izrhfr lgtr;k u gksrh gksA

fgeky;&egkdfo dks fgeky; lcls vfèkd fiz; gSA

;|fi ;g dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gS fd] fgeky;egkdfo dks fiz; gSA fgeky; dh je.kh;rk Lor%lcds eu dks viuh vksj vkdf’kZr dj ysrh gSAdfo rks lqdqekj ân; gksrk gSA Hkkoukvksa dhlokjh djuk mldks fiz; gksrk gSA vr% Hkkoksa esavk:<+ dfo us fgeky; tSls ije ikou ioZr dksikdj ^dqekj laHko* egkdkO; es mls ioZrjktdh laKk iznku dh gSA10

fgeky; dkfynkl dh eu%fLFkfr esa vn~HkqrgSA dsoy ;g xkSjo fgeky; dks gh izkIr gS fd]og ioZr :i es tM+ gS rFkk og lkFk gh “kjhjèkkjhHkh gSA11

lqes#&lqes# ioZrksa dh Å¡pkbZ dh b;Ùkk gSA

vkè;kfRed txr esa Hkh lqes# dk mYys[k fd;kx;k gSA ti ekyk gks ;k èkkj.k djus okyh

ekyk] nksuksa izdkj dh ekykvksa ds ,d lkS vkBeudksa ds Åij LFkku gS lqes# dkA lÙkkblu{k=ksa dh pkj vko`fÙk ds Åij dk LFkku lqes#dk gSA ekyktki es Hkh lqes# dk mYya?ku oftZrgSA bu rF;ksa ls ;g fl) gksrk gS fd] lqes# ghfo”o esa og ioZr gS ftls yka?kk ugha tk ldrkAegkdfo ds }kjk fgeky; ioZr dh efgek dkxku djrs gq, mls lqes# ioZr dh mÙkqax pksfV;ksals mifer fd;k x;k gSA ftl izek.k ls Hkh ;gfl) gksrk gS fd] lqes# ioZr lcls vfèkd Å¡pkioZr gSA egkdfo dks xoZ gS fd] os ,sls ioZrksaokyh Hkwfe ds oklh gSa] tgk¡ lqesa# tSlk mÙkqaxioZr gSA eqDrd.B ls mldh iz”kaLkk djrs gq,egkdfo dgrs gSa&

;K Hkkx Hkqtka eè;s inekrkEcq’kk Ro;kAmPpSfgZj.;e;a J`xa lqesjksfoZrLohÑre~AA12

fu’d’k Z&izLrqr “kksèk dk fu’d"kZ ;g gS fd] egkdfo

us ekuo thou dks ioZrksa ls tksM+us dk dk;Zfd;k gSA muds vuqlkj ioZr ekuo ds fy,ijeksi;ksxh gSa] ogk¡ ls u dsoy euksjatu vfirqlqj{kk vkSj thouksi;ksxh lHkh izdkj dh oLrqvksadh izkfIr gksrh gSA izÑfr dh uSlfxZd lqjE;rkrks gS ghA

lUnHkZ1- ^^bnelqyHk& oLrq izkFkZuk & nqfuZokja] izFkeefi

euks es iapck.k% f{k.kksfrA fdeqr ey;&okrksUewfyrkik.Mqi=S%] #iou&lgdkjSnZf”krs’oadqjs’kqAA ¼foØeksoZ”kh;e~ 2@6

2- vfHkKku “kkdqUrye~ i`0 2103- foØeksoZ”kh;e~ 1@44- ^êkrfy%&vk;q’;eu~! ,’k [kyq gsedwVks uke

fdEiq#’kioZrLri% laflf){k=e~A**¼vfHkKku “kkdqUrye~ i`- 371½


5- Lok;aHkqokUejhps;Z% izoHkwo iztkifr%AfoØeksoZ”kh;e~ i`- 11

6- foØeksoZ”kh;e~ i`- 137- ^^moZ”kh fdy ra jfrlgk;a jktf’kZeekR;s’kq

fuosf”krjkT;iqja x`ghRok xUèkeknuoua fogrqZaxrk** ¼foØeksoZ”kh;e~ i`- 151½

8- dqekjlaHko egkdkO;e~ 6@469- vFk fo”okReus xkSjh lfUnns”k feFk% l[khe~A

nkrk es HkwHk`rka ukFk% izek.khfØ;rkfefrAA¼dqekj laHko egkdkO; 6@1½

10- taxea izS’;Hkkos o% LFkkoja pj.kkafdre~AfoHkDrkuqxzga eU;s f}:iefi es oiq%AA¼dqekj laHko egkdkO; 6@58½

11- dqekjlaHko egkdkO; 6@7112- lqjklqjxq#% lks·= liRuhdLriL;frAA

¼vfHkKku “kkdqUrye~ 7@9½

MeesOe meejebMe

Debleje&°êrÙe mebyebOeeW ceW j#ee mecePeewleeW kesâ veÙes DeeÙeece [e@. jesefnle kegâceej efleJeejer

[ 71 ]

vkt ekuo foKku ds ;qx esa lkalsa ys jgk gS vkSj vius dks fodflr rFkkfodklksUeq[kh ekudj gf’kZr vkSj xfoZr Hkh gks jgk gSA ;g lkspuk lq[kn gS fdUrqmlds lkFk gh fodkl dh vaèkh gksM+ esa bZ’;kZ] izfr}fUnrk rFkk vkilh ruko Hkhgesa izÑfr ls migkj ds :i esa izkIr gks jgs gSaA ,sls esa fodkl dh ;g yhykfdruh lq[kn gksxh bldh dYiuk djuk gh Hk;kog izrhr gksrh gSA Hkkjrh;n”kZu ds vuqlkj thou ds nl lq[kksa esa pkSFkk lq[k v”k=qrk dks ekuk x;k gS]ftlds fy, vko”;d gS fd] gekjs jk’Vª dk vius iM+kslh jk’Vª ls vPNs lEcUèkcus jgsaA ge ijLij ,d nwljs ds fodkl esa lg;ksx djrs jgsaA blds fy,vko”;d gS fd] lHkh jk’Vª vius ns”k ds mRiknukfn lalkèkuksa dks feydjckaVdj miHkksx djus dh uhfr dk fuèkkZj.k djsaA izLrqr “kksèk vkys[k esa blhfo’k; dks “kksèk dk eq[; fo’k; fuf”pr dj “kksèk fd;k x;k gSA tks fo”o dsjk’Vªksa ds izfr eS=h&Hkko dks c<+kdj vUrjkZ’Vªh; lEcUèkksa ds lqèkkj esa vgeHkwfedk dk fuoZgu dj ldsxkA

* DeefleefLe efJeÉeve (jepeveerefleMeem$e), heb. jeceefkeâMeesj Megkeäue mce=efle Mee. keâuee SJeb JeeefCepÙe ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, yÙeewnejer,efpeuee—Men[esue (ce.Øe.)

varjkZ’Vªh; lacaèk ds {ks= esa Hkkjr us fiNysdqN o’kksZa esa ubZ Å¡pkb;ka r; dh gSaA gkykafdbl le;karjky esa lHkh {ks=ksa esa Hkkjr dk izn”kZupkSrjQk fodkl okyk jgk gS ysfdu ;g dgukxyr ugha gksxk fd ljdkj dh lcls cM+hdke;kch varjkZ’Vªh; lacaèkksa ds {ks= esa jgh gSA;g vfr”k;ksfDr ugha gksxk fd bl o’kZ dsnkSjku fo”o leqnk; esa Hkkjr dh gSfl;r c<+hgSA lqj{kk vkSj fons”k uhfr ,d nwljs ls tqM+s

gq, gSa rFkk ifj.kkeLo:Ik fdlh jk’Vª jkT; dhlqj{kk fpark,¡ mlds varjkZ’Vªh; lacaèkksa dks r;djrh gSaA

ljdkj us Hkkjr ds <k¡ps dk bLrseky j{kklekuksa ds lcls cM+s vk;krd ds :Ik esa esd bubafM;k^ dh [kkfrj fons”kh daifu;ksa dks vkdf’kZrdjus ds fy, fd;kA daifu;k¡ ,d cM+s fuekZ.kvkns”k rFkk lLrs Je ds izfr vk”oLr gksaxh]tcfd Hkkjr dh lqj{kk midj.kksa dks ysdj

SH

O

DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



Hkjkslsean gksxh] lkFk&gh&lkFk blls jkstxkjl`tu dh laHkkoukvksa dks Hkh cy feysxk D;kasfdblls Hkkjr esa dbZ rduhdsa lkèkkj.kr;k fofHkUuizfrcaèkkRed “kkluksa }kjk fu;af=r gksrh gSa] ,slsesa vkOk”;d gS fd ljdkj fons”kh ljdkjksa dslkFk ckrphr djs rkfd bu rduhdksa dh jkg esavkus okyh :dkoVksa dks nwj fd;k tk ldsA

jkT; ljdkj us lÙkk esa vkrs gh viusiM+kslh ns”kksa dks vius “kiFk xzg.k lekjksg esavkeaf=r fd;k rFkk mUgsa vk”oLr djus dhdksf”k”k dh fd Hkkjr dk fo”kky j{kk cyfdlh dks Mjkus&èkedkus ds fy;s ugha gS] cfYdizkÑfrd vkink rFkk vU; oSf”od vkink dsle; mUkdh enn djus ds fy;s gS] tSlk fdHkkjrh; lsuk us Hkwdai ihfM+r usiky dh lgk;rkesa viuh vfxze Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA Bhd mlhrjg] bjkd rFkk ;eu esa la?k’kZ {ks=ksa ls Hkkjrh;QkSt iM+kslh ns”kksa ds ukxfjdksa dks fudkydjckgj lqjf{kr ys vkbZA ;g lky bl ckr dk Hkhxokg gS fd fdl rjg Hkkjr dh lqj{kk dksetcwr djus ds fy;s ljdkj us dbZ ns”kksa dslkFk lkefjd Hkkxhnkjh dh gS rFkk ekStwnk lkefjdHkkxhnkjh dks vkSj etcwr fd;k gSA

nf{k.k ,f”k;k ds ckgj izèkkuea=h us igysf}i{kh; fons”kh nkSjs ds nkSjku] Hkkjr&tkikuf}i{kh; lacaèk dks ^fo”ks’k oSf”od lkefjdHkkxhnkjh^ ds Lrj rd igq¡puk rFkk j{kk {ks= esalg;ksx vkSj vknku&iznku ds ,d Kkiu ijgLrk{kj fd,A Hkkjr vkSj tkiku us fopkj&foe”kZdh “kq:vkr djrs gq, lSU; midj.k lg;ksxdks c<+kok nsus dh “kq:vkr djrs gq;s rFkk tkikuh;w,l&2 mHk;pj foEkku dh fcØh ds fy;s rkSjrjhdksa ij fopkj&foe”kZ esa rsth ykrs gq, viusj{kk lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsus rFkk mls etcwrdjus dk fu.kZ; Hkh fy;kA j{kk izkS|ksfxdh vkSj

midj.kksa esa lg;ksx] “kkafr vkSj fLFkjrk rFkkleqnzh lqj{kk esa vius lk>k fgrksa ds nksgjkuslesr la;qDr foKfIr esa j{kk lg;ksx ds fy, ,du;k tksj vkSj ubZ fn”kk nsus ds fy;s nksuksans”kksa ds bjknksa dk ladsr fn[kkA blls HkhT;knk egRoiw.kZ gS fd tkiku us fgUnqLrku,;jksukWfVDl fyfeVsM ¼,y-,-,y-½ rFkk ikap vU;Hkkjrh; laLFkkvksa ij ls izfrcaèk mBk fy;k] tksizfrcaèk] 1998 ds ijek.kq ijh{k.k ds ckn yxk;kx;k FkkA ukS lSfud vH;kl dh Hkkjr&vesfjdkekykckj Ja[kyk esa tkiku dh fujarj Hkkxhnkjhds lkFk&lkFk nksuksa fu;fer Hkkxhnkjh dslkFk&lkFk nksuksa ns”k fu;fer leqnzh vH;klij Hkh lger gq,A izèkkuea=h us tkikuh m|ksxksadks êsd bu bafM;k^ dk;ZØe ds varxZr fuos”kdjus dk vkg~oku fd;k rFkk gj rjg dh enndk vk”oklu fn;kA

ml ;k=k ds ckn ls izèkkuea=h] fons”kea=h] fons”k jkT; ea=h ds nkSjs ds lkFk&lkFkHkkjr esa fons”kh x.kekU; O;fDr;ksa ds nkSjs dsifj.kkeLo:Ik j{kk lg;ksx ds {ks= eas egRoiw.kZlkSns gq,A j{kk lg;ksx ds {ks= esa izeq[k ?kVukvksaesa ls dqN fooj.k vkxs fn;k x;k gSA

Hkkjr&vesfjdk j{kk lg;ksx %&Lka;qDr jkT; vesfjdk oSf”od egk”kfDr

gS] tks j{kk ij yxHkx ,d frgkbZ oSf”od O;;[kpZ djrk gSA ;s nksuksa ckrsa blds izkS|ksfxdmRd’kZ ds lkFk feydj j{kk {ks= esa lg;ksx dsfy;s vesfjdk dks lcls egRoiw.kZ ns”k cuk nsrhgSaA bl lky ds nkSjku] Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk usj{kk esa etcwr lg;ksx ds fy;s ,d ubZ :ijs[kkle>kSrs ij vkèkkfjr gLrk{kj fd,A j{kk :ijs[kkle>kSrk ^Hkkjr dh j{kk {kerk c<+kus ds fy,mfpr mik;ksa ij dsfUnzr gSA tuojh esa vesfjdkjk’Vªifr dh ;k=k ds nkSjku 10 o’khZ; j{kk


:ijs[kk le>kSrs ds nkSjku bl le>kSrs dkuohuhdj.k fd;k x;k rFkk Hkkjr esa vesfjdhj{kk lfpo ,s”k dkVZj ds nkSjs ds nkSjku blle>kSrs ij vkSipkfjd rkSj ij gLrk{kj fd,x,A bl ;k=k us la;qDr :Ik ls tSfod vkSjjklk;fud ;q) ds f[kykQ lSfudksa ds fy,lqj{kkRed rS;kjh djus ds fy, ,d lkSns ijrFkk ÅtkZ mRiknu ds fy, ,d vU; lgefr ijHkh viuh eqgj yxkbZA

nksuksa ns”kksa ds chp j{kk lafèk;ksa ds foLrkjds fy, vk;ksftr Hkkjrh; usrkvksa ds lkFk okrkZdks ysdj Hkh ifj;kstukvksa dks eatwjh nh xbZAgky ds o’kksZa esa :l dks ihNs NksM+rs gq, la;qDrjkT; vesfjdk Hkkjrh; lsuk ds fy, vc gfFk;kjksads “kh’kZ lzksrksa esa ls ,d cu x;k gSA vesfjdk uslSU; izkS|ksfxdh ds la;qDr fodkl vkSj mRiknudh is”kd”k dh gSA nksuksa ifj;kstuk,¡ lSfudksads fy, lqj{kkRed vkoj.k ds lkFk&lkFk ;q){ks= ds fy, mUur ÅtkZ lzksr dks fodflr djusij dsfUnzr gSaA nksuksa ns”kksa }kjk leku :i ls10 Ykk[k MkWyj dh foRrh; lk>snkjh dh tk,xhA

nks vU; ifj;kstuk,¡ j{kk izkS|ksfxdh rFkkO;kikj igy ds vUrxZr gSA ftUgsa dkVZj us Lo;aj{kk ea=h cuus ls igys gh “kq: dh Fkh vkSj ;snksuksa ifj;kstuk,¡ lh&130ts lSU; ifjogu foekuds fy, jsosu feuh ;w,oh vkSj fuxjkuh ekWM;wyls lacafèkr gSA yxHkx rhu n”kd igys fczVsuls gkfly fd, x, rFkk iqjkus gksrs ekyokgdfoeku dh txg ubZ rduhd ls cuk, tk jgsekyokgd foeku ds fy, Hkkjr vesfjdh foekuykap izks|ksfxdh ij utj xM+k, gq, gSaA nksuksai{kksa ds chp lg;ksx dh Hkkoukvksa dk irk yxkusds fy, ,d dk;Z lewg dk xBu fd;k x;k gSAftldh cSBd la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa dh tk,xhAizèkkuea=h us mEehn trkbZ gS fd j{kk fofuekZ.k

{ks= esa dke djus okyh daiuh lesr vesfjdhdaifu;k¡ esd bu bafM;k* tSlh igy esa c<+&p<+dj viuh Hkkxhnkjh djsxh rFkk izkS|ksfxdh dsLFkkukarj.k ds lkFk esa viuh fofuekZ.k bdkb;k¡LFkkfir djsaxh rFkk oSf”od vkiwfrZ Ja`[kyk dslkFk tqM+sxhA

Hkkjr&Ýkal j{kk lg;ksx vkSj jkQsy lkSsnkj{kk dh nf’V ls izèkkuea=h dh lcls egRoiw.kZ

;k=kvksa esa ls ,d mudh Ýkal ;k+++=k FkhA Ýkalhlhjk’Vªifr jSadksbl gkWyaMs ds lkFk izèkkuea=h dhO;kid okrkZ ds ckn t;iqj rFkk egkjk’Vª esaijek.kq ifj;kstuk lesr j{kk vkSj lqj{kk ijizHkko ds lkFk djkj ij Hkkjr vkSj Ýkal usgLrk{kj fd,A tSriqj ifj;kstuk dh foRrh;O;ogk;Zrk esa lqèkkj ykus vkSj LFkkuh;dj.k esao`f) ls ykxr esa deh ykus ds y{; ds lkFkyklZu ,.M Vqczks rFkk ,jsok ds chp ,d lgefrij gLrk{kj gq,A ;g le>kSrk Hkkjr esa izkS|ksfxdhgLrkarj.k dks laHko cuk,xk rFkk Lons”kh ijek.kqÅtkZ m|ksx ds fodkl dks laHko cuk,xkA,uihlhbZ,y rFkk ,jsok ds chp izh&bathfu;fjaxle>kSrs gq, blls la;a= ds lHkh rduhdh igyqvksaij Li’Vrk ykus dk bjknk gS rkfd lHkh i{k¼vjsok] vkWyLVe rFkk ,uihlhvkbZ,y½ viuhdherksa dks vafre :i ns lds rFkk vc Hkh blifj;kstuk dh ykxr esa bl Lrj ij “kkfeytksf[keksa ds fy, lHkh izkoèkkuksa dk vuqdwyu djldsA gkyk¡fd le>kSrs ukxfjd ijek.kq ÅtkZ lslacafèkr gS] rFkkfi LFkkukarfjr fd, tk jgsizkS|ksfxdh dk bLrseky j{kk {ks= esa Hkh gksxk rFkkizèkkuea=h ekssnh dks êsd bu bafM;k* ifj;kstukdks Hkh etcwrh feysxhA nksuksa usrkvksa us varfj{kds {ks= esa lg;ksx ds fy, O;kid okrkZ dhHkkjr&Ýkal es?kk VªkWfidl mixzg ls nks lky dsvkadM+ksa ls foLrkj nsus ds fy, ,d le>kSrk


Kkiu ij Hkkjrh; varfj{k vè;;u ds fy, Ýkalhlhjk’Vªh; dsUnz ¼lh,ubZ,l½ ds chp gLrk{kj fd,x,] tks 2011 esa Hkkjrh; iz{ksi.k ;ku ih,l,yohls iz{ksfir fd;k x;k FkkA blls Hkh T;knk egRoiw.kZ;g gS fd ,d le>kSrk ds rgr mixzg lqnwjlaosnu] mixzg lapkj vkSj vU;ksa ds chp mixzgekSle foKku ds {ks= esa lg;ksx ds fy, nksvarfj{k laxBuksa ds chp gLrk{kj fd, x,A

gkyk¡fd lcls vge elkSns ij ml le;gLrk{kj gq, tc Ýkal ljdkj lkSnk djus dsfy, mM+ ldus dh gkyr okys 36 jkWQsy yM+kdwfoekuksa dh ;Fkk”kh?kz vkiwfrZ djus ij ljdkjksads chp ds lkSns ij lger gqbZA Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk us yacs le; ls 126 cgqmÌs”kh; foeku dhviuh vko”;drk ds jkWQsy dk p;u fd;kFkkA izkjafHkd 18 foekuksa ds vk;kr ds ckn buesals foekuksa dk Fkksd fofuekZ.k ,p-,-,y- esa gksukFkkA gkyk¡fd] lkSns my> x, Fks] D;ksafd Ýkalhlhdaiuh ,p-,-,y- ls fudyus okys foekuksa dhxkjaVh ysus ds fy;s Hkh rS;kj ugha FkhA blvM+pu ls lkSns ds dk;kZUo;u esa #dkoV vkbZFkhA blh chp Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk us viuh leL;kdks eglwl fd;k] D;ksafd bldh yM+kdw {kerkyxkrkj Nht jgh FkhA bl lkSns ds lkFk 36foekuksa dh mlh [ksi esa vkiwfrZ dh tk,xh] tSlkfd Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk }kjk tk¡p dh xbZ Fkh vkSjmldk vuqeksnu fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk Ýk¡l }kjk,d le; lhek ds vanj yacs foekuksa dsnh?kZdkfyd j[k&j[kko dh ftEesnkjh ds lkFkHkkjrh; ok;q lsuk dh lapkyu vko”;drk dslkFk rkyesy cuk;k tkuk gSA blds ckn ljdkj“ks’k jkf”k ds lacaèk esa dksbZ Hkh fu.kZ; ys ldrhgS ,oa laHkor% ,d iwoZ “krZ ds :Ik esa oSf”odfoØsrkvksa dks êsd bu bafM;k^ ds lkFk nsus dhis”kd”k dh tk ldrh gSA

Hkkjr&:l j{kk lg;ksx %&Lkksfo;r la?k vkSj mlds fo?kVu ds ckn ds

ik¡p n”kdksa ds nkSjku] :l Hkkjr dks j{kk lacaèkhlkt&vks&lkeku dh vkiwfrZ djus okyk izeq[kns”k jgk gSA ifj.kker% :l ds lkFk j{kk lg;ksxHkkjr ds fy;s csgn egRoiw.kZ gS] D;kasfd foifÙkvkSj vkikr fLFkfr esa :l ges”kk Hkkjr ds lkFk[kM+k gqvk gSA :l ges”kk Hkkjr ds lkFk [kM+kgqvk gSA :l jk’Vªifr iqfru us okf’kZd f”k[kjcSBd ds fy;s 11 flraCkj 2014 dks ubZ fnYyhdk nkSjk fd;k] tks fd izèkkuea=h ds dk;ZHkkjlaHkkyus ds ckn mudk igyk nkSjk FkkA f”k[kjcSBd esa izèkkuea=h us :l ds lkFk c<+rs lSU;lg;ksx ds mnkgj.k ds :Ik esa :l fufeZr foekuokgd vkbZ ,u ,l foØekfnR; dk ftØ fd;krFkk j{kk lacaèkksa ds nh?kZdkfyd fujarjrk dkladsr djrs gq, mYys[k fd;k fd Hkkjr ds iklfodYiksa ds c<+us ds ckotwn :l Hkkjr dk lclscM+k j{kk lk>hnkj cuk jgsxkA

Nksuksa i{k esd bu bafM;k^ dk;ZØe dks iwjkdjus ds fy;s Hkkjr esaa :lh izkS|ksfxdh ls cus,e-vkbZ-&17 rFkk dkekso ds 226 gsyhdkWIVj dsla;qDr mRiknu ij lger gq, rFkk bl ckr ijHkh lger gq, fd la;qDr fodkl rFkk gYdsifjogu foeku ds mRiknu TkSlh yafcrifj;kstukvksa esa rsth yk;h tk,A blh rjg]lq[kksbZ rFkk ,p-,-,y- }kjk la;qDr :i ls fodflrfd, tkus okys ik¡poha ih<+h ds la;qDr yM+kdwfoeku ij Hkh okrkZ gqbZA vafre fMtkbu vuqcaèkij tYn gh gLrk{kj fd, tkus dh mEehn gSA:l vkbZ-,u-,l- pØ ds ckn Hkkjr ds fy, ,dvkSj ijek.kq lapkfyr vdqyk Js.kh dh iuMqCchiV~Vs ij nsus ds fy;s lger gks x;k] tks igysls gh lsok esa gSA


j{kk ds {ks= esa ikfdLrku&:l lg;ksx dhgkfydk fjiksVZ esa ikfdLrku ds fy;s :lh,e-vkbZ-&35 geykokj gsyhdkWIVjksa dh laHkkforfcØh dks ysdj fo”ks’k :Ik ls Hkkjr esa dqNvk”kadk trkbZ xbZ FkhA gkykafd] Hkkjr esa :lhjktnwr us ,slh vk”kadk dks de djus dhdksf”k”k dh] tc mUgksaus dgk fd :l ,slkdksbZ dke ugha djsxk] ftlls Hkkjr dh lqj{kkdks fdlh rjg ls [krjk iSnk gksA blds cknHkkjr ds ,d lekpkj ,tsalh ls ,d lk{kkRdkjesa iqfru us Lo;a dgk fd :l&ikfdLrku le>kSrslgh ek;us esa Hkkjr ds nh?kZdkyhu fgr esa gSA^

Hkkjr&vkLVªsfy;k j{kk lg;ksx %&bl ,d lky ds nkSjku] Hkkjr vkSj vkLVªsfy;k

us Hkh f}i{kh; lqj{kk lg;ksx ds fy;s ,d :ijs[kkLFkkfir dhA nksuksa ns”kksa us {ks=h; “kkafr dksvkxs c<+kus vkSj vU; pqukSfr;ksa ds chp vkradokndk eqdkcyk djus ds fy;s vius j{kk mudsvkLVsªfy;kbZ led{k VkWuh ,ckWV us okrkZ dh vkSjnksuksa ns”kksa ds chp j{kk le>kSrs rFkk j{kk dsfoLrkj ,oa mls etcwt djus dks ysdj j{kklg;ksx ds fy, ,d :ijs[kk LFkkfir djus ijlger gq,A mUgksaus vkilh fgrksa ds {ks=ksa esavkLVªsfy;k vkSj Hkkjr ds chp lg;ksx vkSj ijke”kZesa rsth ykus ds fy, lajpuk LFkkfir dhA bllg;ksx dk izkFkfed è;ku leqnzh lqj{kk ij dsafnzrfd;k tk,xk] tSlk fd vkLVªsfy;kbZ laln dslkeus vius lacksèku esa izèkkuea=h us bls nksgjkrsgq, dgk] gesa leqnzh lqj{kk cuk, j[kus ij vfèkdlg;ksx djuk pkfg,A gesa leqnz ij ,d lkFkdke djuk pkfg, vkSj varjkZ’Vªh; eapksa ij gesavkilh lg;ksx djuk pkfg, rFkk gesa varjkZ’Vªh;dkuwu vkSj oSf”od ekunaMks ds vuq:Ik ,dlkoZHkkSfed lEeku ds fy;s dke djuk pkfg,A

;g vkg~oku igys gh leqnzh lqj{kk lg;ksxij E;kaekj esa vk;ksftr iwohZ ,f”k;k vkSj vkfl;kuf”k[kj esa fd;k x;k FkkA blds ckn Hkkjrh;rFkk vkWLVssªfy;kbZ nksuksa izèkkueaf=;ksa }kjk ,ddk;Z&;kstuk ds eqrkfcd] ,d okf’kZd f”k[kjlEesyu gksxk vkSj fons”k uhfr ds vknku&iznkuvkSj mldk lEkUo; fd;k tk,xkA bl ;kstukesa cgqi{kh; cSBdksa ds vykok izèkkueaf=;ksa dh,d okf’kZd cSBd “kkfey gSA blesa j{kk eaf=;ksadh fujarj cSBd] okf’kZd j{kk uhfr okrkZ,¡] fu;fermPp Lrjh; ;k=kvksa okyh lsok&nj&lsoklayXurk] okf’kZd deZpkjh okrkZ,¡] la;qDr izf”k{k.krFkk fu;fer vH;kl ,oa fu;fer f}i{kh; leqnzhvH;kl “kkfey gSA ;g dk;Z ;kstuk ;gvkLVªsfy;kbZ vkSj Hkkjrh; j{kk lkexzh izfrfufèkeaMyksa dh ;k=kvkas rFkk la;qDr m|ksx tqM+ko dksetcwt djus ds ekè;e ls j{kk “kksèkksa dh[kkst rFkk fodkl dks ysdj lg;ksx dk vkg~okudjrh gSA

Lkcls vge ckr gS fd vkradokn ds f[kykQrFkk vU; varjkZ’Vªh; vijkèkksa ij ,d la;qDrdk;Zdkjh lewg] rkRdkfyd foLQksVd midj.kksa]ce ?kVukvksa vkSj izkS|ksfxfd;ksa vkSj vU; lacafèkrigyqvksa dk eqdkcyk djus ij fo”ks’kKksa dschp vkradokn fojksèkh izf”k{k.k vkSj vknku&iznkuesa lg;ksx Hkh bl okf’kZd dk;Z&;kstuk ds vgefgLls gSaA dk;Z ;kstuk ds rgr gks jgh izxfr dhleh{kk LFkkfir LFkkxr O;oLFkk ds ekè;e ds dhtk;sxhA ftlesa fons”kh eaf=;ksa dh okrkZ rFkkj{kk eaf=;ksa dh cSBd “kkfey gSaA

vU; ns”kksa ds lkFk j{kk lg;ksx %&o’kZ ds nkSjku] Hkkjr vkSj nf{k.k dksfj;k us

j{kk lg;ksx dks c<+kus ds fy;s gky gh esa lgefrO;Dr dhA izèkkuea=h dh nf{k.k dksfj;k ;k=k dsnkSjku la;qDr c;ku tkjh fd;k x;k] ftlds


nl esa ls lkr fcanq j{kk lg;ksx ij gh dsafnzrFksA bueas eq[;r% nf{k.k dksfj;kbZ rFkk Hkkjrh;iksr dkj[kkus rFkk budh ukS&lsukvksa ds chpvknku&iznku “kkfey gSaA igys nf{k.k dksfj;kbZiksr dkj[kkus esa Hkkjrh; ukS lsuk ds fy;s ;q)iksrksadk fuekZ.k “kkfey Fkk] ckn esa nf{k.k dkfj;kbZlg;ksx ls Hkkjrh; iksr dkj[kkus esa bldk fuekZ.kgksuk gSA blh rjg] ijek.kq ÅtkZ] ,;jksLisl vkSjj{kk ds {ks= esa dukMk vkSj Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dschp dbZ okf.kfT;d le>kSrksa dh ?kks’k.kk dhxbZA lldSPok vkèkkfjr dkesdks dks layXu djusokys ,d okf.kfT;d le>kSrs ds rgr vxys ikapo’kksZa esa lkr yk[k ikmaM ds ;wjsfu;e dh vkiwfrZHkkjr ljdkj }kjk dukMk&Hkkjr ijek.kq lg;ksxle>kSrk ds dkj.k gh laHko gks ik;kA

blh rjg] xr ,d lky ds nkSjku Hkkjr dslkFk ikjaifjd :Ik ls j{kk lafèk;ksa ds lkFkfudVLFk :Ik ls tqM+s ns”k ekWfj”kl ds lkFk dslkFk Hkh j{kk lg;ksx dks c<+k;k x;kA 2 uoacj2014 dks fons”k ea=h dh bl }hih; ns”k dhigyh ;k=k ds nkSjku vizoklh fnol euk;kx;kA lkekftd :Ik ls egRoiw.kZ fgan egklkxj{ks= dh j{kk vkSj mldh lqj{kk lqfuf”pr djusds fy;s Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk vkSj ekWjh”kl ds rVj{kd cy ds chp lg;ksx ml le; ,tsaMs ds“kh’kZ ij FkkA lekjksg ds nkSjku] Hkkjrh; ukSlsukvkSj ekWjh”kl ds rV j{kd ds chp lg;ksx dsfy;s ekWjh”kl ds ikuh esa rhu izeq[k Hkkjrh;;q)iksr mrkjs x,A

ftu vU; ns”kksa ds lkFk Hkkjr dk fudVLFkj{kk lg;ksx jgk gS] muesa btjk;y Hkh gSA HkkjrvkSj btj;y Hkh nksukas ns”kksa us vkradokn lsyM+us ds {ks= esa lg;ksx fd;k gS rFkk btj;yHkh felkby vkSj ekuojfgr gokbZ okguksa lfgrHkkjr ds fy;s ifjÑ’r j{kk gkMZos;j dh vkiwfrZds {ks= esa vxz.kh jgk gSA o’kZ ds nkSjku vkilhlg;ksx dk foLrkj fd;k x;k vkSj izèkkuea=hvxys lky ds Hkhrj btjk;y dh ;k=k djsaxs];g ;k=k gksxhA

fu’d’kZ %&nqfu;k ds fofHkUu ns”kksa ds lkFk Hkkjr ds

j{kk lg;ksx esa dkQh foLrkj gqvk gSA ;g mTTkoyHkfo’; ls tqM+k gqvk gS] tks Hkkjr ds fy;svarjkZ’Vªh; leqnk; dh ifjdYiuk gS] lkFk ghHkkjr ds j{kk cyksa eas c<+ jgh vkLFkk ls Hkh tqM+kgSA T;knk ls T;knk ns”k viuh lqj{kk dks etcwrdjus ds fy;s Hkkjr ds lkFk gksuk pkgrs gSaA vkuokys fnuksa esa ,d lg;ksx esa vkSj c<+ksrjh gksxhrFkk ;g esd bu bafM;k^ dk;ZØe dks ,d lqn`,+vkèkkj iznku djsxk] ftlesa Hkkjr dks :ikarfjrdjus dh vlhe laHkkouk gSA ftlls Hkkjr fo”oifjn`”; esa ,d vyx eqdke esa uTkj vk;sxkA

lanHkZ xzaFk lwph %&1- vUrjkZ’Vªh; jktuhfr&fl)kar ,oa ledkyhu

eqn~ns Mh-ch-,y- QfM+;kA2- vUrjkZ’Vªh; lacaèk & MkW0 QfM+;k3- nSfud HkkLdj & tqykbZ 20164- ;kstuk & tqykbZ 20155- Ikz”kklfud fpUre~ & izlkn jktukjk;.k

‘‘efnleesheosMe ceW Øeefleheeefole DeelceyeesOekeâ leòJe : Skeâ DevegMeerueve’’ [e@. jepesvõ Øemeeo ÛelegJexoer* yeeuee Øemeeo efJeMJekeâcee&**

[ 77 ]

* Øeeshesâmej SJeb efJeYeeieeOÙe#e (mebmke=âle), Meeme. "ekegâj jCecele eEmen ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

** MeesOeeLeea (mebmke=âle), Meeme. "ekegâj jCecele eEmen ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

peneB Skeâ Deesj efnleesheosMe jepeveereflekeâ efJeMeejoeW keâeheLe ØeoMe&ve keâjlee nw JeneR otmejer Deesj yeeuekeâeW leLee peve-meeceevÙe kesâ efueS ceveesjbpekeâ meece«eer Øemlegle keâjlee nw~ FmeØekeâej efnleesheosMe ceW owefvekeâ peerJeve mes mecyeefvOele meoeÛeejheo-heo hej heefjueef#ele neslee nw~ efnleesheosMe ceW Ssmes DeveskeâeveskeâØemebie DeeÙes nQ~ efpevekesâ ienve DeOÙeÙeve mes ceeveJe cee$e keâesDeheves GefÛele DevegefÛele keâle&JÙe keâe mJeÙecesJe yeesOe nes peeleenw~ efnleesheosMe ceW Jee|Cele DeelceyeesOekeâ leòJeeW keâes Fme ØekeâejosKee pee mekeâlee nw—

Skeâ mLeue hej Øemlegle «evLe ceW «evLekeâej ves cegBn hejceer"e yeesueves Jeeues SJeb heer" heerÚs keâeÙe& keâes efyeieeÌ[ves Jeeues

og° efce$e keâer Fme Øekeâej mes efvevoe keâjles ngS Gmemes yeÛesjnves keâe DeelceyeesOe keâjeÙee nw—hejes#es keâeÙe&nvleejb ØelÙe#es efØeÙeJeeefoveced~Jepe&Ùesled leeÂMeb efce$eb efJe<ekegâcYeb heÙeescegKeced~~1

DeLee&led heerÚs keâeÙe& keâes ve° keâjves Jeeues Deewj meecevesceer"e-ceer"e yeesueves Jeeues efce$e keâes Devoj mes penj DeewjThej mes otOe mes hetCe& Ieš kesâ meceeve lÙeeie osvee ÛeeefnS~

ogpe&ve mJeYeeJe mes ner ieuele keâeÙe& keâjves Jeeuee nesleenw~ efnleesheosMe kesâ efJe«en Yeeie ceW ogpe&ve keâes ØeeCeeW keâeIeelekeâ yeleueeÙee ieÙee nw—mhe=MeVeefhe iepees nefvle, efpeIeÇVeefhe Yegpe”ce:~heeueÙeVeefhe Yetheeue: ØenmeVeefhe ogpe&ve:~~2

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DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4


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Yeòee& efn hejceb veeÙee& Yet<eCeb Yet<eCewe|Jevee~S<ee efJejefnlee lesve MeesYeveeefhe ve MeesYeles~~5

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efpeme osMe ceW Ùee veiej ceW Oevekeâved Jewefokeâ yeÇeÿeCeleLee Øepeeheeuekeâ jepee, peue mes hetCe& veoer, Deewj heeBÛeJeebJewÅe Ùes heeBÛe ve jnles neW, Gme osMe Ùee veiej ceW efveJeeme veneRkeâjvee ÛeeefnS~ ogpe&ve meowJe lÙeepÙe neslee nw~ ogpe&ve kesâefJeefYeVe iegCeeW mes Ùegòeâ nesves hej Gmekesâ meeLe mecheke&â mLeeefheleveneR keâjvee ÛeeefnS keäÙeeWefkeâ Gmekeâe mecheke&â meowJe YeÙebkeâjneslee nw—ogpe&ve: heefjnle&JÙees efJeÅeÙeeÓueb*ddke=âleesÓefhe meved~ceefCevee Yetef<ele: mehe&: efkeâcemeew ve YeÙe¿j:~~7

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Gòeâ Øemebie ceW peerJeve ceW YeeiÙe keâer ØeOeevelee ceevelesngS Gmekesâ meeLe heg®<eeLe& keâes Yeer DeefOekeâ cenòJe efoÙee peeleenw~ efkeâmeer Yeer Jemleg keâer Øeeefhle kesâ efueS ceveg<Ùe keâes meowJeØeÙelveMeerue jnvee ÛeeefnS keäÙeeWefkeâ efyevee ØeÙelve kesâ keâesF& YeerJemleg Øeehle veneR nes mekeâleer nw—GÅeesefieveb heg®<eeEmenceghewefle ue#ceer:,owJesve osÙeefceefle keâe heg®<ee Jeoefvle~owJeb efvenlÙe kegâ® heew®<eceelceMekeälÙeeÙelveske=âles Ùeefo ve efmeOÙeefle keâesÓ$eoes<e:~~11

DeLee&led YeeiÙe ceW efueKeer ngF& Yeer ue#ceer (Oeve oewuele)heg®<e keâes ØeÙelve efkeâÙes efyevee veneR Øeehle nesleer nw~ FmeefueSYeeiÙe ceW pees nesiee Jen efceuesiee JÙeLe& ØeÙeeme veneR keâjveeÛeeefnS, Ssmee pees efveye&ue heg®<eeW keâe JeÛeve nw~ GmekeâeKÙeeue ve keâjkesâ Deheveer Meefòeâ kesâ Devegmeej heg®<e keâes ØeÙelvekeâjles jnvee ÛeeefnS, ØeÙeeme keâjves hej Ùeefo ue#ceer ve Øeehlenes lees ØeÙeeme keâjves ceW keäÙee $egefš jn ieÙeer nw Ùen Keespekeâjveer ÛeeefnS~

Fme Øekeâej meb#eshele: keâne pee mekeâlee nw efkeâ‘efnleesheosMe’ peve-meeceevÙe keâes Deheves keâle&JÙe-Dekeâle&JÙe keâesØeefle DeelceyeesOe keâjeves kesâ meeLe-meeLe ceeveJe cee$e keâes meledheLe hej Ûeueves kesâ efueS Øesefjle keâjlee nw~ FmeceW pees Yeer kegâÚGheosMehejkeâ Mewueer ceW keâne ieÙee nw Jen ceeveJe cee$e kesâefueS Skeâ Gheos°e keâe keâeÙe& ner nw~ efnleesheosMe ceW peesDeveskeâeveskeâ mLeueeW hej DeelceyeesOekeâ leòJe yeleueeÙes ieÙes nQJen ceeveJe kesâ efueS DecetuÙe efveefOe nQ, efpemekeâe DeJeieenvekeâjkesâ ceveg<Ùe Deheveer peerJeve Ùee$ee keâes meheâue yeveemekeâlee nw~

‘Fefle MegYeced’

mevoYe& œeesle1. efnleesheosMe, efce$eueeYe-heÅe, 782. efnleesheosMe, efJe«en, 153. efnleesheosMe, efJe«en, 234. efnleesheosMe, meefvOe, 825. efnleesheosMe, efJe«en, 286. efnleesheosMe, efce$eueeYe, 1097. efnleesheosMe, efce$eueeYe, 908. efnleesheosMe, efce$eueeYe, 569. efnleesheosMe, efce$eueeYe, 3410. efnleesheosMe, keâLeecegKe, 3211. efnleesheosMe, keâLeecegKe, 33

MeesOe meejebMe

Jeeuceerefkeâ jeceeÙeCe ceW Jee|Cele jepee keâer efmLeefle SJeb cenlJe [e@. mebOÙee kegâceejer

[ 80 ]

Jeso efpeme hejcelelJe keâe JeCe&ve keâjles nQ, Jener ßeerceVeejeÙeCe-lelJe ßeerceod jeceeÙeeCe ceW ßeerjece™he mes efve™efhele nQ~ JesoJesÅe hejceheg®<eeslelce kesâ oMejLevevove ßeerjece kesâ ™he ceW DeJeleerCe& nesveshej mee#eeled Jeso ner ßeerJeeuceerefkeâ kesâ cegKe mes ßeerjeceeÙeCe ™he ceW Øekeâš ngS, Ssmeer DeeefmlekeâeW keâerefÛejkeâeue mes ceevÙelee nw~ FmeefueS ßeerceodd JeeuceerkeâerÙe jeceeÙeCe keâer JesoleguÙe ner Øeefle‰e nw~ ÙeeWYeer cene|<e Jeeuceerefkeâ DeeefokeâefJe nQ~ Dele: efJeMJe kesâ mecemle keâefJeÙeeW kesâ ieg® nQ~ Gvekeâe ‘DeeefokeâeJÙe’ßeerceodd JeeuceerkeâerÙe jeceeÙeCe Yetleue keâe ØeLece keâeJÙe nw~ Jen meYeer kesâ efueS hetpÙe «ebLe keâer meÛÛeeryengcetuÙe je°êrÙe efJeefOe nw~ Fmekeâe Skeâ-Skeâ De#ej ceneheelekeâ keâe veeMe keâjves Jeeuee nw—

Skewâkeâce#ejb hegbmeeb ceneheelekeâveeMeveced~Ùen mecemle keâeJÙeeW keâe yeerpe nw—

‘keâeJÙeyeerpe meveeleveced’~ (ye=nod Oece&hegjeCe-1/30/47)JeeuceerkeâerÙe jeceeÙeCe Skeâ cee$e ØeeÛeervelece Oece&«ebLe ner veneR, Deefheleg YeejleerÙe DeeÙeeX kesâ

meeceeefpekeâ, Deee|Lekeâ SJeb jepeveereflekeâ mebie"ve SJeb efJeÛeejeW keâes Øemlegle keâjves Jeeuee Skeâ je°êrÙecenekeâeJÙe nw~ Ùener veneR peneB jeceeÙeCe ceW jepeveereflekeâ iebYeerj efÛevleve ngDee nw, JeneB GmekesâmeceeOeeveeW keâes Yeer megefJeÛeeefjle {bie mes Øemlegle efkeâÙee nw~ ÙeneB lekeâ efkeâ DeeOegefvekeâ jepeveereflekeâDeJeOeejCee kesâ met$e SJeb mecemÙeeDeeW kesâ efveoeve Yeer GmeceW efveefnle nQ~

* SmeesefmeSš Øeeshesâmej (mebmke=âle), heer.meer. yeeieuee (heer.peer.) keâeuespe, neLejme

jeceeÙeCe Ùegie ceW jepee keâes yengle cenlJe Øeoeve efkeâÙeepeelee Lee~1 Ùen ceevee peelee Lee efkeâ jepee efJenerve jepÙe ceWMeebefle-JÙeJemLee veneR jn mekeâleer leLee jepÙe keâe efJeveeMe nespeelee nw~2 cene|<e Jeeuceerefkeâ ves DelÙevle efJe<eo ™he mes Fmeyeele keâer efJeJesÛevee keâer nw efkeâ jepee kesâ ve nesves hej jepÙe SJebpevelee keâer keäÙee efmLeefle nes peeleer nw~3 ceeke&âC[sÙe DeeefocegefveÙeeW leLee cebef$eÙeeW ves jepee kesâ DeYeeJe ceW osMe keâerogJÙe&JemLee keâe JeCe&ve keâjles ngS JeefMe‰ peer mes Ùen DevegjesOe

efkeâÙee efkeâ F#JeekegâJebMeerÙe jepekegâceejeW ceW mes efkeâmeer keâes MeerIeÇner DeÙeesOÙee keâe jepee yeveeÙee peeS keäÙeeWefkeâ jepee kesâ efyeveeGme jepÙe keâe veeMe nes peeÙesiee~4

jeceeÙeCe ceW jepee keâes Fvõ, kegâyesj, Je®Ce leLee Ùecemes Yeer DeefOekeâ cenòJe efoÙee ieÙee nw keäÙeeWefkeâ peneB Fvõ keâekeâeÙe& kesâJeue heeueve keâjvee, kegâyesj keâe Oeve osvee, Je®Cekeâe meoeÛeej keâes efveÙebef$ele keâjvee leLee Ùecejepe keâe oC[osvee nw, JeneB Skeâ ßes‰ jepee ceW ÛeejeW iegCe efJeÅeceeve jnles

SH

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DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



nQ~ Jen Dekesâuee ner Fve ÛeejeW keâeÙeeX keâes mecheeefole keâjleenw~5 jepee keâes jepÙe kesâ Devleie&le melÙe SJeb Oece& keâeØeJele&keâ ceevee ieÙee nw~6 jeceeÙeCe kesâ Devegmeeje pee nermelÙe Deewj Oece& nw, jepee ner kegâueJeeveeW keâe kegâue nw, jepeener ceelee Deewj efhelee nw leLee jepee ner ceveg<ÙeeW keâe efnlekeâjves Jeeuee nw~7

jeceeÙeCeerÙe ceevÙelee kesâ Devegmeej jepee kesâ ve nesves keâeØeYeeJe kesâJeue jepeeefJenerve osMe keâer jepeveweflekeâ ner veneR,Deefheleg meeceeefpekeâ, Deee|Lekeâ, Oeee|cekeâ JÙeJemLeeSB Yeer Yebienes peeleer Leer~ JeneB celmÙe vÙeeÙe pewmeer efmLeefle GlheVe nespeeleer nw, efkeâmeer Yeer ceveg<Ùekeâer keâesF& Yeer Jemleg Deheveer veneRjn peeleer leLee meYeer Skeâ-otmejs keâes Kee peeves keâes lewÙeejjnles nQ~8 Ûeesj SJeb uegšsjeW kesâ keâejCe jepÙe ceW Oeveer JÙeefòeâmegjef#ele veneR jn mekeâles, meesves kesâ DeeYet<eCeeW mes efJeYetef<elekegâceeefjÙeeB mebOÙee kesâ meceÙe GÅeeveeW ceW ›eâerÌ[e keâjves kesâ efueSveneR peeleer leLee Oeveer JewMÙe Yeer ojJeepee Keesuekeâj veneR meesheeles~9 vej-veejer Yeer Jeve-efJenej kesâ efueS veneR efvekeâueles~10

jepee kesâ ve nesves mes Yeues-yegjs keâe Yeso keâjves Jeeuee keâesF& veneRjn peelee~ Dele: jepÙe ceW Jeeoer SJeb ØeefleJeeoer kesâ efJeJeeokeâe meblees<epevekeâ efvehešeje Yeer veneR nes heelee~11

jepee kesâ ve jnves mes je°^ keâer meeceeefpekeâ oMee SJebceÙee&oeSB Yeer Demle-JÙemle nes peeleer nQ~ JeCee&ßece keâer ceÙee&oekeâes Yebie keâjves Jeeues veeefmlekeâ ceveg<Ùe YeÙe efJenerve nes peelesnQ~12 heg$e, efhelee kesâ JeMe ceW veneR jnlee Deewj m$eer heefle kesâJeMe ceW veneR jnleer~13 efpeme jepÙe ceW helveer Yeer Deheveer veneRjn heeleer DeLee&led heefle-helveer Deeefo keâe melÙe mecyevOe YeerveneR jn heelee, leye keâesF& otmeje melÙe kewâmes jn mekeâleenw~14 je°^ keâes GVeefleMeerue yeveeves Jeeues GlmeJe veneR nesheeles~ Fmeer Øekeâej otmejs je°^ efnlekeâejer mebIe Yeer veneR hevehevesheeles nQ~15

jepee kesâ ve nesves keâe ØeYeeJe osMe keâer Deee|Lekeâ JÙeJemLeehej Yeer yengle Ieelekeâ neslee nw~ Dejepekeâlee keâer efmLeefle kesâkeâejCe efkeâmeeve Deheveer Yetefce keâes peesle, yees veneR heeles~16

jepee nerve osMe ceW Oeve Yeer Dehevee veneR neslee~17 JÙeeheejkeâjves Jeeues JeefCekeâ, Ûeesj SJeb uegšsjeW kesâ YeÙe kesâ keâejCemegj#eehetJe&keâ Deheveer JemlegSB ueskeâj yeenj veneR pee mekeâles~18

DeLee&led jepeeefJenerve osMe ceW Deee|Lekeâ peerJeve hebieg nes peeves kesâkeâejCe JÙeeheeefjÙeeW keâes ueeYe veneR neslee~19 Dejepekeâ osMeceW DeheÙee&hle Jemleg keâer Øeeefhle Deewj Øeehle Jemleg keâer j#ee veneRnes heeleer~20

Dejepekeâlee keâe osMe keâer Oeee|cekeâ efmLeefle hej Yeer yeÌ[eJÙeehekeâ ØeYeeJe heÌ[lee Lee~ Oeee|cekeâ ieefleefJeefOeÙeeB ueieYeie"he nes peeleer Leer~ ueesie osJeleeDeeW keâer hetpee kesâ efueS hetâue,efce"eF& Deewj oef#eCee keâer JÙeJemLee veneR keâjles~21 ceveg<Ùe velees hebÛeeÙele YeJeve, GÅeeve Deeefo keâe efvecee&Ce keâjJeeles Deewjve ner Oece&Meeuee, cebefoj, hegCÙe«en Deeefo yeveJeeles nQ~22

Ùe%e keâjves Jeeues efÉpe Deewj keâ"esj ›eleer yeÇeÿeCe Yeer yeÌ[s-yeÌ[sDeveg‰eve veneR keâjles~23 Ùeefo Ùe%eeW keâe DeejcYe neslee Yeerlees Oeve mecheVe yeÇeÿeCe Yeer $e+ef<eÙeeW keâes Fme YeÙe kesâ keâejCeheÙee&hle oef#eCee veneR osles efkeâ keâneR GvnW Oeveer mecePekeâj uetšve efueÙee peeS~24

jepee kesâ ve jnves mes osMe keâer mewefvekeâ ieefleefJeefOeÙeeW keâesYeejer Oekeäkeâe ueielee nw~ JeerjeW Éeje ve lees Dem$e-Mem$eeW keâeDeYÙeeme ner "erkeâ mes neslee nw Deewj ve ner keâesF& GvekesâDeYÙeeme keâer ØeMebmee keâjlee nw keäÙeeWefkeâ JeerjeW keâes ØeßeÙe osveeDeewj GvnW Glmeeefnle keâj mekeâvee kesâJeue jepee Éeje nermecYeJe nw~25 jepee kesâ ve jnves hej mesvee Yeer Ùegæ ceWMe$egDeeW keâe meecevee veneR keâjleer~26

Dejepekeâlee keâe ØeYeeJe pevelee keâer ceveesJe=efòe hej YeerheÌ[lee nw~ keâLee megveves keâer FÛÚe jKeves Jeeues ueesie keâLeeJeeÛekeâ,heewjeefCekeâeW keâer keâLeeDeeW mes ØemeVe veneR nesles~27 Fve mecemleDeJÙeJemLeeDeeW kesâ meeLe-meeLe Ùen melÙe ceevee peelee Lee efkeâjepee efJenerve osMe ceW Øeke=âefle Yeer meeLe veneR oskeâleer Deewj cesIehe=LJeer hej efoJÙe peue keâer Je<ee& veneR keâjles~28 Dele: SsmesosMe ceW peerJeveesheÙeesieer DeeJeMÙekeâ KeeÅeeVe Yeer GlheVe veneRnesles~


efpeme Øekeâej jepee kesâ ve nesves mes osMe hej efJeefYeVeØekeâej kesâ mebkeâš ceb[jeves ueieles nQ, Gmeer kesâ "erkeâ efJehejerleSkeâ ÙeesiÙe jepee kesâ Meemevekeâeue ceW osMe GVeefle keâer DeesjDe«emej neslee nw, pevelee mecheVe jnleer nw leLee keâesF& og:KeerveneR jnlee~29 jeceeÙeCe ceW ÙeesiÙe jepee kesâ Meemevekeâeue ceWjepÙe keâer pees efmLeefle nesleer nw Gmekeâe Yeer efJe<eod efJeJesÛeveefkeâÙee ieÙee nw~ jepee oMejLe kesâ Meemevekeâeue ceW DeÙeesOÙeeveiej Deewj JeneB kesâ veeieefjkeâeW keâer efmLeefle keâe pees JeCe&veefkeâÙee ieÙee nw,30 Gmemes mhe° nw efkeâ Skeâ DeÛÚs jepee kesâMeemevekeâeue ceW jepÙe SJeb pevelee keâer keäÙee efmLeefle nesleer Leer~

jepee oMejLe kesâ jepÙe ceW efveJeeme keâjves Jeeues meYeerceveg<Ùe Oecee&lcee, melÙeJeeoer, efveueexYe, ØemeVe leLee Deheves-Deheves Oeve mes mebleg° jnves Jeeues Les~31 meYeer ceveg<ÙeeW kesâOece&, DeLe& Deewj keâeceeefo GösMÙehetCe& Les, keâesF& Yeer Ssmee veneRLee efpemekesâ heeme Oeve-OeevÙe, ieeÙeW, yewue, IeesÌ[s Deeefo keâeDeYeeJe nes~32 jepÙe ceW keâesF& Yeer ceveg<Ùe cetKe&, keâeceer, ke=âheCe,›etâj DeLeJee veeefmlekeâ veneR Lee~33 meYeer ceveg<Ùe meowJe ØemeVejnves Jeeues mebÙeceer, Oecee&lcee leLee Meerue SJeb meoeÛeej ceWceefne|<eÙeeW keâer YeeBefle Les~34 efkeâmeer kesâ heeme Yeesie-meece«eer keâerkeâceer veneR Leer~ meYeer meeheâ-megLejs DeeYet<eCeeefo mes Ùegòeâ Les~35

keâesF& Yeer JÙeefòeâ #egõ, Ûeesj, meoeÛeej-MetvÙe DeLeJee JeCe&mebkeâjveneR Lee~36 jepÙe ceW keâesF& Yeer JÙeefòeâ Ssmee veneR Lee, peesDeheefJe$e DeVe keâe Yeespeve keâjlee nes, oeve ve osves Jeeuee leLeeceve keâes JeMe ceW ve jKeves Jeeuee JeneB keâesF& Yeer ceveg<Ùe veneRLee~37 DeÙeesOÙee ceW keâesF& Yeer m$eer Ùee heg®<e ™he jefnle ßeernerveDeLeJee jepeYeefòeâ mes MetvÙe veneR Lee~38

ÛeejeW JeCeeX kesâ ueesie Deheves-Deheves keâeÙeeX ceW ueies ngSLes~39 meye ceveg<Ùe oerIee&Ùeg leLee Oece& Deewj melÙe keâe DeeßeÙeuesves Jeeues Les~ Jes Deheves m$eer, heg$e, heew$eeefo heefjJeej kesâ meeLemegKehetJe&keâ jnles Les~40 meYeer veeieefjkeâ osJelee Deewj DeefleefLeÙeeWkeâer hetpee keâjves Jeeues, ke=âle%e, Goej, Metj-Jeerj SJeb heje›eâceerLes~41 DeÙeesOÙeeveiejer Dem$e-Mem$eeW kesâ %eelee ÙeesæeDeeW kesâmecegoeÙe mes Yejer-hetjer jnleer Leer~42 jepee oMejLe kesâ

Meemevekeâeue ceW jepÙe keâer efmLeefle keâe JeCe&ve keâjves kesâDeefleefjòeâ cene|<e Jeeuceerefkeâ ves jeceÛevõ kesâ Meemevekeâeue ceWYeer DeÙeesOÙee keâer efmLeefle keâe JeCe&ve keâjles ngS yeleeÙee nw efkeâjece kesâ jepÙe ceW cesIe meceÙe hej Je<ee& keâjles Les, osMe ceW keâYeerDekeâeue veneR heÌ[lee Lee, veiej Deewj peveheo ù°-heg° ceveg<ÙeeWmes Yejs jnles Les Deewj meYeer Deesj meye ØemeVe efoKeeF& oslesLes~43 jepÙe ceW keâesF& GheõJe veneR neslee Lee, ØeeefCeÙeeW keâeskeâesF& jesieveneR meleelee Lee leLee efkeâmeer keâer Dekeâeue ce=lÙeg veneRnesleer Leer~44

Fme Øekeâej efve<keâ<e& ™he mes Ùen keâne pee mekeâlee nwefkeâ jeceeÙeCe Ùegie ceW Ùen mecePee peelee Lee efkeâ jepee kesâ vejnves hej jepÙe kesâ Thej DeveskeâeW Øekeâej keâer Deeheefòe DeeleerLeer~ Oece&, DeLe& Deewj keâece Deeefo efkeâmeer Yeer GösMÙe keâerØeeefhle veneR nes heeleer Leer~ jepÙe kesâ Thej Yeeweflekeâ ØekeâesheeWkesâ meeLe-meeLe F&MJejerÙe Øekeâeshe Yeer keâce veneR nesles Les~ Fmekesâ"erkeâ efJehejerle Skeâ ÙeesiÙe jepee kesâ Meemevekeâeue ceW ÛeejeWDeesj megKe-mece=efæ Âef°ieesÛej nesleer Leer~ jepÙe SJeb veeieefjkeâGVeefle keâer Deesj De«emej nesles Les~ GvnW Yeeweflekeâ leLeeDeeOÙeeeflcekeâ meYeer Øekeâej keâe megKe Øeehle neslee Lee~ FmeMeesOe-he$e mes Ùen Yeer mhe° neslee nw efkeâ jeceeÙeCeerÙe jepeekesâJeue cee$e Meemeve ØecegKe ner veneR Lee~ Jen kesâJeue jepÙekeâe ØeLece veeieefjkeâ ner veneR Lee, Gmes osJelee kesâ meceeve ceeveepeelee Lee~ efkeâvleg Gmes F&MJejerÙe opee& osves keâe Ùen GösMÙeveneR Lee efkeâ Jen efvejbkegâMe SJeb DelÙeeÛeejer nes peeS~ GmesosJelee leguÙe FmeerefueS ceevee peelee Lee keäÙeeWefkeâ GmeceW osJeleeDeeWkesâ iegCe nesles Les leLee Jen Deheves osMe keâer pevelee keâe GmeerYeeBefle heeueve keâjlee Lee efpeme YeeBefle hejceelcee Fme he=LJeer keâeheeueve keâjlee nw~

Ùeefo Jele&ceeve meceÙe ceW nceejs jepeveslee mJeeLe& keâerjepeveerefle keâes ÚesÌ[keâj pevelee kesâ keâuÙeeCe kesâ keâeÙeeX keâesefve:mJeeLe& neskeâj keâjves ueies lees nceejs osMe ceW Yeer efveefMÛele™he mes jecejepÙe keâer mLeehevee nes peeÙesieer~ FmeceW eEkeâefÛeledcee$e Yeer mevosn veneR nw~


meboYe& metÛeer1. ÙegækeâeC[, 128, 69-702. DeÙeesOÙeekeâeC[, 67, 313. Jener, 67, 9-364. F#JeeketâCeeefceneÅewJe keâefMÛeod jepee efJeOeerÙeleeced~

Dejepekebâ efn veew je°^b efJeveeMeb meceJeehvegÙeeled~~—Jener, 67, 8

5. Ùecees JesßeJeCe: Me›eâes Je®CeMÛe ceneyeue:~efJeefMe<Ùevles vejsvõsCe Je=òesve cenlee lele:~~—Jener, 67,35

6. DeÙeesOÙeekeâeC[, 67, 337. Jener, 67, 348. celmÙee FJe pevee efvelÙeb Ye#eÙeefvle hejmhejced~~—

DeÙeesOÙeekeâeC[, 67, 319. DeÙeesOÙeekeâeC[, 67, 17-1810. Jener, 67, 1911. Jener, 67, 1612. Jener, 67, 3213. Jener, 67, 1014. Jener, 67, 1115. GlmeJeeMÛe meceepeeMÛe JeOe&vles je°^JeOe&vee:~—

DeÙeesOÙeekeâeC[, 67, 1516. DeÙeesOÙeekeâeC[, 67, 1017. Jener, 67, 1118. Jener, 67, 2219. DeÙeesOÙeekeâeC[, 67, 1620. Jener, 67, 2421. Jener, 67, 2722. Jener, 67, 12

23. Jener, 67, 1324. Jener, 67, 1425. Jener, 67, 2126. ve ÛeehÙejepe kesâ mesvee Me$etved efJe<enles ÙegefOe~~—Jener,

67, 2427. Jener, 67, 1628. Jener, 67, 929. ÙegækeâeC[, 128, 10530. yeeuekeâeC[, 6, 2131. leefmceved hegjJejs ù°e Oecee&lceevees yengßeglee:~

vejemleg°eOevew: mJew: mJewjuegyOee: melÙeJeeefove:~~—yeeuekeâeC[, 6, 6

32. Jener, 6, 733. Jener, 6, 834. Jener, 6, 935. Jener, 6, 1036. veeveeefnleeefivevee&ÙepJee ve #egões Jee ve lemkeâj:~

keâefMÛeoemeeroÙeesOÙeeÙeeb ve ÛeeJe=òeew ve mebkeâj:~~—Jener,6, 12

37. Jener, 6, 1138. Jener, 6, 1639. #e$eb yeÇÿemegKeb Ûeemeerod JewMÙee: #e$eceveg›elee:~

Metõe: mJekeâce&efvejleem$eerved JeCee&vegheÛeeefjCe:~~—yeeuekeâeC[,6 19

40. yeeuekeâeC[, 6, 1841. Jener, 6, 1742. Jener, 6, 2143. GòejkeâeC[, 99, 1344. veekeâeues efceüÙeles keâefMÛeVe JÙeeefOe: ØeeefCeveeb leLee~—

GòejkeâeC[, 99, 14

Øees. Deefveue eEmen kesâ keâeJÙe ceW peerJeve cetuÙe Øees. megjsvõ yeneogj eEmen

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* efJeYeeieeOÙe#e (efnvoer), MeemekeâerÙe keâvÙee ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, meerOeer, cees. 9407304406

Jele&ceeve meceÙe efJeMes<e GLeue-hegLeue keâe keâeue nw~efpeve mLeeefhele peerJeve cetuÙeeW hej yeue efoÙee peelee jne nwmetKes heòeeW-mee efyeKejves kesâ efueS efJeJeMe nw~ pees Fve cetuÙeeWkesâ efueS mebIe<e&jle nQ Jes Ghesef#ele SJeb neefmeS hej "kesâueefoS ieS nQ~ Deepe efmLeefle kegâÚ DeefOekeâ peefšue nw~ DebOesjekegâÚ DeefOekeâ lespeer mes hegâlkeâej jne nw~ cetuÙe nerve MeefòeâÙeeBDeheves ueeYe kesâ efueS ueeceyebo nQ~ Fmekesâ yeeJepeto YeercetuÙeeW kesâ Jeenkeâ keäÙee Dehevee Oece& ÚesÌ[ osles nQ? veneR,keâYeer veneR~ yeefukeâ hetjer Meefòeâ mes DebOesjs keâes Ûegveewleer osles nQ~Fme ™he ceW Øees. Deefveue kegâceej keâe keâeJÙe peerJevle SJebÛegveewleerhetCe& nw~ Deepe pees Goemeer, YeÙeeJenlee, uetš, keâoeÛeejkeâe JeeleeJejCe Ûeewefieo efoKe jne nw GmeceW DebOesjs keâe neLe

lees nw ner, uesefkeâve Fme [jeJeves meceÙe keâes Deewj YeÙee›eâebleyeveeves ceW ØekeâeMe kesâ Ú©e jKeJeeueeW keâer Yetefcekeâe Yeer keâcemeesÛeveerÙe veneR nw~ ØekeâeMe SJeb cetuÙeeW keâe veeje osves JeeueeWkeâe DeeÛejCe Yeer Deye mebefoiOe nw~ DebOesjs kesâ efJe®æ ueÌ[veskeâe Ùen yeveeJešer ™he DeefOekeâ Ieelekeâ nw~ Ssmes ÚodceØekeâeMe hegbpeeW keâer keâueF& Keesuevee Yeer Øees. Deefveue kesâ keâeJÙekeâe OÙesÙe nw~ Gvekesâ uesKeve ceW meceÙe Deewj meceepe keâes mece«eheÌ[leeue nw~ uesefkeâve jÛeveelcekeâ megPeeJe ceeveJeerÙe nw~ JesDevlejelcee kesâ ieeÙekeâ keâefJe nQ~ Ùener Gvekeâer keâcepeesjer Yeer nwDeewj meceÙe Je meceepe keâes yeÛeeves keâer heg° leekeâle Yeer nw~[e@. Oece&Jeerj Yeejleer Yeer ceeveles nQ efkeâ ‘‘Debvlejelcee ceeveJeerÙeDevleme ceW efmLele keâesF& owJeerÙe Ùee Deefle Øeeke=âeflekeâ Meefòeâ ve

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MeesOe meejebMeØelÙeskeâ keâeueKeC[ keâe Dehevee peerJeve cetuÙe neslee nw~ Jen Gme keâeue efJeMes<e keâer veweflekeâlee

DeeoMe& F&ceeveoejer, lÙeeie, keâle&JÙeefve‰e, hejeshekeâej, pewmes cetuÙeeW mes j#ee keâjlee nw~ ceveg<Ùe SJebmeceepe keâer ieefjcee Gmekesâ peerJeve cetuÙeeW mes Deebkeâer peeleer nw~ efpeme JÙeefòeâ SJeb meceepe ceW peerJevecetuÙeeW keâe DeYeeJe neslee nw, Jen otmejs kesâ efueS Jeefj‰ SJeb DevegkeâjCeerÙe veneR yeve mekeâlee~ ÙenosKeves ceW Deelee nw efkeâ meceepe SJeb je°^ keâes ÙeneB lekeâ efkeâ efJeMJe keâes Yeer kegâheLeieeceer nesves mes peerJevecetuÙe ner yeÛeelee nw~ mebJesovee heg$eeW ceW, keâueekeâejeW SJeb keâuecekeâejeW ceW peerJeve cetuÙeeW kesâ Øeeflemepeielee osKeer peeleer nw~ Deelcehetle nesves kesâ keâejCe Ùes me=peveOeceea, jÛeveelcekeâ, ØekeâeMe mes DeOesjskesâ efJe®æ meleled mebIe<e& keâjles nQ~ Gvekesâ FvneR mebIe<eeX mes meceepe peerves ueeÙekeâ yevee jnlee nw~ Øees.Deefveue kegâceej efmebn kesâ keâeJÙe uesKeve ceW peerJeve cetuÙeeW kesâ Øeefle jepeielee keâes ef›eâÙeeMeerue,jÛeveelcekeâ, mebIe<e& kesâ ™he ceW osKee peevee ÛeeefnS~


neskeâj Jemlegle: ceeveJeerÙe ieefjcee kesâ Øeefle nceejer mebJesoveMeerueleekeâe ner otmeje ™he nw Deewj ceveg<Ùe kesâ ieewjJe keâes Øeefleef‰lekeâjves Deewj Gmekeâer efvejvlej j#ee keâjves kesâ Øeefle nceejerpeeie™keâlee ner nceejer pee«ele Devlejelcee keâe ØeceeCe nw’’~1

Øees. Deefveue kegâceej peerJeve kesâ ÙeLeeLe& Gmekesâ KegjogjsheveGmekeâer efJe<eceleeDeeW mes meerOes veneR škeâjelee nw, yeefukeâ JenSsmes ieefjceeceÙe heefjJesMe keâe me=peve keâjlee nw, Ssmes ØekeâeMekeâerefceÙee keâes ieÌ{lee nw leeefkeâ Skeâ jÛeveelcekeâ ™heevlejCemecYeJe nes mekesâ~ Jen meceepe megOeejves kesâ efueS ieesueer keâepeyeeJe ieesueer mes osves keâer yeele keâYeer veneR keâjlee yeefukeâ SsmesmeceÙe keâer jÛevee keâjlee nw efpememes efnbmee SJeb ›etâjlee kesâefueS peien ner ve jns~ ‘‘ns hejce pÙeesefleefleefcejeÛÚVe KeeF&keâes efoJÙe pÙeesefle mes Yej! leeefkeâ Ùen heeefLe&Je meòee meejerhe=LJeer hej Øesce yeerpe yees mekesâ~ heânje mekesâ jsMeceer ueeueheleekeâe efJeMJe Ûeslevee kesâ GOJe& efMeKej hej’’~2

Ùen meÛe nw efkeâ Deheveer Deueie efoJÙe Âef° SJebÛeslevee hees<eer ceeveefmekeâlee kesâ keâejCe Øees. Deefveue keâer keâeJÙeÛeslevee meyekeâer hekeâÌ[ ceW neueer-ntuee veneR Deeleer~ FvekeâesmecePeves keâe celeueye nw efkeâ Deehe YeejleerÙe ceveer<ee keâes mecePejns nQ~ Deehe Jeso, Gheefve<eo, hegjeCe keâes mecePe jns nQ~Ssmee FmeefueS Yeer efkeâ Fme keâefJe keâer keâefJeleeDeeW keâe jmeDeelceehees<eer nw~ FveceW ieerlee, yeeFefyeue, kegâjeve keâer meceleeDeewj cecelee nw~ YeejleerÙe Deelcee keâer hegkeâej nw leLee peerJevekeâe mele meej nw~ ceeveJelee SJeb MeeMJele peerJeve cetuÙeeW keâermegievOe yeneves JeeueeW kesâ efueS Gvekeâer jÛeveeDeeW ceW Kegueerpeien nw, peerJeve keâe meceeOeeve nw~ uesefkeâve Fvekeâe keâeJÙejLe lees Deelcee kesâ heLe hej ner iegpejves, Gmemes pegÌ[s DevegYeJeeWkeâes menspeves mes megKe heelee nw~ keâefJe keânlee nw—‘‘DeeefKejceeveJeerÙe nesvee ner lees ceveg<Ùe nesvee nw~ efpemeceW ceeveJeerÙeleeveneR Yeuee Gmes keâesF& keäÙeeW keânsiee ceveg<Ùe’’~3

ceeveJeerÙelee keâefJe kesâ jesce-jesce ceW meceeF& ngF& nw~FvneR leekeâleeW mes Jen DebOesjer leekeâleeW mes škeâjelee nw~ FmeerefJeMJeeme kesâ menejs Jen keânlee nw, ‘‘keäÙee helee uenjeW keâerDeveJejle "eskeâj, efMeJeefuebie keâe ™he osieer cegPes~ Deewj ceQ

ceefvoj ceW meefoÙeeW lekeâ hetpeves kesâ efueS~ heefJe$e neLeeW ÉejejKee efoÙee peeTBiee’’~4 Øees. keâceuee Øemeeo ves Fme keâefJe kesâyeejs ceW "erkeâ ner keâne nw efkeâ—‘‘YeeJeveeDeeW kesâ Deveskeâ keâesCeÙeneB (peeÌ[s keâer Oethe ceW) efceueles Deewj PeeBkeâles nQ~ heefJe$eleeDeewj yejeyejer kesâ mejeskeâejeW keâer DevegietpeW ÙeneB megveer peemekeâleer nQ~’’5

Ùekeâerveve Øees. Deefveue kegâceej keâer keâefJeleeDeeW kesâkeâeue keâer #eeefCekeâlee keâer Deesj veneR, yeefukeâ keâeue keâerMeeMJelee keâer Deesj mebkesâle DeefOekeâ nw~ Jen peerJeve keâer #eCeYebiegjlee ceW meesles-peeieles MeeMJele melÙeeW keâer Deesj FMeejekeâjves mes veneR Ûetkeâlee~ Jen Oece& keâe veneR yeefukeâ Oeeefce&keâleekeâe keâefJe nw~ Gmekeâer jeÙe ceW meeefnlÙe meceepe keâe ohe&Ce cee$eveneR nw Fmekesâ DeueeJee Yeer Jen ‘yengle kegâÚ nw’ Jen ØesÙeDeewj ßesÙe keâe ieefjcee hetCe& mecegÛÛeÙe nw~ yeej-yeej GmekeâerkeâefJeleeDeeW ceW peerJeve keâe Debeflece melÙe #eefCekeâ melÙe keâesDeefle ›eâeble keâjlee nw~ keâefJe ves FMeeje efkeâÙee nw efkeâ—‘‘efmejneves oyeer DeOetjer keâefJelee keâes efyevee hetCe& efkeâÙes nerÚesÌ[veer nesieer Ùen peien~ efyevee Fme hÙeeues keâer Debeflece yetBoefheÙes ner ceesÛekeâ G"vee nesiee ve peeves keâneB peeves kesâ efueS~’’6

keâefJe kesâ keâeJÙe mebkeâueveeW—‘peeÌ[s keâer Oethe’, ‘yeÌ{erjnsieer Ietye, FJe Deewj veeruee ÛeeBo’ Deewj heeBÛeJee ef#eeflepe mesiegpej keâj Ssmee Øeleerle neslee nw efkeâ keâefJe keâe keâeJÙe yeesOepeerJevlelee keâe efnceeÙeleer nw~ Gme Ûejce-hejce melÙe keâes "erkeâmes peevekeâj ner Fme ceeÙeeJeer peiele keâer Ùee$ee menpe DeewjDeewefÛelÙehetCe& nes mekeâleer nw~ FmeefueS Jen peeieeflekeâ ÙeLeeLe&keâes peeveyetPe keâj peesÌ[ oslee nw~ Gvekeâer ner keâefJeleeDeeW ceWhetJe&Jeleea keâueemeeOekeâeW, keâefJeÙeeW keâer peerJevlelee keâe meej nw,Jen ieefleMeerue hejchejeDeeW kesâ cetue mejeskeâejeW keâer DeveosKeerveneR keâjlee, Jen Gve DevegYeJeeW keâes Deheves uesKeve ceW ™heebleefjlekeâjlee nw~ Fme ™he ceW YeefJe<Ùele keâefJeÙeeW kesâ efueS JenDeeMJeemeve keâe kesâvõ ueielee nw~ GmeceW Yeejle keâer YeejleerÙeleenw~ efJeMJe keâer veeieefjkeâlee Yeer nw~ Ùener keâejCe nw efkeâ Jenefkeâmeer Jeeo Ùee meceÙe efJe<eÙe mes ØeYeeefJele neskeâj veneRefueKelee nw~ Gmes JeeoeW mes efÛeÌ{ nw~ Gmekeâe uesKeve meceÙe


keâer efvejvlejlee mes pegÌ[keâj mecejmelee keâe ieeÙeve nw~ Jenmecelee, yejeyejer, mecejmelee, ceeveJelee SJeb ueeskeâleebef$ekeâcetuÙeeW keâes menspeves-yeÛeeves keâer keâesefMeMe ceW ueiee ngDee keâefJenw~ keäÙeeWefkeâ meÛÛee keâefJe oerJeejeW-JeeoeW keâes KeÌ[e keâjves ceWefJeMJeeme veneR keâjlee yeefukeâ GvnW {nevee SJeb Skeâ mecejmeleLee Yeso-YeeJe jefnle meceepe yeveeves keâe he#eOej neslee nw peesJeie&, mecØeoeÙe, peeefle SJeb Deueie-Deueie OeceeX keâe efnceeÙeleernw~ keäÙee Gmes Yeer mener ceeÙeves ceW jÛeveekeâej Ùee keâueekeâejkeâne pee mekeâlee nw? MeeÙeo veneR~ keâefJelee kesâ cetue mejeskeâejkesâ yeejs ceW efJe<Ceg [s kesâ megPeeJe DevegkeâjCeerÙe nQ—‘‘keâefJeleeuesKeve Deelce-Ûeslevee mes heefjhetCe& me=peve keâce& nw Deewj FmeÂef° mes DeeOegefvekeâ keâeJÙe keâer osMe (veeo) hejcheje yenglehegjeveer nw~’’7

Jewmes lees keâueeSB mechetCe& DeeefmlelJe keâe me=peve keâjleernQ, efkeâvleg meerleekeâevle cenehee$e kesâ MeyoeW ceW—nceeje Ûejceue#Ùe Deheveer Devlejelcee keâes henÛeevevee nw Deewj Gmes efJeMJeelceemes peesÌ[vee nw~ Jes keânles nQ—‘‘Deelcee Deheveer cetue MegefÛeleeceW oerhle nw Deewj peerJeve keâe GösMÙe Deelcee kesâ efueS DeeJesiehewoe keâjvee nw, Deelcee keâer cegefòeâ kesâ efueS leer›e ueeuemeehewoe keâjveer nw~’’8

efJe<Ceg [s, [e@. meerleekeâevle cenehee$e Ùee efoJÙe hejechejekesâ ØekeâeMe ceW osKeW lees Øees. Deefveue efmebn keâe uesKeve GösMÙehetCe&SJeb meeLe&keâ nw, Deelcee kesâ efueS DeeJesie hewoe keâjvee SJebmeeceeefpekeâ mecejmelee kesâ efueS uesKekeâerÙe mebIe<e& keâjvee neruesKeve keâe kesâvõerÙe YeeJe nw~ Fme efuenepe mes Deiej GveceWYeeweflekeâlee keâe GodIeešve nw lees Gmes DeeOÙeeeflcekeâ Yeeweflekeâleener keâne pee mekeâlee nw~ Ùes hebefòeâÙeeB Â<ÙeJÙe nQ—‘‘PegC[-keâer-PegC[ veerue ieeÙeW Glej DeeÙeeR~ cewoeveeW ceW he"ej-heneÌ[ÚesÌ[~ megveles nes YeeF&! ieeÙeW pebieueer nes ieFË nQ~ jpe jner njpeien pebieue~ ieeÙeW ieesheâe Jeeueer heâmeueeW keâes Ûej jner nQ~Ùes Ûej jner nQ meesÙeeyeerve kesâ Kesle~ Keheme jner nw hegâveefieÙeeBFmeefueS Deye uegne-uegne keâe meceÙe veneR nw~ uegne-uegneyeve peeves keâe meceÙe nw~ megveles nes YeeF&~’’9

keâefJelee keâes Deelcee keâer menÛejer SJeb iecYeerj jÛeveelcekeâkeâce& ceeveves Jeeues keâefJe Deefveue keâer keâefJeleeSB Deelce Ûesleveekeâes meceefhe&le omleeJespe nQ~ Fve keâefJeleeDeeW keâes heÌ{vee ØekeâeMeGlmeJe ceW Meeefceue nesves pewmee nw~ peerJeve peiele keâer Ùeb$eCeeDeeW-efJeõtheleeDeeW keâe meecevee keâjleer keâefJeleeSB JÙeehekeâ meceeJesMeerpeerJeve efJeJeskeâ ceW ueÙe heeleer nQ~’ Jen peerves keâer GcceerokeâYeer veneR ÚesÌ[lee nw~ Jen keânlee nw—‘‘iebiee ceW DeeF&yeeÌ{~ yene ues ieÙeer ieeBJe keâ ieeBJe~—uegšves-GpeÌ[ves kesâyeeo Yeer~ yeÛee jnlee nw kegâÚ-ve-kegâÚ, yeÛeer jnleer nQGcceeroW~ ÛeeWÛe Deewj eflevekesâ~’’10

Øees. Deefveue efmebn keâer keâefJeleeSB ceveg<Ùe keâes ceveg<Ùenesves keâe yeesOe keâjeves kesâ meeLe-meeLe GveceW hetCe&lee keâerDeekeâeb#ee keâes peeie=le keâjleer nQ; ÙeLee—‘‘hekeâvee megvojnesvee nw~ Ûeens Deece hekesâ Ùee cekeâesÙe~ keâuee hekesâ Ùee hekesâDeheves ceW meceÙe~ efyevee lehes keâuee veneR nesleer nw keâuee~efce"eme veneR nesleer efce"eme~ meceÙe veneR neslee Keeme~ Fmelejnb hekeâvee mJeÙeb keâes Keesvee nw~ hej keâe nesvee nw~’’11

Deheves efueS lees meye peerles nQ uesefkeâve pees DeheveeW kesâefueS peerles nQ, Gvekeâe peerJeve ner peervee neslee~ Øees. DeefveueDeheves efueS peerves keâe Ghe›eâce jÛeles-ieÌ{les nQ~ Skeâ meeLe&keâpeerJeve mes ner Deelcee keâer Decejlee hej KejeWÛe veneR Deeleer~Fmeer YeeJeYetefle hej KeÌ[e neskeâj keâefJe efJeMJeelcee mes melelepegÌ[ves keâe Dee£eve keâjlee nw~ Ùen yeKetyeer peevelee nw efkeâ ÙenmeceÙe meebmke=âeflekeâ efJeIešve keâe nw~ osn mebmke=âefle kesâ {esueheeršs pee jns nQ~ FmeefueS Jen iegne meeOekeâ-mee DeheveskeâjCeerÙe keâce& ceW efvejle nw~ osn YeefJe<Ùele mebleefleÙeeW kesâmeheveeW keâes yeÛeeves keâer Ûes°e keâjlee nw~ Jen hegkeâej G"lee nw~‘‘kewâmes yeÛeW Debkegâefjle meheves~ kewâmes cetle& neWies melejbieer efJeÛeej~jsle nesleer ogefveÙee ceW~ efkeâmeer-ve-efkeâmeer keâes yevevee nesieeØe¥eo~ efoKeevee nesiee uegkeäkeâ YesefÌ[ÙeeW keâes~’’12

Fme ueewn meceÙe kesâ efJekeâeme kesâ veece hej Yeeweflekeâleekeâe ieeÙeve SJeb Gvekeâe ØeÛeej-Øemeej hetCe& efJekeâeme veneR ueemekeâlee~ Fme lekeâveerkeâ Ùegie ceW osMe-osMe keâer mebmke=âefleÙeeBDeye efyeKejsves keâes DeefYeMehle nQ~ Skeâ veF& JewefMJekeâ mebmke=âefle


keâe GoÙe megefveefMÛele nw uesefkeâve Jen osn keâer mebmke=âefle keâeJeenkeâ SJeb hees<ekeâ ve yeveves heeÙes~ GveceW Deelcee keâe GppeJeueØekeâeMe Yeer meceeefnle nes~ Fme efuenepe mes YeejleerÙe ceveer<eekesâ GheemekeâeW, ceeveJelee SJeb mecelee kesâ hetpekeâ Deelce hetleeWkeâes Dence Yetefcekeâe efveYeeves keâer pe™jle nw~ Gme Âef° mescetuÙeebkeâve keâjves hej Øees. Deefveue efmebn kesâ jÛeveelcekeâ keâce&mes efJeMJeeme SJeb mecyeue efceuelee nw~ Gvekeâer keâefJeleeSBieefleMeerue efÛevleveOeeje mes iegpejles ngS meceÙe DeelceerÙe mebJeeojÛeleer nQ efpeveceW efJeefMe° JewÛeeefjkeâ ueÙe nesleer nw~

peneB lekeâ keâuee he#e Ùee keâuee meeOevee keâer jÛeveelcekeâkeâce& mes Yetefcekeâe nw Gmes YeeJe meeOevee mes Deueie keâjkesâ veneRosKee peevee ÛeeefnS~ Øees. Deefveue efmebn Deheves YeeJeeW, efJeÛeejeWkesâ Deveg™he keâuee keâes {eue uesles nQ~ Yee<ee Gvekesâ efJeÛeejeWkeâer Devegieeefceveer nw~ Jes ef""keâ-ef""keâ keâj MeyoeW keâes veneRKeespeles-ieÌ{les yeefukeâ YeeJe ØeJeen ceW pees Meyo menpe keâermenÙee$eer yeveles nQ~ GvnW Jes mJeerkeâej uesles nQ~ heâuele:keâefJeleeDeeW ceW menpelee SJeb JewÛeeefjkeâ ieefle nesleer nw~ Deb«espeerkesâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ nesves kesâ yeeJepeto lelmece MeyoeW keâes JejerÙeleeosles nQ~ Deheveer yeeleeW keâes meerOes keânves kesâ he#eOej veneR ueielesyeefukeâ keânve Mewueer ceW veeškeâerÙelee ueeles nQ~ osMepe MeyoeWkeâes Yeer Fvekesâ jÛevee mebmeej ceW Deeoj YeeJe nw uesefkeâvepeyejve Deejesefhele kegâÚ Yeer veneR nQ~

Øees. Deefveue efmebn kesâ keâeJÙe ceW peerJeve cetuÙeeW keâerheÌ[leeue mes mhe° nw efkeâ keâefJe Skeâ GppeJeue keâuee hejchejekeâe Jeenkeâ nw~ keâefJelee keâce& keâes Skeâ efpeccesoej keâce& ceeveveskesâ veeles Gmekeâer Âef° ceeveJeerÙe SJeb mecelee cetuekeâ nw~ JesGme peerJeve yeesOe keâes jÛeles nQ~ efpemeceW efJe<ecelee SJeb JewjeiÙeve nes yeefukeâ peneB meyekeâer GheefmLeefle kesâ efueS meceeve ™hemes mecceeve YeeJe nes~ Fme mecelJe YeeJevee keâer GheemeveeDeelcee SJeb efJeMJeelcee mes pegÌ[keâj ner mecYeJe nw~ keâefJe ceWGòejesòej IeveerYetle nesleer mebJesovee Gmekeâer efoJÙe Ûeslevee kesâ

Øeefle efve‰e keâe Øeefleheâue nw~ Ùener keâefJe SJeb keâefJelee keâeheefjÛeÙe nw~ peerJeve cetuÙeeW kesâ Øeefle ienjer DeemLee ceW ieefleMeerueÛeslevee cetuekeâ hejcheje keâe efJeMes<e Ùeesie nw~ Fme ™he ceW Jen›eâeefvlekeâejer Yeer nw~ Ùekeâerveve Øees. efmebn peerJeve cetuÙeeW keâermLeehevee ceW yegæ, keâyeerj, ßeer DejefJevoes, pes ke=â<Ce cetefle&,šwieesj, efvece&ue Jecee& keâer hejcheje kesâ OJepeJeenkeâ nQ~ iecYeerjmebJesovee keâe mebÛeej keâjves Jeeueer keâefJeleeDeeW kesâ DeOÙeÙeve kesâefueS ceQ meeefnlÙe ØesefceÙeeW SJeb cece&%eeW keâes Deecebef$ele keâjleentB~ Fme keâefJe keâe menÙeesieer yeveves kesâ efueS Fmekesâ keâeJÙemecegõ ceW ieeslee ueieeves kesâ efueS efJeMes<e lewÙeejer keâer pe™jlenw~ JeeCeer kesâ Jejo heg$e Øees. Deefveue keâe keâueelcekeâ uesKevemeceÙe kesâ Yeeues keâe kegâce-kegâce Ûebove yeves, Fmeer YeeJeveeDeeWkesâ meeLe...~

mebvoYe& «ebLe1. [e@. Oece&Jeerj Yeejleer, ceeveJe cetuÙe Deewj meeefnlÙe YeejleerÙe,

%eeveheer" ØekeâeMeve, efouueer, 1990, he=. 042. Deefveue kegâceej efmebn, melÙeefØeÙe, heeBÛeJee ef#eeflepe : Yeeie&Je

SC[ keâcheveer, Fueeneyeeo, 2014, he=. 093. Jener, he=. 534. Deefveue kegâceej efmebn, peeÌ[s keâer Oethe, efkeâleeye cenue

ØekeâeMeve, Fueeneyeeo, 1998, he=. 065. Jener, hespe (Yetefcekeâe mes)6. Jener, he=. 727. jJeerõ keâeefueÙee, me. %eeveheer" hegjmkeâej, 1965-2010,

YeejleerÙe %eeveheer", veF& efouueer, 2013, he=. 1618. [e@. meerleekeâevle cenehee$e, Meyo, meceÙe Deewj mebmke=âefle,

YeejleerÙe %eeveheer", veF& efouueer, 1998, he=. 72-739. Deefveue kegâceej efmebn, yeÛeer jnsieer Oethe, efJevOÙe efuešjsjer

heâeGC[sMeve, meerOeer, 2003, he=. 4910. [e@. Deefveue kegâceej efmebn ‘[tye Deewj veeruee ÛeeBo’ mebjÛevee

ØekeâeMeve, Fueeneyeeo, 2012, he=. 4511. Jener, he=. 6712. Jener, he=. 99

MeesOe meejebMe

‘‘21JeeR meoer kesâ GYejles heefjÂMÙe ceW ceefnueeDeeW keâe Ùeesieoeve’’ [e@. ieerlee efleJeejer

[ 88 ]

DeeOegefvekeâ Ùegie ceW mJelev$elee kesâ heMÛeeled JewOeeefvekeâ Âef° mes Yeejle keâer veejer DeefOekeâejmecheVe ngF&, Deewj efMe#ee ves Gmekeâer Øeefle‰e ceW Ûeej ÛeeBo ueieeÙes~ meeceeefpekeâ kegâjerefleÙeeW DeewjÛegveewefleÙeeW keâe meecevee keâjleer ngF& Skeâ Deesj Gmeves heefjJeej keâer mebjÛevee ceW Ùeesieoeve efoÙee lees,otmejer Deesj Jen je°^ efvecee&Ce ceW Decej keâerefle& keâer hejÛeeÙekeâ nQ~ 21JeeR meoer kesâ Jele&ceeve meceÙe ceWDeheves DeeefmlelJe Deheveer henÛeeve Deewj Deheves DeefOekeâejeW keâe mebkeâuhe uesleer ceefnueeÙeW cegKeefjle nesG"er nQ~ ceefnueeDeeW keâer meeceeefpekeâ, DeeefLe&keâ Deewj jepeveereflekeâ GheueefyOeÙeeB heefjJeej mes ueskeâj je°êfvecee&Ce lekeâ nj #es$e ceW Fvekeâe Ùeesieoeve DeefJemcejCeerÙe nw~ peye Deheveer YeejleerÙe ceefnuee keâer yeelekeâjW lees ieewjJe keâer DevegYetefle nesleer nw~ ceefnuee keâe mLeeve nceejs meceepe ceW, nceejs meeefnlÙe ceWs, nceejsOece& Meem$eeW ceW SJeb nceejs je°^ ceW ncesMee mes yengle TBÛee jne nw~ pevceoe$eer nesves kesâ keâejCe veejer‘‘peveveer’’ nw~ peerJeve Yej heefle keâe meeLe efveYeeves kesâ keâejCe ‘meÉÙeeef$eCeer’ nw~ Oece&keâeÙeeX ceW GmekeâemeeLe DeefveJeeÙe& nesves kesâ keâejCe ‘menOeefce&Ceer’ nw~ ie=n keâer JÙeJemLeeefhekeâe nesves kesâ keâejCe‘ie=nue#ceer’ efJeMes<eCe mes efJeYetef<ele ngF& nw~

* DeOÙeehekeâ, MeemekeâerÙe ceeOÙeefcekeâ efJeÅeeueÙe, yeje, jerJee (ce.Øe.), ceesyeeFue : 9993212765

‘‘ceneosJeer Jecee& kesâ MeyoeW ceW veejer kesâJeue ceebmeefheb[keâer meb%ee veneR nw~ Deeefokeâeue mes Deepe lekeâ efJekeâeme heLehej heg®<eeW keâe meeLe oskeâj Gmekeâer Ùee$ee keâes mejue yeveekeâj,Gmekesâ DeefYeMeeheeW keâes mJeÙeb Pesuekeâj Deewj Deheves JejoeveeWmes peerJeve ceW De#eÙe Meefòeâ Yejkeâj ceeveJeer ves efpeme JÙeefòeâlJe,Ûeslevee Deewj ùoÙe keâe efJekeâeme efkeâÙee nw, Gmeer keâe heÙee&Ùe‘‘veejer’’ nw~’’1

jJeervõveeLe "ekegâj ves keâne ‘‘legce efJeMJe keâer heueveerMeefòeâ keâer Oeeefjkeâe’’ nes, MeefòeâceÙe ceeOegjer kesâ ™he ceW~

‘‘MeskeämeefheÙej keâer ceevÙelee nw efkeâ—meewvoÙe& efm$eÙeeWkeâes ØeeÙe: DeefYeceeveer yeveelee nw, meodiegCe Gvekeâes DeefleØeMebmeveerÙe yeveelee nw Deewj efJeveÙe mes Jen osJeleguÙe nes peeleer

nQ~ cegPes ceveg keâer hebefòeâÙeeB mcejCe nes G"leer nQ ‘Ùe$e veeÙe&mleg-hetpeÙebles jcebles le$e osJelee’’ YeejleerÙe veejer kesâ keâF& ™he nQ~Jen keâF& efjMleeW ceW iegLeer Skeâ nw~’’

meceepe keâer ØeeLeefcekeâ FkeâeF& heefjJeej keâer cegKÙe Oegjer‘ceefnuee’ keâes meMeòeâ yeveekeâj ner peeie™keâ meceepe DeewjØeieefleMeerue jepÙe keâer mebkeâuhevee keâes meekeâej efkeâÙee pee mekeâleenw~ efyevee ceefnueeDeeW keâes cegKÙe Oeeje mes peesÌ[s ogefveÙee kesâ ceeveefÛe$eceW efkeâmeer Yeer osMe keâes Skeâ GVele je°^ kesâ ™he ceW Øeefle‰eefoueeves keâer keâuhevee kesâJeue otj keâer keâewÌ[er ner meeefyele nesieer,ceOÙe ØeosMe Fme yeoueeJe keâe peerJeble mee#eer nw efkeâ ØeosMe keâerceefnueeÙeW efvejvlej Deeies yeÌ{ jner nQ Deewj ØeosMe mejkeâej vesGvekeâer mecemÙeeDeeW keâes mecePee SJeb Gve ØeleerkeâeW Deewj hejchejeDeeW

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mes efm$eÙeeW keâes cegòeâ keâjeÙee pees YesoYeeJe Deewj Mees<eCe keâer yegefveÙeeokeâes Deewj cepeyetle keâjles nQ~

megefJeÛeeefjle veerefleÙeeW Deewj keâeÙe&›eâceeW kesâ ceeOÙece mesmeceepe ceW ceefnueeDeeW keâer Yetefcekeâe efveOee&efjle keâjves kesâ efueSkeâF& "esme keâoce G"eÙes ieÙes nQ~ mejkeâej keâe ceevevee nw efkeâ,ØeosMe ceW ceefnueeDeeW kesâ efJekeâeme kesâ efueS Skeâ meMeòeâ JeeleeJejCelewÙeej nes leeefkeâ Jes Deheves efnle ceW mJeÙeb hewâmeuee ues mekeWâ~ veefmehe&â ceefnueeDeeW keâes heg®<eeW kesâ yejeyej KeÌ[e nesves keâe ceewkeâeefoÙee yeefukeâ Gve iejerye Iejsuet keâecekeâepeer ceefnueeDeeW kesâ Ûesnjshej Yeer cegmkeâjenš peieeF&, peneB hej 13 Dekeäštyej 2009keâes Menjer Iejsuet keâecekeâepeer ceefnueeDeeW keâer hebÛeeÙele ngF& DeewjIejeW ceW keâece keâjves Jeeueer ceefnueeDeeW keâes heâesšes Ùegòeâ heefjÛeÙehe$e, GheÛeej, Deveskeâ yeÛÛeeW keâes efve:Megukeâ hee"dÙe hegmlekeâ,Øemlegefle meneÙelee yeercee Ùeespevee, heWMeve Deeefo megefJeOeeÙeW GheueyOekeâjeF&~ heg®<e Deewj ceefnueeDeeW keâer meceevelee keâer Øeyeue he#eOejceOÙe ØeosMe mejkeâej ves veiejerÙe efvekeâeÙeeW Deewj mJeemLe efvekeâeÙeeWkesâ ÛegveeJeeW ceW ceefnueeDeeW keâes 50 heâermeoer Deej#eCe osves keâeDence hewâmeuee efkeâÙee nw~2

‘‘osMe keâer megj#ee keâer cepeyetle oeJesoejer ceW osMe keâerefcemeeFue megj#ee keâer keâÌ[er ceW 5000 efkeâceer. keâer ceejkeâ#ecelee Jeeueer Deefive-5 efcemeeFue keâe meheâue hejer#eCe šsmeerLee@ceme ves efkeâÙee~ FmeefueS FvnW ‘efcemeeFue Jetcesve’ SJeb‘Deefiveheg$eer’ mes mecyeesefOele keâjles nQ~ 20 meeueeW mes Ùes osMekeâer efcemeeFue Øeespeskeäš keâes mecYeeue jner nQ~ YeejleerÙe ‘‘šQkeâSJeb heâeru[ keâer jeveer’’ heer.šer.T<ee keâes nce keâYeer veneR Yegueemekeâles nQ~ FvnW ‘hemeesueer SkeämeØesme’ veecekeâ Gheveece efoÙeeieÙee nw, efpevneWves SefMeÙeeF& SJeb Devleje&°êrÙe ØeefleÙeesefielee ceWefJeefMe° henÛeeve yeveeF& nw~ cewjer keâece YeejleerÙe ceefnueecegkeäkesâyeepe nw~ Fvekeâer GheueefyOeÙeeW kesâ keâejCe FvnW cee@iveerefheâmeWšcewjer keâe mecyeesOeve efoÙee ieÙee nw~ meeÙevee vesnJeeue, meeefveÙeeefcepee& Deepe Kesue peiele keâer ieewjJehetCe& henÛeeve nQ~ yeÚsvõerheeue SJejsmš hej ÛeÌ{ves Jeeueer ØeLece YeejleerÙe ceefnuee nQ~YeejleerÙe cetue keâer megveerlee efJeefueÙecme Deewj keâuhevee ÛeeJeueeDelebefj#e hešue keâer efJeefMe° henÛeeve nQ~’’

‘‘efJeMJe efvecee&Ce keâer keâerefle&-mlebYeÛeeefjÙeeW ceW ceefnueeceleeefOekeâej kesâ efueS meJe&ØeLece ueÌ[ves Jeeueer FefceueeFve

hewkebânmš&, veJeerve yeeue efMe#eCe heæefle keâer ØeCeslee ceeefjÙeeceebšsmejer, ves$enerveeW keâer pÙeesefle nsueve kesâuej, keâ®Cee Deewjmvesn keâer osJeer ceoj šsjsmee je°^ efvecee&Ce ceW Deheves keâeÙeeXÉeje Decej nes ieÙeer~ jepeveerefle kesâ #es$e ceW ßeeruebkeâe keâerYetlehetJe& ØeOeeveceb$eer efmejerceeJees Yeb[ejveeÙekesâ, je°^heefle Ûebefõkeâekegâceejlegbies, FpejeFue keâer YetlehetJe& ØeOeeveceb$eer ieesu[eceeÙejDeewj «esš efyeÇšsve keâer hetJe& ØeOeeveceb$eer ceej«esš LewÛej leLeeYeejle keâer ØeOeeveceb$eer ßeerceleer Fefvoje ieebOeer keâe veece jepeveereflekesâ #es$e ueeskeâefØeÙe nw~’’3

efJeMJe meeefnlÙe ceW veesyeue mecceeve mes mecceeefvelešesveer ceesefjmeve ves meeefnlÙe kesâ ceeOÙece mes Deøeâerkeâer, DecesefjkeâerDeMJesle DeewjleeW keâes henÛeeve efoueeves keâe keâece efkeâÙee nw~Deveskeâ veece ceefnueeDeeW keâer GheueefyOeÙeeW leLee MeewÙe& keâeiegCeieeve keâj jns nQ~ efJepeÙe ue#ceer heefC[le ves meved 1953ceW mebÙegòeâ je°^ mebIe cenemeYee keâer DeOÙe#elee keâj Yeejle keâesefJeMJe ceW efJeefMe° mLeeve efoueeÙee~ ceefnueeDeeW ves meYeerYee<eeDeeW kesâ meeefnlÙe ceW me=peve keâe meceepe Je je°^ efÛe$eCeefkeâÙee nw~ Yeejle keâer Deepeeoer ceW Deiej cenelcee ieebOeer keâeÙeesieoeve nw lees, keâmletjyee yeeF& keâe Ùeesieoeve keâce veneR nw~Ùeefo Ú$eheefle efMeJeepeer keâer leueJeej mes cegieue keâeBheles Les leesjeveer ue#ceeryeeF& keâer leueJeej mes Yeer Deb«espeeW kesâ Úkeäkesâ Útšpeeles Les~ keäÙee Jeerjebievee ogiee& yeeF& Ùee efheâj jeveer keâceueeJeleerefkeâmeer mes keâce yeneogj Deewj ›eâeefvlekeâejer ceefnueeÙeW LeeR~F&MJej ves ceefnuee SJeb heg®<e oesveeW keâes Skeâ meceepe, SkeâjLe kesâ oes heefnÙeeW kesâ ™he ceW yeveeÙee nw, pees Mueeskeâ nceejsosMe ceW meyemes pÙeeoe heÌ{e Deewj yeesuee peelee nw Gmekeâerhenueer hebefòeâ nw—

‘‘lJecesJe ceelee Ûe efhelee lJecesJe,lJecesJe yevOegMÛe meKee lJecesJe’’4

Ùen nceejer heewjeefCekeâ DeJeOeejCee nw efkeâ F&MJej nerhenues nceejer ceelee nw efheâj efhelee nw efheâj YeeF& nw efheâj meKeenw~ Yeejle Deewj ogefveÙee Yej kesâ osMeeW keâes Deye Ùen mecePeuesvee ÛeeefnÙes efkeâ veejer Meefòeâ kesâ efyevee efJekeâeme Deewj DecevemecYeJe veneR nw~ ‘‘ceneve keâefJeefÙe$eer ceneosJeer Jecee& ves DeheveerhebefòeâÙeeW ceW veejer ceve keâer heerÌ[e keâes kegâÚ Fme Øekeâej mesJee|Cele efkeâÙee nw—‘‘ceQ veerj Yejer og:Ke keâer yeoueer, GceÌ[er


keâue-keâue Leer efceš Deepe Ûeueer~ efJemle=le veYe keâe keâesF&keâesvee cesje keâYeer ve Dehevee nesvee, heefjÛeÙe cesje FeflenemeÙener’’~ efkeâvleg Deye Yeejle keâer veejer yeoue Ûegkeâer nw~ DeepeYeejle ›eâeefvle kesâ Ùegie ceW ØeJesMe keâj jne nw Deewj Fme yeej›eâeefvle keâer keâneveer efueKeves ceW Fme osMe keâer veejer heg®<eeW mesheerÚs veneR jnsieer~’’5

meceepe ceW veejer mecceeve keâes keâF& Ûegveewleer efceueleerjner nw~ meeOJeer helveer keâes Deefive-hejer#ee osveer heÌ[er, mevosncee$e mes Deefive pJeeuee ceW Peguemeer, osJeleeDeeW kesâ ceveesjbpevekesâ efueS osJeoemeer yeveer Deewj heg®<eeW kesâ ceveesjbpeve kesâ efueSkeâefCekeâe~ yeewækeâeueerve veejer keâer efmLeefle Fleveer oÙeveerÙe Leerefkeâ YeieJeeved yegæ keâes veejer kesâ Gæej kesâ efueS ‘efYe#egCeer’’yeveves keâer mJeerke=âle osveer heÌ[er, cegieue keâeue ceW YeejleerÙe veejerÛeejoerJeejer kesâ Devoj kewâo jner nw~

Deepe meceepe Ùeefo ceefnueeDeeW keâer meeceeefpekeâ meceeveleekesâ nkeâ keâer yeele megveves keâes lewÙeej ngDee nw lees Ùen ceefnueeDeeWkesâ he#e ceW GYejleer DeeJeepe ceW DeeF& veejer Ûeslevee keâeheefjCeece nw~ ceefnueeDeeW keâes Jeesš osves leLee osMe keâer jepeveerefleDeewj hebÛeeÙeleeW ceW efnmmesoejer keâjves keâe DeefOekeâej Yeer Fmeerleekeâle kesâ DeeOeej hej efceuee nw~

‘‘Fefleneme ieJeen nw efkeâ, osMe ceW ceefnueeDeeW vesDeeoMe& keâeÙece efkeâÙee nw~ meerlee nes Ùee jeOee, Peebmeer keâerjeveer nes Ùee DeefnuÙee yeeF&, Fefvoje ieebOeer nes Ùee keâuheveeÛeeJeuee Fve ceefnueeDeeW ves hetjs efJeMJe ceW meceepe keâes Skeâ veF&efoMee osves keâe ØeÙeeme efkeâÙee nw~ ceefnueeSB efkeâmeer Yeer ceeceuesceW heg®<eeW mes keâce veneR nQ uesefkeâve heg®<e ØeOeeve meceepe ceWGvnW DeJemej keâce efceues nQ~ peneB Yeer DeJemej efceues nQGvneWves efoKee efoÙee nw efkeâ Jes meYeer keâeÙeeX keâes keâjves ceWme#ece nQ~’’8 neueebefkeâ DeefMe#ee kegâjerefleÙeeW kesâ Ûeueles DeepeYeer nceejs osMe keâer ceefnueeSB Jen Øeieefle neefmeue veneR keâjheeÙeer nQ pees GvnW keâjveer ÛeeefnÙes~ Fmekesâ efueS F&ceeveoejer mesØeÙeeme Yeer veneR efkeâÙes ieÙes~ ncesMee ceefnueeDeeW keâes hejos ceWjKeves keâer keâesefMeMe keâer peeleer jner nw~ meceÙe kesâ yeoueeJe kesâ

meeLe ceefnueeSB Deeies DeeFË~ ‘‘ceneosJeer Jecee& kesâ MeyoeW ceW‘ÙegieeW mes heerefÌ[le jnves kesâ keâejCe pees nervelee kesâ mebmkeâejYeejleerÙe veejer ceW yeve veÙes Les, GvnW DeeOegefvekeâ YeejleerÙe veejerves Deheves jòeâ Deewj ØemJeso mes Fme Øekeâej Oees efoÙee efkeâDeeieeceer Ùegie keâer veejer keâes Gme hej keâesF& jbie veneR ÛeÌ{eveeheÌ[siee~ Deheves mJe™he kesâ efueS meceepe mes ÙeeÛevee keâjveskeâer DeeJeMÙekeâlee veneR heÌ[sieer~ keâeue Deewj heefjefmLeefle kesâDevegketâue veejer ves Ùeesieoeve efoÙee nw~ ie=nmLeer kesâ ™he ceW Iejkeâe, neLe ceW leueJeej ueskeâj je°^ keâer megj#ee keâe, mesJee keâercetefle& yeve ceeveJe heerÌ[e keâe njCe efkeâÙee Deewj ØeOeeveceb$eer yeveje°^ keâer YeeiÙe efJeOeelee yeveer Gmekeâe Ùeesieoeve Demeerefcele nw~ceefnueeSB nj #es$e ceW Deeies yeÌ{er nQ~ hej meeLe ner Gvekesâ Øeefleneslee DevÙeeÙe Yeer DeesPeue Meesef<ele nw~’’7

‘‘meeceeefpekeâ mecemÙeeDeeW keâes otj keâjves kesâ efueSceefnueeDeeW keâe mebieef"le nesvee pe™jer nw~ Ùen yeoueves ceWDeYeer meceÙe ueiesiee, jemlee uecyee Ûegveewleer Yeje, hej DeeMeeJeeoernw, ÂÌ{ FÛÚe Meefòeâ Deewj efMe#ee ves veejer kesâ meheveeW keâesmehlejbie oskeâj veF& jenW Keesueer nQ~ veF& meoer keâer veejer kesâheeme keâeceÙeeyeer kesâ GÛÛelece efMeKej keâes Útves keâer Deheej#ecelee nw~’’8

mevoYe& œeesle1. G<ee DejesÌ[e : Deepekeâue meeefnlÙe Deewj meebmke=âeflekeâ keâe

ceeefmekeâ heef$ekeâe Debkeâ, ceeÛe&-2016, he=. 62. owefvekeâ peeiejCe, jerJee Devleje&°êrÙe ceefnuee efoJeme hej

efJeMes<e, 20113. G<ee DeejesÌ[e, Deepekeâue meeefnlÙe Deewj mebmke=âefle keâe

ceeefmekeâ, he=. 74. owefvekeâ peeiejCe meceeÛeej-he$e, he=. 6, me$e 20125. owefvekeâ peeiejCe meceeÛeej he$e he=., me$e 20126. veF& ogefveÙee meceeÛeej-he$e he=. 7, me$e 20117. G<ee DejesÌ[e, Deepekeâue meeefneflÙekeâ SJeb mebmke=âefle keâe

ceeefmekeâ Debkeâ, ceeÛe& 20158. G<ee DejesÌ[e, Deepekeâue meeefneflÙekeâ SJeb mebmke=âefle keâe

ceeefmekeâ, he=. 7, ceeÛe& 2015

MeesOe meejebMe

Jeeuceerefkeâ jeceeÙeCe Deewj DeLee&uebkeâej Deveeefcekeâe ÛelegJexoer

[ 91 ]

vFkkZyadkjksa dh lq"kek vius uSlfxZd :i esa dkO; dks Hkwf"kr djrh gSAvFkkZyadkj 'kCn ds fp= èkeZ ls lEcfUèkr gSaA fdlh oLrq ;k ?kVuk ds Le`frèk`r1]LQqV ;k vLQqV fp= dks eu ds insZ esa txkdj mldh lgk;rk ls oDrO; dhvfHkO;fDr djus dk èkeZ gh fp=&èkeZ gSA oDrO; dks lqUnj cukus ds fy, mlesaLi"Vrk ykus ds fy, fp=:i dh lgk;rk yh tkrh gSA dkO; esa vyadj.k dslkFk&lkFk] fp=e;h Hkk"kk] bfUnz;xzká Hkh gks tkrh gS vkSj fo'ks"kksfDr dk dkedjrh gSA ykSfdd NUn ds fodkl dh gh Hkkafr okYehfd us vyadkfjd iz;ksxksadk Hkh fodkl fd;kA mUgksaus ljl vkSj yfyr 'kCnksa esa fo"k; dk fp=.kfp=kRed o.kZu fd;k gS tks lgt gh fdlh dk eu vkÑ"V dj ysrk gSA mudhljl dksey inkoyh ;qDr LoHkkoksfDr yksd esa izpfyr gks xbZA blh ls¼LokHkoksfDr½ Hkh ,d fo'ks"k vyadkj :i esa iz;qDr gksdj vkfn dfo dk fiz;vyadkj ekuk tkus yxkA vLrq] okYehfd us ftu ewy vyadkjksa dk vkJ; ysdjvius vyadkjksa dk fodkl fd;k] os gSa & miek] :id] mRizs{kk vkfnA oSls rksyksd izfl) mfDr ;gh gS fd miek ds lezkV dkfynkl gSa 2 fdUrq okYehfd dsiz;ksx ds le{k mudk iz;ksx Hkh {kh.k izfrHkkflr gksrk gSA

* heer-SÛe.[er. (mebmke=âle), DeeoMe& G.cee. efJeÅeeueÙe kesâ meeceves, efJeMJeefJeÅeeueÙe jes[, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

izLrqr 'kksèk&i= esa okYehfd jkek;.k esavFkkZyadj dks izLrqr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;kgS ftlesa miek lHkh lkn`';ewyd vyadkjksa dkmn~Hkkod gSA bldh izèkkurk crkrs gq, jkt'ks[kjus bls dfooa'k dh ekrk dgk gSA vr% jkek;.k esablh vyadkj dh izèkkurk gSA miek ls mn~HkwrmRisz{k] izrhi] O;frjsd vkfn dk Hkh jkek;.k esaiz;ksx gqvk gS fdUrq ;s lc miek ds vUrfgZr

fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA miek dh ;kstuk esa dfo dhO;kid n`f"V dk vkHkkl gksrk gSA mies; vkSjmieku esa O;kid n`f"V dk vkHkkl gksrk gSA3

mies; vkSj mieku esa lkèkE;Z&LFkkiuk ds }kjkdfo us viuh dYiuk 'kfDr ,oa oLrqvksa ds :ixq.k&fØ;k vkfn ds izdVu ls HkkoksfDr esa lQyrkdk Kku gksrk gSA izLrqr dk o.kZu djus ds fy,O;kid thou vkSj izÑfr ds vizLrqr inkFkksZa dk

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Year-2016Vol. 4



p;u fd;k x;k gSA okYehfd us ekyksiek4 dklqUnj iz;ksx fd;k gSA jkek;.k ds izkjEHk esa gh,d lqUnj miek dk mnkgj.k feyrk gS] tksgekjh dYiuk esa vfHkHkwr gks tkrh gSA ;Fkk &

^^vdnZefena rhFkZa HkjNt fl'kke; je.kh;aizlUukEcq lUeuq";ekuks ;Fkk**AA5

;gka izlUu vkSj je.kh; 'kCn okYehfd dh'kSyh vksj izfrek dk vkHkkl djkrs gSaA jkek;.kesa iz;qDr lHkh vyadkj izlkn] je.kh;rk vkSjLi"Vrk ds xq.kksa ls ;qDr gSaA

jkek;.k esa dkO;kRed fof'k"Vrk ds fy, ;kfojkV Hkkouk ds fy, lkxj] ou] ioZr] vusd'k%izLrqr fd;k gSA izÑfr {ks= ds miekuksa dks Hkhdfo us viuk;k gSA ;gh dkj.k gS] fddkO;&uk;d dks xkSEHkh;Z esa leqnz ds leku dgkx;k gSA jke ds lkSUn;Z ds fy, dey dks vkèkkjekuk x;k gSA vyadkj&txr~ esa dey dh egÙkkblfy, Hkh vkSj vfèkd gks xbZ gS] D;ksafd mldklEcUèk fo".kq y{eh] czãk vkSj ljLorh ls ?kfu"VFkkA vr,o jke dh ';keyrk esa ';ke&deydks mieku ekudj mUgsa bUnhoj ';ke dgk x;kgSA6 jke ds iwoZtksa ds iq#"kkFkZ ds fpUg lkxj dksjke us lsrqcUèk dh peRdkfjd ?kVuk ls thrkFkk] vr,o okYehfd gh ,sls izFke dfo Fks ftUgksauslkxj ds izfr vkReh;rk vkSj isze dk Hkko iznf'kZrdj mldk o.kZu jkek;.k esa fd;kA7 okYehfd uslkxj ds rjxksa dh rqyuk mYykl ls dh gSA

vkdk'k esa es?kksa dks phjdj pUnzek ds fudyusdh izfØ;k dks Hkh mieku ekudj guqeku dksmies; ekuk x;k gSA 'kCnkyadkjksa dh vis{kkvFkkZyadkjksa dh lq"kek vius uSlfxZd :i esadkO; dks vfèkd Hkwf"kr djrh gSA vFkkZyadkjksa dklEcUèk 'kCn ds fp=e;h bfUnz; xzkg~;rk Hkh gkstkrh gS rFkk fo'ks"kksfDr dk dk;Z Hkh djrh gSAvkfndfo okYehfd us viuh vf}rh; dkO;xfrjkek;.k esa ljy ,oa yfyr 'kCnksa esa fo"k; dk

fp=kRed o.kZu fd;k gS] tks lgt gh eu dksvÑ"V dj ysrk gSA okYehfd us ftu ewy vyadkjksadk vkJe ysdj vius vyadkjksa dk fodkl fd;kgS os miek] :id] mRisz{kk bR;kfn gSaA ;Fkk&guqeku~ es?ktkykfu izd"kZUek:rksa ;FkkA

izfo'kUuHkztkykfu fu,ira'p iqu% iqu%AAjkek;.k esa jke jfgr lwuh v;ksè;k dk o.kZu

vkSj v'kksd ou esaA ,dkfduh8 Hk;Hkhr lhrk dkfp=.k esa nksuksa izlax vizLrqr foèkku9 rFkk miekula;kstu dh n`f"V ls loZJs"B gSaA blesa miekuksadh ,slh lqUnj laxfr gqbZ gSa fd okYehfd ls ghekyksiek dh Jà[kyk ijorhZ dkO; dks miyCèkgqbZA ;g la;kstu vyaÑr egkdkO; dh 'kSyh dsvuq:i gh gqvk gSA okYehfd dh miek dk oSf'k"V~;;gh gS fd mUgksaus ifjfLFkfr dks viuh Hkkoqdrkls iw.kZ lk{kkRdkj djds mls viuh vn~Hkqr dYiuk}kjk izR;{k dj fn;kA blls Hkh vfèkd mudsikf.MR; vkSj yksdthou vFkok ;qxpsruk dh>yd feyrh gSA muds miekuksa esa [kxksy fo|k]_rq&foKku] vfXugks=] j.k{ks=] i'kq&txr~ jRuvk;y] T;ksfr"k] izÑfrd mRikr] e|'kkyk ikS'kkyk'kL=fo|k vkfn ls lEcfUèkr ltho fp=.k gSA

fojfg.kh10 lhrk dh rqyuk esa Hkh ekyksiekdk fp=.k feyk gSA11 okYehfd dk vR;Ur fiz;fopj.k {ks= izÑfr gSA vr% mUgksaus izÑfr ls ghik= vkSj izdj.k ds vuq:i fofoèk mieku laoghrfd;s gSaA riksou ds fo?ue; Hk;kud thounkokfXu HkkSxksfyd mRikr] vk[ksV vkfn dk fp=.kfd;k gSA T;ksfr"k vkSj izÑfr ds lkFk&lkFkuhfr'kkL=] laxhr] iqjk.k vkfn ds mieku dkvkJ; Hkh fy;k gSA12

jkek;.k esa mies; vkSj mieku esa LFkwy rFkklw{e ds Hksn ls miek ds dbZ izdkj nf"Vxkspj gksrsgSA ;Fkk LFkwy mies; ¼lhrk½ ds fy, LFkwy mieku¼i=eXuk if|uh½ Fkk ;wFkHkz"; gfj.kh] dfj.kh lsmiek nh xbZ gSA :i] xq.k] fØ;k] ds lkn`'; ls


buesa lkèkE;Z gSaA13 LFkwy mieku esa lhrk ds fy,jfr dh miek ikSjkf.kd 'kSyh dh miek gSA14

bl izdkj lw{e mies; ¼cqf)½ ds fy, lw{emieku ¼fo|k½ dk Hkh lkèkE;Z iw.kZ mnkgj.k feyrkgSA15 lw{e mies; ds fy, LFkwy mieku ¼ioZrlkxj vkSj ou vkfn½ dk mnkgj.k Hkh jkek;.k esamiyCèk gSA16 ,oesn LFkwy mies; ¼lhrk½ dk lw{emieku ¼ok.kh½ gSA vkSj LFkwy vkSj mies; ds fy,lw{e miekuksa dh rks jkek;.k esa Hkjekj gSA mieku¼ok.kh½ gS vkSj LFkwy mies; ds fy, lw{e miekuksadh rks jkek;.k esa Hkjekj gSA

mä mnkgj.kksa ds i;kZykspu ls Li"V gksrkgS fd jkek;.k dh miek,¡ HkkoksRd"kZ esa iw.kZ l{ke]lkèkE;Z;kstuk iw.kZ laf'y"V gSA muesa fp=ksierkHkh gSA okYehfd dh miekvksa esa le] bo] ;Fkkvkfn okpd 'kCnksa dk Hkh iz;ksx gqvk gSA bun`f"V;ksa ls miek vyadkjksa dk vykSfdd vkSjiw.kZ iz;ksx jkek;.k esa gqvkA

jkek;.k esa Li"V lqUnj vkSj LoPNUn miekvksads mnkgj.k cgqyre feyrs gSaA ftuls okYehfddh vykSfdd vkSj lgt izfrek dk vkHkkl feyrkgSA jkek;.k dh miekvksa dh ,d fo'ks"krk vkSjjgh gS fd dfo us viuh miek dks mPp mRÑ"Vre:i nsus ds fy, miek ds fy, miek dk iz;ksxfd;k gSA jkek;.k ds v;ksè;kdk.M ¼lxZ 14] 15]vkSj 19½ rFkk lqUnjdk.M esa blds mnkgj.kmiyCèk gksrs gSaA

:id Hkh lkn`';ewyd vyadkjksa esa izeq[kekuk tkrk gSA _Xosn esa mfYyf[kr vkfnevyadkjksa esa :id vR;re gSA jkek;.k esa Hkhlko;o vkSj fujo;o nksuksa izdkj ds :idksa dki;kZIr iz;ksx gqvk gSA lko;o ;k lkax :idksadk gh egkdkO; esa iz;ksx lqUnj ekuk x;k gSAvkpk;Z n.Mh us miek dk gh :i :id dkscrkdj miek&:id dk ?kfu"B lEcUèk cryk;k

gSA okYehfd us :id ds vk;kstu esa miek dklg;ksx fy;k gS miek dh miis{kk :id esamies; vkSj mieku lk lkn`'; bruk vfèkdgksrk gS fd nksuksa esa vHksn LFkkfir gks tkrk gSAjkek;.k esa :idksa ds iz;ksx vR;Ur lqUnj vkSjdykiw.kZ gq, gSaA :id ds rhu fujax] lkax vkSjijEikfjd Hksnksa dk iz;ksx jkek;.k esa ik;k tkrkgSA lkax :id fuEu:i esa miyCèk gSA n'kjFkvkSj Hkjr dk 'kksdlkxj] Hkjr dk nq%[k 'kSy]'kwiZ.k[kk dk 'kksd] yad&lqUnjh] jke&x:M+]jke&fnokdj xxuk.kZo] lSU;&lkxj] lSU;lfjrk]j.klfjrk jkepØ rFkk jkeo`{kA jkek;.k esa buo.kZuksa ls eu%fLFkfr vkSj ifjfLFkfr dk lE;d~izdk'ku gqvk gS vkSj :id dh lkFkZdrk fl)gqbZ gS] rFkkfi okYehfd miek ds iz;ksx esa vfèkdlQy jgs gSaA

lanHkZ lzksr &1- miek dkfynklL; & MkW- 'kf'kHkw"k.k nkl xqIr]

i`0 1812- miek dkfynklL;A3- vyadkj f'kjksjRua loZLoa dkO;lEine~A

miek dfooa'kL; Hkkosrsfr efrHkZeAA dkO;ehekalk4- miek dkfynklL;* MkW- 'kf'kHkw"k.k nkl xqIr]

i`- 1815- miek dkfynklL;A6- vyadkj f'kjksjRua loZLoa dkO;lEine~A7- miek dfooa'kL; Hkkrsosfr efrHkZeAA dkO;ehekalk8- ok0jk0 5@15] 17 lxZ9- ok0jk0 5@114@3&2710- ok0jk0 5@19&2211- ok0jk0 5@15] 24] 3912- ok0jk0 5@17@3] 20&23] 26 lxZ13- ok0jk0 5@21] 2414- ok0jk0 5@15@3015- ok0jk0 5@15@3816- ok0jk0 2@85@99

MeesOe meejebMe

ceefnueeDeeW ceW celeoelee peeie™keâlee(jerJee veiej kesâ efJeMes<e meboYe& ceW)

[e@. ieeÙe$eer efceßee* mebpeueer ieghlee**

[ 94 ]

fuokZpu izfØ;k dbZ pj.kksa dks lekfgr djrh gS] ftldk izR;{k ,oa ijks{k:i ls izHkko fuokZpu ifj.kkeksa esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA fokZpu izfØ;k dk lEcU/k ernkrkvksa ds Kku]n`f"Vdks.k ,oa O;ogkj ls tqM+k gksrk gS] ftldk fo'kq)ifj.kke pqukkoksa esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA vkt dh jktuSfrd izfØ;k dk ;glcls xEHkhj fcUnq gS] ftlds ek/;e dls lÙkk dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA Hkkjr dsfoxr fofHkUu lalnh; ,oa fo/kkulHkkbZ fuokzpuksa dks ;fn ckjhdh ls ns[kk tk;rks ukxfjd Hkkxhnkjh dh xfr ,oa izo`fÙk cnyrh jgh] ftlesa efgyk,a Hkh 'kkfeygSaA bl cnyrh fopkj/kkjk ls izHkkfor gksdj ernkrkvksa esa ljdkjksa dk fuekZ.kfd;k gSA ftlls lÙkk esa ifjorZu izR;{k :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA Hkkjr esa pqukovk;ksx }kjk dsUnzrFkk jkT; ds pquko lEiUu djk;s tkrs gSaA vr% vk;ksx dh ;eU'kk gksrh gS fd gj oxZ ds ernkrkvksa esa tkx:drk rFkk fHkKrk iSnk gks]D;ksafd blds vHkko esa dbZ leL;k,a pquko ?kks"k.kk ds iwoZ] pquko ds le; ,oapquko ds mijkar mRiUu gksrh gSA vr% ernkrkvksa dk tkx:d gksuk pqukoizfØ;k ds O;kid fgr esa gksxkA bl Hkkouk ls iszfjr gksdj bl 'kks/k&i= dsfo"k; dk p;u êfgykvksa esa ernkrk tkx:drk] jhok uxj ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa**v/;;u ds fy;s lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA

* ØeeOÙeehekeâ (jepeveerefle efJe%eeve), MeemekeâerÙe "ekegâj jCecele eEmen ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

** Sce.S., Sce.efheâue., jepeveerefle efJe%eeve, MeemekeâerÙe "ekegâj jCecele eEmen efJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

ernkrkvksa ls lEcfU/kr izkjfEHkd rF;ksa dkifjp; izzkIr djus ds mijkUr v/;;u fo"k; lslEcfU/kr nwljk egRoiw.kZ ijh{k.k ;ksX; i{k ;gik;k x;k fd ernku dh izfØ;k ds iwoZmÙkjnkrkvksa ds fofHkUu pj.kksa dh tkudkjh dk

vk/kkj D;k jgk \ bl iz'u dk mÙkj bl v/;;u esa tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA ftlsfofHkuu laf{kIr mi[k.Mksa esa foHkkftr dj vè;;ufd;k x;k gSA

SH

O

DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



ernkrk lwph dh rS;kjh&fuokZpu izfØ;k esa ernkrk lwph dk fo'ks"k

egRo gksrk gSA pquko vk;ksx ds }kjk yksdlHkkvFkok fo/kkulHkk ds izR;sd pquko ;k e/;kof/kpquko ds iwoZ ernkrk lwfp;k¡ rS;kj djok;htkrh gSaA bl dk;Z ds lEiUu gksus ds i'pkr~ ghpquko lEiUu djk;s tkrs gSaA ,d fuf'pr frfFkdks ftu O;fDr;ksa us 18 o"kZ viuh vk;q iw.kZ djyh gS] mu lhkh O;fDr;ksa ds uke ernkrk lwph esa'kkfey fd;s tkrs gSa] fdUrq tks O;fDr ikxyvFkok fnokfy;k gks mlds fy, ;g ykxw ughagksrk gSA ernkrklwph rS;kj djkus dk izeq[kmn~ns'; ;g gksrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh ,slk O;fDrerkf/kdkj ls oafpr u jgs] tks erkf/kdkj dh;ksX;rk j[krk gSA ernkrk lwph rS;kj djuk,d egRoiw.kZ o dfBu dk;Z gksrk gSA blesafujUrj la'kks/ku Hkh gksrs jgrs gSaA la'kks/ku dsvurxZr lHkh o;Ld iq#"kksa ,oa efgykvksa dsuke ernkrk lwph esa tksM+ tkrs gSA lkFk gh ,slsO;fDr tks e`rd gks pqds gSa ;k mls {ks= klsiykf;r gksdj vU;= pys x;s gksa] mudk ukeernkrk lwph ls dkV fn;k tkrk gSA ernkrklwph fuekZ.k dk dk;Z] pquko gksus ds dbZ eghusiwoZ 'kq: gks tkrk gSA jhok uxj dh efgykvksa esaernkrk lwph dh rS;kjh dh tkx:drkfuEufyf[kr lacaf/kr mi[k.Mksa ds ek/;e ls tkuhtk ldrh gS&

1- ernkrk lwph esa iath;u & ernkrk lwphfuekZ.k dk;Z gksus ij ernkrk bl ckr ls tkx:dgks tkrk gS fd mldk ,oa mlds ifjokj dk ukeernkrk lwph esa tksM+k tk;A ;g ernkrkvksa dstkx:drk dk izrhdgSA lkekU; :i ls ftuefgykvksa dk uke bl lwph esa ugha gksrk muds

lEcU/k esa ;g dgk tkrk gS fd os erkf/kdkj dsizfr ltx ugha gSaA izLrqr 'kks/k&i= esa ;g ik;kx;k fd lHkh mÙkjnkrkvksa ds uke ernkrk lwphesantZ gSa] ftlls v/;;u lewg dks ltx ernkrkdk ntkZ fn;k tk ldrk gSAernkrk lwph esauke u gksus ds rF; dh tkudkjh] ernkrkvksadks dSls gqbZ \ ;g ,d fo'ys".k dk fo"k; cukAernkrk lwph esa uke gksus dh tkudkjh ernkrkvksadks ftu fofHkUu lzksrksa ls izkIr gqbZ] og fuEurkfydk ls Li"V gS %&

rkfydk Øekad 1ernkrk lwph esa uke gksus dh tkudkjh dk lzksr

Ø- fofHkUu lzksr la[;k izfr'kr

1 iM+kslh ls 08 16%

2 izR;kf'k;ksa ls 11 22%

3 pquko ,tsUVksa ls 07 14%

4 Lor% 04 8%

5 ifjokj ds lnL;ks ls 20 40%

;ksx 50 100%

rkfydk Øekad 1 ls Li"V gksrk gS fd 40izfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa dks vius gh ifjokj dslnL;ksa ls] muds ernkrk lwph esa uke gksus dhtkudkjh izkIr gqbZA nwljh vksj 22 izfr'krmÙkjnkrkvksa dks] muds ernkrk lwph esa ukegksus dh tkudkjh izR;kf'k;ksa ds ek/;e ls gqbZA'ks"k 16 izfr'kr tkudkjh ernkrkvksa dks iM+ksfl;ksals izkIr gqbZ rFkk 14 izfr'kr ,oa 8 izfr'krtkudkjh mÙkjnkrkvksa dks Øe'k% pquko ,tsUVksao Lor% ls izkIr gqbZA bl rkfydk ls ;g ckrLi"V gS fd vf/kdka'k efgykvksa dks ernkrk lwphesa uke gksus dh tkudkjh] vius gh ifjokj dslnL;ksa ls gqbZA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd efgyk,a


vius /kj esa T;knk le; rd jgrh gSa] ftllsmudk lh/kh lEcU/k pquko izR;kf'k;ksa] ,tsUVksa

vFkok vU; ls ugha gks ikrkA ;g lEcU/k lh/ksmuds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ls gh gksrk gSA ftlls

;g vfHker vf/kdka'k mÙkjnkrkvksa dks vius ifjokj

ls feyhA tks efgyk;sa vius x`g dk;Z ds vykokvU; xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkh #fp ysrh gSa] os vfrfjDr

le; esa ?kj ls ckgj fudyrh gSaA ftlds dkj.k

mudk lEcU/k vU; yksxksa ls Hkh gks ikrk gSA ;ghdkj.k gS fd vU; lzksrksa dh rqyuk esa mÙkjnkrkvksa

dks vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa }kjk gh vf/kdka'kr%

;g tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA blds lkFk ghizR;k'kh Hkh ernkrk lwph ds ek/;e ls] ernkrkvksa

ls feyus dk leqfpr vk/kkj cukrs gSaA vr%

ernkrkvksa dks ;g fo'okl jgrk gS fd pquko dsle; bl lEcU/k esa mUgsa vo'; tkudkjh izkIr

gksxhA fdUrq ;g ,d xEHkhj leL;k rc cu

tkrh gS tc ernkrk dk uke ernkrk lwph esaugha gksrk vkSj bl le; rd dkQh foyEc gks

pqdk gksrk gSA

ernkrk lwph fo"k;d rF;ksa dk laxzfgrdjus ls ;g Kkr gqvk fd 90 izfr'kr efgykvksa

ds uke ernkrk lwph esa igys ls gh tqM+k jgkA

dsoy 10 izfr'kr efgyk,a ,slh feyh ftUgsa viukuke tqM+okys ds fy, iz;kl djuk iM+kA

2- ernkrk lwph fuekZ.k izfØ;k dhtkudkjh &ernkrk lwph fuekZ.k izfØ;k dh tkudkjh

ds lEcU/k esa 64 izfr'kr efgykvksa us viusldkjkRed mÙkj fn;s fdUrq 36 izfr'kr efgyk,ablds ckjs esa vufHkKrk tkfgj dh] tks fuEurkfydk ls Li"V gS &

rkfydk Øekad & 2

Ø- ernku lwph ds

fuekZ.k dh tkudkjh

l a[;k izfr'kr

1 ldkjkRed mÙkj 32 64%

2 udkjkRed mÙkj 18 36%

;ksx 50 100%

ernkrk lwph ds uke tqM+okus dh izfØ;kdh tkudkjh ls lEcU/k esa ;g Kkr gqvk fd 60izfr'kr efgykvksa dks bl izfØ;k dh tkudkjhjgh] tcfd 40 izfr'kr efgykvksa dks bldhtkudkjh ugha FkhA fuf'pr :i ls bu 40 izfr'krefgykvksa dk uke izfØ;k ds rgr] muds ifjokjds lnL;ksa us tqM+ok;k gksxkA 40 izfr'kr efgykvksaus lwph izdk'ku dh tkudkjh dk gksuk crk;k]tcfd 60 izfr'kr efgyk,a blds ckjs esa vufHkKrktkfgj dhA

ernkrk lwph dh =qfV;ksa ds lEcU/k esa ;gtkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k fd lwph esa ,d ghO;fDr ds dbZ ckj uke gksrs gSa] rks bl ckor 80izfr'kr mÙkj udkjkRed izkIr gq;s tcfd 20izfr'kr mÙkj ldkjkRedA ftldk ;g vk'klfudyrk gS fd ernkrk lwph dh fo'oluh;rkds izfr mÙkjnkrkvksa dk ,d er ugha gSA ;gkard fd e`rd O;fDr dk uke Hkh ernkrk lwphesa cuk jgrk gS] mls la'kksf/kr ugha fd;k tkrkgSA ;g rF; 100 izfr'kr efgykvksa us Lohdkjfd;kA ftlls Li"V gksrk gS fd ernkrk lwphdk fuekZ.k lko/kkuh iwoZd ,oa fujUrj ugha gksrk],d lwph dk iz;ksx dbZ fuokZpuksa rd gksrkjgrk gSA

lk{kkRdkj ds le; mÙkjnkrkvksa ls ;g Hkhik;k x;k fd ernkrk lwph esa vo';ld O;fDr;ksadk uke Hkh tqM+k gksrk gS] bl ckr dks lHkh


efgykvksa us Lohdkj fd;kA ;g rF; ernkrklwph ds oS/kkfudrk ij iz'u fpUg yxkrk gSAnwljh vksj o;Ld ernkrkvksa dk uke ernkrklwph esa ugha gksrkA fuokZpu izfØ;k es ernkrklwph ds egRo dks 100 izfr'kr efgykvksa usLohdkj fd;k gSA lkFk gh ernkrk lwph dksernku ds fy;s fu.kkz;d ekuk gSA

bl izdkj ernkrk lwph ds lEcU/k esa izkIrmÙkjksa ls ;g lgt fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd lwphesa O;kid folaxfr;k¡ jghrh gSa] ftls lq/kkjuklQy fuokzpuksa ds fy, vfrvko';d gS] tksmisf{kr gSA

ernku dsUnz dh LFkkiuk &ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk gsrq pquko vf/

kdkjh fu;qDr fd;s tkrs gSaA ;g pquko vf/kdkjhvius lg;ksxh vU; 'kkldh; deZpkfj;ksa ds ek/;e ls] pquko lEcu/kh lkjh O;oLFkk iw.kZ djrsgSaA bl O;oLFkk ds fy, ,d eq[; ihBk'khu vf/kdkjh ,oa vU; lgk;d 2 ls 4 rd vf/kdkjhfu;qDr gksrs gSa] tks ernku dks lQyrk iwoZdlEiUu djkrs gSaA ernku dsUnz dh nwjh ds fy,;g O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS fd 2 fdyks ehVj ls denwjh ds chp ernku dsUnz cuk;s tk;a vFkkZr~ nksutnhdh ernku dsUnzksa ds chp dh nwjh 2 fdyksehVj ls de gksuh pkfg,A

1- ernku dsUnzksa dh fLFkfr & ernkudsUnz cukrs le; dqN ewy&Hkwr lqfo/kkvksa dksvko';d :i ls ns[kk tkrk gSA ftlesa ;gfo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tkrk gS fd ¼1½ cuk;s tkusokys ernku dsUnz esa i;kZIr tg gS ;k ugha ¼2½Hkou lkoZtfud :i ls mi;ksx djus ;ksX; gS;k ughaA ernku dsUnzksa ij 'kkfUr O;oLFkk dk;ej[kus gsrq iqfyl cy Hkh rSukr fd;s tkrs gSaAlqfo/kk dh n`f"V ls jhok uxj esa okMZ ds vuqlkjernku dsUnz cuk;s tkrs gSaA okMZ esa mifLFkr

tula[;k ds vk/kkj ij 2 vFkok 3 ernku dsUnzgks ldrs gSaA

ernku izfØ;k dh tkudkjh ds lkFk nwljktqM+k gqvk igyw ernku dsUnz dh fLFkfr] fuekZ.k]nwjh vkfn gSA ftlds lEcU/k esa mÙkjnkrkvksa lstkudkjh izkIr dh xbZA muls izkIr vfHkerfuEu rkfydk ls Li"V gS &

rkfydk Øekad 3Ø- ernkrk lwph ds

fuekZ.k dh tkudkjh

la[;k i zfr'kr

1 ldkjkRed mÙkj 32 64%

2 udkjkRed mÙkj 18 36%

;k sx 50 100%

rkfydk ls ;g Li"V gS fd 90 izfr'krmÙkjnkrk ;g Lohdkj djrs gSa fd ernku dsUnz'kkldh; Hkou gksrs gSa tcfd vU; vLFkkbZ dsUnzrFkk v'kkldh; Hkouksa dh la[;k dkQhde gksrh gS] ftudk izfr'kr Øe'k% 6 rFkk 4gksrk gSA

2- ernku dsUnzksa dh tudkjh dk lzksr &bu ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk dh ?kks"k.kk pqukoiwoZ dh tkrh gS] ftldk Øekad Hkh vkoafVrfd;k tkrk gSA bu dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk dh tkudkjhckor~ lzksrksa ds lEcU/k esa mÙkjnkrkvksa }kjk izkIrtkudkjh dks fuEu frkfydk esa iznf'kZr fd;kx;k gS&

rkfydk Øekad 4

Ø- ernku dsUnzksa dh

tkudkjh ds lzksr

la[;k izfr'kr

1 iM+kslh ls 12 24%

2 lekpkj i= 09 18%

3 jktuSfrd nyksa ds dk;ZdrkZ 29 58%

;ksx 50 100%


mi;qZDr rkfydk ls ;g Li"V gS fd 58izfr'kr ernkrkvksa dks muds erku dsUnzksa dhtkudkjh jktuSfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa ls feyhA blls;g izekf.kr gksrk gS fd ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiukdh tkudkjh esa jktuSfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa dh Hkwfedkvf/kd gksrh gSA iM+ksl ,oa lekpkj i=ksa ds }kjkernkrkvksa dks vius ernku dsUnzksa dh tkudkjhdk izfr'kr Øe'k% 12 ,oa 9 gSA ftlls ;g ckrmn~?kkfVr gksrh gS fd ernku dsUnzksa dh tkudkjhesa iM+kslh dh Hkh ljkguh; Hkwfedk gksrh gSA

,d Hkou esa dbZ ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiukds lEcU/k esa iwNs tkus ij 80 izfr'kr efgykvksaus bl ckr dk leFkZu fd;k] tcfd 'ks"k 20izfr'kr efgyk,a bl ckr ls bUdkj fd;kA ,dHkou esa dbZ ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk dk fojks/k izeq[k :i ls 'kkfUr] vO;oLFkk] lqpk: ernkurFkk ernkrkvksa dh vlqfo/kk dks /;ku esa j[kdj js[kkafdr fd;k x;kA ,d ls vf/kd ernkudsUnzksa dks ,d gh Hkou esa dsfUnzr djus esa vkfFkZdO;;] iqfyl cy dh miyC/krk rFkk iz'kklfudlg;ksx dh n`f"V ls leFkZu fn;k x;kA

3- ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk fo"k;dvfHker&;g tkuus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k fdmÙkjnkrkvksa dh nf"V esa ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiukdk mfpr LFky D;k gksuk pkfg, \ ftl ij 86izfr'kr ernkrkvksa us 'kkldh; LFky dk leFkZufd;k] tks fuEu rkfydk ls Li"V gS &

rkfydk Øekad 5

Ø- ernkrkvksa }kjk

izkIr vfHker

la[;k izfr'kr

1 'kkldh; Hkou 43 86%

2 v'kkldh; Hkou 02 04%

3 vLFkkbZ fufeZr dsUnz 05 10%

;ksx 50 100%

mDr rkfydk ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd vf/kla[; mÙkjnkrk 'kkldh; Hkouksa esa ernku dsUnzksadh LFkkiuk dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA v'kkldh;Hkou ,oa vLFkkbZ fufeZr ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiukdh lEHkkoukvksa dks vLohdkj ugha fd;k] tslkfd O;ogkj esa ns[kk tkrk gSA

ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk ernkrkvksa dsvkokl ls vf/kd nwjh ij u gks] bl ckr dklHkh mÙkjnkrkvksa us leFkZu fd;kA 64 izfr'krmÙkjnkrkvksa us vk/kk fdyks ehVj nwjh mi;qZDrekuk] tcfd 36 izfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us bl nwjhdks ,d fdyksehVj rd mfpr Bgjk;kA mi;qZDrrF;ksa ls ;g ckr Lor% Li"V gks tkrh gS fd ,dfdyks ehVj dh ifjf/k esa gh lEcfU/kr {kss= dsernkrkvksa dks ernku gsrq tkus dk izcU/k gksukpkfg,A ;g nwjh lhek ls vf/kd gksus ij ernkuizHkkfor gksrk gSA

ernku Hkouksa dh fLFkfr ij lHkh mÙkjnkrkvksaus dM+h vkifÙk ntZ fd;kA izk;% os lHkh 'kkldh;Hkou tks ernku dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk ds fy,p;fur fd;s tkrs gSa] muesa izdk'k] ernkrkvksads fy, izrh{kky; ,oa ernku dh xksiuh;rkvkfn dk mfpr izcU/k ugha gksrk gSA blds lkFkvf/kdka'k mÙkjnkrkvksa us pquko dk;ZØe esa yxsdeZpkfj;ksa ds O;ogkj ds izfr vlarks"k O;Drfd;kA fuf'pr ;i ls bu nksuksa gh leL;kvksa dsizfr Hkkoh pquko uhfr fuekZ.k esa fopkj djukU;k;ksfpr gksxkA

ernku dsUnzksa ij jktuSfrd nyksa dsvfHkdrkZvksa dh mifLFkfr ds leCU/k esa 100 izfr'krefgykvksa us vius ldkjkRed mÙkj fn;sA

ernku vkpj.k ckor~ mÙkjnkrkvksa dhizfrfØ;k tkuus ij lHkh us ,d er ls nwljs dsuke ij ernku djuk vijk/k ekukA blh rjg


ls vlkekftd rFoksa }kjk ernku dsUnzksa ijdCtk djus dh ckr dh 96 izfr'kr ernkrkvksaus Lohdkj fd;kA tcfd 'ks'k 4 izfr'kr efgykvksaus bl ckr ls vufHkKrk trk;hA

bl izdkj la{ksi esa ernku dsUnz ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu i{kksa ij tkudkfj;ksa dks laxzfgr dj'kks/k i= esa izLrqr fd;k gSA

pquko dk;ZØe dh ?kks"k.kk %&fuokZpu izfØ;k dk izkjEHk yksdlHkk@fo/

kkulHkk ;k vU; pqukoksa ds lEcU/k esa jk"Vªifr}kjk tkjh dh xbZ vf/klwpuk ls gksrk gSA ;glwpuk ^^tu izfrfuf/kRo vf/kfu;e] 1951** dh14oha /kkjk ds vUrxZr tkjh dh tkrh gSA blsyksdlHkk@fo/kkulHkk dh vof/k lekfIr ;k e/;kof/k pquko gksus dh fLFkfr esa tkjh fd;k tkrkgSA bl vf/klwpuk ds tkjh gksus ds i'pkr~pquko vk;ksx ernku dh frfFk vkSj rRlEcU/khleLr dk;ZØe dh ?kks"k.kk djrk gSA bl ?kks"k.kkesa uketnxh i= Hkjus dh vfUre frfFk] pqukola?k"kZ ls uke okil ysus dh vfUre frfFk rFkkernku dh frfFk vkfn dk mYys[k gksrk gSApquko dk;ZØe dh ?kks"k.kk ds ckn mEehnokjvkSj 'kklu lHkh vkSipkfjd :i ls pquko dhrS;kjh essa tqV tkrs gSaA

pquko dk;ZØe ds lEcU/k esa mÙkjnkrkvksa lsiwNs tkus ij tks vfHker izkIr gq,] muesa dbZrF; lkeus vkrs gSaA yksdlHkk o fo/kku lHkkvksads pquko ,d lkFk djkus ij] 70 izfr'krmÙkjnkrkvksa us dfBukbZ ckr;h] fdUrq 30 izfr'krmÙkjnkrkvksa us bls mfpr crk;kA

pquko ?kks"k.kk i= ds egRo ij izkIr vfHkerls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd 100 izfr'kr efgykvksadks izyksfHkr djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA

fuokZpu ds lQy lapkyu esa iqfyl cy dhdeh dks 90 izfr'kr efgykvksa us eglwl fd;k]tcfd 10 izfr'kr efgykvksa us iqfyl cy dsegRo dks xEHkhjrk iwoZd ugha fy;kA pquko dsvkfFkZd dkjdksa ij izfrfØ;k O;Dr djrs gq,100 izfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd fuokZpuksaesa dkys /ku dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA pquko esa /kujkf'k ds fu/kkZj.k ckor~ 88 izfr'kr efgykvksaus bl ckr dk leFkZu fd;k] tcfd 12 izfr'krefgykvksa us udkjkRed mÙkj fn;sA

ukekadu &ipkZ nkf[ky djuk & pquko vk;ksx }kjk

tSls gh pquko dk;ZØe dh ?kks"k.kk dh tkrh gS]oSls gh ns'k dh jktuhfrd xfrfof/k;ka rhoz gkstrh gSA pquko yM+us ds fy, mEehnokj dkspquko vk;ksx }kjk fu;qDr fuokZpu vf/kdkjhle{k Lo;a ;k vius ,tsUV ds ek/;e ls ukeadui= izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA ukekadu i= esa izR;sdmEehnokj dks lafo/kku ¼16oka laoS/kkfud la'kks/ku] 1963½ }kjk fu/kkZfjr ;g 'kiFk ysuh gkrh gSfd ^êSa lao/kku ds ifr fu"Bk j[kw¡xk vkSj Hkkjrdh v[k.Mrk rFkk izHkqlÙkk dks cuk;s j[kwaxk**Afdlh Hkh mEehnokj dks viuk ukekadu nf[kydjus ds fy,s ,sls nks ernkrkvksa }kjk izLrkforgksuk pkfg,] tks mlh fuokZpu {ks= dk ernkrkgksA

izR;sd mEehnokj dks pquko ds le; tekurjkf'k tek djuh gksrh gSA yksd lHkk pquko dsfy, tekur dh jkf'k 25000 #i;s vkSj fo/kkulHkk pquko ds fy, ;g jkf'k 10000 #i;s fu/kkZfjr gSA vuqlwfpr tkfr ,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfrds mEehnokjksa ds fy, ;g jkf'k lhek 12500#i;s fu/kkZfjr gSA


ukekadu i=ksa dh tkap vkSj QkeZokilh &

pquko vk;ksx }kjk fuf'pr fd;s x;s fnurd] lEcfU/kr pquko {ks= ds pquko vf/kdkjh}kjk lHkh ukekadu i=ksa dh tkap dh tkrh gSAlkekU;r;k bl dk;Z ds fy, ukekadu i= izLrqrdjus dh vfUre frfFk ds rqjUr ckn okyk fnufuf'pr fd;k tkrk gSA mEehnokj Lo;a ;kmldk ,tsUV bl fnu pquko vf/kdkjh ds le{kmifLFkr gksrs gSaA ukekadu i= viw.kZ gksus ;klEcfU/kr O;fDr ds blh vk/kkj ij] pquko yM+usds vk;ksx; ik;s tkus ij pquko vf/kdkjh }kjkukekadu i= jn~n dj fn;k tkrk gSA ftumEehnokjksa ds ukekadu i= oS/k ik;s x;s gSa]muesa ls ;fn dksbZ mEehnokj viuk uke okilysuk pkgs rks og fu/kkZfjr frfFk rd viuk ukeokil ys ldrk gSA

ukekadu ds lEcU/k esa ernkrkvksa dk tksvfHker izkIr izkIr gqvk] mls izLrqr djus dkiw.kZ iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA izLrkod ds uke oglrk{kj xyr gksrs gSa] bl iz'u ds mÙkj esa lHkhefgykvksa us viuk ldkjkRed mÙkj fn;k] blhizdkj ukekadu i= izLrqr djus esa lekt dsvljnkj yksx detksj O;fDr ij ncko MkyrsgSa] bl ckr dks 90 izfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us Lohdkjfd;kA nwljh vksj mÙkjnkrkvksa dh n`f"V esa 96izfr'kr v;ksX; O;fDr pquko dk;Z esa Hkkx ysrsgSaA ukekadu izLrqr djrs le; izk;% ;g ns[kusdks feyrk gS fd izR;klh viuk ukekadu i=,d ls vf/kd fuokZpu {ks=ksa ls izlrqr djrs gSa]bls 98 izfr'ke efgykvksa us vuqfpr ekuk] tcfd02 izfr'kr efgykvksa us bl ckr dks mudkjktuSfrd vf/kdkj crk;kA mDr rF; ls ;gLi'V gksrk gS fd dksbZ ,d izR;klh] ,d ls

vfèkd LFkkuksa ls fuokZfpr gks tkrk gSA mlifjfLFkfr esa mls ,d gh LFkku ls izfrfuf/kRodjus dh ik=rk gksrh gSA fjDr gbZ lhV dkiqu% fuokZpu djkuk iM+rk gS] ftlesa /ku vkSjle; nksuksa dh gkfu gksrh gSA lkFk gh,d nwljkO;fDr viuk vkSlj [kks nsrk gSA vr% ;g rF;fopkj.kh; gSA

pquko izpkj &pquko izpkj ds lEcU/kesa jk"Vªifr }kjk 19

tuojh 1992 dks tkjh fd;s x;s v/;kns'k dsvk/kkj ij yksd lHkk @ fo/kku lHkk pqukoksa esapquko ipkj dh U;wure vof/k 20 fnu ls ?kVkdj14 fnu dj nh xbZ gSA fuokZfpr gksus ds fy,izR;sd mEehnokj vkSj mldk jktuSfrd nyvf/kd ls vf/kd ernkrkvksa ls lEidz LFkkfirdjus vkSj mudk leFkZu izkir djus dh ps"Vkdjrk gSA vius bl dk;ZØe ds fy, jktuSfrdny ^^pquko ?kks"k.kk i=** tkjh djrs gSa] ftlesajktuSfrd ny jktuhfrd] lkekftd] vkfFkZdvkSj vU; {ks=ksa esa viuh uhfr;ksa rFkk dk;ZØeksadks Li"V djrs gSaA orZeku le; esa ekU;rk izkIrjktuSfrd nyksa dks viusfopkj turk ds lkeusizLrqr djus vius ernkrkvksa ls vihy djus dsfy, vkdk'kok.kh rFkk nwjn'kZu ij fuf'pr le;fn;k tkrk gSA

jktuSfrd ny vkSj mEehnokj ernkrkvksadks izHkkfor djdus ds fy, vU; vusd mik;ksadk lgkjk ysrs gSa ftlesa izeq[k ;i ls iksLVj]ernkrkvksa ds uke vihy] tqywl rFkk jSfy;kafudkyuk vkSj vke lHkkvksa dk vk;kstu djukvkfn 'kkfey gSA dkuwu ds vuqlkj ernku dhfrfFk ds 48 ?k.Vs ds iwoZ ls lkoZtfudizpkj&izlkj] ukjsckth] tqywl rFkk vke lHkk;sa


vkfn cUn gks tkrh gSaA fdlh Hkh mEehnokj}kjk bl fu;e dk mYya?ku fd;s tkus ijpquko vk;ksx vko';d dk;Zokgh djrk gSAlkoZtufd izpkj cUn gks tkus dh vof/k esaernkrkvksa ls O;fDrxr lEidZ LFkkfir djusdh izfØ;k tkjh jgrh gSA pquko izpkj ds lEcUèkesa mÙkjnkrkvksa ds tks vfHker izkIr gSa] mUgsaizLrqr fd;k x;k gSA

pquko izpkj esa tkfrokn ds lEcU/k esa iz'uiwNs tkus ij] 70 izfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa usldkjkRed mÙkj fn;s tcfd 30 izfr'kr mÙkjnkrkblds izfr viuk udkjkRed mÙkj fn;s A pqukoizpkj esa vf/kd /ku [kpZ djus ds mÙkj esa 80izfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us bl ckr dks Lohdkjfd;k] tcfd 20 izfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us bldsizfr vufHkKrk n'kkZ;hA

fu"d"kZr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fdyksdlHkk@fo/kkulHkk pqukoksa esa eq[; :i lsefgykvksa esa tkx:rk c<+kus ds fy, efgykvksadks c<+&p<+dj pqukoh izfØ;k esa Hkkx ysuk pkfg,ftlls lekt ds vf/kd ls vf/kd ernku ds

izfr efgyk,aa tkx:d gkas] ftlls fuokZpu dstfj;s vPNh ljdkjsa cu ldsa vkSj ns'k dh rjDdhesa viuk ;ksxnku ns ldsaa A

lanHkZ lzksr &1- eq[kthZ] johunzukFk % lkekftd 'kks/k o lkaf[;dh*]

jatu izdk'ku 1986] ubZ fnYyh2- oekZ] jkelqtku % fuekZ.k dk;Z esa yxs etnwjksa esa

ernkrk tkx:drk jhok uxj ds fo'ks"k lanHkZesa] vizdkf'kr ,e-fiy- y?kq'kks/k izcU/k 1995]vo/ks'k izrki flag fo'ofo|ky;] jhok

3- flag] ,l-Mh- % oSKkfud lkekftd vuqla/kku,oa losZ{k.k ds ewy rRo] dey izdk'ku bUnkSj]1988

4- JokLro] e/kwfjdk % ^jhok uj ds Nk=&Nk=kvksaesa ernkrk tkx:drk** vizdkf'kr y?kq'kks/kizcU/k 1995] vo/ks'k izrki flag fo'ofo|ky;jhok

5- nSfud tkxj.k lekpkj i=6- vkdk'kok.kh dsUnznhok ls ilkfjr Vsi okrkZ ^^,

vkdk'kok.k gS** izlkj.k fnukad 23-03-937- ftyk lkaf[;dh; iqLrd] ftyk jhok[ 19838- nSfud HkkLdj lekpkj i=

ieesmJeeceer leguemeeroeme keâer Âef° ceW ßeerjece [e@. Jeeuceerefkeâ Øemeeo efceße

[ 102 ]

* ØeeOÙeehekeâ SJeb efJeYeeieeOÙe#e (mebmke=âle-Jeso), MeemekeâerÙe JeWkeâš mebmke=âle ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

;qx izorZd xksLokeh rqylhnkl th Hkkjrh;lekt ds niZ.k ekus tkrs gSA vr% Jhjke dFkkds ek/;e ,oa izHkko ls xksLokeh rqylhnkl thtuekul esa loksZifj izfrf’Br gq,] muds fo’k;esa dgk x;k gS fd&rqylh rqylh lc dgSa] rqylh ou dh ?kklAgqbZ dìk tc jke dh] rks gks x;s rqylhnklAA

xksLokeh rqylh nkl th dh izeq[k jpukJhjkepfjr ekul gSA ftlesa izHkq Jhjke dkyksd&pfj= of.kZr gSA Jhjke Hkkjrh; lkLad`frdpsruk dh vkRek gSaA rqylh dk ekulizLkaxoSf”od] lkekftd] ikfjokfjd] /kkfeZd ,oalkaLd`frd e;kZnkvksa ls ifjiw.kZ gSA yksdekul esae;kZnk;ksa dks pfjrkFkZ djus ds dkj.k Jhjkeiq#’kks esa iq#’kksÙke gks x;sA rqylh ds HkfDrlkxjls pS=ekl ds “kqDyi{k dh ukSeh dks Hkxoku~Jhjke dk tc izkdV~; gqvk rks ml dky dkeuksje ,oa g`n;Li”khZ o.kZu djrs gq, Jh rqylhdgrs gSa&tksx yxu xzg ckj frfFk] ldy Hk;s vuqdwyApj v# vpj g’kZ;qr] jke tue lq[kewyAA1

ukSeh frfFk e/kq ekl iquhrkA“kqdy iPN vfHkftr gfj izhrkAAe/; fnol vfr lhr u ?kkekAikou dky yksd foJkekAA

lhry ean lqjfHk og ckÅAgjf’kr lqj laru eu pkÅAA

rqylh vius Jhjke ls ifjokj] lekt] iztk,oa lsuk esa uSfrd ewY;ksa dk iw.kZr% ifjikyudjkrs gSaA D;ksafd Jh rqylh ds Jhjke dk tUegh blh gsrq gqvk gSA rqylh Jhjke ds izkdV~;dk gsrq crkrs gq, dgrs gSa&foiz /ksuq lqj lUr fgr] yhUg euqt vorkjAfut bPNk fufeZr ruq ] ek;k xqu xks ikjAA2

iq=&izse ls foºoy egkjkt n”kjFk Jhjkeds ouxeu ds volj ij f”ko ls izkFkZuk djrsgSa fd&rqe izsjd lc ds gn;] lks efr jkefg nsgqAopu eksj rft jgfga ?kj] ifjgfj lhyq lusgqAA3

fdUrq rqylh ds Jhjke vius firk dheu%fLFkfr dk vuqHko djrs gq, Hkh j?kqdqy dsopu/keZ dh e;kZnk dk ikyu Lo;a dj viusfirk ls Hkh djok;kA lalkj ds dY;k.k gsrqJhjke lexz jkT;oSHko] ek;k] eerk ,oa eksgvkfn dk ifjR;kx dj ouxeu fd;kA **ukukiqjk.k fuxekxe lEer**3 Jhjkepfjrekul dkizkjEHk xq# oanuk] lTtu&vlTtu ds mRizsjdizlaxks ls gksrk gSA laiw.kZ gksrs gq, yksd&yhyk dsvUrj lexzn`f’V dk lapkj Jhjke ds vn~HkqrizkdV~;] cky”kqyHk yhykvksa ls gksrk fn[kkbZ

SH

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DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



nsrk gSA Jhjke jko.k ds e/; uSfrd&vuSfrdewY;ksa dks ysdj gh ;q} dh fLFkfr fufeZr gqbZAtgk¡ ,d rgQ vagdkjiwoZd e;kZnkvksa dk loZFkkifjR;kx ,oa nwljh rjQ e;kZnkvksa dk iw.kZr%ikyu vagdkjeqDr fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA Jhjke thdh dìk ls uSfrdrk ij vk/kkfjr rqylh }kjke;kZnkvksa dk ikyu y{e.k] lqxzho] tkeoUr]guqeku vkfn okujohjksa ls Hkh djk;k x;k gSA

Jhjke vkSj jko.k lR;&vlR; ds miy{k.kek= gSA tks le;≤ ij vusdksa #iksa esaifjofrZr gksrs jgrsa gSA Jhjke vagdkj dks feVkrsgSa rFkk jko.k vagdkj dk chtkjksi.k djrk gSAftlls lkalkfjd ek;k] eksg] Ny] Nn~e] r`’.kk]LokFkZ vkfn dk mn; gksrk gS( vkSj ;gh ekuoek= ds izeq[k “k=q gaSA ftudk mUewyu djukizHkq Jhjke dk y{; cu tkrk gSA ysfdu ekulesa O;kIr Hk; dk var djuk lkekU; tuksa] vj.;,oa oU;tkfr;ksa ds uSfrd lkgl dks tkx`r dj;q} dks tu;q} esa cnydj yksd dks fot;Jh lsvayd`r fd;kA

Hkkjrh; lekt esa laLd`frd psruk dhLFkkiuk djus gsrq lHkh lq[kksa dk ifjR;kx djJhjke }kjk rkil thou dks Js’B ekuk x;kAizHkq Jhjke dk nsoRo euq’;Ro dk loksZRre lksikugS] ßvkpkj% ijeksa /kekZ%Þ ds os Js’Bre mnkgj.kgSA jke gh rqylh ds vfHkO;fDr dkS”ky] rFkkdkO;&f”kYi gSA Jhjke ds czge ,oa fo’.kq #iksadks uj #i esa of.kZr djuk rqylh ds dkO;dkS”ky dk izek.k gSA

Hkkjrh; tuekul esa Jhjke ,d vkn”kZuk;d] iq=] HkkbZ] l[kk] Lokeh ,oa jktk ds #i esaizfrf’Br gq,A rqylh ds jke dk lexzthoudeZ&lkSan;Z ls vksrizksr gS] jkejkt dh ladYiukiztk ds ijLij izhfr dk jgk gS&

nSfgd nSfod HkkSfrd rkikAjke jkt dkgqfg ufg O;kikAAlck uj djfga ijLij izhfrApyfga Lo/keZ fujr Jqfr uhfrAAvYi e`R;q ufga dofuo ihjkAlc lqUnj lc fo#t ljhjkAA4

pkSng o’kZ ouokl ds mijkar jkT;kfHk’ksdds volj ij Jhjke dk ukxfjdks dh lHkk esa,d vknZ”k ?kks’k.kk dh xbZ fd&

tkSa vuhfr dNq Hkk’kkS HkkbZArkSa eksfg cjtgq Hk; foljkbZAA5

;gh iztkrkaf=d vkn”kZ “kklu&i)fr dsfy, vkSfpR;iw.kZ ?kks’k.kk ekU; dh xbZ gSA jkedh “kj.k esa tks tkrk gS mldk dY;k.k vo”;gksrk gSA foHkh’k.k jke dh dìk ls yads”k gkstkrs gSA rqylh dgrs gS fd&

Tkks lEifr f”ko jkoufga]nhfUg fn,a nl ekFkAAlksbZ lEink foHkh’kufga]ldqfp nhfUg j?kqukFkAA6

izHkq Jhjke fd”kksjkoLFkk esa gh xq# of”k’Bls f”k{kk izkIrdj ml f”k{kk dk iz;ksxfo”okfe= ds lkFk ;K dh j{kk djrs gq,_f’k&eqfu;ksa dks vHk;nku nsrs gq, jk{klksa dko/k fd;kA dfBu ifjfLFk;ksa esas Hkh Jhjke dhok.kh “kkyhurk dk ifjR;kx ugh djrh] vfirq“kj.kkxr dh j{kk djrh gSSA

rqylh ds jke vius ls vf/kd vius nkldks egRo nsrk gS& **jke rs vf/kd jke djnklk** os vius HkDrksa ds g`n; esa lnk fojktekujgrs gSaA dy;qx esa tgk¡ jke gSa ogha foJke gSAjke uke dk ti ,oa Hktu eqfDr iznku djrkgS&


jkepUnz ds Hktu fcuq ]tks pg in fuokZuAX;kuoUr vfi lks uj] Ik”kq fcuq iw¡N fo’kkuAA7

,slk ekuk tkrk gSaAHkkjrh; lekt esa fofHkUu laLdkjksa dk egRo

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dje iz/kku fo”o dfj jk[kkAtks tl djb lks rl Qy pk[kkAAdkgq u dksm lq[k nq%[k dj nkrkAfutd`r dje Hkksxq lcq HkzkrkAA10

rqylh jke uke dh efgek dk c[kku djrsgq, dgrs gSa fd&

dfy;qx tksx u tX; u KkukA,dq v/kkj jke xqu xkukAA11bruk gh ugha Jhjke rks vius “k=qvksa ds

izfr Hkh bl rjg mnkj gSa fd] nudh mnkjrkns[krs gh gh curh gSA yds”k jko.k dk o/kdjus ds i”pkr~ Jh jke ifjtuksa ds lEeq[kdgrs gSa&

JhjkedFkk ds ek/;e ls rqylhnkl ;gfl} djrs gS fd ifjokj jk’Vª dh ,d l”kDrbZdkbZ gSA ;fn ifjokj ekrk&firk] ifr&iRuh]HkkbZ&HkkbZ vkfn dk ijLij laca/k vkn”kZ gkstk, rks lekt Lor% lq/kj tk;sxkA **olq/kSodqVqEcdae~** dh Hkkouk izcy gks tk;sxh rks jk’Vªvius vki lq/kj tk;sxkA jk’Vª dY;k.kkFkZJhjkepfjr ekul dk izkdV~; Hkh j?kqukFkxkFkkds lkFk **LokUr% lq[kk;] cgqtufgrk;]cgqtulq[kk;** rFkk **losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% losZ larqfujke;k%** dh izcy Hkkouk ls gqvk gSA;qx&;qxkUrj ls Jhjke dFkk dh vfojy/kkjkfof”k’B dfo;ksa ds ek/;e ls vuojr izogekugSA Jhjke dh dìk ls vkfndfo egf’kZ okYehfddk jkek;.k rFkk rqylhnkl th dh ekul dksHkkjrh; lekt ds tuekul es loksZifj LFkkuizkIr gSA

fda djksfe \ Do xPNkfe \ dks es j{kkadfj’;fr \ dh osnuk d#.k gksdj tc iqdkjrhgS rc mlds lek/kku ds fy, Hkxoku Jhjke dhHkDrh dks mik; ds #i esa rqylhnkl th <w<+fudkyrs gSa] ftlesa “kfDrLo:ik txTtuuh ekrklhrk dk vn~Hkqr lEiqV gSA

yksddY;k.kkFkZ yksdekul esa lhrk&jke dksrqylh viuh jpuk esa izfrfBr fd;kA muds Jhjke vukfn vuUr vO;Dr vKkr fujkdkj gksrsgq, Hkh vf[kyczãk.M ds uk;d gSaA Jhjke dhlEiw.kZ fØ;kvksa esa yksddY;kk.k dh Hkkouk fufgrgSA Jh jke deZ;ksxh gSa muesa R;kx] ifo=rk]lR; ,oa riL;k vkfn ifo= Hkkoksa dk lqUnjleUo; gSA bl izdkj rqylh ds Jhjke vykSfddgksrs gq, Hkh ykSfdd gSaA Jhjke dh dFkk esafo”o&cU/kqRo dh Hkkouk ds lkFk fo”odY;k.kdk Hkko Hkh lfUufgr gSA bl izdkj ds vusd


fo”ks’krkvksa ds dkj.k vk/kqfud lUnHkZ esa Hkhrqylh ds Jhjke vf/kdkf/kd izklafxd gSaA

lUnHkZ1- jkepfjr ekul ck0dk0 nksgk 190 pkSikbZ 1&32- jkepfjr ekul dk0 2 nksgk 443- jkepfjr ekul dk0 1 nksgk 014- jkepfjr ekul ck0dk0 nksgk 192

5- jkepfjr ekul dk0 nksgk

6- jkepfjr ekul lq0dk0 nksgk 49 ¼[k½

7- jkepfjr ekul ya0dk0 nksgk 78 ¼d½

8- jkepfjr ekul ck0dk0 nksgk 77@3

9- jkepfjr ekul m0dk0 nksgk 43@7

10- jkepfjr ekul v0dk0 nksgk 219@4

11- jkepfjr ekul m0dk0 nksgk 103@5

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* ØeeÛeeÙe&/ØeeOÙeehekeâ (jepeveerefleMeem$e), MeemekeâerÙe ueeefnÌ[er ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, efÛejefcejer, efpeuee-keâesefjÙee (Ú.ie.)

** meneÙekeâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ (DeLe&Meem$e), MeemekeâerÙe ueeefnÌ[er ceneefJeÅeeÙe, efÛejefcejer, efpeuee-keâesefjÙee (Ú.ie.)

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ÚòeermeieÌ{ jepÙe Øeke=âefle keâer ieeso ceW yemee nesves kesâkeâejCe vewmeefie&keâ meewvoÙe& mes Yejhetj nw ØeeÛeerve meceüepÙeeW SJebjepÙees keâe kesâvõ efyevog nesves kesâ keâejCe Ùen jepÙe DehevesSsefleneefmekeâ oMe&veerÙe mLeuees mes heefjhetCe& nQ~ Oeeefce&keâ mecØeoeÙeeWkeâer Glheefòe SJeb ØeÛeej mLeueer nesves kesâ keâejCe ÙeneB DeveskeâOeeefce&keâ leerLe& mLeue nQ~ Keefvepe mebmeeOeveeW keâer ØeÛegjlee kesâkeâejCe jepÙe ceW Deveskeâ Øekeâej kesâ GÅeesieeW keâe efJekeâeme ngDeenQ~ jepÙe kesâ Deveskeâ veiej JeeefCeefpÙekeâ Deewj DeewÅeesefiekeâveiej kesâ ™he ceW efJekeâefmele ngS~ ÙeneB keâer meYÙelee, mebmke=âeflee

SH

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DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



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mevoYe&—1. heÙe&šve Yetieesue2. Ùeespevee3. ÚòeermeieÌ{ meeceevÙe %eeve4. ÚòeermeieÌ{ meeceevÙe %eeve5. meceeÛeej he$e heef$ekeâe

MeesOe meejebMe

YeJeve efveJesMe keâer ØeeÛeervelee Deewj cenòee [e@. jepesvõ Øemeeo ÛelegJexoer* [e@. ke=â<Cee efceßee**

[ 109 ]

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* ØeeOÙeehekeâ SJeb efJeYeeieeOÙe#e, MeemekeâerÙe "ekegâj jCecele eEmen (ojyeej) ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

** MeesOeeLeea, Sce.S., Sce.efheâue., heer-SÛe.[er. (mebmke=âle), MeemekeâerÙe "ekegâj jCecele eEmen (ojyeej) ceneefJeÅeeueÙe,jerJee (ce.Øe.)

SH

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DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



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Jewefokeâ ceb$eeW ceW Iej kesâ DeLe& keâes metefÛele keâjves Jeeuesie=n, DeeÙeleve, hemlÙee, Jeemleg ncÙe&, ogjesCe Deeefo DeveskeâMeyo GheueyOe nesles nQ pees ie=n keâer efJeefMe°lee keâes ue#Ùekeâj ØeÙegòeâ efkeâÙes ieÙes nQ~ ÛeejeW Deesj oerJeeueeW mes efIejs jnveskesâ keâejCe ‘DeeÙeleve’ keânueelee nw, ojJeepee nesves kesâ keâejCeGmes ‘ogjesCe’ kesâ veece mes hegkeâejles Les~ efveJeeme mLeeve kesâDeLe& ceW Jeemleg leLee hemlÙee keâe ØeÙeesie efkeâÙee peelee Lee~‘megJeemleg’ leLee ‘Jeemlees®heefle’ MeyoeW ceW Jeemleg Iej yeveeves kesâmLeeve keâes Yeer ueef#ele keâjlee nw pees Fme Meyo keâe keâeueevlejceW ie=nerle DeLe& nw~ Fve IejeW ceW Jewefokeâ DeeÙeeX kesâ kegâšgcyejnles Les Deewj jele kesâ meceÙe ieeÙeW leLee YesÌ[W Yeer jnleer LeeR~IejeW ceW yengle mes keâcejs ngDee keâjles Les, leLee Deeves-peeves kesâefueS ojJeepes (Éej) Yeer yeves jnles Les, efpevekesâ keâejCe Iejkeâer ner ‘ogjesCe’ meb%ee nesleer Leer~ DeeÙeeX kesâ jnves kesâ efvee|ceòeie=neW kesâ Deefleefjòeâ jepeeDeeW kesâ cenue, meYeer kesâ YeJeve SJebDeOÙeeheve keâeÙe& kesâ efueS DeeÛeeÙeeX kesâ heefj<eo kesâ YeJeveeW keâermJeleb$e efmLeefle leLee efJeefMe° jÛevee kesâ Åeeslekeâ Deveskeâ efveoxMeceb$eeW ceW heeÙes peeles nQ~

IejeW keâes yeveeves kesâ efueS yeeBme, efceóer, uekeâÌ[er-helLejDeewj hekesâ ngS FËš ØeOeeve meceeve Les~ DeLeJe&Jeso kesâ oesmetòeâeW22 ceW ie=n-efvecee&Ce keâer Øeef›eâÙee keâe JeCe&ve yeÌ[s efJemleejkesâ meeLe efkeâÙee ieÙee nw, hejvleg Fve cev$eeW ceW ØeÙegòeâ heeefjYeeef<ekeâMeyoeW keâer og%exÙelee kesâ keâejCe jÛevee-heæefle keâe ÙeLeeLe&efJeJesÛeve keâjvee keâef"ve Øeleerle neslee nw, leLeeefhe Jewefokeâ ie=neW

keâer efJeefMe°leeDeeW mes nce YeueerYeeBefle heefjefÛele nes peeles nQ~Jewefokeâkeâeueerve ie=neW keâer efJeefMe°lee Fme Øekeâej nw—

(1) Iej yeveeves kesâ efueS uekeâÌ[er kesâ KecYes (Gheefcele)ieeÌ[s peeles Les, efpeve hej meerOeer Ùee DeeÌ[er Lejves (ØeefleefceleDeewj heefjefcele) jKeer peeleer LeeR~ Fve OejveeW kesâ Thej keâe leueheeš efoÙee peelee Lee~ FvneR hej ‘De#eg’ jKee peelee Lee~yeeBme kesâ šgkeâÌ[s keâeškeâj Úepeve yeveeves keâe keâece efueÙeepeelee Lee~ Fve šgkeâÌ[eW kesâ Thej keâe Úle heeš efoÙee peeleeLee~ FvneR keâes ‘De#eg’ keâne peelee Lee~ De#eg kesâ (menœe-Ûe#eg) npeej DeeBKeeW Jeeuee keânves keâe DeefYeØeeÙe Ùener peeveheÌ[lee nw efkeâ FveceW yengle mes Úso Oetce Deeefo kesâ efvekeâueves kesâefueS ngDee keâjles Les~ Deepekeâue keâer Yee<ee ceW ‘De#eg’ keâesheešve keân mekeâles nQ~ Fvekesâ Thej Úepeve (Úefo:) kesâ efueS‘heueo’ leLee ‘le=Ce’ (Ieeme-hetbâme) jKes peeles Les~ FmekesâDevevlej hetjs "eš keâes lejn-lejn keâer jefmmeÙeeW mes yeeBOe efoÙeepeelee Lee efpemes ‘venve’,‘ØeeCeen’, ‘mebobMe’, ‘heefj<JeÀeuÙe’veeceeW mes hegkeâejles Les~ Fme Øekeâej kesâ IejeW ceW yeeBme DeewjIeeme-hetbâme ner keâe ØeÙeesie efkeâÙee peelee Lee; otmejs Øekeâej kesâIejeW ceW uekeâÌ[er keâe efJeMes<e GheÙeesie efkeâÙee peelee Lee~uekeâÌ[er kesâ cekeâeveeW ceW KecYeeW (mkeâvOe, mLeeCeg, mLetCee) keâeryenguelee Skeâ efJeefMe° Ûeerpe Leer~ Jewefokeâ keâeue ceW jepecenueeWceW npeej KecYes lekeâ nesles Les, leLee Fleves efJeMeeue Øeemeeo ceWDeeves-peeves kesâ efueS npeej ojJeepes lekeâ yeveeÙes peeles Les~efceóer kesâ ie=n (ce=CÙeÙeb ie=nced) Yeer yeveeÙes peeles, leLee helLejeWDeewj FËšeW keâe Yeer GheÙeesie keâj Jewefokeâ DeeÙe& ueesie efJeefJeOeDeekeâej kesâ uecyes-ÛeewÌ[s cekeâeve yeveeves ceW keâYeer veneR ÛetkeâlesLes~

Jewefokeâ IejeW ceW DeeJeMÙekeâleevegmeej Deueie-Deueie keâcejsngDee keâjles Les~ Fme Øemebie ceW nefJeOee&ve; DeefiveMeeuee,helveerveb meoveced leLee meomed—Fve Ûeej MeyoeW keâe GuuesKeefceuelee nw, pees Ùe%e kesâ Øemebie ceW cegKÙeleÙee efvee|o° nesves hejYeer meeOeejCe IejeW kesâ mecyevOe ceW Yeer ØeÙegòeâ efkeâÙes pee mekeâlesnQ~ Fmemes Øeleerle neslee nw efkeâ Gme keâeue ceW IejeW kesâ ÛeejefJeYeeie ngDee keâjles Les—(1) DeefiveMeeuee—Jen keâceje


efpemeceW Deefive peueeF& peeleer leLee efJeefYeVe Deefive-kegâC[eW ceWosJeleeDeeW kesâ efueS nesce efkeâÙee peelee Lee~

(2) nefJeOee&ve—YeeC[ej ie=n, efpemeceW Iej ie=n,efpemeceW Iej ie=nmLeer kesâ efvelÙe KeÛe& leLee Ùe%e Ùeeie keâer ÛeerpeWSkeâ$e jKeer peeleer Leer~ (3) helveerveeb meoveced—Devle:hegjpeveevee~ Ùen yengle ner Yeerlej ngDee keâjlee Lee, efpeveceWefm$eÙeeB mJeÛÚvoleehetJe&keâ DevÙe IejJeeueeW keâer DeeBKe mes DeesPeueneskeâj jn mekeâleer Leer~23 otmejs keâcejeW ceW Deeves-peeves ceWefm$eÙeeW kesâ efueS keâesF& ®keâeJeš ve LeeR, hejvleg yeenj peeves kesâmeceÙe efJeJeeefnle efm$eÙeeB Ûeeoj Ùee ogheós mes Deheves Mejerj keâes{bkeâ efueÙee keâjleer LeeR~24

(4) meomed—yew"ves keâe mLeeve; yeenjer oeueeve efpemeceWheg®<eeJe=vo Skeâ$e neskeâj meesles, yew"les Ùee yeeleÛeerle efkeâÙeekeâjles Les~ Fvekesâ keâcejeW kesâ efmeJeeÙe heMegDeeW kesâ jnves kesâYeer Deueie keâcejs nesles Les, pees ‘Meeuee’ Ùee ‘iees$e’ keânspeeles Les~ GlmeJe leLee Ùe%eeW ceW Deeves Jeeues DeefleefLeÙeeW Deewjefveceefv$ele JÙeefòeâÙeeW, efJeMes<ele: yeÇeÿeCeeW kesâ jnves kesâ efueSYeer Deueie Iej neslee Lee pees ‘DeeJemeLe’ ceW Ùeeef$eÙeeW kesâjnves leLee Deejece keâjves keâe hetje ØeyevOe jKee peelee Lee~Fmekeâe efJemle=le JeCe&ve met$e«evLeeW25 ceW efoÙee ieÙee nw~$e+iJeso26 kesâ Skeâ ceb$e kesâ meeÙeCeYee<Ùe kesâ DeeOeej hejGme meceÙe IejeW ceW leerve Deebieve cee KeC[ ngDee keâjles Les~Fme ceb$e ceW ‘ef$eOeeleg’27 keâe DeLe& meeÙeCe ves ‘ef$eYetefcekeâced’efkeâÙee nw~ Fmemes Jewefokeâ ie=neW kesâ efJemle=le leLee uecyes-ÛeewÌ[snesves keâer yeele heg° nesleer nw~

Deheves ie=neW keâer j#ee keâjves kesâ efveefceòe $e+iJeso ceW‘Jeemlees<heefle’ osJelee keâer keâuhevee keâer ieÙeer nw Deewj Gvekeâermlegefle oes metòeâeW28 ceW keâer ieÙeer nw~ Jeemlees<heefle mes ØeeLe&veekeâer ieÙeer nw efkeâ DeeÙeeX keâe efveJeeme MeesYeve leLee jesienervenes, efÉheo leLee Ûeleg<heo keâe keâuÙeeCe nes, ieeÙeeW DeewjIeesÌ[eW kesâ Éeje mece=efæ keâes yeÌ{eDees leLee meoe peJeeveer keâeDevegYeJe keâjles ngS nce ueesie Deehekesâ efce$e yeves jns Deewjheg$eeW kesâ Øeefle efhelee kesâ meceeve legce nce ueesieeW hej meoeØeerefleÙegòeâ yeves jnes~29

Jewefokeâkeâeueerve ueesie Deheves IejeW keâes met$e mes ceeheles Les

(Leece ceces)~ Fme DeLe& ceW ‘efveefcele’ SJeb ‘efcele’ Meyo ØeÙegòeâ

nQ~30 yeÌ[s ceeheve keâes efcele keânles Les SJeb DeJeevlej YeeieeW

keâes met$e mes ceeheles Les~ mlecYe kesâ Øeefle‰eve (yegefveÙeeo) keâe

Yeer GuuesKe efceuelee nw~31 $e+iJeso32 ceW Je<ce&ved Meyo yeÌ[s

KecYes Ùee ueeš keâer TBÛeeF& kesâ efueS ØeÙegòeâ yeÌ[s ceehe Jeeues

ie=n keâes ye=nvle ceeve33 leLee meeceevÙe ie=n keâes Meeuee keânles

Les~ ceneMeeuee Meyo keâe ØeÙeesie Gheefve<eoeW ceW efceuelee nw~

Iej ceW keâF& heeKe (he#e Ùee efYeefòe) Yeer nesles Les, efpevekesâ

DeeOeej hej efÉheÉe, Ûeleg<he#e, <ešdhe#e ie=neW keâe GuuesKe

efceuelee nw~34 Iej ceW ÚleeW mes ueškeâles ngS efmekeânj Ùee

ÚeRkesâ (MekeäÙe) keâe Yeer GuuesKe efceuelee nw~ keâes"s kesâ Devoj

keâes"s Ùee keâes"jer keâe Yeer GuuesKe nw~35 Meeuee keâes ye=nÛÚvoe:

Yeer keâne ieÙee nw~36 efJe<egJeled Ùee veueoC[ kesâ Thej npeej

ves$eeW Ùee ÚsoeW Jeeues Deesheme Ùee mletefhekeâeDeeW keâe ÙeneB mhe°

JeCe&ve nw~ Iej keâes heÙee&hle Deuebke=âle efkeâÙee peelee Lee; Gmekeâer

Ghecee Deuebke=âle nefLeveer mes oer ieÙeer nw~

MeleheLe-yeÇeÿeCe ceW Iej kesâ oes YeeieeW keâe GuuesKe nw~

Skeâ hetJee&Oe& Ùee meomed Deewj otmeje GòejeOe& Yeeie kesâ he=LegßeesCeer

m$eer kesâ meceeve nesves hej megvoj ceevee ieÙee nw, DeLee&led Gmekesâ

efheÚues ceOÙe-Yeeie keâer efJeMeeue yeveeves keâer meueen oer ieÙeer

nw~ ceehe kesâ efueS hewjeW mes Ûeuekeâj Yeer heoieCevee keâer peeleer

Leer~ Meeuee keâe cegKe-ceC[he Gmekeâer veeefmekeâe Leer, efpemes

yeeo ceW ‘Deefuevo’ keâne peeves ueiee~ MeleheLe-yeÇeÿeCe ceW

keâne ieÙee nw efkeâ osJeeW keâes hetJe&-heefMÛece keâe efJevÙeeme

®efÛekeâj Lee Deewj ceveg<Ùe Gòej-oef#eCe kesâ efJevÙeeme keâes

DeefOekeâ hemevo keâjles Les~ Fve ØeceeCeeW kesâ DeeOeej hej keâne

pee mekeâlee nw efkeâ Jewefokeâ Jeemleg-efJevÙeeme efJekeâefmele, mhe°

Deewj mejue Lee~ meeLe ner Jes leòJe Yeer GmeceW efJeÅeceeve Les pees

Ssefleneefmekeâ Ùegie keâer Jeemleg-keâuee ceW heeÙes peeles nQ~ Fmemes

YeJeve efveJesMe keâer ØeeÛeervelee mJele: efmeæ nesleer nw~


meboYe& œeesle1. leb Jees omce=lees<enb Jemeesce&vo vecevOeme:~

DeefYe Jelmeb ve mJemejs<eg OesveOe Fvõb ieere|Oeve&Jeecens~~ (DeLeJe&.20/9/1)

2. me=pee Jelmeb ve oecvees JeefMe‰ced ($e+. 20/9/1)3. lewòejerÙe DeejeCÙekeâ 1/11/84. SslejsÙe yeÇe. 5/35. $e+ 1/189/26. MeleceMcevceÙeerveeb hegjeefYevões JÙeemÙeled~

efoJeesoemeeÙe oeMeg<es~ ($e+. 4/30/20)7. $e+. 1/58/8; 2/20/8; 4/27/1; 10/101/88. DeLeJe&. 8/6/239. Øeefle ÙeomÙe Je»eb yeeÜesOeg&n&lJeer omÙetved hegj DeeÙemeerefve

leejerled~ ($e+. 2/20/8)10. MeleYegefpeefYemlecee|YeÜÏ lesjIeeled hetYeea j#elee ce®lees ÙeceeJele

($e+. 1/166/8)11. lewefòe.meb. 6/23; Mele. 6/3/3/25; Ssle. 2/1112. lew.meb. 6/2/3/1; Ss. 1/23/213. jepeeveeJeefYeõgne OeÇgJes meomÙegòeces~ menœemLetCe Deemeeles~

($e+. 2/41/5)Je=nvleb ceeveb Je®Ce mJeOeeJe: menœeÉejb peiecee ie=nb les~($e+. 7/88/5)

14. $e+iJeso 7/56/1615. MeleheLe (1/3/2/14)16. levlegb leleb mebJeÙevleer meceerÛeer Ùe%emÙe hesMe: megogOes megogOes

heÙemJeleer~ ($e+. 2/3/6)

17. efJelevJeles efOeÙees Demcee Deheebefme Jem$ee heg$eeÙe Deelejes JeÙeefvle~

($e+. 5/47/6)

18. $e+. 8/5/38

19. Jehlee, $e+. 10/42/4

20. efYe<ekedâ $e+. 2/33/4

21. DeLeJe&Jeso 3/12, 9/3

22. iegne Ûejvleer Ùees<ee,$e+. 1/167/3

23. DeÙeceg lJee efJeÛe<e&Ces peveerefjJeeefYe mebJe=le:~ Øe meesce Fvõ

mehe&leg ($e+. 8/17/7)

24. Deehemlecye ßeewlemet$e 5/9/3; Oece&met$e 2/9/25/4

25. $e+iJeso (6/46/9)

26. Fvõ ef$eOeeleg MejCeb ef$eJe®Leb mJeefmleceled~

27. Úe|oÙe&ÛÚ ceOeJeoddYÙe§e ce¢eb Ûe ÙeeJeÙee efJeÅegcesYÙe:~ ($e+.

6/46/9)

28. $e+iJeso 7/54, 55

29. Jeelees<heles ØelejCees ve SefOe ieÙemheâevees ieesefYejMJesefYeefjvoes~

Depejememles meKÙes mÙeece efhelesJe heg$eeved Øeefle vees peg<emJe~~

($e+. 7/54/2)

30. De.Jes. 9/3/19

31. $e+. 10/44

32. $e+iJeso 3/8/3

33. $e+. 7/88/5

34. De.Jes. 9/3/21

35. De.Jes. 9/3/6

36. kegâueeÙes DeefOekegâueeÙeeced 9/3/20

MeesOe meejebMe

jerJee SJeb Men[esue mebYeeie ceW heÙe&šve mLeueeW keâe efJekeâeme [e@. kesâ. kesâ. Mecee&* cegkesâMe kegâceej efleJeejer**

[ 115 ]

;g nqfu;k ,d fdrkc tSlh gS vkSj tks yksx thou esa ;k=k ugha djrs osbldk flQZ ,d iUuk i<+ ikrs gSaA lar vkWxLVhu dk ;g dFku okdbZ i;ZVudh vkRek dks n'kkZrk gS vkSj ,d xfr'khy ns'k ds :i esa Hkkjr nqfu;k Hkj dsi;ZVdksa ds fy, <sj lkjs volj iznku djrk gSA izkd`frd lkSan;Z] ,sfrgkfldbekjrsa] fojklr LFky] <sj lkjh fofo/krk] ns'k dk jax&fcjaxk Lo:i] lrjaxhlaLd`fr] [kku&iku vkSj /kkfeZd LFkyksa esa i;ZVu dh vlhe laHkkouk Nqih gqbZ gSAgky ds n'kd esa ;gka rd fd f'k{kk vkSj fpfdRlk i;ZVu] ,Mosapj] xzkeh.k vkSjbdks&VwfjTe us Hkh Hkkjrh; i;ZVu m|ksx esa u, vk;ke tksM+s gSaA flQZ varjkZ"Vªh;gh ugha cfYd ?kjsyw i;ZVu esa Hkh dbZ xq.kk btkQk gqvk gSA gky esa tks vkadM+slkeus vk, gSa mlls irk pyrk gS fd fiNys n'kd esa Hkkjr esa i;ZVu {ks= usvn~Hkqr fodkl fd;k gS vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa flQZ 6-6 izfr'kr dk;ksxnku fn;k gSA

nqfu;k Hkj esa i;ZVu jkstxkj iSnk djus okys ,d {ks= ds :i esa tkuk tkrkgS] lkFk gh ;g fons'kh eqnzk ykus okys vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl dks c<+kok nsus ds fy,Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA fof'k"V laLd`fr ls ifjiw.kZ] izkd`frd fofo/krk] fojklr]thoar cktkj vkSj ikjaifjd vkfrF;&Hkko okys Hkkjr esa i;ZVu dh izpqjlaHkkouk,a gSaA t:jr bl ckr dh gS fd bls miHkksDrkvksa rd dk;ns ls izLrqrfd;k tk,A fdlh Hkh ns'k esa i;ZVu m|ksx ogka dh lqfo/kk,a elyu cqfu;knh<kaps] jgus&Bgjus dh O;oLFkk] ifogu vkSj euksjatu ds lk/kuksa dh izfrLi/kkZRedrk ij fodkl djrh gS vkSj ;gha ij dbZ lkjs Hkkxhnkjksa dh Hkwfedk lkeusvkrh gSa ftlesa dsUnz ljdkj] jkT; ljdkj] m|eh vkSj lekt dk Hkh ;ksxnkugksrk gSA

* ØeeOÙeehekeâ (meceepeMeem$e), Mee. "ekegâj jCecele eEmen ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

** MeesOeeLeea, Sce.S. (meceepeMeem$e), Mee. "ekegâj jCecele eEmen ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

SH

O

DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



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gkykafd ;s fdlh m|eh dh nf"V vkSj mldhizfrHkk gksrh gS fd oks bu ;kstukvksa vkSj lalk/kuksa esa vkfFkZd ewY; tksM+ ikrk gS vkSj mlslekt o vius csgrjh ds fy, bLrseky djysrk gSA viuh lgk;d fØ;kvksa ds lkFk i;ZVum|ksx O;olkf;d xfrfof/k;ksa dk fo'kky lalkjizLrqr djrh gS tSls ifjogu] vkfrF;] Hkkstu]Vwj isdst] euksjatu vkfn&vkfnA vfHkuo vkSjvikjaifjd i;ZVu LFkyksa dh ryk'k tks vHkhrd ugha [kaxkys tk lds gS&oks ,d dk;e;kc

m|eh ds fy, vkSj Hkkjr esa i;ZVu dks fVdkÅcukus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA

Hkkjr esa ^vfrfFk nsoks Hko* dh iqjkuh /kkj.kkjgh gS vkSj i;ZVd dks vfrfFk* dk ntkZ gkflygSA lekt estcku dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA ysfduvkf[kj esa lekt lsok iznkrk vkSj ykHk&gkflydjus okys dh Hkwfedk esa gh jgrk gSA lekt dslekos'kh fodkl ds fy, Hkh i;ZVu 'kkunkj ek/;e gks ldrk gS vkSj xjhch mUewyu esa ldkjkRedHkwfedk vnk dj ldrk gSA i;ZVu m|ksx esa ;s{kerk gS fd oks yksxksa ds thou vkSj lkspus dhn`f"V ls cnyko yk ldrk gSA ysfdu bldsfy, m|ksx dks lrdZrkiwoZd fodflr djus dhvko';drk gS vkSj i;ZVdksa vkSj estoku leqnk;dh ldkjkRed eukso`fÙk os egRoiw.kZ dkjd gSatks bl m|ksx dks ,d jpukRed fn'kk iznkudjrs gSaA

Hkkjr esa i;ZVu dk Hkfo"; fu'p; gh mTToygS ysfdu gesa ,d yach nwjh r; djuh gSA egkunk'kZfud ykvksRls us dgk Fkk fd gtkj ehy dh;k=k lcls igys] igys dne ls 'kq: dh tkrhgS vkSj gky esa tks bl {ks= esa uhfr;ka 'kq: dhxbZ gS] mlls oks lgh dne mBk fy;k x;k gSA

ns'k esa i;ZVu ds fodkl o foLrkj dhvikj laHkkokuk,a gSaA bl fn'kk esa lcls cM+ht:jr gS i;ZVu lsokvksa dks mRikn ds rkSj ijekU;rk nsus dh vksj csgrj iSdsftax ds lkFk mlsis'k djus dhA ifjogu] vkoklu] [kku&ikuvkSj reke m|ksxksa dks i;ZVu m|ksx ds fodklds lkFk gh&ckbZ&izksMDV* ds rkSj ij lQyrkfey tk,xhA Hkkjr dk i;ZVu {ks= ,d ÅaphNykax yxkus ds eqgkus ij [kM+k gSA mijksDrreke lgmRikn volajpuk {ks= ls tqMs+ gSa vkSjvolajpuk fodkl ij ekStwn ljdkj dk tksj


Hkh gSA ,sls esa csgrj dy dh mEehn rks dh ghtk ldrh gSA

i;ZVu dk mn~ns'; izkjaHk ls gh ekufldruko vkSj jkstejkZ ds thou dh cksfj;r lsNqVdkjk ikuk jgk gS ysfdu cgqr ls yksx 'kkjhfjdvkSj ekufld fodkjksa ls eqfDr izkIr djus dsfy;s Hkh fofHkUu LFkkuksa dks Hkze.k djrs gSaA Hkkjresa i;ZVu dk ;g Lo:i cM+h rsth ls Qy Qwyjgk gS gekjs ;gka ijaijkxr fpfdRlk i)fr;ksavkSj vk/;kfRed fØ;kvksa dh yach ijaijk jgh gSftudk mi;ksx vc i;ZVu dks c<+kok nsus dsfy;s gks jgk gSA

,yksiSFkh esa dbZ vlk/; jksxksa ds bykt dsfy;s Hkh vklikl ds ns'kksa vkSj vU; fodkl'khyns'kksa ds yksx Hkkjr vkus yxs gSa] i;ZVdksa dh u;hilan gS vk;qosZn ;ksx] fl)] izkd`frd fpfdRlktSlh mipkj iz.kkfy;k¡ buesa ekfy'k] tM+h cwfV;ksals fofHkUu fodkjksa dk bykt vkSj ekufld rukode djus ds fy;s ;kSfxd fØ;k,¡ o /;ku tSlhfØ;k,¡ 'kkfey gSaA ;s lqfo/kk,¡ dbZ cM+s vLirkyksaesa tqVkbZ tk jgh gS vkSj lkFk gh bu i)fr;ksa dsfy;s vyx ls dsUnz LFkkfir ykHk djrs gSaA dbZdsUnzksa ;k vkJeksa esa laxhr vkSj jkxksa dh lgk;rkls Hkh mipkj fd;k tkrk gSA

,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj fpfdRlk i;ZVu dsvarxZr yxHkx 1-5 yk[k fons'kh i;ZVd izfro"kZHkkjr vkrs gSa budh la[;k c<+kus ij o"kZ 2012rd Hkkjr esa LokLF; i;ZVu dk djksckj yxHkxnks vjc MkWyj rd igqap tk,xkA bl {ks= esadsjy vxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA ;gka ij jkT;ds i;ZVu fodkl fuxe vkSj futh laxBuksa dhvksj ls dbZ dsUnz pyk, tk jgs gSa ftuesa otu?kVkus] pchZ de djus] LikafMyHkbfVl] iFkjh]tksM+ksa dk nnZ tSls lkekU; vkSj ok;qtfur fodkjksa

dk bykt fd;k tkrk gSA bu dsUnz dh yksdfiz;rkdk dkj.k ;g gS fd ;gka fd fpfdRlk deegaxh gS vkSj buesa izos'k ds fy;s izrh{kk ughadjuh iM+rhA vk;qosZn] ;ksx izkd`frd fpfdRlkvkfn ds dsUnz izkd`frd n`f"V ls je.kh; LFkkuksaij gh [kksys tkrs gSa ftlls i;ZVd bykt dslkFk&lkFk izkd`frd lkSan;Z dk Hkh vkuUn mBkldrs gSaA lsgr vkSj lSj nksuksa ,d lkFk gks tk,rks i;ZVdksa dks vkSj D;k pkfg,A fpfdRlk i;ZVutksj idM+ jgk gS vkSj bl [kaM ds lao/kZu dsfy, fuEufyf[kr igy dh xbZ gS %&

i;ZVu ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj us cfyZuesa baVjus'kuy VwfjTe cksMZ ¼vkbZVhch½ esa Hkkxfy;k] tgk¡ Hkkjr dks u, mHkjrs gsYFkds;j xarO;ds :i esa laof/kZr fd;k x;kA

bafM;u gsYFks;j lfoZlst ds lao/kZu ,oaHkkjr esa fuos'k ds vkea=.k gsrq] i;ZVu ea=ky;us U;w;kdZ VkbEl Vsªoy 'kks esa Hkkx fy;k] ftlesabafM;k VwfjTe vkWfQl] U;w;kdZ bafM;u baMLVªh¼lhvkbZvkbZ½ }kjk l= dk vk;kstu Hkh fd;kx;kA

esfMdy chtk dh ,d ubZ Js.kh dh'kq:vkr dh xbZ gS] ftls Hkkjr vkus okys fons'khi;ZVdksa dk esfMdy bykt ds fof'k"V mís';gsrq fd;k tk ldrk gSA

i;kZoj.k i;ZVu %&i;kZoj.k i;ZVu ;k bdks VwfjTe Hkh vis{kkdr

uohu vo/kkj.kk gS tks if'peh jk"Vªksa vkSj nf{k.kiwoZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa yksdfiz;rk gkfly dj pqdhgS ij Hkkjr esa vHkh bl fn'kk esa cgqr de iz;klgq, gSA blesa leqnzksa ds fLFkjty ;kuh cSad okVjds {ks=] oU; izk.kh vH;kj.;] ioZrksa dh rygfV;ksa]jk"Vªh; ikdZ] i{kh vH;kj.; vkfn 'kkfey gSA


fLFkjty LFky vius euksje izkdfrd lkSan;Zds fy;s izfl) gSaA buds vykok vke ds ckxkuHkh lSykfu;ksa dks vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA oU; izkf.k;ksao if{k;ksa ds vusd vH;kj.; tgka i;ZVd oU;izkf.k;ksa vkSj {ks= dh dqnjr dk utkjk djrs gSaAi;kZoj.k i;ZVu dk vkn'kZ dsanz gSA ;g izkd`frdNVk oU; tarqvksa vkSj ufn;ksa ds lkSan;Z dk laxeHkh n'kZuh; gS fo'o Hkj ls i;ZVd vkdj fo'kkyreck?k vH;kj.; vkSj fofo/k izdkj ds tho tarqvksads n'kZu dj ldrs gSa izkd`frd NVk ds n'kZudjkus okys vla[; LFky gSa tks i;kZoj.k i;ZVuds mís'; ls vkus okys lSykfu;ksa dk Lokxrdjus dks vkrqj gSA bu LFkkuksa ij vk/kqfudlqfo/kkvksa dh O;oLFkk gks tkus ls ns'k esa i;ZVudks fu'p; gh izksRlkgu feysxkA

i;ZVu dh vk/kqfud vo/kkj.kkvksa esa ,d u;kuke tqM+k gS gSfjVst gksVy] bls vki izkphurk vkSjvk/kqfudrk dk laxe dg ldrs gSaA gekjs ns'k esa,sfrgkfld n`f"V ls egRoiw.kZ vusd egy] nqxZ]Hkou vkfn gSa tks iqjkus jkt?kjkuksa ds LokfeRo esagSaA bu /kjksgj bekjrksa dks vk/kqfud lqfo/kkvksa lslaiUu gksVyksa vkSj xsLV gkmlksa esa ifjofrZr djusdk u;k flyflyk py fudyk gS tks i;ZVu dhn`f"V ls dkQh mi;ksxh fl) gks jgk gSA

vrhr dh HkO;] euksje vkSj fo'kkykdkjbekjrsa tks dHkh jktk&egkjktkvksa vkSj tehnkjksadh laiUurk vkSj vfHkeku dh izrhd FkhA vkti;ZVdksa dh vkjkexkg curh tk jgh gSA e/;dkyhu laLd`fr ds vuq:i cuh ;s bekjrs vk/kqfud lqfo/kkvksa ls laiUu gksdj laLd`fr vkSjmiHkksx dk vf}rh; feJ.k izLrqr dj jgh gSaAbl n`f"V ls jktLFkku vxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgkgSA ;gka ds vusd egy vkSj nqxZ viuk Lo:i[kksdj gSjhVst gksVy dk uke viuk pqds gSaA

gSfjVst Vsªu dh ifjdYiuk Hkh ijaijk vkSj vk/kqfud ds laxe ds mís'; dks /;ku esa j[kdj dhxbZ gSA

ns'k esa nks vR;ar vkjkensg vkSj HkO;jsyxkfM+;k¡ py jgh gS ftlesa ;k=h {ks= fo'ks"kdk Hkze.k djrs gq, ml {ks= ds tuthou vkSjlaLd`fr dk jsyxkM+h esa Hkh vkuan mBkrs pyrsgSaA 21 fMCcksa okyh MDdu vksfMlh* nf{k.k iBkjdh lSj djkrh gS rks nwljh jsyxkM+h îSysl vkufg~oYl* jktLFkku ds jktiqrkuh 'kkgh laLd`frdk voyksdu djus dk volj nsrhgSA bl HkO;jsyxkM+h dh fxurh fo'o dh 10 'kh"kZ yXtjhVsªuksa esa dh tkrh gSA

gSfjVst i;ZVu dk] tgk¡ dgha Hkh laHko gksik;sxk] fudVorhZ lkaLd`frd :i ls le`) xkaoksarFkk 'kgjksa] f'kYi xzkeksa esa] ifjiFk esa Hkhrj ,dhdrdjus gsrq foLrj fd;k tk;sxkA Hkkjrh; i;ZVudk ;g uohure vk;ke /khjs&/khjs vius ikaotek jgk gSA oS'ohdj.k ds bl ;qx esa lkjhnqfu;k ,d xkao esa rCnhy gks jgh gSA fo'ocktkj esa Hkkjr ds c<+rs gLr{ksi ds dkj.k vusdvarjkZ"Vªh; rFkk cgqjk"Vªh; O;kikfjd ,oa jktuhfrdlaxBu Hkkjr esa viuh cSBdsa] xksf"B;k¡ vkSj lEesyuvk;ksftr djrs gSA gekjs ns'k ds NksVs&cM+s lHkhgksVy vius ;gk¡ lEesyu dk fuekZ.k dj jgs gSa]tgk¡ cSBds vk;ksftr djus] vfrfFk;ksa vkSjizfrHkkfx;ksa ds jgus&Bgjus] [kku&iku dslkFk&lkFk lEesyu ds fy;s cqfu;knhvko';drkvksa] tSls ohfM;ksa dkaÝsflax] Dyc] ckjvkfn dk O;oLFkk dh tkrh gS dqN gksVyksa dh,d iwjh ¶yksj lEesyuksa ds fy;s fu/kkZfjr jgrhgSA Hkkjr ds gksVy nf{k.k ,f'k;k ls lacaf/krfopkj&foe'kZ vkSj lEesyuksa ds fy;s vkn'kZ dsUnzekus tkrs gSaA


vk/kqfud lwpuk VsDuksykWth ds bLrseky lsgksVy ds daUos'ku gkWy cukus ds vykok vyxls daUos'ku lsaVj Hkh cuk, tk jgs gSa tks dsoylEesyu vkfn vk;ksftr djus ds fy;s fdjk,ij fn, tkrs gSaA ljdkj us fnYyh] eqacbZ] xksokvkSj t;iqj esa 50]000 lhVksa okys varjkZ"Vªh; Lrjds daUos'ku lsaVj cukus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA m/kjfuth {ks= ds iz;klksa ls dksydkrk] gSnjkckn]psUubZ] dksfPp vkSj vkxjk esa daUos'ku lsaVj cuk,tk jgs gSA

ljdkjh rFkk xSjljdkjh i;ZVu izca/kufeydj ;g iz;kl dj jgs gSa fd lEesyu i;ZVuesa Hkkjr dk fgLlk vf/kdkf/kd c<+k;k tk,AmEehn gS fd i;ZVu ds bu u;s vk;keksa dsfodkl ds QyLo:i Hkkjr esa i;ZVu ds Lo:iesa vk jgs cnyko ls fo'o i;ZVu esa Hkkjr dsvuqikr esa mYys[kuh; c<+ksrjh gksxh vkSj blm|ksx esa vkSj vf/kd yksxksa dks jkstxkj feyldsxkA

lkgfld i;ZVu ioZr] igkM+] unh vkfnty dsUnzksa esa [ksydwn xfrfof/k esa fgLlk ysus dhlqfo/kk iznku djrh gSA mijksDr xfrfof/k dsfy, jhok laHkkx lfgr iwjs izns'k esa vikj laHkkouk,¡ekStwn gSA lhfer lalk/kuksa ij fuHkZj gksus dsdkj.k e-iz- 'kklu us bl {ks= esa futh Hkhxhnkjhds izos'k dk fu.kZ; fy;k gS rkfd izkd`frdlalk/kuksa dk loksZRre lnqi;ksx fd;k tk ldsA

bl rjg tgk¡ ,d vksj e-iz- 'kklu bliz;kl ls vf/kdkf/kd i;ZVd la[;k dks vkdf"kZrdjus dh vk'kk,¡ cyorh gksxh ogh nwljh vksjLFkkuh; mRiknksa dh ek¡x esa of) gksus dh laHkkouk,¡cusxh rFkk LFkkuh; yksxksa esa u;s jkstxkj dsvolj Hkh mRiUu gksxsA

futh Hkkxhnkjh dks vkdf"kZr djus gsrq

jkT; 'kklu us lkekU; funsZ'k js[kk dks vafre

Lo:i fn;k gS ftlls vklkuh ls lkglh viuh

izfrHkk fn[kk ldsA lkgfld i;ZVu dh

fuEufyf[kr fo/kkvksa esa futh Hkkxhnkjh dks tksM+k

x;k gSA

1- dSfEiax

2- Vsªsfdax

3- ,Utfyax

4- ty ØhM+k

5- gkFkh dh lokjh

6- lkbdy lokjh

7- jkbafMax Vsªy

8- QksVks lQkjh

9- Å¡V lokjh

10- okVj jkf¶Vax

11- pV~Vkuksa dh p<+kbZ@ekmUVsfu;fjax

mijksDr xfrfof/k e-iz- 'kklu }kjk jkT;

ds vusd dsUnzksa esa izLrkfor gSa orZeku esa jhok

ftys ds lQkjh Vkbxj laHkkx dh egRoiw.kZ

fjtZoVkxj ds :i esa fodflr fd;k x;k gS

tgka ij i;ZVdksa dh la[;k esa fujarj o`f) gks

jgh gSa ;gka ij lQsn 'ksjksa dk laj{k.k Hkh fd;k

tk jgk gS ftlls êksgu* fo'o dh lcls izFke

lQsn 'ksj dk tud ekuk tkrk gSA tks jhok

ftys esa gh ik;k x;k gSA bl lcls igys egkjktk

ekrZ.M flag us f'kdkj ds nkSjku izkIr fd;k FkkA

vkt eksgu ds oa'ktksa dks bl lQkjh 'ksj dks

iw.kZ:i ls laj{k.k izkIr gSA tcfd mijksDr LFkkuksa

ij izLrkfor lkgfld xfrfof/k;k¡ lapkfyr djus

ls jhok laHkkx i;ZVu m|ksx dks ubZ Å¡pkbZ;ksa

dks Nw jgk gSA


lkj.kh Øekad 1lkgfld i;ZVu xfrfof/k;k¡ fuEufyf[kr

LFkku ij iz;ksx ds vk/kkj ij izkjaHk dh tkldrh gS

Ø

-

i zLrkfor

xfrfof/k

LF k ku

1 dSfEiax] Vsªfdax]

gkFkh lokjh

ck¡/kox<+ jk"Vªh; m|ku] lat; xk¡/kh

jk"Vªh; m|ku ,oa vH;kj.;ksa ijA

2 ty ØhM+k vejdaVd] xksfoUnx<+] cka/kox<+] pqjgV

lksu unh] ck.klkxj ck¡/k jhok ijA

3 dsuksbax

lQkjh@OgkbV

okVj jkf¶Vax

chgj unh] ueZnk unh] lksu unh] Vel

unh] cukjl unh ijA

4 jkWd DykbfEcax

vkSj

ioZrkjksgj.k

vejdaVd] fp=dwV] cka/kox<+] xM~Mh

igkM+ jhok] xksfoUnx<+ igkM+] eksgfu;k

?kkVh] Nqfg;k ?kkVh] cnZgk ?kkV ijA

5 iSjklSfyax@iSjk

XykbfMax@xeZ

gok ds xqCckjs

esa mM+ku

xksfoUnx<+] lksgkxh ?kkVh] cka/kox<+]

vejdaVd

Øwt i;ZVu] oSf'od n`f"V ls rsth ls o`f)djrs gq, lsDVj gS dsfjch;u ysfVu vejhdhvkSj nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds vuqHko ;gn'kkZrs gSa fd ØwV i;ZVu dh o`f) gsrq] lgh uhfrokrkoj.k vkSj volajpuk miyC/k djkdj] Hkkjhek=k esa fons'kh eqnzk vftZr dh tk ldrh gS¶yhV ,oa ;kf=;ksa dh 'krksZa esa Øwt f'kfiax gsrqoSf'od ifjn`'; cM+h rsth ls Åij mB jgk gSAHkkjr viuh fo'kky vkSj lqnaj rVjs[kk] v{krouksa ,oa 'kkar lkSE; }hiksa] f'kYidyk dh nh?kZ,sfrgkfld o lkaLd`frd ijEijk] fFk;sVj vkSjdykvksa dk izn'kZu ds lkFk] Øwt i;ZVdksa gsrq],d mPp laHkkO; i;ZVd xarO; gSA

lkgfld i;ZVu %&lkgfld i;ZVu dk fodkl] Hkkjr ds

i;ZVd mRiknksa dh fofo/krk ds fy, uhfr ds,d Hkkx ds :i esa gSA ioZrjksg.k] Vsªfuax] gSax]

XykbfMax] iSjkXykbfMax] cath tafix vkSj fjojjkf¶Vax] lfgr Fky] ok;q ,oa ty vk/kkfjrfØ;kdykiksa gsrq izkFkfed U;wure ekud ds :iesa] lkgfld i;ZVu ij] lqj{kk vkSj xq.koRrkizfrekudksa ij fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds ,d lsV dklw=ikr fd;k x;kA fofHkUu jkT;@la?k jkT;{ks= ljdkjksa dks Vsªfdax] jkWd DykbfEcx]ioZrjksgj.k] ,jks&LiksV~l] 'khrdkyhu@ty laca/kh [ksy&dwn] Vsªdj gV~l oU;thou iznf'kZr djusokyh lqfo/kk,¡] bR;kfn gsrq vko';d fofHkUulkgfld i;ZVu ifj;kstukvksa ,oa volajpuklqfo/kkvksa ds fodkl ds fy, dsUnzh; foRrh;lgk;rk iznku dh tkrh gSA o"kZ 2006&07 dsnkSjku] tyØhM+k laca/kh midj.k tSls dk;kd]dsuksl] iSMy cksV~l Qkbcj] Xykl cksV~l] gkWojØk¶V~l LdwV~lZ] vkfn [kjhnus gsrq e/;izns'k dksfoRrh; lgk;rk iznku dh xbZ gSA

xzkeh.k i;ZVu %&Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa xzkeh.k i;ZVu vR;ar

vuwBk vkSj vfHkUu iz;ksx gSA ;g ,dne u;hvo/kkj.kk gS ftldk /;s; ns'k ds xkaoksa esa laLdfr]dyk dkS'ky vkSj izd`fr ds foiqy HkaMkj dksi;ZVu ds fy;s [kkstuk gSA la;qDr jk"Vª fodkldk;ZØe dh enn ls ljdkj us xzkeh.k fodkldks c<+kok nsus dk fo'ks"k dk;ZØe rS;kj fd;kgS ftlesa ns'kHkj ds 32 xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dk p;uifd;k x;k gS tgka {ks= fo'ks"k ds fof'k"V rRoksads fodkl ij tksj fn;k tk,xk yxHkx ikSusnks djksM+ #i;s dh bl ifj;kstuk ds rgrxkaoksa esa lfn;ksa iqjus gLrf'kYi] yksd dykvksavkSj laLd`frd /kjksgj ds laj{k.k ds mik; fd,tk,xsA

bl ifj;kstuk dk ,d vfrfjDr ykHk;g gksxk fd i;ZVu ds lkFk&lkFk bu xzkeh.kvapyksa ds vkfFkZd fodkl dks xfr feysxh vkSjnsgkrh ;qodksa dks jkstxkj feysxk blls xkaoksa ls


'kgjksa dh vksj iyk;u ij fojke yxkus esa ennfeysxhA

xzkeh.k i;ZVu gkykafd ,dne u;h vo/kkj.kk gS ysfdu Hkkjr esa blds Qyus&Qwyus dsvPNs vklkj gSa D;ksafd ;gka nsgkr esa i;kZVdksa dksvkdf"kZr djus okys rRo cgqrk;r esa ekStwn gSavko';drk muds lgh laj{k.k izca/ku vkSjj[k&j[kko dh gS blesa LFkkuh; izfrHkk dkbLrseky fd;k tkuk pkfg, fdarq ,d ckr dk /;ku j[kuk vko';d gS fd xzkeh.k i;ZVu dsfodkl ds fy;s 'kgjh i;kZVu fodkl okyk ekWMyu viuk;k tk, vkSj iznw"k.k vkfn ls xzkeh.k{ks=ksa dks cpkus dh lko/kkuh cjrh tk, blesadksbZ lans'k ugh fd 'kgjh vkik/kkih vkSj dksykgyls mdrk, yksxksa ds fy;s xzkeh.k i;kZVu dkQhvkd"kZd fl) gks ldrk gSA

xzkeh.k i;ZVu ds ikl Hkkjr dh ^baVsfUtcygSfjVst** vFkok ^^lk¶V dYpj** ds lkFk vkxsc<+us dh izpqj laHkkouk gS] ftlesa yksd&xhr]laxhr] u`R;] LFkkuh; f'kYi ,oa dyk] ØhM+k]mRlo vkfn 'kkfey gSaA Hkkjr dh f'kYidykvkHkw"k.k] gFkdj/kk vkfn ij vf/kd i;ZVd O;;gkfly djus ds fy;s] i;ZVu ;k=k dk;ZØe ds:i esa fo'ks"k #fp okys 'kkWfiax i;ZVu dks izksRlkfgrfd;k tk ldrk gS] tks ijEijkxr dyk ,oaf'kYi ds iqu#)kj esa ennxkj gksxk vkSj xzkeh.kdykdjksa ,oa f'kYidkjksa ds leqnk; dhthfodksikZtu esa Hkh enn nsxkA

cSBd] izksRlkgu] lEesyu vkSj iznf'kZfu;k¡¼ekbl½ i;ZVu m|ksx dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSARofjr oS'ohdj.k vkSj Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dhmPp o`f) dks ns[krs gq, ekbl i;ZVu dk c<+ukr; gS vkSj bldh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus dsfy, ns'k esa vkSj lekxe ,oa izn'kZuh dsUnzksa dhvko';drk gSA bl {ks=ksa esa fuos'k dks c<+kok

nsus rFkk lqfo/kkvksa dks mUur cukus ds fy,i;ZVu ea=ky; lekxe dsUnzksa dks vuqeksnu iznkudjrk gSA

fu"d"kZr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd Hkkjr ljdkjus] ikjLifjd le`) vuqHko gsrq] i;ZVdksa vkSjLFkkuh; yksxksa ds e/; fopkj&foe'kZ dj ldusds lkFk&lkFk LFkkuh; leqnk; dks vkfFkZd ,oalkekftd :i ls ykHk igq¡pkus gsrq] xzkeh.k LFkyksaij muds xzkeh.k thou dyk] laLdfr vkSj fojklrdks iznf'kZr djus ds fy, xzkeh.k i;ZVu dkfodkl vkSj lao/kZu djus dk fu'p; fd;kAblh dM+h esa jhok ,oa 'kgMksy laHkkx esa fLFkri;ZVu LFkyksa dks fodflr djus dk iz;kl fd;ktkuk pkfg, ftlls ;gka ij LFkkuh; yksxksa dksi;ZVu ds tfj;s jkstxkj ,oa vkfFkZd le`f) dkfodkl gks lds] LFkkuh; yksxksa ds thou&Lrj esaldkjkRed lksp dk fodkl gks ldsA

lanHkZ lzksr %&1- ekFkqj ds-,e] g;~eu fjlkslZ MsoyiesaV bu bafM;k]

vfjgr] t;iqj2- ekuo lalk/ku izca/k ,oa fu;kstu] jes'k cqd

fMiks] t;iqj3- xzkeh.k fodkl dh izeq[k ;kstuk,¡ ,oa dk;ZØe]

e-iz- ljdkj4- vVy];ksxs'k ,oa fllksfn;k] ;rhUnz flag]

vkfnoklh Hkkjr] jkor ifCyds'ku t;iqj5- tSu o Jhpanz vkfnokfl;ksa ds chp f'kokuh

cqDl( ubZ fnYyh6- frokjh f'ko dqekj] Hkkjr dh tutkfr;k¡ ¼1992½7- flag fouksn] xksM+ ,oa cSxk tutkfr;ksa esa

vkSipkfjd f'k{kk dk izHkko 19938- fujxq.ks] calr( vk;ZoRr e/; izns'k dh tutkfr;k¡

¼2004½9- feJk] f'kok] cSxk tutkfr ds vkfFkZd lkekftd

,oa i;kZoj.kh; ifjfLFkfr dk v/;;u

MeesOe meejebMe

‘‘Yeejle ceW kegâhees<eCe keâer mecemÙee SJeb efveoeve’’ [e@. ieeskegâue Øemeeo efÉJesoer* efJepeÙe Mebkeâj ÛeewOejer**

[ 122 ]

la;qDr jk"Vª dk dguk gS fd esa gj lky dqiks"k.k ds dkj.k ejus okys ikaplky ls de mez okys cPpksa dh la[;k nl yk[k ls Hkh T;knk gS] nf{k.k ,f'k;kesa Hkkjr dqiks"k.k ds ekeys esa lcls cqjh gkyr esa gSA jktLFkku vkSj e/; izns'kesa fd, x, losZ{k.kksa esa ik;k x;k fd ns'k ds lcls xjhc bykdksa esa vkt Hkh cPpsHkq[kekjh ds dkj.k viuh tku xaok jgs gSaA fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd vxj blvksj /;ku fn;k tk, rks bu ekSrksa dks jksdk tk ldrk gSA la;qDr jk"Vª us Hkkjresa tks vkadM+s ik, gSa] os varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ls dbZ xquk T;knk gSaA la;qDr jk"Vª usfLFkfr dks ^fparktud** crk;k gSA Hkkjr esa QkbV gaxj QkmaMs'ku vkSj ,lh,QbafM;k us fey dj ^^tujs'kuy U;wfVª'ku izksxzke** dh 'kq:vkr dh gSA

* ØeeOÙeehekeâ (meceepeMeem$e), Ùecegvee Øemeeo Meem$eer ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, efmejceewj, efpeuee- jerJee (ce.Øe.)

** MeesOeeLeea, MeemekeâerÙe "ekegâj jCecele efmebn mJeMeemeer ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

Hkkjr esa ,lh,Q ds mik/;{k jktho VaMuus bl izksxzke ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, dgk fddqiks"k.k dks ^^fpfdRlh; vkikr fLFkfr** ds :iesa ns[kus dh t:jr gSA lkFk gh mUgksaus blfn'kk esa csgrj uhfr;ksa ds cuk, tkus vkSj bldsfy, ctV fn, tkus dh Hkh iSjoh dh ubZ fnYyhesa gqbZ dkWUÝsal esa ljdkj ls t:jh dne mBkusij tksj fn;k x;kA jktho VaMu us ljdkj lsdqiks"k.k feVkus dks ,d ^^fe'ku** dh rjg ysusdh vihy dh gSA mUgksaus dgk fd iz/kkuea=heksnh vxj pkgsa] rks bls ,d ubZ fn'kk ns ldrsgSaA ,lh,Q dh fjiksVZ crkrh gS fd Hkkjr esa

dqiks"k.k ftruh cM+h leL;k gS] oSlk iwjs nf{k.k,f'k;k esa vkSj dgha ns[kus dks ugha feyk gSAfjiksVZ esa fy[kk x;k gS]

rkfydk Ø- 01Hkkjr esa fuokljr dqiksf"kr tula[;k

Øekad fuokljr tula[;k izfr'kr

1 vuqlwfpr tutkfr 28

2 vuqlwfpr tkfr 21

3 fiNM+h tkfr 20

4 lkekU; tkfr 21

5 vU; 10

;ksx 100 izfr'kr


SH

O

DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4


mijksDr rkfydk ls Li"V gS fd ^^Hkkjr esavuqlwfpr tutkfr ¼28 izfr'kr½] vuqlwfpr tkfr¼21 izfr'kr½] fiNM+h tkfr ¼20izfr'kr½ vkSj xzkeh.kleqnk; ¼21izfr'kr½ ij vR;f/kd dqiks"k.k dkcgqr cM+k cks> gSA** ogha egkjk"Vª esa jktekrkfttkÅ fe'ku pykus okyh oanuk d`".kk dkdguk gS fd jkT; ljdkj dqiks"k.k de djus dsfy, dbZ dne mBk jgh gS] ij lkFk gh mUgksausbl vksj Hkh /;ku fnyk;k fd nfyr vkSj vkfnoklhbykdksa esa vHkh Hkh lQyrk ugha fey ikbZ gSAla;qDr jk"Vª dh fjiksVZ esa cPpksa dks [kkuk ukfeyus ds lkFk&lkFk] ns'k esa [kkus dh cckZnh dkC;ksjk Hkh fn;k x;k gSA

vkt ds le; esa dqiks"k.k varjkZ"Vªh; leqnk;ds fy;s fpark dk fo"k; cu x;k gSA ;gka rddh fo'o cSad us bldh rqyuk Cysd MsFkukedegkekjh ls dh gSA ftlus 18oha lnha esa ;wjksidh tula[;k ds ,d cM+s fgLls dks fuxy fy;kFkkA dqiks"k.k dks D;k bruk egRoiw.kZ ekuk tkjgk gSa \ fo'o cSad tSlh laLFkk;sa D;ksa blds izfrbruh fpafrr gS \ lkekU; :i esa dqiks"k.k dksfpfdRlh; ekeyk ekuk tkrk gS vkSj gees lsvf/kdrj lksprs gSa fd ;g fpfdRlk dk fo"k;gSA okLro esa dqiks"k.k cgqr lkjslkekftd&jktuSfrd dkj.kksa dk ifj.kke gSAtc Hkw[k vkSj xjhch jktuSfrd ,tsM+k dhizkFkfedrk ugha gksrh rks cM+h rknkn esa dqiks"k.klrg ij mHkjrk gSA Hkkjr dk mnkgj.k ys tgkadqiks"k.k mldh iM+kslh vf/kd xjhc vkSj defodflr iM+kslh;ksa tSls ckaXykns'k vkSj usiky lsHkh vf/kd gSA ckaXykns'k esa f'k'kq e`R;qnj 48 izfrgtkj gS tcfd bldh rqyuk esa Hkkjr esa ;g 67izfr gtkj gSA ;gka rd dh ;g mi lgkjkvÝhdh ns'kksa ls Hkh vf/kd gSA Hkkjr esa dqiks"k.k

dk nj yxHkx 55 izfr'kr gS tcfd mi lgkjh;vÝhdk esa ;g 27 izfr'kr ds vklikl gSA

rkfydk Øekad 025 o"kZ ls de mez ds cPpksa esae`R;qnj izfr gtkj % rqyukRed

Øekad ns'k izfr'kr esa

1 ckaXykns'k 77

2 czkthy 36

3 phu 09

4 feJ 41

5 Hkkjr 93

6 baMksusf'k;k 45

7 eSfDldksa 29

8 ukbZtsfj;k 183

9 ikfdLrku 109

ftu {ks=ksa esa vR;ef/kd vYiS iks"k.k gSogka dqiksf"kr efgyk;sa ;k fd'kksjh ckfydk;sa mucPpksan dks tUeu nsrh gSa tks iSnk gksrs gh of)okf/kr ;k irys gksrs gSaA bl izdkj vYi iks"k.k ,dih<+h rd [kkSQukd mRrjkf/kdkj ds :i esagLrka.krfjr gksrk gSA ;s cPps vkus okys o"kksZa esao`f) dh HkjikbZ ugha dj ikrsA os tYn gh chekjgksus] nsj ls Ldwy esa izos'k djus] lh[k ugha ikusdh laHkkouk ls xzflr gksrs gSa vkSj cM+s gksdj demRik'knd o;Lds cu tkrk gSA bl izdkj dqiks"k.k,d Hk;adj ^VkbZe ce* gSA

D;k gS dqiks"k.k \;g ,d ,sl pØ gS ftlds paxqy esa

cPps viuh eka ds xHkZ esa gh Qal tkrs gSaA mudsthou dh fu;fr nqfu;k esa tUe ysus ds igys ghr; gks tkrh gSA ;g fu;fr fy[kh tkrh gSxjhch vkSj Hkq[kejh dh L;kgh lsA bldk <ax


L;kg mnkl gksrk gS vkSj fLFkfr xaHkhj gksus ijthou esa vk'kk dh fdj.kksa Hkh ugha iui ikrh gSaAdqiks"k.k ds ek;us gksrs gSa vk;q vkSj 'kjhj dsvuq:i i;kZIr 'kkjhfjd fodkl u gksuk] ,dLrj ds ckn ;g ekufld fodkl dh izfØ;k dksHkh vo:) djus yxrk gSA cgqr NksVs cPpksa[kklrkSj ij tUe ls ysdj 5 o"kZ dh vk;q rdds cPpksa dks Hkkstu ds tfj;s i;kZir iks"k.kvkgkj u feyus ds dkj.k muesa dqiks"k.k dhleL;k tUe ys ysrh gSA blds ifj.kke Lo:icPpksa esa jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk dk gkl gksrk gSvkSj NksVh&NksVh chekfj;ka mudh e`R;q dk dkj.kcu tkrh gSaA

dqiks"k.k okLro esa ?kjsyw [kk| vlqj{kk dklh/kk ifj.kke gSA lkekU; :i ls [kk| lqj{kk dkvFkZ gS lc rd [kk| dh igqap] gj le; [kk|dh igqap vkSj lfØ; vkSj LoLF; thou ds fy,i;kZIr [kkn~;A tc buesa ls ,d ;k lkjs ?kVdde gks tkrs gSa rks ifjokj [kkn~; vlqj{kk esa Mwctkrs gSA [kk| lqj{kk ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa vkSjizkFkfedrkvksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA Hkkjr dkmnkgj.k ys tgka ljdkj [kk|kUu ds <sj ijcSBrh gS ¼,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj ;fn cksfj;ksa dks,d ds Åij ,d j[kk tk, rks vki pkan rdiSny vk&tk ldrs gSa½A ij mi;qDr uhfr;ksa dsvHkko esa ;g t:jr eanksa rd ugha igqap ikrkgSA vukt Hk.Mkj.k ds vHkko esa lM+rk gS] pwgksa}kjk u"V gksrk gS ;k leqnzksa esa Mqck;k tkrk gSij tula[;k dk cM+k Hkkx Hkw[ks isV lksrk gSA

dqiks"k.k cPpksa dks lcls vf/kd izHkkfordjrk gSaA ;g tUe ;k mlls Hkh igys 'kq: gksrkgS vkSj 6 eghus ls 3 o"kZ dh vof/ esa rhozrk lsc<+rk gSA blds ifj.kke Lo:i o`f) ckf/krk]e`R;q] de n{krk vkSj 15 ikbaV rd vkbZD;w dk

uqdlku gksrk gSA lcls Hk;adj ifj.kke blds}kjk tfur vkfFkZd uqdlku gksrk gSA dqiks"k.kds dkj.k ekuo mRikndrk 10&15 izfr'kr rdde gks tkrh gS tks ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dks5&10 izfr'kr rd de dj ldrk gSA dqiks"k.kds dkj.k cM+h rknkn esa cPps Ldwy NksM+ nsrs gSaAdqiksf"kr cPps ?kVh gqbZ fl[kus dh {kerk dsdkj.k [kqn dks Ldwy esa jksd ugha ikrsA Ldwy lsckgj os lkekftd mis{kk rFkk ?kVh gqbZ dekÅ{kerk rFkk thou i;Zar 'kks"k.k ds f'kdkj gkstkrs gSaA bl dkj.k cM+h la[;k esa cPpsa ckyJfed ;k cky oS';ko`fRr ds fy, etcwj gkstkrs gSaA cM+s gksus ij os vdq'ky etnwjksa dhyEch drkj esa tqM+ tkrs gSa tks jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkkij Hkkjrh cks> curk gSA

dqiks"k.k tUe ;k mlls Hkh igys 'kq: gksrkgS vkSj 6 ekg ls 3 o"kZ dh vof/k esa rhozrk lsc<+rk gSA 6 ekg ls 3 o"kZ dh mez esa cPps ds fy,eka dk nw/k i;kZIr ugha gksrkA cPpk [kqn [kk ikus;k ekax ikus esa vleFkZ gksrk gSA mldks ckj&ckjuje Hkkstu dh t:jr gksrh gS tks mls dksbZo;Ld gh f[kyk ldrk gSA ekrkvksa dks vthfodkdekus ds lkFk&lkfk vkSj Hkh dbZ ?kjsyw dkedjus iM+rs gSa tSls& idkuk] ikuh] ykuk] lQkbZdjuk vkfnA muesa bruh ÅtkZ ;k le; ughacprk fd og cPps dks ckj&ckj f[kyk ldsAifjokj esa Hkh vU; o;Ld bls flQZ ek¡ dhftEesnkjh le>rs gSaA cpiu esa dqiksf"kr cPps dksckn esa lq/kkj dh laHkkouk cgqr de gksrh gSA e/;kUg Hkkstu] Nk=o`fRr] cky Jfedksa ds fy,fo'ks"k Ldwy vkfn lgk;d rks gS fdUrq igys 6o"kksZa ds uqdlku dh HkjikbZ ugha dj ldrsAdqiks"k.k eq[;r% 6 :iksa esa utj vkrk gS tksØe'k% 1 tUe ds le; de otu] 2- cpiu esa


ckf/kr fodkl] 3- vYi jDrrk] 4- foVkfeu ,dh deh] 5- vk;ksfMu deh lacaf/kr fcekfj;ka] 6-eksVkikA

cPpksa esa dqiks"k.k eq[;r% nks izdkj dk gksrkgS % lw[ks okyk dqiks"k.k lwtu okyk dqiks"k.kdqiks"k.k ds lwpd

cPps dh mez ,oa ÅapkbZ ds vuq:i mldkotu de gksukA mlds gkFk&iSj irys vkSjdetksj gksuk vkSj isV c<+k gksukA cPps dks ckj&ckjlaØe.k gksuk vkSj chekj gksukA dqiks"k.k vkSjLokLFk ds laca/k 500 yk[k ls T;knk ,sls ifjokjgSa tks vfr xjhc dh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA bldkeryc ;g gS fd vk/kh vkcknh dks nks oDr dhjksVh Hkh ulhc ugha gks ikrh gSA ;g fl) gkspqdk gS fd i;kZIr Hkkstu ugha feyus ij 'kjhjdh jksxksa ls yM+us dh {kerk de gks tkrh gS vkSjog 'kh?kz gh chekfj;ksa dh pisV esa vk tkrk gSAtUe ds le; <kbZ fdyks ls de otu gksus ijcPps ds cgqr de mez esa ejus dh laHkkouk rhuxquk c<+ tkrh gSA tcfd tgka dqiks"k.k T;knkgksrk gS ogka [kljk ls gksus okyh ekSrksa dh njlkekU; ls pkj lkS xquk T;knk gksrh gSA

3 o"kZ iwoZ jk"Vªh; iks"k.k laLFkku }kjk fd;sx;s v/;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd e/;izns'kHkkjr esa dqiks"k.k dk lcls T;knk f'kdkj jkT;gS vkSj ;gka cPpksa dh jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk cgqr{kh.k gks pqdh gSA dqiksf"kr cPpksa ij nLr dkizdksi lkekU; ls 4 xquk vf/kd gksrk gSA [kwudh deh dh f'kdkj vkSjarksa esa ekr`Ro lEcU/khekSrsa LoLF; vkSjrksa dh rqyuk esa ikap xquk T;knkgksrh gSaA v/;;uksa ls irk pyrk gS fd dqyejhtksa esa ls djhc rhu&pkSFkkbZ dh :X.krk dkdkj.k dqiks"k.k ;k mlls tqM+h vU; fnDdrs gksldrh gSaA

cPpksa esa dqiks"k.k ds dkj.k ,d nq"pØ 'kq:gks tkrk gSA tks cPps blds paxqy esa Qal tkrsgSa os nLr] [kljk] dqdj[kkalh] Vhch] vkSj fueksfu;ktSls laØked jksxksa dh pisV esa vk tkrs gSaAdqiksf"kr cPpksa esa ;s chekfj;ka T;knk xaHkhj gksrhgSa vkSj mudh vof/k yEch gksus dh laHkkoukcgqr T;knk gksrh gSA nLr dh leL;k ls dqiks"k.kdh xaHkhjrk dks lgh <ax ls le>k tk ldrk gSaoSls rks nLr ,d lkekU; chekjh gS ftlds ckjsesa ekuk tkrk Fkk fd ikuh esa xanxh ds dkj.k ;gchekjh QSyrh gS ijUrq ckn esa irk pyk fd nLrdk le; nw/k NqM+kus dh vof/k ls esy [kkrk gSA;g vof/k cPpksa dks rjy vkgkj nsus ls ysdjLruiku lekIr gksus ds rhu eghus ckn rdpyrh gSA ;gh og le; gksrk gS tc vke rkSjij cPps dqiks"k.k ds f'kdkj gksrs gSA ;g Hkh ns[kkx;k gS fd nw/k NqM+kus esa nLr ds rhu xquk vf/kd f'kdkj gksrs gSaA de iksf"kr cPps nLr ds vf/kd f'kdkj D;ksa gksrs gSa] tc bldk tSfod v/;;u fd;k x;k rks irk pyk fd cPpksa dh NksVhvkar dh van:uh lrg ij izfrjks/kd {kerk degksus ds dkj.k cSDVhfj;k dh la[;k c<+ tkrh gSAbu cSfDVfj;k ds dkj.k mRiUu tgjhys inkFkksZals lksfM;e dks lks[kus dh izfØ;k /kheh iM+tkrh gSA cPpk bls lgu ugha dj ikrk gS vkSjnLr dh leL;k tUe ys ysrh gSA ;g ik;k x;kgS fd nLr ds nkSjku cPpk izfrfnu 600 dSykjhrd xaok ldrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa de iksf"krcPps dh fLFkfr rks vkSj Hkh T;knk [kjkc gkstkrh gSA egkjk"Vª esa fd;s x;s ,d v/;;u lsirk pyk gS fd dqiks"k.k Lo;a Hkh jksxksa vkSj e`R;qdk cM+k dkj.k gSA ogka dqiks"k.k vkSj ,uhfe;k31-9 izfr'kr czksadksU;weksfu;k 21-3 izfr'kr] vka='kksFk20-2 izfr'kr e`R;q ds lcls cM+s dkj.k FksA


blh rjg tUe ds le; de otu thouHkj dh vLoLFkrk dk cM+k dkj.k gksrk gSAxHkkZoLFkk ds le; mfpr vkgkj u feyus vkSjvc ?kjsyw fgalk dh f'kdkj gksus ds dkj.k efgykvksads lkFk&lkFk cPpksa dh fLFkfr Hkh [kjkc gks jghgSA L=h ds izfr ?kjsyw fgalk ds dkj.k cPpksa esaLuk;q ra= ls lEcfU/kr jksxksa dks izfr'kr c<+k gSAjk"Vªh; iks"k.k laLFkku dh ,d jiV ds vuqlkj oslHkh cPps ftudk le; de otu ds dkj.k ghgksrh gSA blh rjg detksjh ds dkj.k cPpksa ijrisfnd ¼Vhch½ tSl laØked jksxksa ds c<+rs izHkkodks Hkh Li"V :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

[kljs ds lanHkZ esa xjhch vkSj dqiks"k.kds ijLij lEcU/kksa dks T;knk Li"V fd;k x;kgSA ;g ,d vke jksx gS vkSj dHkh gh tkuysoklkfcr gksrk gS ijUrq xjhch esa ;g vDlj tkuysokgksrk gSA tc ;g jksx gksrk gS rc cq[kkj vkSj[kkalh gksrh gS] pkSFks fnu Ropk ij yky nkusfn[kus yxrs gSaA bykt gksus ij nlosa fnu rd;g nkus Bhd gks tkrs gSaA ijUrq dqiksf"kr cPpsds lanHkZ esa [kljk nwljk gh :i fn[kkrk gSA mucPpksa esa ykynkus c<+ dj pdRrks dk :i ysysrs gSa vkSj mudk jax cSaxuh rd gks tkrk gSAdqN fnuksa esa Ropk iiM+hnkj gks tkrh gS vkSj>M+us yxrh gSA peM+h ds >M+us dh ;g izfØ;kbl gn rd c<+ ldrh gS fd dqiksf"kr cPps dksI;ksMekZ uked Nwr dh chekjh gks tkrh gSA cPpsdks czksUdkbfVl vkSj fueksfu;k Hkh gks ldrk gSAv/;;uksa ls irk pyrk gS fd de iksf"kr cPpsds fy;s [kljs ds dkj.k e`R;q dk [krjk 400xquk T;knk gksrk gSA ge ;fn ;g Hkh Lohdkjdj jgs gSa fd xkaoksa esa nLr] [kkalh] fueksfu;k]cq[kkj vkSj Vhch ds dkj.k cPps ej jgs gSa rksbldk vFkZ ;g gS fd bu dkj.kksa dh cqfu;kn esa

Hkq[kejh ls mRiUu gqvk dqiks"k.k gh gS] vkSj dqNughaA

e/;izns'k esa dqiks"k.ktgka rd e/;izns'k dk lanHkZ gS dqiks"k.k dh

fLFkfr dkQh fparktud gSA ljdkjh vkadM+ksa dsvuqlkj 55 izfr'kr cPps de otu ds gS vkSj 55izfr'kr cPpksa dh ekSrs dqiks"k.k ds dkj.k gksrhgSA ¼L=ksr&;wfulsQ vkSj efgyk ,oa cky fodklfoHkkx ds izdk'ku&cky lathouh ds vuqlkj½dqN vkSj egRoiw.kZ fcanq gS tSls e/;izns'k esa ns'kesa lokZf/kd de otu ds cPps gSa vkSj ;g fLFkfr1990 ls ;Fkkor gSA

e/;izns'k esa cPpksa dh fLFkfrdqiks"k.k dh nj 64 izfr'kr ls c<+dj 76

izfr'kr gks x;h gSA ¼1 ls 3 o"kZ½ 3 o"kZ dh vk;qds cPpksa esa 4 esa ls 3 cPps vuhfe;k ls xzflr gSaA5 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds cPpksa esa 1000 esa ls 4 cPpsjrkS/kh ls xzflr gSA lzksr& efgyk ,oa ckyfodkl foHkkx e-iz-@;qfulsQ HkksikyA

dqiks"k.k dh e/;izns'k dh ,d xaHkhj tuLokfL;u leL;k gS

lkjs jkT;ksa esa ls lokZf/kd de otu dscPps ;gka ij gSaA lokZf/kd de otu ds cPpksadh la[;k lu~ 1990 ls cnyh ughaA dqiks"k.kfodkl vkSj lh[kus dh {kerk ds fy, ,d [krjkgSA cPpksa esa dqiks"k.k dh fLFkfr jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij Hkkjh cks> gSA lzksr&efgyk ,oa ckyfodkl foHkkx e-iz-@;qfulsQ Hkksiky

dqiks"k.k fu;a=.k ij izLrkfor igyizksVhu dSyksjh dqiks"k.k ejkLel 'kjhj ds

vkdkj esa o`f) :duk vkSj 'kjhj csdkj gskukvkSj Dokf'k;ksjdksj vkerkSj ij ,d lky rd dsmez ds cPpksa esa gksrh gSA ml le; cPpksa dks


Lruiku ls vyx dj izksVhu dh deh okykiks"k.k EkkaM ;k phuh ikuh dk ?kksy fn;k tkrkgSA oSls ;g chekjh cPpksa ds o`f dky esa dHkh Hkhgks ldrh gSA ejkLel Ng ls 18 eghus dh mezds oSls cPpksa dks gksrh gS] ftUgsa Lruiku lsoafpr fd;k tkrk gS ;k Mk;fj;k dh xaHkhjchekjh gksrh gSA

ladsr o y{k.kxaHkhj ihlh,e ls xzLr cPps viuh mez ls

de fn[krs gSa] 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld :i lsdetksj rFkk ladze.k ls izfr csgn laosnu'khygksrs gSA mUgsa ,uksjsfDl;k vksj Mk;fj;k tSlhchekjh ges'kk ?ksjs jgrh gSA ihlh,e ls xaHkhj :ils ihfM+r cPps NksVs] lqLr vkSj :[kh Ropk okysgksrs gSaA vkSj cky dr laa[;k esa rFkk Hkwjs ;kyky ihys gksrs gSA muds 'kjhj dk rkiekuges'kk de jgrk gS] uCt dh xfr /kheh gksrh gSvkSj lkal ysus dh j¶rkj Hkh de jgrh gSA ,slscPps detkj] xqLlSy vkSj ges'kk Hkw[ks gksrs gSaa]gkykafd muesa th fepykus vkSj mYVh ds lkFkvip; dh f'kdk;r gks ldrh gSA

ekjkLel ds foijhr Dokf'k;ksdj esa ejht ds'kjhj ds vkdkj esa of rks gksrh gS] ysfdu Ropklw[krh tkrh gS] muesa Hkh ejkLel tSls y{k.k gksrsgS vkSj muds 'kjhj dh Ropk csdkj gksus yxrh gSrFkk os Øfed <ax ls lqLr iM+rs tkrs gSA

iks"k.k laca/kh dehtc fdlh O;fDr dk iks"k.k U;wure

vuq'kakflr t:jrska ls yxkrkj de gksrk gS] rksog dqiks"k.k laca/kkh deh dk f'kdkj gks tkrk gSAfo'o LokLF; laxBu ds vuqlkj 10 ls 19 lkyrd ds cPpksa esa ;g chekjh iwjh nqfu;k esa vke gSA

foVkfeu ch 1Fkk;feu ;k foVkfeu ch 1] ikuh es ?kqyu'khr

foVkfeu gS] tks ÅtkZ mRiknu ,Mhuksflu VªkbZQkLQsV ds la'ys"k.k vkSj ulksa ds QSyus ls curhgS ,Vhih ekuo 'kjkhj }kjk dkek fd;s tkus dhÅtkZ iznku djus dk izeq[k lzksr gS esa egRoiw.kZHkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA Fkk;feu iksdZ] ysX;we vkSj tksesa izpqj ek=k esa ik;k tkrk gS blds foijhrvjok pkoy] lQsn vkVk] ifj"d`r phuh] olkvkSj rsy esa ;g ugha ikk tkrk gSA tks yksx vf/kd ek=k esa ,Ydksgy dk lsou djrs gSa ;k vk/kqfud thou 'kSyh esa jgrs gSa] mUgsa Fkk;feu dhdeh dk [krjk jgrk gSA ,ssls ykxksa esa [kfutksadh deh Hkh vke gSA

csjh csjh uked chekjh Fkk;feu dh deh dkmnkgj.k gSA blds y{k.kksa esa Luk;q ra= dkvlkekU; gksuk] ikao esa eksp ;k ekalisf'k;ka dkdetksj gksuk] ckag esa lwtu] uCt dh xfr rstgksuk rFkk ân; xfr :duk 'kkfey gSA ofuZddkslkZdksQ flaMªkse blesa tqM+h ,d fLFkfr gS]ftlesa csgks'kh vlkekU; ckrphr vkSj Lej.k 'kfDrdetksj gks tkrh gSA ;g vkerkSj ij ,Ydksgyysusokyksa dks gksrh gSA

foVkfeu ch 3isysxzk iks"k.k dh deh ;k fu;klhu vFkok

vehuks ,flM fVªIVksQsu ysus essa foQyrk ls gksusokyh,d chekjh gSA isysxzk dk vFkZ gS [kqjnjh RopkAblds Yk{k.k rhu gSa] ;kuh Mhesafl;k] MjesVkbfVl]vkSj Mk;fj;kA

[kfut dh deh] dSfY'k;e vkSjfoVkfeu Mh

vksfLV;ksiksjksfll] tks gfÏ;ksa dks detksjdjus dh chekjh gS] dqiks"k.k ds dkj.k gfÏ;ksa dsk


izHkkfor djusokyh lcls vke chekjh gSA gfÏ;ksadks izHkkfor djusokyh lcls vke chekjh gSaAgfÏ;ksa dh etcwrh 35 lky dh mez rd c<+rhgS] mlls vf/kd xfr ls njdus yxrh gS] ftllsgfÏ;ka detksj gksrh tkrh gSa vkSj dSfY'k;e dhdeh gks tkrh gS efgykvksa ds fy, mez lacaf/krbl chekjh ds vkykok jtkfuo`fRr rFkk efgykgkekZsu dh deh ds dkj.k gfÏ;ks es detksjh iSnkgksus yxrh gSA vksfLV;ksiksjskfll ls xzLr yksx30 ls 40 izfr'kr rd dSfY'k;e dh deh >syrsgSa] ftlds dkj.k mudh gfÏ;ka VwVus yxrh gSaA

vksfLV;ksiksjksfll ds fodkl ds dbZ dkj.kgksrs gSaA /kweziku] ,Ydksgy vksj vfu;fer thouds dkj.k ;g chekjh gksrh gSA mez vkSj fyax Hkhblds egRoiw.kZ dkjd gSaA ftu efgykvksa es,LVªkstu dh deh gksrh gS] mUgsa ;g chekjh gksusdk [krjk vf/kd gksrk gSA iq:"kksa dh gfÏ;kaefgykvksa ds eqdkcys vf/kd etcwr gksrh gSa]blfy, muesa ;g chekjh de gh gksrh gSA blesiztkfr dh Hkh Hkwfedk gSA

foVkfeu MhdHkh fjdsV~l dks ckY;koLFkk esa gksusokyh

vke chekjh dh laKk nh x;h FkhA lw[kk jksx lsxzLr cPpksa dh igpku Vs<s+ es<s+ iSj vkSj eqM+s?kqVus ls dh tk ldrh gSA blds dkj.k budh'kjhfjd cukoV cs<axh gksrh gSA lw[kk jksx fOkVkfeuMh dh deh ls gksrh gSA fodkl ds nkSjku ekuo'kjhj dh gfÏ;k dSfY'k;e] QkLQksjl vkSj foVkfeuMh ds la;ksx ls curh rFkk fodflr gksrh gSAdSfY'k;e vifjiDr gfÏ;kas esa tek jgrk gsA blizfØ;k dks dSfY'kfQds'ku dgk tkrk gSA bldsvifjiDo gÏh Øe'k% etcwr gksrh gS vSkj vkdkjxzg.k djrh gSA Hkkstu esa ekStwn dSfY'k;e dks

xzg.k djus 'ds fy, foVkfeu Mh dh t:jrgksrh gSA fjdsV~l esa bl foVkfeu dh deh dsdkj.k dSfY'k;e dh ek=k de gks tkrh gS vkSjgfÏ;ka fod`r gks tkrh gSA

foVkfeu Mh ,dek= ,slk foVkfeu gS]tks Hkkstu ls Hkh feyrk gS vkSj [kqn 'kjhj Hkhbldk mRiknu djrk gSA gkykafd foVkfeu Mhi'kqvksa dh pchZ] tS;s nw/k] iuhj] eNyh] vkSj ekalesa izpqj ek=k esa ik;k tkrk gS] ysfdu ;g 'kjhjdh vko';drk dk ek= 10 izfr'kr gh ns ikrkgSA 'ks"k 90 izfr'kr dk mRiknu 'kjhj [kqndjrk gSA leqfpr foVkfeu Mh ds fcuk 'kjhjHkkstu esa ekStwn dSfY'k;e dh ek= 10 ls15Qhlnh ek=k gh ys ldrk gSA blfy, foVkfeuMh] dSfY'k;e vkSj QkWLQsV dk larqyu gfÏ;ksa dsfodkl vksj j[kj[kko fo'ks"k dj cPpkssa ds fy,cgqr vko';d gSA ;g de cqtqxkZsa esa Hkh gksldrh gSA

foVkfeu , dh deh ls va/kkiuvPNh rjg ns[kus ds fy, foVkfeu , cgqr

t:jh gSA cPpksa esa foVkfeu , dh deh ls vk[kdh jks'kuh de iM+ tkrh gsSA ;fn ;g deh cgqrvf/kd gksrh gS rks blls LFkk;h va/kkiu Hkh gksldrk gSA gekjs ns'k esa gj lky 30 gtkj cPpsfoVkfeu , dh deh ds dkj.k v/ks gksrs gSAfoVkkfeu , dh deh ds y{k.k 5 lky dh vk;qes cPpksa esa vkf/kd ik;h tkrh gSA

foVkfeu , dh deh ds y{k.kfoVkfeu , dh deh ls cPpksa es va/ksiu

vpkudh ughsa gksrkA foVkfeu , dh deh dk;fn igys irk py tk;s] rks fovkfeu , ;qDrikSf"Vd Hkkstu ysdj bls jksdk tk ldrk gSA


foVkfeu , dh vR;f/kd deh ds Yk{k.kjrksa/kh bldk igyk y{k.k gSA jrkSa/kh ls

ihfM+r cPps de jks'kuh ;k va/ksjs esa ugh ns[kldrsA vka[kksa dk lQsn fgLlk lw[k tkrk gSvkSj bldh ped [kRe gks tkrh gS bu y{k.kksadh igpku gksus ij rRdky MkWDVj ls laidZdjsaA ;fn budk ughsa fd;k tk;s] rks ges'kk dsfy, va/kk gskus dk [krjk gksrk gSA

foVkfeu , dh deh jksdus ds mik;,slk Hkkstu ysa] ftues foVkfeu , vf/kd

gksA nw/k] vaMs] eNyh ds rsy vkfn esa foVkfeu ,vf/kd gksrk gSA iRrsnkj lCth] gjh lCth] xktj]iihrk vSkj vke tSls Qy Hkh vPNs lzksr gSAjk"Vªh; iks"k.k laLFkku]gSnjkckn }kjk fd;s x;s'kks/k ds vuqlkj 1 ls 5 lky rd ds cPpksa dksNg eghus esa ,d ckj ,d pEep foVkfeu ,lhji fiykus ls Hkh foVkfeu , dh deh ij dqNgn rd jksd yxk;h tk ldrh gSA

tc cPpksa dks Ng eghusa es ,d ckj foVkfeu, dh nok fiyk;h tkrh gS] rks ;g mudh vkaresa tek jgrk gS vkSj 'kjhj dks leqfpr ek=k esamiyC/k gksrk gSA gekjs ns' esa ;g flyflyk vHkhpy jgk gS] rkfd cPpksa dks foVkkfeu , dh dehds dkj.k gksusokrs va/ksiu ls cpk;k tk ldsAxHkZorh efgykvksa dks foVkfeu , ;qDr Hkkstuysuk pkfg,A blls f'k'kq dsk [kqn foVkfeu , dh[kqjkd feyrh gSA

c<+rs cPpksa ds fy, ikSf"Vd Hkkstu & c<+rscPpksa dks ikSf"Vd Hkkstu dh cgqr t:jr gksrhgSA cPpksa ds 'kjhj esa tc izksVhu vkSj dSyksjh dhdeh gksrh gS] rks muesa ejkLel vkSj Dokf'k;ksjdjtSlh chekfj;ka gksrh gSaSA esjkLel vkSj Dokf'k;ksjdjfdls gksrk gS ;g 1 ls 5 lky rd dh vk;q dscPps dks gksrk gSA

esjkLel ds y{k.k;g chekjh iSj esa lwtu ds LkkFk 'kq:

gksrh gS vkSj fQj gkFk rFkk 'kjhj Qwyus yxrkgSA Ropk [kqjnqjh gksrh gS] flj ij cky de gksrsgSa vkSj mudk jax yky Hkwjk gksrk gS ;g esjkLelds y{k.k gSa blls xzLr cPps chekjh vkSj FkdsFkds Uktj vkrs gSaSSA

Dokf'k;ksjdj ds y{k.kbl chekjh ls xzLr cPps detksj vkSj nqcys

gksrs gSaA cPpksa dks 'kq:vkrh fnuksa esa Mk;fj;k gksldRkk gSA mudh Ropk :[kh gksrh gSA

bu chekfj;ksa ls xzLr cPpksa ds bykt dsfy, lykg&cPpksa dks fu;fer :i ls dSyksjhvkSj izksVhu ;qDr ikSf"Vd Hkkstu nsaA cgqr vf/kdlaØfer cPpksa dks rRdky MkWDVj ls ikl ystk;saA esjkLel vkSj Dokf'k;ksjdj ls izHkkforcPpksa dk vkgkj jk"Vªh; iks"k.k laLFkku] gSnjkcknus fEkDl uked ikSf"Vd Hkkstu fodflr fd;kgS] ftlesa lHkh ikSf"Vd rRoksa dk feJ.k gSA ;gfeJ.k ?kj esa Hkh rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA

rkfydk Øekad 03ikS"Vd feJ.k es mi;ksx dh tkusokyh inkFkZ

Øekad [kkn~; inkFkZ xzke

1 Hkquk gqvk xsgwa 40

2 iÙksnkj lfCt;ka o vukt 16

3- ewaxQyh 10

4 tSxjh 20

bl feJ.k dks ihl ysa vkSj vPNh rjg feykysaA blesa 330 xzke dSyksjh vkSj 11 xzke izkVhu gksrkgSA bl feJ.k dks nw/k ;k ikuh ds lkFk f[kyk;saAejkLel ;k Dokf'k;ksjdj ls xzLr cPpksa dsk blsf[kyk dj bldk ijh{k.k fd;k x;kA


df"k dks vf/kd mRiknd cukuk rkfd csgrjiks"k.k miyC/k gks ldsA vk; o/kZu dk;ZØeksa dksxjhch ,oa dqiksf"krksa ds fy, vkSj vf/kd yf{krdjukA [kk|kUu ds njksa dks fu;af=r j[kukA[kk| vlqj{kk dh lrr fuxjkuh djukA efgykvkSj cPpksa dh ns[kjs[k

lekt vkSj ?kj esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk dksetcwr djukA LokLF; ty vkSj LoPNrk yksdLokLF; dk foLrkj djukA LokLF; lsokvksa dhxq.koRrk c<+ukA LokLF; lsokvksa ds lkFk iks"k.kdks Hkh lfEefyr djukA mfpr ek=k esa xq.koRrkiw.kZ iuh dh igqap c<+kukA vPNs Lrj dh LoPNrklqfuf'pr djukA vkfFkZd fodkl xjhch dedjus okyh vkfFkZd o`f) ds izHkko dks c<+kukAyksdra= dks c<+kok nsuk vkSj ekuo vf/kdkjksa dhj{kk djukA oS'ohdj.k ds [krjksa ls xjhcksa dhj{kk djuk vkSj mUgsa vf/kd volj vkSj n{krkiznku djukA dqiks"k.k fu;a=.k esa lesfdu ckyfodkl lsok dh Hkwfedk Hkkjr esa lesfdr ckyfodkl lsok ,d ek= dk;ZØe gS tks lh/ks dqiks"k.kfuokj.k ds fy;s ftEesnkj gSA ;g vkaxuokfM+;ksads ,d foLr`r usVodZ }kjk lapkfyr gksrk gSftlesa iwjd iks"k.k] Ldwy iwoZ f'k{kk vkSj LokLF;lsokvks dh cPpksa] xHkZofr ,oa /kk=h efgykvksavkSj dqiksf"kr ckfydkvksa rd igqapkuk visf{krgSA fdUrq vkaxuokfM+;ksa dh izHkkfork dbZ dkj.kksals ckf/kr gksrh gSA dsUnzksa dh vi;kZIr la[;k]de ekuns; izkIr vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ] 3 o"kZ lsde mez ds cPpksa ds fy;s >wyk/kj dh vumiyC/krk tSlh leL;k;sa /kjkry ij utj vkrh gSAo`gn Lrj ij jktuSfrd bPNk 'kfDr vkSj ctVizko/kku esa de izkFkfedrk bls izHkkfor djrhgSA orZeku esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk 3000djksM+ #i;ksa dk izko/kku ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk

1@10oka fgLlk Hkh ugha gSaA ;g rF; vkSj Li"Vgksrk gS tc ge bldh rqyuk j{kk ds fy;s fd;sx;s vkoaVu ls djrs gSaA ;fn laln esa cPpksa dsfy, mBk;s tkus okys iz'uksa dks ns[ks rks ;g nksuksalnuksa esa mBk;s x, iz'uksa dk ek= 3 izfr'krgksrk gSA vk'p;Z dh ckr ugha gS& cPps ernkrkugha gksrsA

e/;izns'k esa vkfnoklh {ks= esa ek= 49784vkaxuokM+h dsUnz gS tcfd okLrfod vko';drk1-10 yk[k dsUnzksa dh gSA blh izdkj 'kgjh {ks=ksaesa vc Hkh 16849 dsUnzksa dh t:jr gSA

dqiks"k.k bl izdkj ,d tfVy leL;k gSA?kjsyw [kk| lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djuk vko';d gSvkSj ;g rHkh laHko gS tc xjhc leFkZd uhfr;kacukbZ tk, rks dqiks"k.k vkSj Hkw[k dks lekIrdjus ds izfr yf{kr gksaA ge czkthy ls lh[kldrs gSaA tgka Hkw[k vkSj dqiks"k.k dks jk"Vªh;yTtk ekuk tkrk gSA orZeku oS'ohdj.k dsnkSj esa tgka xjhcksa ds dY;k.k dks utj vanktfd;k tkrk gS] [kk| vl:{kk c<+us ds vklkjutj vkrs gSaA ge fdlh izdkj ljdkj ds fu.kZ;dks Lohdkj dj ldrs gS tc og yk[kksa Vuvukt i'kq vkgkj ds fy, fu;kZr djrh gS vkSjegkjk"Vª vkSj e/;izns'k tSls jkT;ksa esa dqiks"k.kls ekSrksa dh ewd n'kZd cuh jgrh gSA vkt dsle; esa fdlkuksa dks [kk|kUu ls gVdj uxnhQlyksa ds mRiknu dks c<+kok nsus ds dkj.k[kk| ladV vkSj xgjk ldrk gS vkSj ns'k dksfQj ls [kk|kUuksa ds fy, nwljksa ij fuHkZj gksukiM+ ldrk gSA gky gh esa tuforj.k iz.kkyhdks lekIr djus ds ljdkj ds iz;kl bl vksjb'kkjk djrs gSaA

dqiks"k.k dk;ZØeksa vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa ls ugh:d ldrk gSA ,d etcwr tu leiZ.k vkSj


igy t:jh gSA tc rd [kk| lqj{kk ds fy;snwjxkeh uhfr;ka fu/kkZfjr u gks vkSj cPpksa dksuhfr fu/kkZj.k rFkk ctV vkoaVu esa izkFkfedrku nh tk, rks dqiks"k.k ds fuokj.k esa vf/kdizxfr laHko ugha gSA

lu~ 1975 esa ;g ekurs gq, fd dqiks"k.kvkSj lrr cjdkj jgus okyh Hkq[kejh dh fLFkfrdks feVkus fcuk Lo,L;~ lr mRikfnd vkSj lerkewyd lekt LFkkfir ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS]lefdr cky fodkl ifj;kstuk 'kq: dh xbZArc ,d O;kuid utfj;s dks vk/kkj cukdjvkaxuokM+h dk;ZØe dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZ FkhA,d yacs nkSj rd bl dk;ZØe dks nks;e ntsZdk egro fn;k tkrk jgk gSA 31 lky xqtj

x;s fdUrq cpiu dh Hkq[kejh dks lekIr ughafd;k tk ldkA

lanHkZ lzksr &1- nkl Vh-lh- ¼1945½ n iq#El] ,u vksYM dqdh

Vªkbc vkQ ef.kiqj bu ,aFkzksiksykWftdy isilZ];qfuoflZVh vkQ dydÙkkA

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3- ckykjRue~ ,y-ds- ¼1981½ lisZUV of'kZi bu dsjyk]eSu bu bf.M;k] [k.M 26A

4- clq] ,e-,u- ¼1957½ & eVsfj;y ,fDtLVsUlvkQ esu] dydÙkk ;wfuoflZVh iszl] dydÙkkA

5- fodhfiM;k -20176- nSfud HkkLdj if=dk 2017

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[ 132 ]

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* mebefJeoe meneÙekeâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ (jepeveerefleMeem$e), Ùecegvee Øemeeo Meem$eer ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, efmejceewj, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

Yeejle ceW ceefnueeDeeW keâes meowJe meJeexÛÛe mLeeve efoÙeeieÙee nw~ ÙeneB lekeâ keâne peelee nw efkeâ ceefnuee mece=efæ keâeJeeme neslee nw~ Jen megKe, Meebefle, je°êrÙe efvecee&Ce keâerØeef›eâÙee ceW Dence jnleer nw~ peye lekeâ Jen efJekeâeme keâer OeejeceW Deheveer meef›eâÙe Yetefcekeâe leLee Yeeieeroejer veneR efveYeeSbieerleye lekeâ osMe keâe meJeeËieerCe efJekeâeme mecYeJe veneR nw~

JeemleJe ceW hebÛeeÙeleer jepe JÙeJemLee keâe ØeejbYe keâye,kewâmes, keâneB mes ngDee? nce Ùen Jewefokeâ keâeue mes megveles-heÌ{les Dee jns nQ, hejvleg Yeejle ceW hebÛeeÙeleer jepe JÙeJemLeekeâe DeefmlelJe Gme meceÙe mes ceevee pee mekeâlee nw peye mes ÛeejJeCeeX—yeÇeÿeCe, #eef$eÙe, JewMÙe Deewj Metõ—keâer GlheefòengF&~ ‘hebÛeeÙeleer jepe’ keâe Meeefyokeâ DeLe& ‘heeBÛe ØeefleefveefOeÙeeWkesâ mecetn keâe Meemeve’~ Ùes heeBÛe ØeefleefveefOe yeÇeÿeCe, #eef$eÙe,JewMÙe, Metõ Deewj F&MJej nQ~ meYeer Ûeej JeCeeX kesâ ueesieF&MJej keâes mee#eer ceevekeâj jepe meecetefnkeâ efveCe&Ùe uesles Les~

Gmeer kesâ Devegmeej Meemeve neslee Lee efpemes hebÛeeÙeleerjepe veece efoÙee ieÙee~ Yeejle ceW 2 Dekeäštyej, 1959 keâeshenueer yeej hebÛeeÙeleer jepe jepemLeeve kesâ veeieesj ceW ueeiet keâer

ieÙeer~ Yeejle ves hebÛeeÙeleer jepe kesâ ceeOÙece mes ceefnueeDeeW keâerjepeveerefle ceW Yeeieeroejer yeÌ{eves nsleg 50 ØeefleMele meerš Jele&ceeveceW efJekesâvõerkeâjCe keâj ceefnueeDeeW keâes meMeòeâ yeveeves keâerefJeefYeVe ÙeespeveeSB yeveeÙeer ieÙeer~ nce ceefnueeDeeW kesâ Ùeesieoevekeâes meeceevÙe leewj hej efvecve Ûeej leòJeeW Éeje ceehe mekeâlesnQ—1. ØeyebOeve SJeb ØeMeemeve ceW Gvekeâer Yeeieeroejer keâe ØeefleMele~2. JÙeeJemeeefÙekeâ SJeb lekeâveerkeâer mesJeeDeeW ceW Gvekeâe Devegheele~3. mebmeo/efJeOeeve ceC[ueeW ceW ceefnueeDeeW keâer Yeeieeroejer

keâe DebMe~4. ceefnueeDeeW keâer Øeefle JÙeefòeâ Deeceoveer Deewj Gvekeâer

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ieefjcee pewmes GheyebOe Meeefceue keâj ceefnuee meMeefòeâkeâjCe keâeceeie& ØeMemle efkeâÙee~ 1971 ceW ßeerceleer Fefvoje ieeBOeer kesâmeceÙe henueer yeej mšsšdme Deeheâ Jetcewve keâcesšer keâe ie"veefkeâÙee ieÙee~ Fmeer meceÙe mebÙeesie mes 8 ceeÛe& keâes Devleje&°êrÙeceefnuee efoJeme ceveeves keâer Iees<eCee keâer ieÙeer~ 1975 hebÛeeÙeleerjepe JÙeJemLee ueeiet nesves kesâ henues ØeMve G"lee Lee efkeâ keäÙeeceefnueeSB ÛegveeJe ceW Yeeie uesves keâe meenme keâjsieer~ keäÙee SkeâeSkeâhebÛeeÙeleer cebÛeeW hej Gvcegòeâ Yee<eCe oWieer~ keäÙee Deheâmej MeenerMeemeve kesâ mece#e ieeBJe keâer mecemÙeeDeeW keâes jKesieer?

uesefkeâve Jele&ceeve ceW Fve ØeMveeW keâe peJeeye efceueÛegkeâe nw~ ceefnueeDeeW keâer meef›eâÙe Yeeieeroejer hebÛeeÙeleeW DeewjmLeeveerÙe efvekeâeÙeeW ceW yeÌ{leer pee jner nw~ Deepe ceefnueeSBhebÛeeÙele ÛegveeJe ueÌ[les meceÙe Ùen mebkeâuhe keâj ÛegveeJeueÌ[leer nQ efkeâ Jen Skeâ efJeÅeeueÙe ceneefJeÅeeueÙe heÌ{ves JeeueerueÌ[efkeâÙeeB Ùen leÙe keâj heÌ{eF& keâjleer nQ efkeâ Jen oefkeâÙeevetmeerueeueÛeer Deewj DeeOeeefjkeâ meceepe keâe efnmmee veneR yeveWieer~keâeÙe& #es$e kesâ efJeefYevve yew"keâeW ceW mJeÙeb yeÌ{-ÛeÌ{ keâj YeeieueWieer ve efkeâ Gvekesâ heefle Ùee mebyebOeer Deheves nmlee#ej nslegefkeâmeer keâes Iej ve yegueekeâj mJeÙeb Deheves keâeÙee&ueÙe ceW GheefmLeleneskeâj oeefÙelJe keâe efveJee&nve keâjWieer~ ceefnueeDeeW keâe ÙenerÙeesieoeve hebÛeeÙeleer jepe kesâ efueS Øeyeue jne nw~

73JeW mebMeesOeve ceW ceefnueeDeeW keâes DeefOekeâej Øeoevekeâjves keâer Iees<eCee Skeâ ceerue kesâ helLej kesâ meceeve nw~hebÛeeÙeleeW ceW ceefnueeDeeW menYeeefielee DeefveJeeÙe& nes ieÙeer nw~ceefnueeDeeW kesâ efueS Deej#eCe keâer Iees<eCee ØeejbYe Øeefleef›eâÙeeSkeâ lejheâ GòespeveeYejer leLee KegMeer Øeoeve keâjves Jeeueer nwDeewj otmejer lejheâ hejsMeeveer keâer yeele Ùen jner efkeâ hebÛeeÙelekesâ leerveeW mlejeW kesâ efueS ÛegveeJe kesâ meceÙe npeejeW DeewjueeKeeW ceefnueeDeeW keâes Keespeves keâer DeeJeMÙekeâlee nw~

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™he ceW~4. ØelÙeeefMeÙeeW kesâ ™he ceW Ùeesieoeve~5. hebÛeeÙeleer jepe mebmLeeDeeW kesâ efveJee&efÛele meomÙe kesâ

™he ceW~hebÛeeÙele jepe JÙeJemLee ceW peve menYeeefielee kesâ efueS

Deej#eCe efMe#ee leLee ØeefMe#eCe ceefnueeDeeW oeefÙelJe keâe yeesOekeâjeves keâer efJeMues<eCe keâer pe™jle nw~ cenelcee ieeBOeer peer keâe«eece mJejepe keâer keâuhevee meekeâeje keâjves ceW hebÛeeÙeleer jepeJÙeJemLee ceefnueeDeeW keâe cenlJehetCe& Ùeesieoeve jne nw~

mevoYe& «evLe1. cenelcee ieebOeer, hebÛeeÙele jepe, Gæle eEmen SJeb kegâceej,

«eeceerCe mLeeveerÙe mJe-Meemeve hetJeexòeâ, he=. 112. peJeenj ueeue vesn™, o jesue Dee@heâ hebÛeeÙele Fve FefC[Ùee,

S.DeeF&.meer.meer., vÙet efouueer 1957, he=. 43. nceejs DeefOekeâej–efJeefJeOe mee#ejlee SJeb ceefnueeSB, ceefnueeSB

meceeKÙee GòejebÛeue, mejmJeleer Øesme, osnjeotve-26541944. Ûeewneve Ghesvõ Gòej ØeosMe ceW «eece hebÛeeÙele ØeefleÙeesefielee

ohe&Ce, Je<e& 23(7), Deeieje-2001, he=. 44-46

jerJee efpeues ceW pevemebKÙee peveebefkeâkeâerÙe ØeJe=efòeÙeeB [e@. Sce.Sue. efleJeejer* meercee ogyes**

[ 134 ]

* ØeeOÙeehekeâ, mesJeeefveJe=òe, pevelee ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

** MeesOeeLeea, MeemekeâerÙe šer.Deej.Sme. ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

vk;q lajpuk tula[;k esa Je'kfDr dks fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA Hkkjr esa dk;Z'khy tula[;k dkvk;q oxZ 15&60 o"kZ ekuk tkrk gSA vk;q dsvuqlkj tula[;k dk foospu fo'ks"k egRo j[krkgSA blls bu vusd ckrksa ds laca/k esa tkudkjhizkIr gksrh gSA tSls fd f'k{kk&laLFkkvksa esa izos'kdjus okyksa dh la[;k] Je'kfDr dk vkdkjfookg&;ksX; vk;qokys O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k ns'k esaernkrkvksa dk vuqikr cq<s+ yksx vkfnA bl izdkjo;ewyd jpuk dk fookg vkSj e`R;qnj tula[;kds O;kolkf;d <k¡ps ij rFkk ns'k dh lkekftd,oa lkaLd`frd fØ;kvksa ij Hkh izR;{k izHkko iM+rkgSA vLrq vk;q&Js.kh dh n`f"V ls fdlh ns'k dhtula[;k ds fo'ys"k.k dk egRo Li"V gSA

1981 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa0&14 o"kZ rd ds vk;q&oxZ ds cPpksa dk vuqikr40 izfr'kr] 15&59 o"kZ rd ds vk;q&oxZ dsO;fDr;ksa dk vuqikr 54 izfr'kr rFkk 60 o"kZ dkvkSj mlls Åij ds vk;q&oxZ dk vuqikr 6izfr'kr ds yxHkx FkkA Li"V gS fd ns'k dhtula[;k esa ckydksa dk vuqikr cgqr vf/kd gSAfodflr ns'kksa esa ckydksa dk ;g vuqikr 20 ls25 izfr'kr ds chp gqvk djrk gSA Hkkjr esa cky

tula[;k ds vf/kd vuqikr dk ewydkj.k Å¡phtUe nj gSA gky esa f'k'kq&ej.k esa deh vk tkusds QyLo:i Hkh cky tula[;k esa o`f) gqbZ gSAHkkjr esa f'k'kq&ej.knj 1951 esa 183 izfr gtkjFkhA tks ?kVdj 1981 esa 114 izfr gtkj vkSj1991 esa dsoy 78 izfr gtkj jg xbZ FkhA

ckydksa dh ;g vf/kdrk oLrqr% vuqRikndmiHkksDrkvksa dh vf/kdrk dk lwpd gSA blls;g ckr dk cks/k gksrk gS fd ns'k dh dk;Z'khytula[;k ij vkfJrksa dh la[;k vis{kkd`r vf/kd gSA lkFk gh ;g o/kZu'khy tula[;k dk Hkhifjpk;d gS&izks0 lSaM oxZ ds vuqlkj ;fn dqytula[;k esa cky&tula[;k dk vuqikr 40izfr'kr ds yxHkx gS rks og rsth ls c<+us okyhtula[;k gksxhA blds foijhr ;fn ;g 20izfr'kr ds yxHkx gS rks tula[;k dh izo`fÙk?kVus dh vksj gksxhA vkSj ;fn vuqikr 30 izfr'krds vklikl gS rks tula[;k esa fLFkjrk dh fLFkfrikbZ tk,xhA Hkkjr esa ;g vuqikr 40 ds yxHkxgS ;g bl ckr dk ladsrd gS fd ns'k dhtula[;k orZeku tula[;k ds vuq:i gSA

gky ds o"kksZa esa tUe vkSj e`R;q&nj ,oaizR;kf'kr vk;q esa ifjorZuksa ds dkj.k o;ewyd

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jpuk esa ifjorZu vk;kA vkSj Hkfo"; esa vf/kd

rsth ls ifjorZu vkus dh laHkkouk gSA vuqeku gS

fd 0-14 o"kZ rd ds vk;q oxZ ds cPpksa dk

vuqikr 1981 esa 40 izfr'kr ls ?kVdj 1992 esa

35-6 izfr'kr jg x;kA vk'kk gS fd ;g vuqikr

vkSj fxjdj 2000 rd 32-7 izfr'kr jg x;kA

blds foijhr dk;Zdkjh&vk;q oxZ 15-59 o"kZ ds

yksxksa dk vuqikr c<+sxkA ;g vuqikr tks 57-7

izfr'kr ls c<+dj 2000 esa 59-8 izfr'kr vkSj

2007 esa 62-3 izfr'kr gks x;kA blds QyLo:i

ns'k esa vkfJrksa ds vuqikr esa deh vk,xhA vkfJrksa

ds bl vuqikr esa deh gksus ls thou&Lrj vkSj

cpu&{kerk ij vuqdwy izHkko iM+sxkA lkFk gh

ns'k esa Ldwy&f'k{kk QSykus dk dke de nq"dj

gks ldsxkA bl izdkj tula[;k o`f) dks lhfer

djus ds vfrfjDr tUe&nj esa deh ykuk] vkfJrksa

ds vuqikr dks ?kVkus ,oa Ldwy&f'k{kk dh lqfo/

kkvksa esa ncko dks de djus dh n`f"V ls Hkh fo'ks"k

egRo j[krk gSA dk;Zdkjh vk;q&oxZ ds yksxksa ds

vuqikr esa o`f) gksus ls gesa jkstxkj&voljksa ds

ltu esa vkSj rsth ykuh gksxhA vU;Fkk csjkstxkjh

dh leL;kA vkSj my> tk,xhA 60 o"kZ ls Åij

vk;q okys cw<s yksxksa dk vuqikr Hkh c<+sxkA ;g

vuqikr tks 1992 esa 6-6 izfr'kr FkkA og c<+dj

2000 esa 7-5 izfr'kr vkSj 2007 esa 8-3 izfr'kr gks

ysxkA

vr% gesa cw<s yksxksa dh ns[k&Hkky dh vksj

vf/kd /;ku nsuk gksxkA fo'ks"k :i ls bl dkj.k

fd vk/kqfudhdj.k vkSj 'kgjhdj.k ds izHkko ls

la;qDr ifjokj iz.kkyh dk vk/kkj vkSj detksj

gksrk tk jgk gSA

tula[;k o izR;kf'kr vk;q %&tula[;k dh mÙkerk fdlh Hkh ns'k dh ,d

egRoiw.kZ tukafddh fo'ks"krk gSA tksfd yksxksa dh

thou izR;k'kk ,oa lk{kjrk dh n`f"V ls ns[kh tk

ldrh gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k ds yksx tUe ds le;

ls thfor jgus ds fy, ftrus le; dh vk'kk

j[krs gSaA mls thou izR;k'kk dgk tkrk gSA

fdlh Hkh ns'k esa izR;kf'kr vk;q eq[; :i ls

e`R;qnj ,oa e`R;q ds le; dh vk;q ij fuHkZj

gksrh gSA ;fn de mez esa e`R;qnj de rFkk e`R;q

ds le; yksxksa dh vk;q vf/kd gSA rks izR;kf'kr

vk;q vf/kd gksxhA Hkkjr esa thou Lrj fuEu

gksus ds dkj.k yksxksa dks ikSf"Vd Hkkstu ugha fey

ikrk ftlds QyLo:i laØked chekfj;ksa ls

xzLr gks tkrs gSaA cPps dqiks"k.k ds dkj.k f'k'kq

voLFkk esa gh e`R;q dks izkIr gks tkrs gSaA blh

izdkj efgykvksa esa izlwfr dky esa e`R;q&nj vf/

kd gksrh gSA ijUrq vc /khjs&/khjs LokLF;]

thou&Lrj cky] LokLF; ,oa izlwfr lsokvksa esa

foLrkj ls cky e`R;qnj esa deh vk;h gSA ftlls

thou&izR;klk esa o`f) gks jgh gSA

1901&1911 dh vof/k esa thou izR;k'kk

22-9 o"kZ Fkh tks fd 1971&81 dh vof/k esa

c<+dj 53-6 o"kZ vkSj 1991&92 esa 58-2 o"kZ gks

x;hA blh izdkj 1996&2001 dh vof/k esa c<+dj

53-6 o"kZ vkSj 1991&92 esa 58-2 o"kZ gks x;hA

blh izdkj 1996&2001 dh vof/k esa iq#"kksa

dh izR;kf'kr vk;q 62-3 rFkk efgykvksa dh 65-3

o"kZ gks x;h rFkk ;g vuqeku yxk;k x;k fd o"kZ

2006 ,oa 2011 esa iq#"kksa ,oa efgykvksa dh izR;kf'kr

vk;q Øe'k% 63-8 ,oa 66-9 rFkk 65-6 ,oa 67-7 gks

tk,xhA


lkj.kh&Øekad&1Hkkjr esa thou izR;k'kk ¼o"kZ esa½

vof/k iq#"k efgyk ;ksx

1901&1911 22-6 23-3 22-9

1911&1921 19-4 20-9 20-1

1921&1931 26-9 26-6 26-8

1931&1941 32-1 31-4 31-8

1941&1951 32-5 31-7 32-1

1951&1961 41-9 40-6 41-3

1961&1971 47-1 45-6 46-4

1971&1981 54-0 53-0 53-5

1991&1992 57-7 58-7 58-2

1996&2001 62-3 65-2 63-7

2001&2006 63-8 66-9 65-3

2006&2011 65-9 67-7 66-8

fo'ocSad izfrosnu 2000&01 ds vuqlkj o"kZ1998 esa tUe ysus okyksa dh vkSlr izR;kf'krvk;q Hkkjr esa iq#"kksa dh 62 o"kZ ,oa efgykvksa dh64 o"kZ crk;h x;h gSA tcfd Ýkal] Lisu] tkikurFkk LohMu vkfn ns'kksa esa izR;kf'kr vk;q iq#"k,oa efgykvksa dh 75 o"kZ ls 85 o"kZ ds chp gSijUrq nwljh vksj HkwVku] ;wFkksfi;k ,oa vaxksyktSls ns'kksa dh vkSlr izR;kf'kr vk;q 42 ls 48 o"kZds chp gSA

tula[;k o lk{kjrk %&fdlh Hkh ns'k esa ogk¡ dh dq'ky ,oa lk{kj

ekuo'kfDr vFkZO;oLFkk dks izHkkfor djrh gSaAlk{kjrk ,oa rduhdh Kku tula[;k dh thoumÙkerk dk vU; egRoiw.kZ igyw gSA lk{kjrk ,oans'k ds lektfFkZd fodkl esa /kukRed lg&laca/k gSA tux.kuk dh n`f"V ls ogh O;fDr lk{kj

ekuk tkrk gSA tks Lo&foosd ls fdlh Hkk"kk dksi<+&fy[k ldsA bl ifjHkk"kk ds vuqlkj i<+uk,oa fy[kuk nksuksa vko';d gSA Lora= Hkkjr esalk{kjrk ds izfr fd;s x;s vFkd iz;klksa dsckotwn Hkh lk{kjrk dk vuqikr vHkh Hkh cgqrde gSA

lk{kjrk %&tula[;k ls tqM+k ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ fo"k;

lk{kjrk dh nj gSA Hkkjr ds lk{kjrk nj esafiNys n'kdksa ls lrr~ o`f) gqbZ gSA

1951 esa Hkkjr dh lk{kjrk nj 18-33 izfr'krFkh] ogha ;g 2001 esa c<+dj 64-8 izfr'kr gksx;h 2011 ds vafre vk¡dM+s ds vuqlkj lk{kjrk8-16 ¼1951½ ls c<+dj 73-0 gks xbZ gSA tgk¡lk{kjrk nj esa 8-16 izfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ gSAogh lk{kj tula[;k esa 2001 dh rqyuk esa o"kZ2011 esa 36-15 izfr'kr dh o`f) ns[kh xbZ] iq#"kksaesa lk{kjrk nj 80-9 izfr'kr gSA ogha efgykvksa esa64-6 izfr'kr gSA

L=h&iq#"kksa ds chp lk{kjrk laca/kh ;g vuqikrcgqr gh Li"V gSA

lk{kjrk nj %&7 o"kZ vkSj mlls vf/kd vk;q okyh dqy

tula[;k esa lk{kjksa ds izfr'kr dks tula[;k dhlk{kjrk nj dgrs gSaA

= 1007

mee#eje sW keâe r mebKÙeemee#ejlee - oj

DeeÙeg Jeeuee r pevemebKÙee

lk{kjrk&nj %&fdlh ns'k dh tula[;k dk xq.kkRed igyw

cM+h lhek rd lk{kjrk ds Lrj ij fuHkZj djrkgSA lk{kj tula[;k dk vuqikr ftruk vf/kdgksxk] ns'k ds vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fodkl esa


Li"Vr% mruh gh vf/kd lqfo/kk fey ldsxhAfuj{kjrk gj {ks= ;k dk;ZØe esa ck/kd gSA pkgsog ifjokj&fu;kstu ;k iapk;rh jkt dh ldqfprLFkkiuk ds dk;Z dks ysaA vFkok vU; fdlh izdkjds fodkl ;k lq/kkj laca/kh dk;ZØe dks ysaA bln`f"V ls ns'k dh fLFkfr cgqr vlarkstud BgjrhgSA 1991 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj lkr o"kZ vkSjmlds Åij vk;q okys O;fDr;ksa dks ysrs gq,Ans'k esa lk{kjrk dh nj 52 izfr'kr gSA bl izdkjyxHkx vk/kh tula[;k fuj{kj gSA blds foijhrvejhdk] baXySM+] vkLVªsfy;k vkfn ns'kksa esa yxHkx'kr&izfr'kr yksx lk{kj gSaA gk¡ ;g ckr vo';gS fd ns'k esa b/kj dqN le; ls lk{kjrk dh njc<+rh jgh gSA fiNyh tux.kukvksa esa ikap o"kZvkSj mlls vf/kd vk;q okys O;fDr;ksa dks fy;kx;k FkkA bl vk/kkj ij lk{kjrk dh nj 1951 esa18 izfr'kr] 1961 esa 28 izfr'kr vkSj 1981 esa 41izfr'kr FkhA bl izdkj fiNys 40 o"kksZa esa lk{kjrknj yxHkx rhu xquh gks xbZ gSA

xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh nksuksa {ks=ksa esa L=h&lk{kjrkdh nj iq#"k&lk{kjrk ls de ikbZ tkrh gSAmnkgj.k ds fy,&1981 esa iq#"k&lk{kjrk dhnj 46-9 izfr'kr FkhA ;g nj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa 40-8 izfr'kr vkSj 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa 65-8 izfr'kr FkhAml o"kZ ns'k esa L=h&lk{kjrk dh dqynj 24-8izfr'kr FkhA ;g nj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fy, 17-9izfr'kr vkSj 'kgjksa ds fy, 47-8 izfr'kr FkhAxkao vkSj 'kgj rFkk fL=;ksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds laca/k esagh ugha cfYd ns'k ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa Hkh lk{kjrkdh njksa esa Hkkjh varj ik;k tkrk gSA 1991 dhtux.kuk ds vuqlkj lk{kjrk dk Lrj dsjy esalcls vf/kd gSA 90 izfr'kr vkSj jktLFkku ,oa

fcgkj esa lcls de 38 izfr'kr bl n`f"V lstEew&d'ehj] e/;izns'k ds jhok ftyk] v:.kkapyizns'k vkSj mRrjizns'k Hkh dkQh ihNs Bgjrs gSaA

ns'k ds vkfFkZd o lkekftd fodkl ds fy,lk{kjrk dk rsth ls foLrkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,Afo'ks"k :i ls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ,oa mu jkT;ksa esa tgk¡lk{kjrk dk Lrj vis{kkd`r cgqr uhpk gSAL=h&lk{kjrk ds foLrkj dh vksj Hkh fo'ks"k /;kunsus dh vko';drk gSA blds fy, ;gh vko';dugha gS fd vf/kd /ku&jkf'k dh O;oLFkk dhtk,A cfYd f'k{kk&uhfr esa Hkh ifjorZu t:jhgSA ;g uhfr bl izdkj dh gksuh pkfg, fdizkFkfed f'k{kk lcdks fey ldsA

lanHkZ lzksr %&1- pkSgku Jh f'kojkt flag] eq[;ea=h e0iz0 'kklu]

e0iz0 esa f'k'kq fyaxkuqikr&LVkj lekpkj 30flrEcj 2011

2- pkSgku Jh f'kojkt flag] eq[ea=h e0iz0 'kklu]csVh gS rks dy gS csVh cpkvks vfHk;ku jkstxkjvkSj fuekZ.k] 17@10@2001 ls 23@10@2011

3- lkaf[;dh; foHkkx& e0iz0 'kklu] L=h] iq#"kfyaxkuqikr 2001 ls 2011 rd

4- nRr xkSjo o egktu vf'ouh& Hkkjrh;vFkZO;oLFkk] 51 laLdj.k] ,l0pkan ,.M dEiuh]izk0 fy0 jkeuxj ubZ fnYyh

5- frokjh MkW0 lat;] xzkeh.k fodkl%&ljdkj dhfofo/k ;kstuk,¡ vksesxk ifCyds'ku] nfj;kxatubZ fnYyh

6- ijekj tcj flag] e/;izns'k fnXn'kZu] vfjgarifCyds'ku bf.M;k fy0fe0

7- eYy Mh0ds0] tula[;k ,oa uxjhdj.k ,dflagkoyksdu] e/kqcu ifCyds'ku bykgkckn¼m0iz0½

MeesOe meejebMe

iejeryeeW kesâ efJekeâeme ceW mJemeneÙelee mecetn keâer Yetefcekeâe

Hkkjr ljdkj us xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; us vizSy 1999 ls **Lo.kZ t;arhxzke Lojkstxkj ;kstuk** dks eq[; Lokjkstxkj dk;ZØe ds :Ik esa Lolgk;rklewg }kjk dk;kZfUor fd;k gS ftlds }kjk vR;f/kd xjhc o vlgk; xzkeh.kvapy ds yksxksa dks Lojkstxkj ds volj miyC/k djkdj muds lokZaxh.k fodklds lkFk gh ns”k ds fodkl esa Hkh lgHkkxh cukuk gS ftlesa eq[; :Ik lsefgykvksa dks Lojkstxkj ls tksM+dj vkRefuHkZj cukdj l”kDr cukuk gSA

e/;izns”k dh vf/kdka”k tul[;k xk¡oksa esafuokl djrh gS & igys jkstxkj vkSj f”k{kk dhdeh ds dkj.k xjhcksa dh fLFkfr vPNh ugha FkhAtc ljdkj us 1999 ds igys tks ;kstuk,¡ xjhcksads fodkl ds fy, cukbZ Fkh Vªkblse nodkjkvkfn ;s lQy u gks ldha D;ksafd fcpkSfy,ljdkj }kjk xjhcksa dks nh tkuh okyh lgk;rkdk Qk;nk mBkrs FksA xjhscksa rd iwjh lgk;rkigq¡p gh ugha ikrh Fkh] blfy, bu lHkh ;kstukvksadks cUn dj ,d esa gh lekfgr dj 199+9 esa**Lo.kZt;arh xzke Lojkstxkj ;kstuk** cuh tksLolgk;rk lewg }kjk xjhcksa ds fodkl ds fy,Lo;a Lojkstxkj ds volj izkIr gks jgs gSaA

e/; izns”k esa Lolgk;rk lewg ds ek/;els efgyk l”kfDrdj.k ij cy fn;k tk jgk gSefgyk ifjokj dh jh<+ gS ifjokj dh vkfFkZd]lkekftd] jktuSfrd mUUkfr efgykvksa ds l”kDrgksus ij gh lEHko gSA iqjkru Hkkjr es ;gh jgk

gS] orZeku es Hkh bldh vko”;drk dks le>rsgq, ;kstuk fonksa esa jk’Vªh; Lrj ij efgykl”kfDrdj.k dks y{; fd;k gSA

Ikqjkus efgyk Lolgk;rk lewgksa ds lkFk&lkFkxjhch js[kk ds uhps ds ,sls ifjokj ftudh efgykLolgk;rk lewg ls ugha tqM+h gS mUgsa tkx:ddj u, Lolgk;rk lewg xfBr fd, tk jgs gSaftles bUgsa xzke iapk;r] tuin ipk;r] ftykiapk;r }kjk iw.kZ tkudkjh nsdj mUgha ls miyCèklk/kuksa dks jkstxkj ls tksM+dj izf”kf{kr fd;ktkrk gSA ,d lewg esa nl lnL; gksuk t:jh gStks fd xjhch js[kk ds uhps gksuk t:jh gS ;fnlewg esa nl ls de lnL; xjhch js[kk ds gSa rksbu lewgksa esa vuqnku dh ik=rk O;fDrxr _.kizdj.kksa ds ekin.M ls miyC/k djk;h tkrh gSA

foRrh; O;oLFkkorZeku esa **nhu n;ky vUR;ksn; ;kstuk

jk’Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe”ku** (DAY NRLM)

[e@. Deveghece eEmen

SH

O

DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



}kjk Lolgk;rk lewgksa dk Lkrr ijh{k.k djfunsZ”kksa ds vuq:i mUgsa l”kDr djus gsrq fofHkUUkLrjksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA

1- lfØ; lewg %& fu;fer cSBd] fu;fercpr] vkUrfjd ysu&nsu] _.k okilh nLrkostfu;fer j[kus okys lewg ;kuh iap lw= dkikyu djus okys lewg gSaA

2- vfu;fer lewg %& mijksDr iaplw= dsikyu esa fu;ferrk ugha gSA

3- fuf’Ø; lewg %&¼1½ fooknxzLr lewg¼2½ cUn lewgvc fLFkfr ;g fd vko”;drk lHkh lewgksa

dks lfØ; fd;k tk jgk gSA1- lfØ; lewg %& cSad fyadst djkuk]

lewg lnL;ksa }kjk vkthfodk dh fujUrjrk gsrqxfrfof/k;ksa dk p;uA

2- vfu;fer lewg %& iap lw= ij fu;ferdjkuk] cSad fyadst] xfrfof/k LFkkiukA

3- fuf’Ø; lewg %&1- fooknxzLr %& lewg dh cSBdsa fu;fer

djkdj vkilh fookn lekIr dj lewg dks iaplw=esa LFkkfir djuk A

2- cUn lewg %& lewg ds lnL;ksa dks lfØ;dj lewg dks iaplw= ij ykukA

Xkjhch js[kk ls uhps jgus okyksa ds fy, _.klaca/kh tkudkjh iapk;r lfpo ls ysdj xzkelHkk ds ek/;e ls vkosnu fd;k tkrk gSA ;gk¡dk;Z u gksus ij tuin dk eq[; dk;Zikyuvfèkdkjh ls feyk tkrk gS A

LkfØ; lewgksa dks ijh{k.k mijkURk nhun;kyvUR;ksnu ;kstuk jk’Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodkfe”ku ls ewY;kadu vuqlkj 10]000 ls 15]000ds e/; pØh; jkf”k miyC/k djk;h tk jgh gSA

cSad fyadstftu efgykvksa Lolgk;rk lewgksa us xfrfofèk

Iyku cuk, gSa ,sls lewgksa dks ØsfMV fyadst fd,tkus gsrq Øe”k% jkf”k mi;ksfxrk ds vk/kkj ijc<+rs Øe esa [k.Mokj fn;k tkuk gSA

izFke va”k %& lewg ds ikl izLrkfor dks’kds 4&8 xquk vf/kdre 50]000 blesa tks Hkhvfèkd gks fn;k tkrk gSA

f}rh; va”k %& ekStwn dks’k ds 5&10 xqukvkSj vxys 12 eghuksa ds nkSjku cpr vFkok1]00]000 : tks Hkh vf/kd gksA

r`rh; va”k %& Lolgk;rk lewgksa }kjk rS;kjfd, x, vkSj QsMjs”ku lgk;rk ,tsalh }kjkewY;kafdr ekbØksØsfMV Iyku rFkk fiNys ØsfMVfjdkMZ ds vk/kkj ij U;wUre 2]00]000 :-A

prqFkZ va”k %& pkSFks va”k ds fy, jkf”k 4ls 10 yk[k ds chp vFkok ckn okys va”kksa esamPprj gks ldrh gSA

mDr _.k jkf”k Lolgk;rk lewgksa vkSjmuds lnL;ksa ds ekbØksØsfMV Iyku ds vk/kkjij gksxhA lkFk gh _.k ij 7% C;kt cSad }kjkfu/kkZfjr gksxkA m/kkj dh dk;Zuhr ds ewY;kaduij 3% C;kt vuqnku NRLM ls lewg m/kkj[kkrs esa lh/ks ns; gksxkA

,d fo”ks’k ckr ;g Hkh gksrh gS fd efgyklewg caSd fyadst ls izkIr _.k vius efgyklnL;ksa dks miyC/k djrs gq, cSfdax dk;Z djrkgSA bl izdkj Lo;a Lojkstxkjeq[kh bl ;kstukesa le;≤ ij u, voljksa ds lkFk iwjseè;izns”k esa vf/kd&ls&vf/kd efgykvksa dksjkstxkj ls tksM+k tk jgk gSA

eSaus bl ;kstuk dk cM+h xgurk ls v/;;ufd;k gSA ljdkj us bl ;kstuk }kjk lekt lsxjhch nwj dj efgykvksa dks lHkh {ks= esa vkxs


vkus dk volj iznku fd;k gSA 1999 ds igysgekjs e/;izns”k esa xzkeh.k vapy esa xjhc ifjokjksadh fLFkfr cM+h n;uh; FkhA u jkstxkj ds volju f”k{kk dh bruh vPNh O;oLFkkA ysfdu vcfujUrj orZeku fLFkfr ;g gS fd pkjksa vksjnwj&nwj xzkeh.k vapy esa Hkh jkSud vk x;h gSefgYkk,¡ Lokoyach gks x;h gSA jkstxkj ls tqM+usds lkFk gh ikfjokfjd nkf;Ro dk fuoZgu vPNsls dj jgh gS vkSj gj {ks= esa vkxs vk jgh gSAljdkj bUgsa lHkh lgk;rk ns jgh gS vkSj lewgksa}kjk NksVs&NksVs vPNs m|ksx “kq: gks x, gS vkSjHkh lkekuksa ds fcØh ds fy, ljdkj }kjk bUgsalkIrkfgd cktkj Hkksiky gkV vkfn tSLkh O;oLFkkdh gqbZ gSA

vr% xzkeh.k {ks= ds xjhcksa dk cgqr rhozrkls fodkl gks jgk gS bl ;kstuk ds ek/;e lsA

blfy, efgyk Lolgk;rk lewg LoSfPNdlaxBu efgyk lnL;ksa ds ifjokj ds lokZUueq[khfodkl ds fy, vxzlj gSA iapk;r jkt Ikn ijinLFk efgyk,¡ SHG dks l”kDr djus esa gjLrj ij iz;kljr gSaA

jktukSfrd l”kfDrdj.k esa efgykvksa dhfLFkfr cgqr vPNh gSA tSls f=Lrjh; iapk;rhjkt esa gh ns[ksaA

xzke iapk;r %&¼1½ iap 50% vf/kd¼2z½ ljiap 50%

tuin iapk;r %&¼1½ lnL; 50%

¼2½ v/;{k 50%

ftyk iapk;r %&¼1½ lnL; 50%

¼2½ v/;{k 50%

bl izdkj xzkeh.k efgyk,¡ tkx:d gks jghgSa vkSj /khjs&/khjs lHkh {ks= esa vkxs c<+ jgh gSa] olekt ds iw.kZ fodkl esa viuh Hkkxhnkjhlqfu”fpr dj jgh gSaA

laUnHkZ1- Lolgk;rk lewg] xBu izfØ;k ,oa ekxn”kZu

i`- Ø- 55&57

2- m|ferk fodkl dsUnz e-iz-] Hkksiky

3- Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k fodkl

4- e/;izns”k iapk;rh jkt vf/kfu;e 1981 &

Ogh- ,l- dkSjo-

5- vk;k viuk lqjkt gj gkFk dks dke] “kgMksy

e/;izns”k

6- xzke fodkl ,oa xzkeh.k usrRo ds mHkjrs izfreku&

lanhi ijekj

7- ;kstuk if=dk

8- ,l&th- ,l- ckbZ- izf”k{k.k lhjht&1 Hkkjr

ljdkj

9- Lolgk;rk lewg xBu izfØ;k o ekxZn”kZu

10- Ykksd lans”k e/;izns”k fodkl

MeesOe meejebMe

YeejleerÙe meceepe keâer megmebmke=âle mebjÛevee ceWmeeefnlÙe keâe Ùeesieoeve

[e@. jsKee jeveer

[ 141 ]

meeefnlÙekeâej keâe ØeÙeespeve neslee nw Deheves keâeJÙe me=peve mes DeefOekeâ mes DeefOekeâ meceepe osMeDeewj ceeveJe keâe GlLeeve keâjvee~ Fmeer ØeÙeespeve keâer Øeeefhle kesâ efveefceòe keâefJe keâeJÙe keâe me=peve keâjleenw~ DeLee&led meeefnlÙe Deewj meceepe keâe Deštš mecyevOe nw~ meeefnlÙekeâej Gme mecyevOe keâes ÂÌ{ yeveeveskesâ efueS ceeveJe peerJeve kesâ Gve cenòJehetCe& henuegDeeW keâes Deheves keâeJÙe Éeje GodIeeefšle keâjlee nwefpememes Skeâ Glke=â° je°ê mecemle peiele ceW ØekeâeMe Yejlee nw keâefJelee ceeveJe ceve ceW Goeòe iegCeeW keâeefJekeâeme keâjleer nw~ keâefJelee heeefjJeeefjkeâ, meeceeefpekeâ je°êrÙe Je JewefMJekeâ mlej hej ceeveJe ceWmeodefJeÛeejeW keâes Øeeflemhegâefšle keâj Gmekesâ peerJeve keâes hetCe&le: meheâue yeveeleer nw~ FmeefueS keâefJe kesâefyevee mechetCe& peiele DevOekeâejceÙe ceeuetce heÌ[lee nw~ keâefJe cewefLeueerMejCe ieghle kesâ keâeJÙe ceW ØeehÙeYeejle-Yeejleer ceW keâne Yeer nw—

‘‘nw DevOe-mee Devlepe&ieled keâefJe-™he meefJelee kesâ efyevee,meodYeeJe peerefJele jn vener mekeâles meg-keâefJelee kesâ efyevee~’’1

* yewkegâC"er osJeer keâvÙee ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, Deeieje

efkeâmeer Yeer keâeJÙe DeLeJee meeefnlÙe keâer jÛevee efkeâmeerefJeefMe° ØeÙeespeve keâes ueskeâj nesleer nw, keäÙeeWefkeâ efyevee ØeÙeespevekesâ mebmeej ceW keâesF& Yeer keâeÙe& veneR neslee nw~ meeefnlÙe keâemeerOee mecyevOe peerJeve mes nw FmeerefueS peerJeve keâer meheâueleekesâ meYeer GösMÙe meeefnlÙe kesâ GösMÙe nQ~ meeefnlÙe efpelevesØeYeeJeMeeueer {bie mes efMe#ee oskeâj peerJeve keâes meheâue yeveemekeâlee nQ~ %eeve kesâ mlej #es$e Fleves ØeYeeJeMeeueer Deewj menpe lejerkesâ mes ceeveJe ceve keâes Øesefjle veneR keâj mekeâles nQ—

efpeme Øekeâej me=ef° keâe efJeMes<e GösMÙe cebieue YeeJenw, Gmeer Øekeâej meeefnlÙe keâe Yeer efJeMes<e ØeÙeespeve meceepe keâe

cebieue ner nw~ meeefnlÙekeâej ceeveJe keâer Deevleefjkeâ GÉsueveekeâes Meevle keâj GvnW Skeâ veJeerve peerJeve keâer ØesjCee Øeoevekeâjlee nw, pees Skeâ Deew<eefOe keâer lejn keâeÙe& keâjleer nw~meeefnlÙekeâej ceeveJeerÙe JÙeefòeâlJe ceW meecebpemÙe keâj GvekesâDevegYeJeeW keâes ceOegj, mejme SJeb mebieerleceÙe yevee Deevebefolekeâj oslee nw~ Gvekeâer yeewefækeâlee keâe efJekeâeme keâj Oetefceue ngSefÛe$eeW keâes mhe° keâjlee nw~ meeefnlÙe JÙeefòeâ keâes GmekesâJeemleefJekeâ meeceeefpekeâ mJe™he mes heefjefÛele keâjelee nw~meeefnlÙekeâej keâe mechetCe& meeefnlÙe ØeÙeespeve ner ueeskeâ cebieue,ueeskeâ keâuÙeeCe keâer menpe YeeJevee mes DeehueeefJele neslee nw~

SH

O

DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



peerJeve mes meeefnlÙe keâe Deštš mecyevOe nesves meskeâeJÙe meceepe keâer ner DeefYeJÙeefòeâ nw, FmeefueS peerJeve kesâDeeoMe& Deewj ØeÙeespeve ner meeefnlÙe kesâ DeeoMe& Deewj ØeÙeespevenQ~ heg®<eeLe& Ûeleg<šdÙe Oece&, DeLe&, keâece, ceese#e keâer ØeeefhleYeer YeejleerÙe peerJeve oMe&ve keâe DeeOeej ceeveer ieÙeer nw~meeefnlÙe mes peerJeve keâe efvekeâš mecyevOe nesves kesâ keâejCemeeefnlÙe keâe ØeÙeespeve Yeer Fvekeâer Øeeefhle jne nw~

Oece&, DeLe&, keâece, cees#e, heg®<eeLe& Ûeleg°dÙe keâerØeeefhle nsleg ceneYeejle mes yeÌ{keâj MeeÙeo otmeje «evLe veneRnw~ jeceeÙeCe, ceneYeejle YeejleerÙe mebmke=âefle kesâ Deveceesuejlve nQ~ heb yeueosJe GheeOÙeeÙe kesâ MeyoeW ceW, ‘‘jeceeÙeCeDeewj ceneYeejle nceejs peeleerÙe Fefleneme nQ~’’ 2 YeejleerÙemeYÙelee Je mebmke=âefle keâe keâeJÙe ™he Fve ieÇvLeeW ceW mes efpemeØekeâej hetâš keâj efvekeâuelee nw, Jewmee DevÙe$e veneR~ ceneYeejlekeâes heg®<eeLe& Ûeleg°dÙe Øeeefhle keâe meeOeve ceevee ieÙee nw~ Ùen«evLe ÛeejeW heg®<eeLeeX keâer GheueefyOe keâjeves JeeueeW, mechetCe&keâeÙeeX keâe meeOekeâ SJeb keâesefkeâue kesâ ceOegj ieeve keâer YeeBeflehetCe&leÙee leeheveeMekeâ nw—‘‘Oecex DeLex Ûe keâeces Ûe cees#es Ûe YeejleJe<e&cedÙeefo nefmle leovÙe$e ÙeVesneefmle ve leled keäJeefÛeled~’’3

ieesJeOe&veeÛeeÙe& ves Yeer ceneYeejle kesâ cenlJe keâe JeCe&vekeâjles ngS efueKee nw—‘‘JÙeemeefiejeb efveÙee&meb meejb efJeMJemÙe Yeejleb Jevos~Yet<eCeleÙewJe me%eeb ÙeoefÁleeb Yeejleer Jenefle~~’’4

ceneYeejle kesâ cenlJe keâes osKeles ngS Fmes hebÛeceJesokeâne peelee nw~ FmeceW veerefle, Oece& SJeb DeeÛeej-efJeÛeej keâerÂef° mes YeejleerÙe Deelcee keâe ÙeLeeLe& JeCe&ve ngDee nw~ ‘‘jeceeÙeCeDeewj ceneYeejle oesveeW YeejleerÙe mebmke=âefle kesâ Deveceesue jlvenQ~ efpemeceW Yeejle keâer Skeâlee leLee je°êrÙelee kesâ oMe&ve neslesnQ~ YeejleerÙe mebmke=âefle keâe pewmee mepeerJe SJeb ielÙeelcekeâefÛe$eCe Fme «evLe Ùegieue ceW ngDee nw, Jewmee DevÙe$e ogue&Ye nw~meebmeeefjkeâ Âef° mes oesveeW oes efYeVe keâeue keâer jÛeveeSB nQ~

jeceeÙeCekeâeueerve mebmke=âefle keâe ØeeCe Oece& Lee lees JeneRceneYeejle keâeue ceW keâce& keâes efJeMes<e cenòJe efoÙee ieÙee nw~

jeceeÙeCekeâeueerve mebmke=âefle efJeMes<e GVele DeJemLee ceW Leer~GmeceW DeeoMe& keâe, meoeÛeej keâe, lÙeeie Je lehe keâe cenòJeLee, lees ceneYeejlekeâeueerve mebmke=âefle ceW ÙeLeeLe& keâe cenòJeLee~ oesveeW ÙegieeW kesâ meebmke=âeflekeâ DeeoMeeX keâe ceneve DevlejoesveeW jÛeveeDeeW ceW efÛeef$ele meceepe kesâ DeeoMeeX ceW mhe°heefjueef#ele neslee nw~

keâefJe keâes Deheves Deelcemevlees<e kesâ meeLe ueeskeâ keâuÙeeCekeâes OÙeeve ceW jKekeâj keâeJÙe jÛevee keâjveer ÛeeefnS keäÙeeWefkeâmeeefnlÙe Deewj meceepe ceW Deštš mecyevOe nw Deewj keâefJemeceepe keâe ØeefleefveefOelJe keâjlee nw~ FmeefueS JewÛeeefjkeâ ™hemes Gmes meceepe keâe ohe&Ce keânles nQ~ Jen ueeskeâ cebieue keâerefÛevlee efkeâÙes efyevee keâeÙe& veneR keâjlee~ leguemeer ves keâeJÙeØeÙeespeve keâer Deesj mebkesâle keâjles ngS jeceÛeefjleceeveme ceWefueKee nw efkeâ ‘‘ÙeMe, keâefJelee Deewj mecheefòe Jener Gòece nwpees iebiee peer keâer lejn meyekeâe efnle keâjves Jeeueer nes~’’

‘‘keâerjefle Yeefveefle Yetefle Yeefue meesF&,megjmeefj mece meye keânB efnle nesF&~’’5

cewefLeueerMejCe ieghle ceeveJelee kesâ Glkeâ<e& kesâ efueS nermeeefnlÙe keâer jÛevee ceeveles nQ~ Gvekesâ efJeÛeej ceW Jener meeefnlÙeGÛÛe neslee nw pees melÙe keâe GodIeeškeâ nes, keäÙeeWefkeâ melÙe nernceejs meceepe keâer cenòJehetCe& Meefòeâ nw~

‘‘meeefnlÙe ceeveJe-peerJeve kesâ melÙe keâes megvoj mesDeeJesef‰le keâj, ceeveJe kesâ melÙe keâes efMeJeb mes heefjhetCe& keâjoslee nw~’’6

ieghlepeer ves keâeJÙe keâes ceeveJe-peerJeve keâe ØekeâeMekeâne nw, keäÙeeWefkeâ meeefnlÙe ceeveJe keâe keâuÙeeCe keâj GmekesâpeerJeve ceW veJemhetâefle& keâe mebÛejCe keâjlee nw~ FmeefueS ‘‘meeefnlÙekeâe GÛÛe keâesefš keâe nesvee meJee&efOekeâ cenòJehetCe& nw, keäÙeeWefkeâGÛÛe meeefnlÙe ner Decej neslee nw~ ßes‰ meeefnlÙe ner meceepekeâer meÛÛeeF& keâes JÙeòeâ keâjlee nw~ meeefnlÙe efpelevee ßes‰nesiee, Jen Glevee ner meceepe keâe GlLeeve keâjsiee~ ieghlepeer vesFme meÛÛeeF& keâes mJeerkeâej efkeâÙee nw~’’7

JÙeefòeâ keâe peerJeve Yeues ner meceehle nes peeS, uesefkeâvemeeefnlÙe Gmekeâer peerJeve ieeLee keâes DeefYeJÙeòeâ keâjkesâ efÛejmLeeF&


™he Øeoeve keâjlee nw~ FmeefueS GvneWves keâuee keâes keâue kesâefueS veneR Deefheleg keâuee keâes peerJeve kesâ efueS mJeerkeâej efkeâÙeenw—

‘‘efkeâvleg nesvee ÛeeefnS keâye keäÙee keâneB,JÙeòeâ keâjleer nw, keâuee ner Ùen ÙeneB~~’’8

ieghlepeer ves ØelÙeskeâ keâuee keâe cegKÙe iegCe DeevevoØeeefhle keâes ceevee nw~ keâuee ner Deevevo, melÙe Deewj efMeJe keâeØeefleefveefOelJe keâjlee nw~ keâuee ner melÙe-DemelÙe, efMeJe-DeefMeJe, megvoj-Demegvoj keâe %eeve keâjeleer nw~ GvneWvesDeefYeJÙeefòeâ keâer kegâMeue Meefòeâ keâes ner keâuee ceevee nw~‘‘DeefYeJÙeefòeâ keâes kegâMeue Meefòeâ ner lees keâuee nw~’’9

cewefLeueerMejCeieghle ves Ssmes keâeJÙe meeefnlÙe keâe efvecee&CeefkeâÙee, efpememes ceeveJe Deheves Ûeefj$e keâes Goeòe yevee mekesâ~pees ueeskeâ efnle keâe meeOekeâ yeve mekesâ~ efpemekeâe ØeÙeespeveYeejleerÙe meceepe keâe cebieue keâjvee nes, Jes peve meeOeejCe ceWner YeejleerÙe meceepe kesâ meJeeËieerCe efJekeâeme keâer heefjkeâuheveekeâjles nQ~ GvneWves Demeod efJeÛeejeW keâe heefj<keâej leLee meodefJeÛeejeWkeâe veJeerveerkeâjCe keâjkesâ Skeâ DeeoMe& meceepe keâer keâuheveekeâer nw~ ieghlepeer ves meYeer osMeJeeefmeÙeeW keâes Deheves cebieue kesâefueS Øesefjle keâjles ngS keâne—‘‘neskeâj efvejeMe keâYeer ve yew"es, efvelÙe GÅeesieer jnes,meye osMe efnlekeâejer keâeÙe& ceW DevÙeesvÙe menÙeesieer jnes~Oecee&Le& kesâ Yeesieer jnes yeme keâce& kesâ Ùeseieer jnes,jesieer jnes lees Øesce-™heer jesie kesâ jesieer jnes~~’’10

DeeÛeeÙe& jeceÛevõ Megkeäue ves keâeJÙe kesâ oes GösMÙeyeleeS nQ~ henuee nw, keâeJÙe keâe efkeâme Øekeâej mes ceeveJemeceepe hej ØeYeeJe heÌ[lee nw Deewj otmeje nw, mebJesoveerÙelee ÙeeØes<eCeerÙelee~ keâeJÙe keâe meJe&meeOeejCe kesâ efueS ØeYeeJeeslheeokeâSJeb ØesjCeeoeÙeer nesvee DelÙevle DeeJeMÙekeâ nw~ ØesjCee hejyeue osles ngS Megkeäue peer keânles nQ—‘‘Skeâ keâer DevegYetefle keâesotmejs kesâ ùoÙe lekeâ hengBÛeevee Ùener keâuee keâe ue#Ùe nesleenw~11 meeefnlÙe ner ceeveJe ceW keâce& keâjves kesâ Øeefle pee«eefleGlheVe keâj oslee nw~ GmeceW Deheves GòejoeefÙeòJe keâes mecePevesDeewj mebYeeueves keâer #ecelee Yeer efJekeâefmele nes peeleer nw~

keâeJÙe kesâ DevegMeerueve mes ceeveJe ùoÙe keâe efJekeâeme

nes peelee nw~ GmeceW ueeskeâcebieue keâer YeeJevee yeueJeleer nes

peeleer nw~ ‘‘keâeJÙe keâe ue#Ùe nw peieled Deewj peerJeve kesâ

ceeefce&keâ he#e keâes ieesÛej ™he ceW ueekeâj meeceves jKevee,

efpememes ceveg<Ùe Deheves keâes JÙeefòeâiele mebkegâefÛele Iesjs mes Deheves

ùoÙe keâes efvekeâeue keâj Gmes efJeMJeJÙeeheer Deewj ef$ekeâeueJeefle&veer

DevegYetefle ceW ueerve keâjs~ ‘‘Fmeer ue#Ùe kesâ Yeerlej peerJeve kesâ

TBÛes mes TBÛes GösMÙe Dee peeles nQ~’’12 Je[&dmeJeLe& meeefnlÙe

kesâ ØeÙeespeve ceW GheosMe kesâ cenòJe keâes mJeerkeâej keâjles ngS

keânles nQ efkeâ ØelÙeskeâ keâefJe ceneve efMe#ekeâ neslee nw—‘‘keâeJÙe

keâe GheÙeesie ceveg<Ùe keâe DeefmlelJe kesâ {eBÛes ceW megOeej kesâ

efueS nesvee ÛeeefnÙes~’’13

meeefnlÙe ceW jJeervõveeLe šwieesj keâe veece Skeâ mecegõ

keâer lejn Lee~ efpemekeâer ienjeF& DeLeen Leer~ efpemes keâYeer ceehee

veneR pee mekeâlee Lee~ Gvekeâer keâefJeleeSB Deewj keâneefveÙeeB

efJeMJe keâes Skeâ Deueie jemlee efoKeeleer nQ~ meeefnlÙe keâer

efJeefYeVe efJeOeeDeeW ceW cenejLe neefmeue keâjves Jeeues jJeervõveeLe

šwieesj ves meeefnlÙe kesâ ØelÙeskeâ #es$e ceW ueieve Deewj F&ceeveoejer

mes keâece efkeâÙee~ ‘‘šwieesj keâer ueeskeâefØeÙe jÛeveeDeeW ceW meyemes

ueeskeâefØeÙe jÛevee ieerleebpeefue jner nw~’’ ‘‘Jes efJeMJe kesâ Skeâcee$e

Ssmes meeefnlÙekeâej Les efpevekeâer oes jÛeveeSB oes osMeeW keâe

je°ieeve yevee~’’14 Yeejle keâe je°ieeve—‘‘peve-ieCe-ceve’’

Deewj yeebiueeosMe keâe je°îeeve—‘‘Deecej meesveej yeebiuees’’~

Gvekesâ efueS meceepe Je meceepe ceW jn jner ceefnueeDeeW keâe

mLeeve leLee veejer peerJeve keâer efJeMes<eleeSB iebYeerj efÛebleve kesâ

efJe<eÙe Les~

keâeJÙe ceW melÙe keâe GodIeešve keâjles ngS Dejmlet ves

keâefJe kesâ keâce& DeJeOeejCee keâes cenòJe osles ngS keâne—

‘‘keâefJe keâe keâòe&JÙe keâce& pees kegâÚ nes Ûegkeâe nw,

Gmekeâe JeCe&ve veneR nw, Jejved pees nes mekeâlee nw, pees mecYeeJÙelee

Ùee DeeJeMÙekeâlee kesâ efveÙece kesâ DeOeerve mecYeJe nw, Gmekeâe

JeCe&ve keâjvee nw~’’15


efve<keâ<e&YeejleerÙe meceepe keâer megmebmke=âefle mebjÛevee ceW meeefnlÙe

keâe Ûejce ØeÙeespeve ueeskeâkeâuÙeeCekeâejer YeeJevee nw~ meeefnlÙe-ceeveJelee kesâ meYeer kegâeflmele Yeso-YeeJeeW keâes efcešekeâj DeveMÛesleveekeâes mecevJeÙe kesâ met$e mes peesÌ[keâj efJeMJe keâuÙeeCe keâe ÛejceGVeÙeve ner ØelÙeskeâ meeefnlÙe keâe hejce ue#Ùe nw~

mevoYe& «evLe1. Yeejle-Yeejleer, YeefJe<Ùeled KeC[, he=. 1822. ØeeÛeerve YeejleerÙe meYÙelee, [e@. peÙe efkeâMeve Øemeeo

KeC[sueJeeue3. ØeeÛeerve YeejleerÙe meYÙelee, [e@. peÙe efkeâMeve Øemeeo

KeC[sueJeeue4. ØeeÛeerve YeejleerÙe meYÙelee, [e@. peÙe efkeâMeve Øemeeo

KeC[sueJeeue

5. jeceÛeefjleceeveme, leguemeeroeme, he=. 20

6. efØeÙe-ØeJeeme Deewj meekesâle keâer DeeoMe&iele leguevee,

efJeÅeeJeeÛemheefle ßeer JeuueYe Mecee&, he=. 10

7. heÅe-ØeyevOe, efnvoer keâer Jele&ceeve oMee, he=. 74

8. meekesâle, ØeLece meie&, he=. 12

9. meekesâle, hebÛece meie&, he=. 75

10. Yeejle-Yeejleer, YeefJe<Ùe KeC[, he=. 172

11. efÛevleeceefCe, DeeÛeeÙe& jeceÛevõ Megkeäue, Yeeie-2, he=. 122

12. efÛevleeceefCe, Yeeie-2, jeceÛevõ Megkeäue, he=. 107

13. heeMÛeelÙe keâeJÙeMeem$e, osJesvõveeLe Mecee&, he=. 124

14. ieeBOeer, vesn™, šwieesj—Skeâ mece«e peerJeve heefjÛeÙe,

Deej. Sme. efmebn he=. 90

15. efnvoer meeefnlÙe keâe efJeJesÛeveelcekeâ Fefleneme, efleuekeâjepe

Mecee&, he=. 23

MeesOe meejebMe

keâyeerj leLee ieesjKeveeLe keâer keâefJeleeDeeW ceWmeeceeefpekeâ Ûeslevee keâe legueveelcekeâ DeOÙeÙeve

veueveer Jecee&

[ 145 ]

keâyeerj Yeer ieesjKeveeLe keâer lejn ceneve efJeÛeejkeâ Les~ GvneWves MeleeefyoÙeeW keâer meercee keâesleesÌ[keâj oerIe&keâeue lekeâ YeejleerÙe pevelee keâe heLe Deeueesefkeâle efkeâÙee~ Jes meble keâefJeÙeeW kesâ efmejceewjnQ~ efnvogDeeW, cegmeueceeveeW, efmekeäKeeW Deeefo meYeer keâes Jes meceeve ™he mes efØeÙe nQ~ DeeOegefvekeâje°^JeeefoÙeeW kesâ efueS efnvot-cegmeueceeve Skeâlee kesâ De«eotle leLee ceeveJe Oece& kesâ ØeJele&keâ SJebØeieefleMeerue lelJeeW keâer Âef° ceW meceepe megOeejkeâ kesâ ™he ceW ceevÙe nQ~ Gvekesâ efJeÛeejeW keâer Goejleemes ØeYeeefJele heeMÛeelÙe efJeÉeveeW ves GvnW FmeeF& Oece& mes ØeYeeefJele Ieesef<ele efkeâÙee Deewj keâne efkeâ GvekesâGheosMe ‘yeeFefyeue’ kesâ efvekeâš nQ~ heeMÛeelÙe efJeÉeveeW keâe Ùen keâLeve ieuele nw efkeâvleg Fmemes Fleveelees mhe° nw efkeâ heeMÛeelÙe efJeÉeve Yeer keâyeerj keâer cenevelee keâes mJeerkeâej keâjles nQ~

Meyo yeerpe—keâyeerj, ieesjKeveeLe, keâefJelee, meeceeefpekeâ Ûeslevee~

* MeesOeeLeea

ØemleeJeveemeeceeefpekeâ Ûeslevee keâe DeefYeØeeÙe meceepe kesâ Øeefle ÛewlevÙe

nesvee Ùee meceepe kesâ Øeefle peeie™keâ nesvee nw~ meceepe pevemecegoeÙe keâe otmeje ™he nw~ Deeefocekeâeue mes ceeveJe mecetnceW jnlee DeeÙee nw~ Jen peneB ceW Dekesâues Yeues ner Deelee nwefkeâvleg Dekesâues jnves keâe Deeoer veneR nw~ Oeerjs-Oeerjs meceepekeâer yebefoMeeW ceW pekeâÌ[ peelee nw~ Jen pewmes-pewmes yeesOe nesleepeelee nw Jewmes-Jewmes meceepe kesâ jerefle-efjJeepe kesâ DevegmeejJÙeJenej keâjves ueielee nw~ Oeerjs-Oeerjs Ùener Gmekeâer Deeoleyeve peeleer nw, efheâj Jen Dekesâuee peer veneR mekeâlee~ Gmekeâespeerves kesâ efueS nj heue, nj keâoce meeLe keâer pe™jle nesleernw, efpememes Jen meceepe kesâ peeefle-Oece& keâer yebefoMeeW ceW heBâmeleepeelee nw~

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Year-2016Vol. 4



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efve<keâ<e&le: Ùen keâne pee mekeâlee nw efkeâ ieesjKeveeLeDeewj keâyeerj keâer meeceeefpekeâ Ûeslevee kesâ Éeje efnvot DeewjcegmeueceeveeW keâer leceece Oeee|cekeâ mebkeâerCe&leeDeeW keâes DemJeerkeâejkeâj efoÙee~ GvneWves cebefoj-ceefmpeo, Jeso-Meem$e, hetpee-hee",›ele-GheJeeme, peeefle-heeBefle, ÚgDeeÚtle, jespee-veceepe, DepeeveDeeefo keâes meceepe Deewj ceeveJecee$e kesâ efueS Ieelekeâ yeleeÙee~peneB Yeefòeâ Deevoesueve meyekesâ efueS cebefojeW kesâ Éej Keesueveskesâ he#e ceW Lee, JeneR keâyeerj ves cebefoj keâes ner ieuele meeefyelekeâj efoÙee~ kesâJeue Oece& Deewj meeceeefpekeâ efJe<ecelee keâer Deesjner Gvekeâe OÙeeve veneR ieÙee yeefukeâ Fme efJe<ecelee kesâ efueSGvneWves meceepe keâer Deee|Lekeâ efJe<ecelee keâes Skeâ no lekeâefpeccesoej keâj efoÙee~ Deee|Lekeâ efJe<ecelee kesâ keâejCe nermeyemes henues JÙeefòeâ Úesše-yeÌ[e ngDee~ Deeies Ûeuekeâj ÙenerTBÛe-veerÛe keâe YesoYeeJe mLeeefhele keâjves ceW ceooieej meeefyelengDee~

heâuele: ieesjKeveeLe Deewj keâyeerj keâer meeceeefpekeâ Ûesleveeves YesoYeeJe keâer mecemle meerceeDeeW keâes leesÌ[keâj efpeme DeeoMe&ceeveJe keâes meeceves jKee, Jen ceeveJe JÙeefòeâlJe keâes yeÇÿelJelekeâ ues peelee nw~

meboYe& «ebLe-metÛeer1. [e@. censvõ Yešveeiej keâefJe ßeer efMeJecebieue eEmen ‘megceve’,

jepÙeheeue SC[ mebme, veF& efouueer~2. [e@. ØeYeekeâj ßeesef$eÙe, efMeJecebieue eEmen ‘megceve’ ceveg<Ùe

Deewj me=°e meeceefÙekeâ ØekeâeMeve oefjÙeeiebpe, veF& efouueer~3. megceve kesâ keâeJÙe ceW je°êrÙelee heerleecyej heefyueeEMeie keâcheveer

Øee. efue. keâjesueyeeie, veF& efouueer~4. [e@. Øeefmeæ veejeÙeCe Ûeewyes, ueeskeâ Ûeslevee kesâ je°êrÙe,

keâefJe efMeJecebieue eEmen ‘megceve’ veJeesoÙe mesume Menoje,veF& efouueer~

5. ØesceÛebo, ceevemejesJej Yeeie-1 ØekeâeMeve, meeOevee heekesâšyegkeâ, 39 Ùet.S. jes[ efouueer~

MeesOe meejebMe

efJeMJeefJeÅeeueÙe hebÛeJe<eeaÙe Ùeespevee kesâDevegoeveeW kesâ JÙeÙe keâe efJeMues<eCe

hebkeâpe eEmen efleJeejer

[ 149 ]

e-iz- ds fo'ofo|ky; xzUFkky;ksa dks fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjkizkIr vuqnkuksa ds O;;] vko';drk] mi;ksfxrk ,oa vkisf{kr ifj.kkeksa dk lkjxkfHkZdv/;;u fd;k x;k gSA fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa esa fo'ofo|ky; vuqnkuvk;ksx }kjk izkIr ctV dk vf/kdka'kr;k mi;ksx dj fy;k x;k gS] ,oa blesavkSj vko';drk eglwl dh tk jgh gSA

* heg<hejepe veiej, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

Hkwfedk %&eè; izns'k ds 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa ds fodkl

ds fy;s fo'ofo|ky;hu f'k{kk dk ,d mPpLFkku gS] ftlds vHkko esa bldh dYiuk gh ughdh tk ldrh gSA ijarq fdlh Hkh laLFkk ds fy;sxzUFkky; mldk ân; gksrk gS] ftl izdkj lkjsO;fDr;ksa ds thou nkfguh ds :Ik ân; dk gksukvko';d gS] mlh izdkj iqLrdky; ds foLrkj,oa mi;ksfxrk dks c<+kus ds fy, foÙk dk gksukt:jh gS] ftlds vHkko esa ogk¡ ds Nk=ksa] 'kksèkkfFkZ;ksa],oa laLFkk dk fodkl ugh gks ldrkA vr% mlns'k dk fodkl lEHko ugh gS D;ksafd ;gh fdlhns'k dh jh<+ gksrh gS] ftlds vHkko esa dksbZ Hkhns'k lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa 'kS{kf.kd :Ik lsfodflr ugh gks ldrkA ftldk fooj.kfuEukuqlkj izLrqr gS&

lkj.kh Øekad&1-1fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk nloha

iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa fdruh jkf'k fo'ofo|ky;huxzaFkky; dks izkIr gqbZ dh fLFkfr

fo'ofo|ky; dk uke Lohd`r jkf'k O;; jkf'k

MkW- gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxj 37,50000=00 37,50000=00

vo/ks'k izrki flag fo'ofo|ky;] jhok 50,00,000=00 50,00,000=00

cjdrmYyk fo'ofo|ky;] Hkksiky 75,00,000=00 75,00,000=00

jkuh nqxkZorh fo'ofo|ky;] tcyiqj 60,00,000=00 60,00,000=00

nsoh vfgY;k fo'ofo|ky;] bUnkSj 35,00,000=00 35,00,000=00

foØe fo'ofo|ky;] mTtSu 1,50,00,000=00 1,35,00,000=00

thokth fo'ofo|ky;] Xokfy;j - -

-

lkj.kh Øekad 1-1 esa iznf'kZr vkadM+ksa lsLi"V gS fd fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa esafo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk iqLrdky;hufodkl gsrq vuqnku izkIr gksrk gSA vfèkdka'kfo'ofo|ky;ksa us miyCèk vuqnku dk 'kr izfr'krmi;ksx fd;k gSA xzUFkky;ksa ls izkIr vkadM+ksa ds


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vuqlkj 07 esa ls 06 xzUFkky;ksa dks fo'ofo|ky;


vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk jkf'k LohÑr gksrh gS ftls05 fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa }kjk lEiw.kZ jkf'kO;; crk;h xbZ] ,d fo'ofo|ky; }kjk 10 izfr'krjkf'k 'ks"k crk;h xbZ] ogh ,d fo'ofo|ky; usizkIr vuqnku vkSj O;; ds lEcUèk esa lE;dtkudkjh nsus esa vleFkZrk O;Dr dhA

lkj.kh Øekad&1-2fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk X;kjgoha

iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa fo'ofo|ky;hu xzaFkky; dksnh xbZ vuqnku jkf'k dh fLFkfr

fo'ofo|ky; dk uke Lo hdr j kf'k O;; j kf'k

MkW- gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxj 2,00,00,000=00 2,00,00,000=00

vo/ks'k izrki flag fo'ofo|ky;] jhok 28,80,000=00 28,80,000=00

cjdrmYyk fo'ofo|ky;] Hkksiky 80,00,000=00 80,00,000=00

jkuh nqxkZorh fo'ofo|ky;] tcyiqj 81,00,000=00 81,00,000=00

nsoh vfgY;k fo'ofo|ky;] bUnkSj 1,00,00,000=00 1,00,00,000=00

foØe fo'ofo|ky;] mTtSu 1,50,00,000=00 1,35,00,000=00

thokth fo'ofo|ky;] Xokfy;j - -

-

mijksDr lkj.kh Øekad 1-2 esa iznf'kZr vkadM+ksals Li"V gS fd e-iz- ds fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksaesa fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk X;kjgohaiapo"khZ; ;kstuk vUrxZr iznÙk vuqnkuksa dkfo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k] ftlds vuqlkjfo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa ls izkIr vkadM+ksa dsvuqlkj 07 esa ls 06 xzUFkky;ksa dks fo'ofo|ky;vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk jkf'k LohÑr gksrh gS ftls05 fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa }kjk lEiw.kZ jkf'kO;; crk;h xbZ] ,d fo'ofo|ky; }kjk 10 izfr'krjkf'k 'ks"k crk;h xbZ] ogha thokth fo'ofo|ky;]Xokfy;j ls vkadM+k vizkIr gSA

lkj.kh Øekad&1-3fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk nloha

,oa X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstukUrxZr izkIr vuqnkuksa

dk fofHkUu enksa ij O;; dh xbZ jkf'k@la[;kdk fooj.k

fo'o&

fo|ky;

dh

la[;k

fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx

fofHkUu ensa nloha

iapo"khZ;

;kstuk

¼la[;k½

X;kjgoha

iapo"khZ;

;kstuk

¼la[;k½

;ksx

07

iqLrdsa 15732 8387 24119

tuZYl 143 209 352

dEI;wVj 32 138 170

QksVksdkWih;j 02 05 7

JO; n'; lk/ku 00 00 0

[kqys jSd@vkyekjh 200 250 450

dSVykWx dSfcusV 05 12 17

eSaxthu jSd 04 15 19

jhfMax Vscy 23 45 68

U;wt isij LVS.M 05 15 20

vU; 00 00 0

Hkou dk {ks=Qy 00 00 0

deZpkjh dh la[;k 111 180 291

mijksDr lkj.kh Øekad 1-3 esa iznf'kZr

vkadM+ksa ls Li"V gS fd e-iz- ds fo'ofo|ky;hu

xzUFkky;ksa esa fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk

nloha ,oa X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk vUrxZr

iznÙk vuqnkuksa dk fofHkUu enksa ij O;; dh

xbZ jkf'k dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k] ftlds

vuqlkj fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa ls izkIr

vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj 07 esa ls 07 xzUFkky;ksa dks

fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk jkf'k LohÑr

gksrh gS ftls fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa }kjk

vyx&vyx enksa esa jkf'k O;; crk;h xbZ]

ftlesa ls iqLrdsa] tuZYl] dEI;wVj] QksVksdkWih;j]

vkyekjh] jhfMax Vscy ,oa deZpkfj;ksa ds fy,

jkf'k dk mi;ksx fd;k x;kA ftlesa ls dqN

fo'ofo|ky;ksa }kjk dqy jkf'k crkbZ x;h gSaa]

,oa dqN us fdl ij O;; gqvk dsoy la[;k

cl crk;k x;k gSA


lkj.kh Øekad&1-4fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky; esa fo'ofo|ky;

vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk nloha ,oa X;kjgoha iapo"khZ;;kstukUrxZr iqLrdksa gsrq LohÑfr jkf'k dh fLFkfr

Ø- Ekn fo'ofo|ky;ksa

dh la[;k

gk¡ ugha

1- ikB~;&iqLrdsa

07

05 02

2- lUnHkZ&iqLrdsa 03 04

3- 'kks/k&if=dk;sa 03 04

4- 'kks/k&lkfgR; 01 06

5- nqyZHk xzaFk - -

6- lftYn if=dk;sa - -

7- lsehukj dk;Zokgh - -

8- fo'ofo|ky; izfrosnu - -

9- vU; - -

mijksDr lkj.kh Øekad 1-4 esa iznf'kZr vkadM+ksals Li"V gS fd e-iz- ds fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksaesa fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk nloha ,oaX;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk vUrxZr iznÙk vuqnkuksadk iqLrdksa gsrq O;; dh xbZ jkf'k dk fo'ys"k.kfd;k x;k] ftlesa fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa lsizkIr vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj 07 esa ls 07 xzUFkky;ksadks fo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk jkf'kLohÑr gksrh gS] ftls fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa}kjk vyx&vyx enksa esa jkf'k O;; crk;h xbZ]ftlesa ls ikB~;&iqLrdsa] lUnHkZ&iqLrdsa]'kksèk&if=dk;sa] 'kksèk&lkfgR; ds fy, jkf'k dkmi;ksx fd;k x;kA nqyZHk xzaFk] lftYn if=dk;sa]lsehukj dk;Zokgh] fo'ofo|ky; izfrosnu ,oavU; dk laxzg dh tkudkjh vizkIr jghA

lkj.kh Øekad&1-5fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky; esa fo'ofo|ky;

vuqnku vk;ksx dks nloha ,oa X;kjgoha iapo"khZ;;kstukUrxZr jkf'k izkIr djus ds fy;s Hksts x;sizLrkoksa gsrq Lej.k i= nsus dk dk;Z xzUFkky;}kjk fd;k tkrk gS] dh fLFkfr

Ø- fo'ofo|ky; dk uke gk¡ izfr'kr ugha izfr'kr

1- MkW- gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxj - - - -

2- vo/ks'k izrki flag fo'ofo|ky;] jhok gk¡ 14.3 - -

3- cjdrmYyk fo'ofo|ky;] Hkksiky gk¡ 14.3 - -

4- jkuh nqxkZorh fo'ofo|ky;] tcyiqj - - - -

5- nsoh vfgY;k fo'ofo|ky;] bUnkSj - - ugha 14.3

6- foØe fo'ofo|ky;] mTtSu - - ugha 14.3

7- thokth fo'ofo|ky;] Xokfy;j - - ugha 14.3

dqy ;ksx 02 28-6 03 42-9

mijksDr lkj.kh Øekad 1-5 esa iznf'kZr vkadM+ksals Li"V gS fd e-iz- ds fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksaesa fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky; esa fo'ofo|ky;vuqnku vk;ksx dks jkf'k izkIr djus ds fy;s Hkstsx;s izLrkoksa gsrq Lej.k i= nsus dk dk;Z xzUFkky;}kjk fd;k tkrk gS dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k]ftlesa fo'ofo|ky;hu xzUFkky;ksa ls izkIr vkadM+ksads vuqlkj 07 esa ls 02 xzUFkky;ksa }kjkfo'ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx dks Lej.ki= nsusdk dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS] ftldk izfr'kr 28-6 gS]tcfd 03 xzUFkky;ksa }kjk Lej.ki= ugha fn;ktkrk gS ftldk izfr'kr 42-9 gS vkSj 02 xzUFkky;ksadh tkudkjh vizkIr gSSA

lUnHkZ %&1. AWADHESH PRATAP SINGH UNIVERSITY.

Annual Report. Rewa , 2006-2007.2. BAJPAI, R. P. and UPADHYAY, M.P. Rural

Development Information Network. Delhi, Li-brary Progress (International) Vol.25 (No.2) July2005.

3. BARHATULLAH UNIVERSITY . Annual Re-port. Bhopal, 2006-2007.

4. DEVI AHILYA UNIVERSITY. Annual Report.Indore, 2006-2007.

5. DR. HARI SINGH GOUR UNIVERSITY. An-nual Report. Sagar, 2007-2008.

6. DR. HARI SINGH GOUR UNIVERSITY. In-formation Bulletin. Sagar, Dr. Hari Singh GourUniversity, 2005-2006.

7. GOVERNMENT OF MADHYA PRADESH .Economic Survey of Madhya Pradesh Statisti-cal Department , 2007-2008.

[ 152 ]

mebmke=âle efJeYeeie

MeesOe meejebMe

ceneYeejles melÙeelcekeâes Oece&: [e@. Gceekeâevle efceße

[ 153 ]

ceneYeejlemLeMeeefvleheJe&Ce: efÉveJelÙeefOekeâMeleleces DeOÙeeÙes cenejepeÙegefOeef‰j: keâeue-ce=lÙeg-Ùeceeefo:osJeeveeb mebefnleepeehekeâyeÇeÿeCemÙe Ûe ceOÙes hejmhejmebJeeoefJe<eÙes-Yeer<ceefheleecenb he=ÛÚefle~ Øeme”sÓefmcevece=heefJeØeÙees: mebJeeosve melÙeOece&mÙe ceefncee Øeefleheeefole:~ ÙeLeeßegleb ÙeLeeÂ°b ÙeLeevegefceleb ÙeLeeefÛeefvlelebleLee cevemee JeeÛee keâce&Cee Jeoefle lelmelÙeced~ mebmeejmÙe ÙeeJevle JÙeeheeje: leeJevle: meJex ueewefkeâkeâe:JewefokeâeMÛe JÙeJeneje: melÙeeosJe ØeJele&vles~

* Øeeshesâmej SJeb efJeYeeieeOÙe#e (mebmke=âle-Dekeâeoefcekeâ), Mee. jCecele eEmen ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, jerJee (ce.Øe.)

mJeerke=âleb Keueg ke=â<CeÉwheeÙeveJesoJÙeemeÉeje efJeÛeefÛelebceneYeejleced SsefleneefmekeâcenekeâeJÙeòJesve~ efJe<eÙesÓefmceved efJeog<eebve efkeâceefhe JewcelÙeb efJeÅeles SlevceneYeejleb mebmeejmÙe mecemleefJeÅeeveebefMeuheeveeb veešddÙeeveeb oMe&veeveeb efJeefJeOekeâueeveeb meeefnlÙemÙemece«eØekeâjCeeveeb ve kesâJeueb ‘YeeC[eieejced’ Deefheleg Ûet[evlebefveoMe&veced~ DeleSJe melÙecesJeesòeâced—‘Ùeefoneefmle leovÙe$e ÙeVesneefmle ve lelkeäJeefÛeled~’1

DeLee&led Ùeeflkeâceefhe %eeveb ceneYeejles efJeÅeles leovÙe$eeefhe,efkeâvleg Ùeo$e veeefmle leled kegâ$eeefhe veeefmle~

efJeovlJesJe ceveeref<eCe: ÙevceneYeejles meefvle De°eoMeheJee&efCeÙeLee—Deeefo-meYee-Jeve-efJeješd-GÅeesie-Yeer<ce-õesCe-keâCe&-MeuÙe-meewefhlekeâ-m$eer-Meeefvle-DevegMeemeve-DeMJecesIe-DeeßeceJeemeer-ceewmeue-ceneØemLeeefvekeâ-mJeiee&jesnCe FlÙeeoerefve~

De$eeÓmceeefYe: MeeefvleheJe&efJe<eÙes efkeâceefhe JeòeâJÙeceefmle~MeeefvleheJe&efCe MejMeÙÙeeÙeeb MeÙeevees Yeer<ceefheleecen: jepeOeceËcees#eOeceË ÛeeefOeke=âlÙeesheefoMeefle ÙegefOeef‰jced~ Yeer<ce-efheleecen:Deemeervceneved DevegYeJeMeerue: Oecee&Le&-keâececees#e™heÛelegJe&iemÙe

efJeMes<e%e:, oerIee&Ùeg<ceeved kegâ®JebMes Jeefj‰:, ueyOeØeefle‰esceneheg®<e:~ me: kegâ®#es$e-nefmleveehegjes: Oece&ceÙee&oeefJe<eÙes leLeeÛe mJeMeemevemÙeeÓKeC[leeefJe<eÙes meJee&efOekeâ: efÛevleveMeerue:Deemeerled~ Oece&vÙeeÙeceeiee&vegÙeeefÙeve: heeC[Jeeved Øeefle DeemeeromÙeDevle:keâjCesve he#eheele: keâewjJeeCeeb he#es hejJeMeleÙee ÛejVeefheles<eeb mJeeLe&hejkeâoes<ehetCe&veereflekeâejCeeled DelÙevleb JÙeefLele: Deemeerled~FÛÚece=lÙeesJe&joeveb ØeehÙeeefhe cenejLeer hejceÙeesæe ÛeepevceyeÇÿeÛeejerYeer<cees ceneYeejleÙegæs DemebKÙeyeeCewe|yeæMejerj: metÙe&mÙeesòejeÙeCe-ØeeeEhle ÙeeJeod DeLee&led <eCceemeheÙe&vleb mJeØeeCeeved ve lelÙeepe~SlelmeceÙeevlejeues efheleecenÉeje ÙegefOeef‰jb Øeefle OeceexefÛelejepeveerles:cees#eØeeefhlekeâòe&JÙeceeie&mÙe meefJemlejced GheosMe: Øeoòe:~MeeefvleheJe&CÙesJe efvee|o°keâLeesheeKÙeeveceeOÙecesve melÙeelcekeâOecexefJeMes<elees yeueb oòeced~ Ùeefæ heJe&CeesÓmÙe efÉveJelÙeefOekeâ-MelelecesÓOÙeeÙes (192) efÛeef$eleced~

ceneYeejlemLeMeeefvleheJe&Ce: efÉveJelÙeefOekeâMelelecesÓOÙeeÙescenjepeÙegefOeef‰j: keâeue-ce=lÙeg-ÙeceeefoosJeeveeb mebefnleepeehekeâ-yeÇeÿeCemÙe Ûe ceOÙes hejmhejmebJeeoefJe<eÙes Yeer<ceefheleecenb he=ÛÚefle~

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Year-2016Vol. 4



Øeme”sÓefmceved leLÙeesÓmeeJeefhe meceeÙeeefle Ùeod Skeâes peehekeâyeÇeÿeCe: menœeJe<eË ÙeeJeod pehekeâeÙex mebueive Deemeerled~ lelheâuele:mJeÙeb Jesoceelee meeefJe$eer Deelceeveb ØekeâšÙeefle SJeÃe keâLeÙeefleDeYeer°JejÙeeÃee nslees:—

eEkeâ ØeeLe&Ùeefme efJeØe<ex eEkeâ Ûes°b keâjJeeefCeles2~efkeâvleg Oece&efJeled me efJeØe: efvemhe=nYeeJes pehehejkeâmeceeefOeb

ØelÙesJe Gòejesòejb Je=efænslees: ØeeLe&veeb ke=âleJeeved~ ÙeLee—pehÙeb Øeefle cecesÛÚsÙeb JeOe&eflJeefle hegve: hegve:3~~12~~cevemeMÛe meceeefOecex JeOexleenjn: MegYes4~~13~~

lelees osJeer meeefJe$eer ‘SJecemleg’ Fefle ØelÙeYee<ele~ nsefJeØe! lJecesJeb efJeefOevee Skeâe«ees efveÙele: meved peheeveg‰evebkegâ®~ mee#eeod Oece&MÛe lJeeb meceghew<Ùeefle, lesÓefvlekebâkeâeueesce=lÙegÙe&ceMÛeeefhe meceeÙeemÙeefvle~ De$e leJe les<eeÃe ceOÙesvÙeeÙeesefÛelees efJeJeeoes YeefJelee~ Ùe$e les Ùeceeefo osJee: meceslee:/Skeâ$eerYetlee:/Skeâef$elee:, leefmceVesJekeâeues leerLe&Ùee$eeced Gheeiele:cenejepe F#Jeekegâ: le$eeiecele~ DeLe me yeÇeÿeCe: kegâMeue#esceefJeceMeËke=âlJee je%esÓYeer°ØeoeveeÙe DeyeÇJeerled~ pehelee lJeÙee Ùeod efoJÙebJe<e&Meleb pehÙeb hetCeË ke=âleb lemÙe heâueb ce¢eb ØeoerÙeleeced Fefleje%ee keâefLeleced~ efJeØesCe Ùeppeefheleb lemÙe heâuemÙe DeOeË heâueb«enerlegb ve meppeerYetle: leoe me meJe&cesJe pehÙekebâ heâueb oelegbJeÛeveb Øeoòeced—DeLe Jee meJe&cesJesn pehÙekebâ ceecekebâ heâueced~jepeved! Øeehvege|n keâeceb lJeb Ùeefo meJe&efcensÛÚefme5~~

efkeâvleg ‘eEkeâ Ûe lemÙe heâueb Jeo’ Fefle Ûe jepeefve ØeMveske=âles efJeØe: lelheâueveeceefJe<eÙes mJekeâerÙeeb DemeceLe&leeb ØekeâšÙeefle~me jepeeveb Yee<elesceÙee Ùeppeefheleb leppevÙeb Ûe heâueb legcÙeb je%esoòeced, Dele: heâueØeeeEhle ve peeveeefce; heâueØeeefhleefJe<eÙes Oece&:keâeue: Ùece: ce=lÙegMÛe Sles meeef#eCe: meefvle—heâueØeeeEhle ve peeveeefce oòeb Ùeppeefheleb ceÙee~DeÙeb Oece&MÛe keâeueMÛe Ùeceesce=lÙegMÛe meeef#eCe:6~~

ÙemÙe heguemÙeveece ve efJeÅeles, Ùelheâueb mebefoiOeb/De%eeleceefmle, lelheâueb «eneblegb jepee vesÛÚefle~ ‘De%eelekegâueMeeruemÙecew$eer ve efnlekeâeefjCeer’ Dele: De%eeleb heâueb ve mJeerkeâeÙe&ced Fefleje%ees celeced~ efJeØesCeesòebâ Ùeodd ns jepeved! lJeb ‘osefn’ Fefle

JeekeäÙeced GkeälJee keâLeced Deve=leced/DeMegYeb kegâ®<es~ Ùeefo ceÙeeoòeb pehÙeheâueb lJeb ve Sef<e<Ùemes lee|n lJeb mJeOecexYÙe: heefjYeü°esYetlJee ueeskeâeved DevegÛeefj<Ùeefle~ yeÇeÿeCeMÛe lelheâueb oelegbJeÛeveyeæ: ÂÌ{Øeefle%eMÛeemeerled~ melÙebJeÛeveeveeb j#eeLeË peheÙemÙemece«eb heâueb mJeerke=âleced~

SJeced Devlele: melÙeOece&mÙe efJepeÙees peele:~ efceLeÙee/Deve=le JÙeJenejmÙe hejepeÙees peele:~ ÙecemJeiee&efoefYe:efoJÙeYeesie™he-ØeueesYevew: yengMe: ueesefYele:, efkeâveleg peehekeâesyeÇeÿeCe: melÙeOece&heeueveeled DeCegcee$eceefhe ve efJeÛeefuele:~ peehekesâveefJeØesCe: melÙeOece&mÙe hetCe&™hesCe heeueveeled lesve hejceheocedDeJÙeÙe MeeMJeleyeÇÿeheob Jee meceefOeieleced~

ve=heefJeØeÙees®òeâmebJeeosve melÙeOece&mÙe ceefncee Øeefleheeefole:~melÙeb veece leeJeled ‘‘ÙeLeeLex Jee*dcevemes melÙeced’’~ ÙeLeeßeglebÙeLeeÂ°b ÙeLeevegefceleb, ÙeLeeefÛeefvleleb leLee cevemee JeeÛee keâce&CeeJeoefle lelmelÙeced~ mebmeejmÙe ÙeeJevle: JÙeeheeje: leeJevle: meJexueewefkeâkeâe: JewefokeâeMÛe JÙeJeneje: melÙeeosJe ØeJele&vles~ ÙeLee—melÙeb Jesos<eg peeiee|le heâueb melÙes hejb mce=leced~melÙeeæceex oceMÛewJe meJeË melÙes Øeefleef‰leced7~~Ùelees Oece&mlelees melÙeb meJeË melÙesve JeOe&les8~melÙeceskeâe#ejb yeÇÿe, melÙeceskeâe#ejb lehe:~melÙeceskeâe#ejes Ùe%e:, melÙeceskeâe#ejb ßegleced9~~

Jemlegle: melÙemÙe mJe™heced ‘F&Meesheefve<eefo’ meeOJesJeefÛeef$eleced—efnjCceÙesve hee$esCe melÙemÙeeefheefnleb cegKebleòJeb het<eVeheeJe=Ceg melÙeOecee&Ùe Â°Ùes10~~

Decegefmceved ce=iecejerefÛekeâeceÙes YeüceÙegles ceeÙeeØeheÃeJeÃeveeceÙesÛe peieefle keâeÃevekeâeefceveerØeYe=efleefYe: ÛeekeâÛekeäÙeceÙew: heoeLe&meeLez:meJe&cesJe Jemlegpeeleced DeeJe=òeced~ Ùesve pevee: heoeLee&veeb mJeeYeeefJekebâmeewvoÙeË ÙeeLeeLÙeË iegCeieCeb, JeemleefJekebâ Ûe mJe™heb efJeneÙeyee¢ee[cyejw: efJeke=âles<eg Jemleg<eg ØeJele&vles les ‘‘DevOesve veerÙeceeveeÙeLeeÓvOee’’ SJe melÙemJe™heb veevegYeJeefvle~

SJecesJe ceneYeejles Oece&mJe™heb Yeer<cesveesòeâced—ßetÙeleeb Oece&meJe&mJeb ßeglJee ÛeehÙeJeOeeÙe&leeced~Deelceve: Øeefleketâueeefve hejs<eeb ve meceeÛejsled11~~


Jemlegle: DeelcekeâuÙeeCeeceg™heb efJeMJemÙeÙe$e keâuÙeeCeb mÙeeled me SJe Oece&:~Ùes melÙeme”je efJeJeskeâÛe#eg<e: ceveefmJeve: YeJeefvle les

melÙeOecee&od mleeskeâceefhe ve ØeefJeÛeueefvle ÙeLee mebefnlee peehekeâesyeÇeÿeCekeâewefMekeâhewhheueeefo:~ melÙecegòebâ kesâveeefhe—

GoÙeefle Ùeefo Yeeveg: heefMÛeces efoefiJeYeeiesØeÛeueefle Ùeefo ces®: Meerleleeb Ùeeefle JeefÖ:~efJekeâmeefle Ùeefo he©eb heJe&leeveeb efMeKee«esve YeJeefle hegvejvÙeod Yeeef<eleb meppeveeveeced~~keâes ve mcejefle Yeer<ceefheleecenmÙemJeefheleg: ØemeVeleeÙew

oeMekeâvÙeeefhelegMÛe efJeMJeemeeÙeke=âleeb Yeer<ceeb Øeefle%eeb Ùe$e meØelÙepeeveeled—ÙeesÓmÙeeb peefve<Ùeles heg$e: me vees jepee YeefJe<Ùeefle~12

hegvejefhe oeMejepemÙe mebMeÙeced Deeue#Ùe jepemeYeeÙeebYeer<ce: lemÙe heefjlees<eeÙe Oeesjlejeb Øeefle%eeb ke=âleJeeved—oeMejepe efveyeesOesob JeÛeveb ces ve=heesòece~ëe=CJeleeb Yetefceheeueeveeb Ùeod yeÇJeerefce efheleg: ke=âles~~

DeÅe ØeYe=efle ces oeMe! yeÇÿeÛeÙeË YeefJe<ÙeefleDeheg$emÙeeefhe ces ueeskeâe: YeefJe<ÙevlÙe#eÙee efoefJe~~13

Sleeb Øeefle%eeb ve kesâJeueb Jee*dcee$esCe hejb keâeÙe&™hesCeDeepeerJeveb me DeheeueÙeled~

mevoYe& metÛeer1. ceneYeejle, DeeefoheJe& 62.532. ceneYeejle, Meeefvle heJe& 192.113. ceneYeejle, Meeefvle heJe& 192.124. ceneYeejle, Meeefvle heJe& 192.135. ceneYeejle, Meeefvle heJe& 192.496. ceneYeejle, Meeefvle heJe& 192.517. ceneYeejle, Meeefvle heJe& 192.648. ceneYeejle, Meeefvle heJe& 192.699. ceneYeejle, Meeefvle heJe& 192.6310. F&Meesheefve<eod11. ceneYeejle12. ceneYeejle13. ceneYeejle

ßegleb veesieesheeÙe JesoeLee&Jeieceves DeeÛeeÙe&ÙeemkeâmÙeÙeesieoeveced [e@. Éeefjkeâe veeLe ef$ehee"er

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* Øeeshesâmej SJeb efJeYeeieeOÙe#e, Oece& meceepe mveelekeâesòej ceneefJeÅeeueÙe, DeueerieÌ{ (G.Øe.)

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Hkkjrh; n”kZus’kq izfrikfnrk% loZs fl)kUrk%izk;s.k osnIizek.kSjso izek.kh fØ;Urs A vUrr% bna;r~ bZ”ojh; lRRkka vlfUnXèk:is.kkLohdqoZf)%

SH

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DH CHETNA

Year-2016Vol. 4



lka[;k·pk;SZjfi osn izek.kku~ eRoSo Lo fl)kUrk%O;k[;k;UrsA

osnkuka ekgkRE;a u [kyq dsoya Hkkjro’kZs ,olhferefLr vfirq vusd ns”kkuka fo}kUl% osns’kqlfUufgrS% KkuS% rn~xq.kS”pk·fi izHkkfork% vHkou~AHkkjro’kZa le;s≤s vkxUrkj% fofHkUusH;% ns”ksH;%ik”pkR; fo}kUl% oSfnd lkfgR;L; fo”kkyrkaeuqHkw; ,oa rfUufgrS% Kku foKkuS% iw.kZr;k izHkkfork%vklu~] rFkk rs egkHkkxk% osnkuka vè;;ua euq’;sH;%furjka dY;k.kizna mi;ksfxRoa p vo.kZ;u~A ,’kkafonq’kkeuqlkja osn% ekuokuka Ñrs izkphure~ lkfgR;xzUFkks·fLr] rFkk p oSfnd lkfgR;s’kq vk;kZ.kkalglzrks·I;fèkda izkphurea bfrgkl% nfjn`”;rs]vFkkZr~ vk;sZfrgklifjiw.kkZ oSfndlkfgR;k% orZUrsA,’kq oSfnd xzUFks’kq foKkukè;kReèkkjk ;k fujUrjaizogu”khyk rL;k% vko”;drk bnkuhefiekuokuka Ñrs vrhoksi;ksfxuh orZekus·fi orZrsAvusds ik”pkR;fo}kUl% ;Fkk& eSDlewyj]foUVjfoV~t] jkFk] dksyczqd] eSdMkuy izHk`r;%oSfnd lkfgR;kè;;us Lo&Lo lEiw.kZa thoualefiZroUr% vklu~A

vFk osn “kCn lkèkqRoiwoZda] osn egRrkfnfo”ys’k.kkUkUrja] ik”pkR; fo}t~tuksifjosnIizHkkokfn fo’k;s’kq Hkwfedk;ka ppkZuUrja lEizfrLo “kksèki=a foLrfjrqe~ ;= vkpk;ksZ ;kLdL;Hkk’;ekfJR; “okl;a izdfVrqa leqRlq[kks·fLeA

;Fkk ;r~ e;kiwoZesok[;kra ;r~ èkeZ Lo:i%fu’dkj.k% “kM³~xksosnks czãou~fuR;ks·fLr d% èkeZ%bR;k”k³~dk;ka mP;rs&

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bfr xhrkAAèkeZL; y{k.ka izfrikn;uJw;rka èkeZ loZ”oa

JqRok pkI;oèkkj;rka vkReu% izfrdwykfu ijs’kka ulekpjs fnR;k[;kre~A rkRi;Za ;r~ osns’kq bes loZs

xq.kk% fufgrk% orZUrs vk”k;a ;r~ ekuo lekltL;Ñrs euqHkZoukFkZa p mins”k% osns”oso ;su izdkjs.kczã izkIR;FkZa vfgalk lR; czãp;kZ·Lrs;k·&ifjxzgk·³~xhdkj iwoZda] “kkSp larks’kri%Lokè;k;s”oj izkf.kèkkukfu vko”;dkfuHkofUr] rsuSo izdkjs.k osnkuka eè;;ukFkZadkeØksèkyksHkeksgeneRljknhuka ifjR;kxiqj% ljafuR; uSfefRrd izk;f”pRrksikluk& fnfudekZf.kvR;ko”;dkfu lfUrA

;|fi osnkuka Jo.ka] vè;;ua] n”kZuefiikiuk”kda HkofrA rFkkfi osnkFkZ Kkua fcukosnJo.kkfnda uksfpre~A Hkxork ir¥~tfyuk O;kdj.kiz;kstuk·oljs ;nèkhra bfr iz;kstua izfrikfnra]iqu”pk·fi vkpk;Z dkSRlk·uqlkja fu;rokpks;qDr&;ksfu;rkuqiwO;kZ% HkoUrhfr dFkukr~ dsoya osn Jo.ks,o iq.;a bfr fLk)kUrsu losZ’kka ;kLdlk;.k&n;kUkUnknhukaosnHkk’;dkjk.kka osn Hkk’;s Je% O;FkksZ;kL;rhfrA eU;s ;nèkhra vfoKkra fuxnsuSo“kCn~;rs] bfr eg’ksZ% ir¥~tys% fl)kUra vR;UralehphuefLrA vLeknso dkj.kkr~ vkpk;Z ;kLd%xks ”kCnknkjH; nsoiRuh i;ZUra f=lIrR;qRrjlIr&lrkfèkdlglz”kCnkuka lekEuk;a] oSfnd“kCndks”ka i;kZ;Rosu fu?k.Vqa fojP; rL;O;k[;kxzUFk:is.k fu#Dr ekè;esu lekEukr“kCnkuka fuoZpua osn eU=kFkkZoxeukFkZe~ pdkjA

bg izkIrk·oljL; lnqi;ksxks Hkfo’;fr ;r~;kLdk·uqlkja fu?k.Vq “kCnL; fuoZpua dq;kZe~Afu milxZ iwoZd xe~ èkkrks% Ñrs vkS.kkfnd rqu~izR;;su fu’iUu% fuxUrq “kCns Ñrs xdkjL; èkdkjsudkjL; .kdkjs rdkjL; p Vdkjs fu?k.Vq “kCnL;vkpk;Z ;kLd% fuoZpua djksfrA v= izk;s.kO;kdj.kL; loZs lw=k% ckfèkrk%] dkj.ka ;r~ vkpk;Z;kLd% oSfnd “kCn fuoZpuk·oljs O;kdj.k fu;eku~n.Ma izn”;Z lkèk;frA vLrq vkpk;Z ;kLd% dsoyaoSfnd eU=kFkZeso y{khÑR; oSfnd “kCnku~ fuoZfDrA


;|I;·’Vkè;k;~;ka egf’kZ.kk ikf.kfuukrqY;kL;iz;Rua lo.kZe~ bfr lw=a fyf[kra ;su lo.kZlaKk;k% foèkkuefLr] xdkj ?kdkj;ks% ijLija lo.kZlaKk rq Hkofr] ij¥~p xdkjL; LFkkus ?kdkj% udrqZe~ “kD;rs] lw= funsZ”kkHkkokr~A ,oeso udkjL;LFkkus ‘Vquk ‘Vq% bfr lw=s.k .kdkj% Hkofrij¥~p fu?k.Vksj= u iqu”pk·fi rdkjL;k·fiVdkjks O;kdj.k fu;ek·uqlkja u drqZe~ “kD;rs]ij¥~p ;kLdLrq p{kq’kh fufeY; ;su dsukfi izdkjs.keU=kFkZ flè;FkZe~ vfr ijks{ko`fRrekfJR; oSfnd“kCnku~ fu#okpA eU;s mieU;q vkpk;ZL;k·uq;kf;u%fu milxZ iwoZd xe~ èkkrks% fl&r&fu bR;q.kkfnlw=s.k Ñrs rqfu fu?k.Vq “kCnL; fuOkZpuekp{krs]bg i;ZUra rq O;kdjL; ys”k ek=a LkaLdkjaO;kdj.kL;k·fLrA ij¥~p vk³~ milxZ iwoZda guèkkrks%] mrok le~ vk³~ milxZ iwoZd gu èkkrks%Ñrs rqfu vkS.kkfnd lw=s.k vk mrok lek bR;u;ks%LFkkus U;kns”ks gdkjL; ?kdkj% udkjL; .kdkj%rFkk p rdkjL; Vdkjkns”ks fu?k.Vq “kCnL;fuoZpus izFke fu?k.Vqrks·Yia O;kdj.k laLdkjaizfrHkkfr] ,oa p le~ vk³~ milxZ iwoZd â èkkrks%Ñrs rqfu _dkjL; xq.ks jijs ÑRks lek bR;L;U;kns”ks gdkjL; ?kdkjs jsQL; .kdkjs rFkk prdkjL; Vdkjkns”ks Ñrs lek grZq bR;L; LFkkusfu?k.Vq “kCnL; fuoZpus O;kdj.kL; fdafpnI;Ule~ukuqHkw;rs v= vkpk;Z ;kLd% izFke fu?k.Vq “kCnL;fuoZpus fuxe “kCn dkj.kkr~ fu?k.Vq “kCnaLohdjksfr] ;rksfg & r= dsoya izR;; Hksn%] f}rh;svk³~ milxZ iwoZd gu èkkrks% Ñrs rqfu fu?k.Vq“kCns ikB dkj.kkr~ rFkk p le~ vk³~ milxZiwoZd â èkkrks% Ñrs rqfu p;u dkj.kkr~] vFkkZr~osnk% fuxek% HkofUr] osnkuka ikB egRrk] ,oa osneU=sH;% fpRok & fpRok “kCnk% fu?k.Vq :isl³~x`ghrk% vfrijks{kofRrekfJR; ;kLd% eU=kFkZdj.kkFkZa oSfnd O;ogkjkFkZa p fu#okpA ;kLdL;

lEiw.kZr;k y{;a oSfnd eU=k.kka ‘kq’Bqr;kvFkkZoxeus·fLr vr% ;r~ Ñra rr~ ‘kq’B~osoA

o;a loZs tkuhe% ;r~ “kCnk% prq”izdkjdk%HkofUrA vL;k·fHkèkkua “ks’kk·orkjs.k Hkxorkir¥~tfyuk O;kdj.kiz;kstuksn~?kkVuk·oljsegkHkk’;s xkS.k iz;kstua vfoèkh;rs&pRokjhfr] eU;srnuqlkjeso ;kLdk·pk;Z%3 rn~;kfu pRokjintkrkfu ukek[;krs pksilxZ fuikrk”p rkuhekfu HkofUrA dL;fpr~ okD;L; Ñrs ,rs’kka vFkkZr~ukek[;krksilxZ fuikrkuka izk;s.kk·o”;drkHkorhA oSfnd eU=s·fi ,rs’kkeso uke[;krksilxZfuikrkuka iz;ksxks n`”;rsA ,rs’kka prq.kkZa egf’kZ.kkir¥~tfyuk egkHkk’;iLi”kkg~fuds pRokjhfriz;kstus lfoLrja pfpZre~A oLrqrLrqukek[;krspksilxZ fuikrk”p bR;= ;kLdsu uke“kCnL; O;k[;k dj.kh;k vklhr~A fdUrq izFker%vk[;krL; y{k.ka ;kLdssu nRRke~] ;Fkk& Hkkoizèkkuek[;kre~A lRoizèkkukfu ukekfuA v=O;frØe%A vkpk;Z ;kLdk·uqlkja vk[;kra HkkoizèkkuaHkofrA d% Hkko% bR;L; Kkua vko”;da eRokoS;kdj.kHkw’k.klkjdkjs.k mDre~& O;kikjLrqHkkouk·fHkèkklkè;Rosuk·fHkèkh;ekuk fØ;k bR;srs loZsijLija i;kZ;okfpu%A r= fØ;k f}foèkk Hkofr&fl)k·oLFkk·iUuk lkè;k·oLFkk·iUuk pAfl)k·oLFkk·iUukfØ;k lk orZrsA ;= lRoL;k·fimiyfCèkHkZofr] ;Fkk & ozT;k] ifDrfjfrAlkè;k·oLFkk·iUukfØ;k lk Hkofr ;= miDØeizHk`R;ioxZ i;ZUra HkkoL; izrhfrHkZofr] ;Fkk &oztfr iprhfrA ,rr~HkrZ`gfj.kkokD;inh;sfyf[kre~] ;Fkk & ;kor~fl)efl)e~ ok lkè;Rosuk·fHkèkh;rs]vkfJrØe:iRokr~ lk fØ;sR;fHkèkh;rsA O;ogkjsfin`”;rs ;r~ ipfr iz;ksxs vusdk% vokUrjHkwrk%fØ;k% ipfrR;fLeu~ lekfo’Vk%A ;Fkk&egkulfLFkrk efgyk r.Mqykfn “kq)hdj.kknkjH;


ikdkUr i;ZUra bnesokp’Vs ;r~ Hkkstua ipkfe Aij¥~p ip~èkkrksjso fu’iUu% ikd~ “kCn%fl)k·oLFkk·iUukfØ;k ;qDr% r= u dkfpnfivokUrj fØ;k layXuk·fLrA v=So ;kLdk·pk;ZL;vk”k;%A rkRi;Za ;r~ lkè;k·oLFkk·iUukfØ;k;kavkdka{kk Hkofr] ij¥~p fl)k·oLFkk·iUuk;ka udkfpnI;kdk³~{kkA

uke “kCn% izkfrifnds·FksZ iz;q³~DrsA rkRi;Za;r~ izkfrifnd i;kZ;okph ukek·fLrA vr,oksP;rs& ,daf}daf=dapSoprq’dai¥~pde~ rFkkbfr dkS.MHkV~Vegksn;su oS;kdj.kHkw’k.klkjL;ukekFkZfu.kZ; izdj.ks fyf[krefLrA ,oesoHkV~Vksftnhf{krsu fl)kUrdkSeq|k% uke èkkrq izdj.ksuke “kCn% izkfrifnds·FksZ iz;qDr%A vFk pkfiegf’kZ.kk ir¥~tfyuk ukek[;krksilxZ fuikrk”p]bR;= izkfrifnds·FkZs ,o uke “kCnL; iz;ksx%Ñr%A lks·;a uke “kCn% v= ;kLdk·pkjs.kizkfrifnds·FksZ iz;qT; ukek[;krs bR;qDrsA v=uke “kCnL; y{k.ka dqoZu~ vkpk;Z ;kLd% vkp’VslRoizèkkukfu bfrA fde~ uke lRoa bfr Åáa &egf’kZ.kk ikf.kfuuk pkn;ks·lRos] izkn;”p bfrlw= };a fyf[kra] r;ks% vFkZa O;kgju~ vkpk;ZHkV~Vksftnhf{krsu fl)kUrdkSeq|ka o`fRrfyZ[;rs &vnzO;kFkkZ”pkn;% fuikrk% L;q% ] izkn;”p rFkkAvusu Kk;rs ;r~ lRo “kCn% nzO;kFkksZ HkofrA vr%LkRoizèkkukfu ukekfu bR;L; LFkkus ljyhdj.kkFkZanzO;izèkkukfu ukekfu drqZe~ “kD;rsA rkRi;Za ;r~&;= LkRokuke mrok nzO;k.kka vkfèkD;a Hkofr rr~uke vFkok izkfrifnda mP;rsA ,oeso ;=nzO;kis{k;k& Hkkok·fèkD;e~ Hkofr rnk[;kra dF;rsA;Fkk& vk[;krL; Hksn};a fl)k·oLFkk·iUukfØ;k]lkè;k·oLFkk·iUukfØ;k psfr eRok ;kLdk·pk;sZ.kipfr] ifDr% bfr ,oeso oztfr ozT;kbR;qnkgj.k};a iznRre~A rFkSo ukEuks·fi izdkj};aHkofrA ;Fkk& drkZ] grkZ] HkrkZ ,oa xkS% v”o%

iq#’k”psfr v= drsZR;kfn “kCns’kq izÑfr izR;;;ks%vFkZ% rnuqlkjeso Kkrqe~ “kD;rs] ij¥~p xkSfjR;kfn“kCns’kq Li’Vr;k izÑfr izR;;;ks% vFkZKkuk·Hkkokr~oS;kdj.kkukeuqlkja “kCnk% bes :<;%A rkRi;Za;r~ uS#Drkuka ers ;Fkk& “kCnkFkZKkus izR;{ko`fRr%ijks{ko`fRr% vfrijks{ko`fRr”p HkofUrA rFkSooS;kdj.kkuka ers·fi ;kSfxd% ;ksx:f<+% :f<+”p“kCn lkèkqRos bR;srk’kka o`Rrhuka lekJ;.ka i`Fkd~iFkxk·pk;SZ% fØ;rsA osnHkk’;dkjs.k vkpk;Z ;kLdsumifj ukek[;kr;ks% y{k.ka iznRre~A rn~ fo’k;s,ok=ksP;rs & vn% bfr lRokukeqins”k% xkSj”o%iq#’kksgLrhfrA rkRi;Za ;r~ loZukeokpd “kCnS%lokZf.k ukekfu dF;Urs rFkk xkS% v”o% iq#’k%gLrh bR;srS% ,dSdL; izkfrifndL; ukEu% Ñrsfof”k’V “kCnk% iz;qT;UrsA ,oeso Hkorhfr HkkoL;],oa vkLrs “ksrs oztfr fr’Bfr bR;kfn’kq Hkkofo’k;s ok’kkZ;.ks% era O;kgju~ ;kLdk·pk;sZ.kksP;rs‘kM Hkkofodkjk HkoUrhfrA rkRi;Za ;r~ Hkkos ‘kMfodkjk% n`”;Urs ¼1½ tk;rs] ¼2½ vfLr]¼3½ foifj.kers] ¼4½ oèkZrs] ¼5½ vi{kh;rs]¼6½ fou’;rhfrA tk;rsHkkofodkj% iwoZHkkoL;&vkfneekp’Vs u vijHkkoekp’Vs u izfr”ksèkfr]vfLr bR;qRiUuL; lRoL; voèkkj.kefLr]foifj.kers bfr r`rh; Hkkofodkjs.k vizP;oekuL;rRokn~fodkja vkp’Vs] oèkZrs bfr prqFkZ Hkko fodkjs.kizdkj};a oèkZua voxUrO;e~ & “kjhjs.k fot;suosfr] vi{kh;rs bfr i¥~pesu Hkkofodkjs.kfoifj.kers bR;srL; izkfryksE;a KkrO;e~]fou’;fr& bR;ijHkkoL;k& ·fneekp’Vs uiwoZHkkoekp’Vs] u izfr’ksèkfrA vrks·U;s Hkko fodkjk,rs’kkeso fodkjkHkoUrhfr loSZjoèks;e~A

ukek[;krkuUrja vkpk;Z ;kLdsumilxZek[;k;rsA r= milxZ fo’k;s er};efLrAizFkea era “kkdVk;uL; f}rh;a p xkX;ZL; Lr%A;|fi·ekS oS;kdj.kkS] ;rksfg & egf’kZ.kk ikf.kfuuk


vu;ks% ppkZ Lok’Vkè;k;~;k% lknja vèkksfyf[kr;ks%lw=;ks% ÑrkA ;Fkk& ¼1½ f=izHk`fr’kq “kkdVk;uL;]¼2½ vksrks xkX;ZL;A v= milxZ% d% bR;fLeu~fo’k;s ;kLdk·pk;Z% ekSuks·fLrA ij¥~pkL;milxZL;ksYys[k% nk{kh iq=s.k Lok’Vkè;k;~;kamilxkZ% fØ;k;ksxs bfr Ñr% rFkk pkL; O;k[;k:is.k HkV~Vksftnhf{kr% fl)kUrdkSeq|ka izkn;%fØ;k;ksxs milxZ laKk L;q%] ,o exzs xfr”p]bfr ikf.kfu lw=s.k izknhuka fØ;k;ksxs xfr laKkvfi HkofrA rkRi;Za bna vfLr ;r~ izFker% izkn;%vO;;okpdk%A ija pSrs’kka fØ;k;ksxs milxZ laKk]bfr laKk p Hkor%A ijUrq b;a ppkZ ;kLdsuk·=u ÑrkA “kkdVk;uL;erkuqlkja bes milxkZ%LorU=r% ukFkZokpdk% vfirqukek[;kr;ksjFkZ|ksrdk%A fdUrq xkX;Zerk·uqlkjamilxkZ% LorU=:is.kk·fi vFkZokpdk% HkofUrA;Fkk& vk bR;okZxFkZs iz;qT;rs rFkk iz ijk bR;srL;izkfryksE;e~] vfHk bR;kfHkeq[;a rFkk izfr bR;srL;izkfryksE;e~] vfr lq bR;fHkiwftrk·FksZ funqZjbR;sr;ks% izkfryksE;e~] fu vo bfr fofuxzgkFkZ;ks%mn~ bR;sr;ks% izkfryksE;e~] le~ bR;sdh Hkkoe~ fovi bR;srL; izkfryksE;e~] vuq bfr lkn’;k·ijHkkoa]vfi bfr lalxZe~] mi bR;L; mitusFksZ iz;ksxsHkofr] rq ifj bfr loZrksHkkoa] vfèk milxZL;mifjHkko eSLo;sZ·FksZ iz;ksx% Øh;rs A vusu izdkjs.kbes milxkZ% xkX;Z erkuqlkja mPpkopkuFkkZu~ izkgq%Aosn eU=kFkZ n`’V~;k milxkZukaokpdRoLohdj.kefuok;ZefLrA ;rksfg& oSfndeU=s’kq izk;s.k milxkZ% LorU=r;k vFkkZukp{krsA

osn Hkk’;dkj% Jheku~ ;kLdk·pk;Z% fuikrkukafo’k;s Lo era izLrq;Uukp’Vs& mPpkops’oFksZ’kqfuirfUr bfr fuikrk%A osn eU=kFkZ n`’V~;kdFkufena lehphuefLr] ij¥~p fuikrk% oLrqr%vO;;k% orZUrsA vO;;kUrjxrpknhuka nzO; fHkUus·FksZegf’kZ.kk ikf.kfuuk pkn;kslRos] izkn;”p bfr

lw=};su mi;ZqDrkuka fuikr laKk ÑrkA r;ks%ppkZedqoZu~ ;kLdk·pk;Z% mPpkops’oFksZ’kq fuirfUrbfr fuikr ppkZe~ djksfrA rs’kq fuikrs’kq dsfpr~miekFkZdk%] dsfpr~ deksZi laxzgkFkZdk% rFkk dsfpr~iniwj.kk% HkofUr bfr ;kLd dFkue~A rs’kkesrspRokj% miek·FksZ iz;q¥~trsA bosfr Hkk’kk;ka pvUoè;k;a p] vFkkZr~ bo bfr fuikrL; ykSfddslaLÑrs oSfnds laLÑrs p miekFksZ iz;ksxks HkofrA;Fkk& vfXufjo ¼_Xosn 10@84@2½A bUnz bosgèkzqofLr’B ¼_Xosn 10@173@2½A u fuikrL;Hkk’kk;ka fu’ksèksFksZ iz;ksxks Hkofr] ij¥~p oSfnd eU=s’kqmiekFksZ fu’ksèksFksZ p iz;ksxkS n`”;srsA oSf”k’V~;abna ;r~ fu’ksèksFksZ u bR;L; iwoZs iz;ksxks Hkofr rqmiekFksZ i”pkr~ iz;ksxks n`”;rsA ;Fkk& usnzansoeealr ¼_Xosn 10@86@1½A v= u fuikr%fu’ksèksFksZ iz;qDr%A nqeZnklks u lqjk;ke~ ¼_Xosn8@2@12½A v= u fuikr% miekfFkZ;ks·fLrA vr%i”pkr~ u bR;L; iz;ksxks·fLrA ,rnuUrja fpn~bR;L; fuikrL; vkpk;Z ;kLdsu vusdkFkZrku~O;kgjUuk[;k;rsA ;Fkk& vkpk;Zf”pfnna czw;kfnfriwtk;ke~A rkRi;Za bna ;r~ iz;ksxs·fLeu~ ;kLdk·pk;Z%fpfUuikrL; iwtkFksZ iz;ksxe~ pdkjA ,oa vkpk;Z%dLekRk~ bfr iz”ueqFFkkI; vkp’Vs ;r~ vkpk;Z%vkpkja xzkg;fr] vkfpuksfr vFkkZu~] vkfpuksfrcqf)fefr okA vkpk;Zf”pn= dFkf;Rok;kLdk·pk;Z% fpn~ fuikr ekè;esu vkpk;ZL;oSf”k’V~;a |ksr;frA vk”k;a bna vfLr ;r~ vkpk;Z%,o bna oDrqe~ leFkZ%] ukU;% A n`”;rs ;n=k·pk;Z”kCnL; fuoZpua vk³~ miLkxZ iwoZd pj~ èkkrks%.;r~ izR;;su] mrok vk³~ milxZ iwoZd fp¥~èkkrks% vkpk;Z ;kLd% djksfrA ;n~;I;= vk³~ milxZiwoZd fp¥~ p;us bR;Lekr~ èkkrks% O;kdj.k n`’V~;kvkpk;Z “kCnL; fuoZpua dnkfi u drqZe~ “kD;rsArFkkfi oSfnd eU=kFkZ n`’V~;k fp¥~ èkkrks% vkpk;Z“kCnL; fuoZpua vfuok;ZefLr] vr% ;kLdsu rr~


Ñre~A ,oeso uq fuikrL;k·fi vusds LoFksZ’kq iz;ksxksHkofrA ;Fkk& ykSfdd laLÑrs bna uq dfj’;frbR;= gsRoins”ks] dFka uq dfj’;fr bR;uq i`’Vs]uUosrndk’khZfnfr] bR;= mRrjs uq “kCnL; iz;ksx%Ñr% A ij¥~p osns uq fuikrL; iz;ksx% miekFksZ·fiHkofrA ;Fkk& o`{kL; uq rs iq:gwr o;k% ¼_Xosn6@24@3½A bR;fLeu~ eU=s uq fuikrL; miekFksZiz;ksxkstkr%A ,oeso vU;s‘kkefi fuikrkuak osnsfofHkUus LoFksZ’kq iz;ksx% nfjn`”;rsA rs’kka NUnksH;lekâR;&lekâR; vkpk;Z ;kLdsu fuikrk%vfUof’krkA

eU;s·ge~ ;r~ losZ’kka fuikrkuka “kksèki=sizn”kZue~] “kksèk izcUèk bo fo”kkydk;ks Hkfo’;fr]vr% ds’kkfUpnso fuikrkuka oSfndeqnkgj.ka v=izLrqre~ e;kA “kfEefrA

lUnHkZ%&1- rn~ ;= Loj laLdkjkS leFkkSZ izknsf”kdsu fodkjs.k

vfUorkS L;krke~A le~ foKkrkfuA ¼fu#DrizFkeks·è;k;% prqFkZ% ikn%½A

2- izÑfrizR;;;ksjHksnkUo;%A ¼HkV~Vksftnhf{kr&fl)kUrdkSeqnh dkjd izdj.ke~½A

3- czkã.ksu fu’dkj.kks èkeZ%‘kM³~xksosnks·è;s;ksKs;”p ¼ikr¥~ty egkHkk’;iLi”kkg~fudkUrxZre~½A

4- vafglklR;kLrs; czãp;kZifjxgk ;ek%A¼ikr¥~ty;ksxn”kZu 2@30½A

5- “kkSplarks’kri% Lokè;k;s”oj izf.kèkkukfufu;ek%A¼ikr¥~ty ;ksxn”kZu 2@32½A

6- fUkR; uSfefRrd izk;f”pRrksiklukfuA ¼lnkUkUnosnkUrlkjs½A

7- ;nèkhra vfoKkra fuxns uSo “kCn~;rs] vuXukfoo“kq’dSèkksurTToyfr djfgfpr~A¼ikr¥~ty egkHkk’; iLi”kkg~fudk·UrjxZre~½A

8- fu;rokpks ;qDr;ksfu;rkuqiwO;kZ% HkofUrA ¼fu#DrizFkeks·è;k;% i¥~pe% ikn%½A

9- fl&r&fu&xfe&efl&lfp&vfo&?kk¥~&czqf”kH;Lrqu~A m.kkfn ¼1&69½

10- pRokfjfÜkàxkL=;ksvL;iknk% }s”kh’ksZ LkIrgLrk&”kk svL;Af=èkkc)ks o`’kHkksjksjfofregksnsoks eR;¡kZ vkfoos”kAA¼ikr¥~ty egkHkk’; iLi”kkg~fudk·UrxZre~½A

11- rn~;kfupRokfjintkrkfu ukek[;krspksilxZfuikrk”p rkuh ekfu HkofUrA ¼;kLd fu#DrizFkeks·è;k;izFkeiknk·UrxZre~½A

12- O;kikjLrq Hkkouk·fHkèkk & lkè;Rosuk·fHkèkh;&ekukfØ;kA ¼oS;kdj.kHkw’k.klkj èkkRoFkZ fu.kZ;%½A

13- ;kor~ fl)efl)a ok lkè;Rosuk·fHkèkh;rsAvkfJrØe:iRokr~ lk fØ;sR;fHkèkh;rsAA¼okD;inh;s nz’VO;e~½A

14- ,daf}daf=dapkFkprq’dai¥~pda rFkkAukekFkZ bfr losZ·eh i{kk% “kkL=s fu:firk%AA¼oS;kdj.kHkw’k.klkjukekFkZfu.kZ;si¥~pfoa”k%½A

15- pkn;ks·lRos ¼ikf.kfuv’Vkè;k;h 1@4@57½A16- izkn;% ¼ikf.kfuv’Vkè;k;h 1@4@58½A17- f=i`Hk`fr’kq”kkdVkd;uL;

¼ikf.kfu v0 8@4@50½A18- vksrks xkX;ZL; ¼ik0 v0 8@3@20½A19- milxkZ% fØ;k;ksxs ¼ik0 v0 1@4@59½A23- vfXufjo ¼_Xosn 10@84@2½A21- bUnz bosg èkqofLr’B ¼_Xosn 10@173@2½A22- usnza nsoeealr ¼_Xosn 10@86@1½A23- nqeZnklks ulqjk;ke~ ¼_Xosn 8@2@12½A24- o`{kL;a uq rs iq#gwr o;k% ¼_Xosn 6@24@3½A

‘‘OeelegkeâeJÙes keâejkeâmeceemeÙees: meceer#eCeced’’ [e@. jeJesvõ kegâceej efceße

[ 162 ]

* Jee[& veb. (3), Fefvoje keâeueesveer, yeeueewoe yeepeej (ÚòeermeieÌ{)

loZizFkea dkjdRofefr d% inkFkZ% bfrftKklk leqRi|rs\ =hf.k y{k.kkfu fo}fn~Hk%LohÑrkfu&¼1½ fØ;kfu"ikndRoa dkjdRoe~]¼2½ fØ;kUof;Roa dkjdRoe~] ¼3½ fØ;ktudRoadkjdRoe~A ,rkfu =h.;fi y{k.kkfu vèkLrui|sdkjd"kV~ds"kq ?kVfUrA dkjdHksnk%&

drkZ deZ p dj.ka p lEiznkua rFkSo pAviknkukfèkdj.kÃepsR;kgq% dkjdkf.k "kV~A

(i) dr`Zdkjdfoospue~r= izÑrèkkrqokP;O;kikjkJ;Roa drZ`Ùoe~A

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Year-2016Vol. 4



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849- rnso 2@1] 2] 4] 5] 6] 9] 10] 13] 15] 16] 17]

18] 20] 21] 22] 28] 29] 43] 44] 45] 46] 47]48] 49] 50] 55

10- rnso 3@1] 3] 6] 13] 32] 35] 37] 45] 53] 62]64] 66


11- rnso 1@2] 3] 5] 6] 7] 8] 11] 33] 41] 42] 43]44] 45] 52] 53] 57] 65] 66] 70] 86] 89] 92

12- èkkrqdkO;e~ 2@7] 8] 12] 14] 23] 29] 31] 38]41] 47] 48] 52] 59] 64] 65] 71] 73] 84] 85

13- rnso 3@3] 6] 12] 15] 21] 25] 32] 35] 52] 57]60

14- rnso 1@4 5] 14] 17] 18] 20] 24] 25] 26] 55]2@5] 11] 17] 25] 33] 46] 55] 3@23] 28] 44]52] 58

15- rnso 1@87] 2@3] 8] 57] 6416- rnso 1@3] 34] 2@82] 3@10] 5317- rnso 1@4] 23] 28] 32] 51] 2@5] 13] 32] 73]

3@39] 40] 51] 6918- èkkrqdkO;e~ 1@819- rnso 1@4720- rnso 1@68&6921- rnso 1@7022- rnso 1@7123- rnso 1@7624- rnso 1@8625- rnso 1@9026- rnso 1@9127- rnso 2@1128- rnso 2@4129- rnso 2@47

30- rnso 2@6031- rnso 2@7632- rnso 2@8433- rnso 3@1234- rnso 3@1935- rnso 3@2636- rnso 3@3537- rnso 3@5438- rnso 3@5739- rnso 3@5840- rnso 3@6141- oS;kdj.kHkw"k.kdkjHkV~Vksftnhf{krL;ere~A42- èkkrqdkO;e~ 1@343- rnso 1@644- rnso 1@2245- rnso 1@3446- rnso 1@4347- rnso 1@7748- rnso 1@449- rnso 1@1150- rnso 1@6851- rnso 1@7852- rnso 1@7953- rnso 2@2854- rnso 1


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