Selected RAND Abstracts - CiteSeerX

Selected RAND Abstracts

A Semiannual Guide to RAND Publications

Volume 37, Number 2January–December 1999

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Printed and On-Line Indexes

Selected RAND Abstracts provides a comprehensive guide to RAND’s unclassified publications. Annual subscriptions toSRA are offered without charge to academic and public libraries, to nonprofit and industrial organization libraries, and toagencies of federal, state, and local governments in the United States. Issues cumulate over the calendar year.

Indexes other than those for the current year are available as follows:

Indexes of Selected Publications of The RAND Corporation, 1946–1962 .. $12.50

Selected RAND Abstracts, Cumulative Edition, 1963–1972 ........... $12.50

Selected RAND Abstracts in annual volumes, beginning with 1963,price per volume (paperbound) .............................. $5.00

Abstracts of all publicly releasable RAND publications are also available through RAND’s home page on the World WideWeb (http://www.rand.org/). The database may be searched by author, title, keyword, or document number. Alldocuments published since January 1998 in the MR, IP, CF, DB, and RB series, with the exception of Institute for CivilJustice publications, are available on the RAND website in their entirety.

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION........................................... v

SERIAL LIST ............................................. 1

INDEXESSubject .............................................. 3Author .............................................. 31Title ................................................ 55

ABSTRACTSMonograph/Reports...................................... 64Issue Papers ........................................... 81Research Briefs ........................................ 82RGS Dissertations....................................... 83Reprints ............................................. 83Conference Proceedings................................... 98Testimony ............................................ 99Papers............................................... 99White Papers .......................................... 100Documented Briefings .................................... 101Drafts ............................................... 104RAND Europe Documents ................................. 107Journal Articles and Book Chapters ........................... 108

PUBLISHED RAND BOOKS ................................... 120

ORDER FORM ............................................ 131

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INTRODUCTION

RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. It conductsstudies in the public interest supported by the United States government, by local and state governments, by privatefoundations, and by its own funds derived from earned fees. The work involves most of the major disciplines in the physi-cal, social, and biological sciences, with emphasis on their application to problems of policy and planning in domestic andforeign affairs.

The methods and findings of RAND research are reported chiefly in RAND’s publications. Many RAND studiesappear also as articles in professional, scholarly, and technical journals (published in our Reprint series), and as bookspublished by commercial publishers and university presses. Selected RAND Abstracts (SRA) is a complete guide tocurrent unclassified RAND publications.

The numbered publication series includes:

MR Monographs/ReportsP PapersWP White PapersIP Issue PapersCF Conference ProceedingsCT TestimonyDB Documented BriefingsRGSD DissertationsRP ReprintsRB Research BriefsDRU Drafts

The Monograph/Report is the principal publication documenting and transmitting RAND’s major researchfindings. Papers are a means by which individual members of the staff express their personal views on a variety ofunclassified subjects, for presentation or for publication in professional journals. White Papers are responses to a requestmade to RAND for information on a policy issue. Issue Papers explore topics of interest to the policymaking community,with the intent of stimulating discussion in a policy area. Conference Proceedings, Testimony, and Documented Briefingsreport on those events after the fact. Dissertations emanate from the RAND Graduate School. The Reprint seriesreproduces previously published journal articles and book chapters. Research Briefs are policy-oriented summaries ofpublished RAND research. Drafts are preliminary or prepublication versions of Monographs/Reports, ConferenceProceedings, journal articles, book chapters, or other documents

In addition to these numbered series, some RAND research is published in book form by commercial or academicpresses or as articles in journals or other books.

Selected RAND Abstracts is divided into an index section and an abstract section.

INDEX SECTION

Each issue of SRA contains subject and author indexes covering all the material abstracted in the current volume.Subject Index. Each publication is indexed under one or more appropriate subjects. The lines that follow the

subject headings are titles. The publication number following the modifier refers the user to the abstract appearing in theabstract section.

Author Index. The entries under the authors’ names give the numbers and titles of their publications abstractedin this volume of SRA.

Title Index. Each title is followed by its document number.

ABSTRACT SECTION

Abstracts are arranged serially by publication number. A complete serial list of publications included in this volumeappears immediately preceding the subject index.

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WHERE TO OBTAIN RAND PUBLICATIONS

National Book Network (NBN) distributes selected RAND publications to bookstores, wholesalers, jobbers, and libraries.Contact NBN to determine availability and applicable discounts at 800-462-6420. Publications not available throughNBN can be ordered directly from RAND. All titles in the MR, DB, and CF series published since 1996 are availablefrom NBN.

RAND. Institutions and individuals can order directly from RAND at prices listed on the order form in the back of thisissue. California residents add 8.25 percent sales tax. Payment in U.S. currency (check, money order, or credit cardinformation) must accompany all orders. VISA, Mastercard, or American Express credit card telephone orders areaccepted.

RAND charges shipping and handling fees of $3.00 for the first item and $1.00 for each additional item, up to$50.00. For international orders add $1.00 per item up to $60.00. Documents are mailed fourth-class book rate. Pleaseallow 3–6 weeks for delivery. First-class mail, Federal Express delivery, UPS, and Express Mail delivery are available foran additional charge.

RAND books published by commercial or university presses and the journal articles and book chapters in theLRP series listed at the end of the Abstract section are not available from RAND; they may be purchased from abookseller or directly from the publisher.

Submit orders byTelephone: (310) 451-7002; or toll-free (887) 584-8642Fax: (310) 451-6915E-Mail [email protected]: RAND

Distribution ServicesP.O. Box 2138Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138

Standing Order Program. Annual subscriptions to RAND unclassified publications are available. Subscribers auto-matically receive a copy of each publication as it is released—more than 200 publications each year—together withSelected RAND Abstracts, which indexes and abstracts all publications included in the subscription. Commerciallypublished books and RAND publications that are intended for only a few users, such as survey questionnaires andcomputer program codebooks, are excluded from automatic distribution to subscribers. Subscription fees are designedstrictly to recover RAND’s costs for printing and fulfillment, and are subject to annual increases. Fees include shippingand handling.

RAND has several subscription options:

For all titles: Within the U. S. $750

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Complete collections of back issues for two preceding years are also available. Copies of earlier publications will be soldonly on a single-copy basis. Subscriptions are accepted at RAND’s discretion.

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Bibliographies. Also available from RAND upon request, and without charge, are a number of subject bibliographies,containing abstracts of RAND publications from current and earlier RAND research. They can also be ordered on theWorld Wide Web (http://www.rand.org/areas/biblio.html). Below is a listing of these subjects bibliographies.

SB-1001—AfricaSB-1024—Arms Control (Pre-1985)SB-2024—Arms Control (1985–1998)SB-1017—Asia (Pre-1980)SB-2017—Asia (1980-1998)SB-1065—California (Pre-1980)SB-2065—California (1980–1998)SB-1002—China (Pre-1980)SB-2002—China (1980–1999)SB-1028—Civil DefenseCP-253—Civil JusticeSB-1020—Communication SatellitesSB-1021—Communications (Pre-1980)SB-2021—Communications (1980–1999)SB-1036—Computing at RAND (1980–1992)SB-2036—Computing at RAND (1970–1979)SB-3036—Computing at RAND (Pre-1970)SB-1061—Cost Analysis (Pre-1980)SB-2061—Cost Analysis (1980–1998)SB-1059—Criminality, Justice, and Public Safety

(Pre-1985)SB-2059—Criminality, Justice, and Public Safety

(1985–1999)SB-1072—Critical TechnologiesSB-1025—Decisionmaking (Pre-1980)SB-2025—Decisionmaking (1980–1998)SB-1026—Education (Pre-1980)SB-2026—Education (1980–1989)SB-3026—Education (1990–1999)SB-1052—Energy and Nuclear Power (Pre-1980)SB-2052—Energy and Nuclear Power (1980–1998)SB-1032—Environment (Pre-1980)SB-2032—Environment (1980–1999)SB-1062—Europe (Pre-1980)SB-2062—Europe (1980–1999)SB-1071—Former Soviet UnionSB-1050—Gaming (Pre-1970)SB-2050—Gaming (1970–1984)SB-3050—Gaming (1985–1999)SB-1011—Health Care Costs and Coverage (Pre-1980)SB-2011—Health Care Costs and Coverage

(1980–1989)SB-3011—Health Care Costs and Coverage

(1990–1994)SB-4011—Health Care Costs and Coverage z

(1995–1999)SB-1027—Health-Related Research (Pre-1980)SB-2027—Health-Related Research (1980–1989)SB-3027—Health-Related Research (1990–1994)SB-4027—Health-Related Research (1995–1999)SB-1043—Human Resources (Pre-1985)

SB-2043—Human Resources (1985-1999)SB-1075—ImmigrationSB-1073—Information Sciences (Pre-1970)SB-2073—Information Sciences (1970–1985)SB-3073—Information Sciences (1985–1999)SB-1075—ImmigrationSB-1013—International Trade and Economics

(Pre-1985)SB-2013—International Trade and Economics

(1985-1999)SB-1018—Latin America (Pre-1980)SB-2018—Latin America (1980–1999)SB-1023—Logistics: Inventory, Spare Parts,

Maintenance (Pre-1980)SB-2023—Logistics: Inventory, Spare Parts,

Maintenance (1980–1999)SB-1058—Management: Personnel, Organizational

Theory, and Administration (Pre-1985)SB-2058—Management: Personnel, Organizational

Theory, and Administration (1985–1999)SB-1034—Middle East (Pre-1980)SB-2034—Middle East (1980–1999)SB-1063—Military Manpower (Pre-1980)SB-2063—Military Manpower (1980–1989)SB-3063—Military Manpower (1990–1994)SB-4063—Military Manpower (1995–1999)SB-1069—Military Strategy and Tactics (Pre-1980)SB-2069—Military Strategy and Tactics (1980–1989)SB-3069—Military Strategy and Tactics (1990–1994)SB-4069—Military Strategy and Tactics (1995–1999)SB-1074—Narcotics ControlSB-1068—NATO (Pre-1985)SB-2068—NATO (1985–1999)SB-1037—Policy Sciences (Pre-1985)SB-2037—Policy Sciences (1985–1999)SB-1041—Population (Pre-1985)SB-2041—Population (1985–1999)SB-1008—Program Budgeting (Pre-1985)SB-2008—Program Budgeting (1985–1999)SB-1029—R&D and Systems Acquisition: Strategy,

Policy, and Procedures (Pre-1985)SB-2029—R&D and Systems Acquisition: Strategy,

Policy, and Procedures (1985–1998)SB-1066—Regulatory Issues (Pre-1985)SB-2066—Regulatory Issues (1985–1998)SB-2004—Smoking, Alcohol, and Drug AbuseSB-1046—Space Technology and Planning (Pre-1980)SB-2046—Space Technology and Planning

(1980–1998)SB-1045—Statistics and Statistical Methods (Pre-1980)

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SB-2045—Statistics and Statistical Methods(1980–1998)

SB-1055—Systems Analysis: Methods, Techniques, andTheory (Pre-1980)

SB-2055—Systems Analysis: Methods, Techniques, andTheory (1980–1998)

SB-1031—Television and Communications Policy(Pre-1980)

SB-2031—Television and Communications Policy(1980–1998)

SB-1060—Terrorism and Low Intensity Conflict(Pre-1980)

SB-2060—Terrorism and Low Intensity Conflict(1980–1998)

SB-1040—Transportation (Pre-1980)SB-2040—Transportation (1980–1998)SB-1007—Urban Issues (Pre-1980)SB-2007—Urban Issues (1980-1998)SB-1012—U.S.-Foreign Relations (Pre-1980)SB-2012—U.S.-Foreign Relations (1980–1998)SB-1033—USSR (1980–1992)SB-2033—USSR (Pre-1980)SB-1038—Water Resources

Other Sources of RAND Research

Several government agencies index and distribute RAND publications. The National Technical InformationService (NTIS) lists many unclassified RAND documents in its on-line database and offers them for sale to the public.Address inquiries to NTIS, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161.

The Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) serves government agencies and nongovernment organi-zations that have contracts with the Department of Defense. The DTIC database contains most RAND classified andunclassified publications covering defense and national security topics. Instructions and the forms necessary for estab-lishing service may be obtained from the DTIC, Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA 22314.

RAND publications resulting from research supported by the National Institute of Education or the U.S. Office ofEducation may be obtained in microfiche form from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) DocumentReproduction Service, 3900 Wheeler Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22210.

RAND publications on health issues are available from the National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike,Bethesda, MD 20894.

SUPPORTING AGENCIES

The agencies supporting RAND research are identified by suffixes to publication numbers, as follows:

A U.S. ArmyAAO American Academy of OphthalmologyACQ Under Secretary of Defense for AcquisitionACUS Administrative Conference of the United StatesADB Asian Development BankAF U.S. Air ForceAHCPR Agency for Health Care and Policy ResearchAID Agency for International DevelopmentAMF Andrew W. Mellon FoundationARPA Advanced Research Projects AgencyASPE Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Department of Health and

Human ServicesBMS Bristol-Meyers/SquibbCAPP Center for Asia-Pacific Policy (RAND)CC The Carnegie CorporationCCR Consortium for Chiropractic ResearchCDADP California Department of Alcohol and Drug ProgramsCDWR California Department of Water ResourcesCIRA Center for Information Revolution Analysis (RAND)CMS Community Management Staff (NDRI)CNS Corporation for National ServiceCPC College Placement Council FoundationCRMAF Commission on Roles and Missions of the Armed ForcesCRES Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies (RAND)CSG City of South Gate

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CSTCCTICUWACWF

California Senate Transportation CommitteeCritical Technologies Institute (RAND)California Urban Water AgenciesThe Commonwealth Fund

DAG Defense Advisory Group to the National Defense Research InstituteDARC UCLA Drug Abuse Research CenterDARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDHHS U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesDOE U.S. Department of EnergyDOL U.S. Department of LaborDPRC Drug Policy Research Center (RAND)EACECSCCEDEPAEZ

European-American Center for Policy Analysis (RAND)Education Commission of the States–Campus CompactU.S. Department of EducationEnvironmental Protection AgencyNetherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs

FCER Foundation for Chiropractic Education and ResearchFFFNFGEFGGFGMESCHA

The Ford FoundationFriedrich Naumann FoundationGeneral Electric FoundationGeorge Gund FoundationGreater Middle East Studies Center (RAND)Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)

HCFAHFHHSHJKHSCICJIET

Health Care Financing AdministrationThe John A. Harford FoundationU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesThe Henry J. Kaiser Family FoundationHealth Services CommissionInstitute for Civil Justice (RAND)Institute on Education and Training (RAND)

ICTFIFJIFJRHD

Incremental Cost Task ForceIrvine Foundation (same as JIF)James Irvine Foundation (same as IF)John Randolph Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation

JSLEMAA

Joint StaffLilly Endowment, Inc.Medical Assistance Administration

MDOSS Michigan Department of Social ServicesMF The Markle FoundationMOD March of Dimes Birth Defense FoundationNA Director, Net Assessment, Office of the Secretary of DefenseNASDC New American Schools Development CorporationNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNAVY U.S. NavyNCRVENEMCNHFNIANIAIDNICHDNIJNIMHNSF

National Center for Research in Vocational EducationNew England Medical CenterNational Health FoundationNational Institute on AgingNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institute for Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institute of JusticeNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Science Foundation

OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOERI Office of Educational Research and ImprovementONDCP Office of National Drug Control Policy

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OSDOSTPOTAPA&E

Office of the Secretary of DefenseOffice of Science and Technology PolicyOffice of Technology AssessmentDirector, Program Analysis and Evaluation

PI Pfizer, Inc.P&RPCT

Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness)The Pew Charitable Trusts (or the Pew Trust)

RA Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs)RC RAND-supported researchRF Rockefeller FoundationRWJ Robert Wood Johnson FoundationSEPA School of Systems Engineering and Policy AnalysisSFR School Futures ResearchSTPI Science and Technology Policy Institute (RAND)SOCOM U.S. Special Operations CommandTCRP Transit Cooperative Research ProgramTCWF The California Wellness FoundationTMQCUCB

The Medical Quality CommissionUniversity of California, Berkeley

UCLA University of California, Los AngelesUN United NationsUSDPUSIPUSNVROMVWWAJFWBWFHFWIKWRDSC

Under Secretary of Defense for PolicyU.S. Institute of PeaceU.S. NavyNetherlands Ministry of Housing, Spacial Planning and EnvironmentNetherlands Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water ManagementW. Alton Jones FoundationWorld BankWilliam and Flora Hewlett FoundationWissenschaftliches Institut für KommunikationsdiensteWater Replenishment District of Southern California

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SERIAL LIST

MONOGRAPH/REPORTS

MR-1006-AFMR-1012-AMR-1016-AFMR-1018/2-OSDMR-1018/7-OSDMR-1018/9-OSDMR-1020-OSDMR-1021-OSDMR-1023-AMR-1024-OSDMR-1028-AFMR-1029-DARPAMR-1030-DARPAMR-1031-RE/FLADMR-1033-OSDMR-1036-EDUMR-1040-AMR-1042-SOCOMMR-1043-RE/VWMR-1045-AFMR-1048-WHFH/RF/UNFPAMR-1049-OSDMR-1050.0-OSTPMR-1051-CDSSMR-1051/1-CDSSMR-1052-CDSSMR-1052/1-1-CDSSMR-1052/1-CDSSMR-1054-DARPAMR-1056-AFMR-1061-AFMR-1064-AMR-1066-DFASMR-1067-OSDMR-1068-OSTPMR-1068/1-OSTPMR-1069-AMR-1070-AEAMR-1071-OSDMR-1072-SRFMR-1074-AFMR-1077-WRDSCMR-1079-NSFMR-1082-AFMR-1083-EDUMR-1085-EDUMR-1089.0-EDUMR-1091-AFMR-1092-CAPPMR-1095-MFMR-1099.0-NBACMR-1101-OSTPMR-1105.0-DOEMR-1106.0-HCFAMR-1109-MFMR-1111.0-OSTPMR-1115-OSTPMR-1116-OSDMR-1119-AFMR-1128-OSDMR-1129.0-WFHF/RF/UNFPA/NIA/ NICHDMR-1134-ICJMR-1158-CIRREFMR-1167.0-USDAFNSMR-1172.0-OSTPMR-581-AFMR-775-OSD

MR-847-OSD/AMR-895-AFMR-923-RWJMR-928-AMR-929-AMR-934-AMR-944-OSD/AMR-954-OSTPMR-955-AMR-969/1-ICJMR-984-OSDMR-989-AFMR-991-OSDMR-992-AMR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPAMR-997-AMR-998-EDU

ISSUE PAPERS

IP-176/1IP-176/2IP-176/3IP-176/4IP-176/5IP-181IP-182IP-184IP-187

RESEARCH BRIEFS

RB-3007RB-3008RB-3009RB-3010RB-3011RB-3012RB-3013RB-3015RB-4523RB-4524RB-4525RB-4526RB-5026RB-5027RB-5028RB-52RB-54RB-6007RB-7108RB-7109RB-7522RB-7524RB-7526RB-7527RB-7528RB-7529RB-7531RB-7532RB-8017RB-9030

RGS DISSERTATIONS

RGSD-147RGSD-148RGSD-149

REPRINTS

RP-726RP-730RP-738RP-745RP-749RP-750RP-751RP-752RP-753RP-754RP-755RP-757RP-758RP-759RP-760RP-761RP-762RP-765RP-766RP-767RP-768RP-769RP-770RP-771RP-772RP-773RP-774RP-775RP-776RP-777RP-778RP-779RP-780RP-784RP-786RP-787RP-788RP-790RP-791RP-792RP-793RP-794RP-795RP-796RP-797RP-798RP-799RP-800RP-801RP-802RP-803RP-805RP-806RP-808RP-809RP-810RP-812RP-813RP-814RP-815RP-818RP-825RP-827RP-830RP-833RP-834RP-836RP-837RP-839

RP-840RP-841RP-842RP-843RP-844RP-845RP-848RP-852RP-865

CONFERENCEPROCEEDINGS

CF-145-CAPP/AFCF-146CF-149-CMEPP/GCSPCF-151-OSD

CONGRESSIONALTESTIMONY

CT-149CT-151CT-152CT-153CT-154CT-155CT-158CT-158-1CT-159CT-161CT-162CT-163CT-164CT-165

CP-15CP-246CP-384CP-391CP-393CP-8/1

PAPERS

P-8035P-8036P-8038P-8039P-8039-1

WHITE PAPERS

WP-119WP-120

DOCUMENTED BRIEFINGS

DB-230-OSDDB-236-JSDB-241-OSDDB-242-ADB-246-OSDDB-247-NASA/OSTP

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DB-250-USMCDB-258-ADB-260-A/OSDDB-265-ADB-270-JS/ADB-271-NIJDB-273-OSDDB-278-OSD

DRAFTS

DRU-1876-AHCPRDRU-1877-AHCPRDRU-1878-AHCPRDRU-1887-LADCADRU-2014-WB/NIHDRU-2018/1-NIADRU-2018/2-NIADRU-2018/3-NIADRU-2018/4-NIADRU-2018/5-NIADRU-2037-NIADRU-2043-MFDRU-2057-WRDSCDRU-2059-NICHDDRU-2061-NIADRU-2064-NIA/NICHDDRU-2066-NIADRU-2073-NIADRU-2083-EDUDRU-2104-BMSDRU-2122-HCFADRU-2123-FMCDRU-2162-NSFDRU-2163-NSFDRU-2164-NSFDRU-2165-NSFDRU-2166-NICHD/NIADRU-2177-NIADRU-2180DRU-2215-NICHDDRU-2226-NICHD/NIA

RAND EUROPEDOCUMENTS

RE-99.001RE-99.004RE-99.005.1RE-99.005.2RE-99.006RE-99.007RE-99.008RE-99.010RE-99.013RE-99.018.1

JOURNAL ARTICLES ANDBOOK CHAPTERS (NotAvailable from RAND)

LRP-199900-01LRP-199900-02LRP-199900-03LRP-199900-04LRP-199900-05LRP-199900-06LRP-199900-07LRP-199900-08LRP-199900-09LRP-199900-10LRP-199900-11LRP-199900-12

LRP-199900-13LRP-199900-14LRP-199900-15LRP-199901-01LRP-199901-02LRP-199902-01LRP-199902-02LRP-199902-03LRP-199902-04LRP-199903-01LRP-199903-02LRP-199903-03LRP-199904-01LRP-199904-02LRP-199904-03LRP-199904-04LRP-199905-01LRP-199905-02LRP-199905-03LRP-199905-04LRP-199905-05LRP-199906-01LRP-199906-02LRP-199907-01LRP-199907-02LRP-199909-01LRP-199909-02LRP-199909-03LRP-199909-04LRP-199909-05LRP-199909-06LRP-199911-01LRP-199911-02LRP-199911-03LRP-199911-04LRP-199911-05LRP-199911-06LRP-199911-07LRP-199912-01LRP-199912-02LRP-199912-03LRP-199912-04LRP-199912-05LRP-199912-06

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SUBJECT INDEX

ABORTION—GOVERNMENT POLICYU.S. Abortion Policy and Fertility RP-800

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT—EVALUATIONLarge-Scale Testing: Current Practices and New Directions

IP-182

ACHIEVEMENT TESTSLarge-Scale Testing: Current Practices and New Directions

IP-182

ACTIVITY PROGRAMS IN EDUCATION—EVALUATIONCombining Service and Learning in Higher Education: Evaluation

of the Learn and Serve America, Higher Education Program MR-998

School-Based Substance-Abuse Prevention: What Works, forWhom, and How? LRP-199900-01

ADAPTIVE PLANNINGPlanning a Ballistic Missile Defense System of Systems: An

Adaptive Strategy IP-181

ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES—COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSCitizens, Computers, and Connectivity: A Review of Trends

MR-1109Sending Your Government a Message: E-Mail Communication

Between Citizens and Government MR-1095

ADVERSE SELECTION (INSURANCE)—FLORIDACost-Containment and Adverse Selection in Medicaid HMOs

RP-815

AERONAUTICS, COMMERCIAL—NETHERLANDS—PUBLICOPINION

Berichtgeving En Percepties Ten Aanzien Van De ExterneVeiligheid Van De Luchtvaart RE-99.013

AERONAUTICS—NETHERLANDS—SAFETY MEASURESBerichtgeving En Percepties Ten Aanzien Van De Externe

Veiligheid Van De Luchtvaart RE-99.013

AFRO-AMERICAN INFANTS—HEALTH AND HYGIENE—CALIFORNIA

Utilization of Well-Child Care Services for African-American Infantsin a Low-Income Community: Results of a Randomized,Controlled Case Management and Home VisitingIntervention RP-753

AGED—ECONOMIC CONDITIONSMortality Risk and Consumption by Couples DRU-2061

AGED—HEALTH AND HYGIENEImplications of Population Aging for Geriatric Health RP-792

AGED—MEDICAL CARE—FINANCEInsurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs: Effects on Use and

Expenditures in the Medicare Population DRU-2073

AGING PARENTS—CARE—MALAYSIAParent-Child Coresidence and Quasi-Coresidence in Peninsular

Malaysia RP-843

AGING—STATISTICSImplications of Population Aging for Geriatric Health RP-792Re-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging to the 1994

National Health Interview Survey for Trend Analysis DRU-2066

AID TO FAMILIES WITH DEPENDENT CHILDREN PROGRAMSBeyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation and Marriage in the AFDC

Program RP-750

AID TO FAMILIES WITH DEPENDENT CHILDRENPROGRAMS—CALIFORNIA —EVALUATION

The Pace of CalWORKs Implementation CT-165Welfare Reform in California. Appendix: Results of the 1998 All-

County Implementation Survey MR-1052/1-1Welfare Reform in California. Executive Summary: State and

County Implementation of CalWORKs in the First Year MR-1051/1

Welfare Reform in California: Results of the 1998 All-CountyImplementation Survey MR-1052

Welfare Reform in California: State and County Implementation ofCalWORKs in the First Year MR-1051

AIDS (DISEASE)—TRANSMISSION—RESEARCH—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELES COUNTY

Using Qualitative Methods to Study the Hidden World of OffstreetProstitution in Los Angeles County RP-762

AIR BASES—SECURITY MEASURESAirbase Vulnerability to Conventional Cruise-Missile and Ballistic-

Missile Attacks: Technology, Scenarios, and U.S. Air ForceResponses MR-1028

AIR DEFENSESAirbase Vulnerability to Conventional Cruise-Missile and Ballistic-


AIR FORCEAir Power as a Coercive Instrument MR-1061Air Power, Space Power and Geography RP-842

AIR FORCE—AVIATION SUPPLIES AND STORESLean Logistics: High-Velocity Logistics Infrastructure and the C-5

Galaxy MR-581

AIR FORCE—COMBAT SUSTAINABILITYExpeditionary Airpower. Part 2: EAF Strategic Planning

LRP-199909-01Expeditionary Airpower. Part 3: F-15 Support Analysis: Exploring

F-15 Avionics Intermediate Maintenance Concepts to MeetAEF Challenges LRP-199912-01

Expeditionary Airpower. Part 4: A Vision for Agile CombatSupport LRP-199912-02

AIR FORCE—EQUIPMENT—MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRLean Logistics: High-Velocity Logistics Infrastructure and the C-5

Galaxy MR-581

AIR FORCE—GROUND SUPPORTExpeditionary Airpower. Part 2: EAF Strategic Planning




Expeditionary Airpower: A Global Infrastructure to Support EAF LRP-199907-01

Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An IntegratedStrategic Agile Combat Support Planning Framework MR-1056

AIR FORCE—OFFICERS—EDUCATIONSeeing the Lighthouse — as Simple as the ASBC? Facilitating

Organizational Change in the U.S. Air Force RGSD-148

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AIR FORCE—OPERATIONAL READINESSBlunting the Talons: The Impact of Peace Operations

Deployments on USAF Fighter Crew Combat Skills RGSD-147

Expeditionary Airpower. Part 2: EAF Strategic Planning LRP-199909-01

Expeditionary Airpower. Part 3: F-15 Support Analysis: ExploringF-15 Avionics Intermediate Maintenance Concepts to MeetAEF Challenges LRP-199912-01




AIR FORCE—OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WARBlunting the Talons: The Impact of Peace Operations


AIR FORCE—ORGANIZATIONBlunting the Talons: The Impact of Peace Operations


Principles for Determining the Air Force Active/Reserve Mix MR-1091


AIR FORCE—PERSONNEL MANAGEMENTPrinciples for Determining the Air Force Active/Reserve Mix

MR-1091

AIR FORCE—PLANNINGDefining a Common Planning Framework for the Air Force

MR-1006

AIR FORCE—PROCUREMENTLean Logistics: High-Velocity Logistics Infrastructure and the C-5

Galaxy MR-581

AIR FORCE—PROCUREMENT—EVALUATIONAging Aircraft: Implications for Programmed Depot Maintenance

and Engine-Supported Costs CT-149

AIR FORCE—RESERVESPrinciples for Determining the Air Force Active/Reserve Mix

MR-1091

AIR FORCE—SECURITY MEASURESAirbase Vulnerability to Conventional Cruise-Missile and Ballistic-


Countering the New Terrorism MR-989

AIR POWERAir Power as a Coercive Instrument MR-1061Air Power, Space Power and Geography RP-842Countering the New Terrorism MR-989Strategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of Information in

Warfare MR-1016

AIR POWER—CHINAThe People's Liberation Army in the Information Age CF-145

AIR WARFAREBlunting the Talons: The Impact of Peace Operations


Expeditionary Airpower. Part 2: EAF Strategic Planning LRP-199909-01

Expeditionary Airpower. Part 3: F-15 Support Analysis: ExploringF-15 Avionics Intermediate Maintenance Concepts to MeetAEF Challenges LRP-199912-01



AIRFIELD CAPACITYAIR BASE CAPACITY ESTIMATOR—AACE

Analyzing the Effects of Airfield Resources on Airlift Capacity DB-230

AIRLIFT, MILITARYAnalyzing the Effects of Airfield Resources on Airlift Capacity

DB-230

AIRPLANES, MILITARY—MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRAging Aircraft: Implications for Programmed Depot Maintenance

and Engine-Supported Costs CT-149

AIRPLANES, MILITARY—MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR—MANAGEMENT

Lean Logistics: High-Velocity Logistics Infrastructure and the C-5Galaxy MR-581

AIRPLANES, MILITARY—MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR—COST CONTROL


AIRPORTS—TRAFFIC CONTROLAnalyzing the Effects of Airfield Resources on Airlift Capacity

DB-230

ALCOHOLICS—LEGAL STATUS, LAWS, ETC.Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Disability Insurance (DI), and

Substance Abusers RP-818

ALCOHOLISM—TREATMENTThe Design of Healthcare for Communities: A Study of Health

Care Delivery for Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental HealthConditions LRP-199906-01

ANIMALS—ABNORMALITIESThe Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Wildlife: A

Review of the Literature 1985–1998 MR-1050.0

ARMED FORCES—ACCOUNTING—COMPUTER PROGRAMS—HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC.

Using the Force and Support Costing System: An IntroductoryGuide and Tutorial MR-991

ARMED FORCES—APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURESDefense Working Capital Fund Pricing Policies: Insights from the

Defense Finance and Accounting Service MR-1066

ARMED FORCES—BARRACKS AND QUARTERS—COSTSAn Evaluation of Housing Options for Military Families MR-1020

ARMED FORCES—EQUIPMENT—COSTS—ACCOUNTINGUsing the Force and Support Costing System: An Introductory

Guide and Tutorial MR-991

ARMED FORCES—FACILITIES—ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSUsing Process Redesign to Improve DoD's Environmental Security

Program: Remediation Program Management MR-1024

ARMED FORCES—MILITARY LIFEFinancial Management Problems Among Enlisted Personnel

DB-241

ARMED FORCES—MINORITIESBarriers to Minority Participation in Special Operations Forces

MR-1042

5

ARMED FORCES—OFFICERSInteragency and International Assignments and Officer Career

Management MR-1116

ARMED FORCES—OPERATIONAL READINESSQuadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: A Retrospective

Look at Joint Staff Participation DB-236

ARMED FORCES—OPERATIONAL READINESS—COMPUTERSIMULATION

Joint Operations Superiority in the 21st Century: Analytic Supportto the 1998 Defense Science Board DB-260

ARMED FORCES—ORGANIZATIONPast Revolutions, Future Transformations: What Can the History

of Revolutions in Military Affairs Tell Us About Transformingthe U.S. Military? MR-1029

ARMED FORCES—ORGANIZATION—COMPUTERSIMULATION


ARMED FORCES—PAY, ALLOWANCES, ETC.Military Compensation: Testimony Presented to the Senate

Armed Services Committee, Subcommittee on Personnel CT-151

Military Compensation: Trends and Policy Options DB-273

ARMED FORCES—PERSONNEL MANAGEMENTA Description of U.S. Enlisted Personnel Promotion Systems

MR-1067Financial Management Problems Among Enlisted Personnel

DB-241Interagency and International Assignments and Officer Career

Management MR-1116Military Compensation: Testimony Presented to the Senate

Armed Services Committee, Subcommittee on Personnel CT-151

Military Compensation: Trends and Policy Options DB-273

ARMED FORCES—PROMOTIONSA Description of U.S. Enlisted Personnel Promotion Systems

MR-1067Interagency and International Assignments and Officer Career

Management MR-1116

ARMED FORCES—RECRUITING, ENLISTMENT, ETC.Attracting College-Bound Youth into the Military: Toward the

Development of New Recruiting Policy Options MR-984Barriers to Minority Participation in Special Operations Forces

MR-1042Recent Recruiting Trends and Their Implications for Models of

Enlistment Supply MR-847

ARMED FORCES—RECRUITING, ENLISTMENT, ETC.—STATISTICAL METHODS

Enlistment Decisions in the 1990s: Evidence from Individual-LevelData MR-944

ARMED FORCES—REORGANIZATION—COSTS—ACCOUNTING

Using the Force and Support Costing System: An IntroductoryGuide and Tutorial MR-991

ARMED FORCES—REORGANIZATION—PLANNINGAnalytical Methods for Studies and Experiments on "Transforming

the Force" DB-278

ARMED FORCES—SOCIAL SERVICESIncreasing a Sense of Community in the Military: The Role of

Personnel Support Programs MR-1071

ARMED FORCES—TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS—CASESTUDIES

Predicting Military Innovation DB-242

ARMED FORCES—TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS—FORECASTING

Predicting Military Innovation DB-242

ARMORED PERSONNEL CARRIERS—PROTECTIONReactive Armor Tiles for Army and Marine Corps Armored

Vehicles : An Independent Report to the Department ofDefense and the United States Congress WP-119

ARMORED VEHICLES, MILITARY—PROTECTIONReactive Armor Tiles for Army and Marine Corps Armored


ARMYAn Approach for Efficiently Managing DoD Research and

Development Portfolios RP-791Conducting Collaborative Research with Nontraditional

Suppliers RP-790

ARMY. RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPStaffing Army ROTC at Colleges and Universities: Alternatives for

Reducing the Use of Active-Duty Soldiers MR-992

ARMY. RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPSAllocating Scholarships for Army ROTC MR-1069

ARMY—APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURESImproving the Army Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and

Execution System (PPBES): The Programming Phase MR-934

ARMY—DECISIONMAKINGImproving the Army Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and


ARMY—ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSDoes the Army Have a National Land Use Strategy? MR-1064

ARMY—FORECASTINGThe Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts and Technologies

for the Light Battle Force DB-258Information Superiority and Game Theory: The Value of

Information in Four Games RP-806Issues Raised During the 1998 Army After Next Spring

Wargame MR-1023

ARMY—MANAGEMENTImproving the Army Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and


Microworld Simulations for Command and Control Training ofTheater Logistics and Support Staffs: A Curriculum Strategy MR-929

Velocity Management and the Revolution in Military Logistics RP-752

ARMY—NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS—TRAINING OFThe Total Army School System: Recommendations for Future

Policy MR-955Training Requirements and Training Delivery in the Total Army

School System MR-928

ARMY—OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALTIES—STUDY ANDTEACHING

The Total Army School System: Recommendations for FuturePolicy MR-955

Training Requirements and Training Delivery in the Total ArmySchool System MR-928

6

ARMY—OPERATIONAL READINESSInformation Superiority and Game Theory: The Value of


Wargame MR-1023

ARMY—OPERATIONAL READINESS—COMPUTERSIMULATION

The Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts and Technologiesfor the Light Battle Force DB-258

ARMY—ORGANIZATION—COMPUTER SIMULATIONThe Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts and Technologies

for the Light Battle Force DB-258

ARMY—PERSONNEL MANAGEMENTMaintaining the Army's "Smart Buyer" Capability in a Period of

Downsizing WP-120The Use of Microworld Simulations to Train Theater Level CSS

Staffs: Training Development Considerations DB-265

ARMY—PROCUREMENTMaintaining the Army's "Smart Buyer" Capability in a Period of

Downsizing WP-120

ARMY—REORGANIZATIONMaintaining the Army's "Smart Buyer" Capability in a Period of

Downsizing WP-120

ARMY—RESERVES—TRAINING OFConsolidating Active and Reserve Component Training

Infrastructure MR-1012

ARMY—TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONSUse of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future Army Needs

MR-997

ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUNDWATER—HEALTHASPECTS—CALIFORNIA

Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Water: Birth Outcomes inLos Angeles County, 1982–1993 MR-1077

ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES IN EARTH SCIENCESData Policy Issues and Barriers to Using Commercial Resources

for Mission to Planet Earth DB-247

ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES IN REMOTE SENSINGThe Changing Role of the U.S. Military in Space MR-895Remote Sensing Operational Capabilities: Final Report

MR-1172.0

ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONThe Changing Role of the U.S. Military in Space MR-895

ARTS AND CHILDREN—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELESThe Arts and Prosocial Impact Study: Program Characteristics

and Prosocial Effects DRU-1887

ARTS AND SOCIETY—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELESThe Arts and Prosocial Impact Study: Program Characteristics


ARTS—STUDY AND TEACHING—CALIFORNIAThe Arts and Prosocial Impact Study: Program Characteristics


ASIA (CENTRAL)—FOREIGN RELATIONS—CHINAChinese Policy Toward Russia and the Central Asian Republics

MR-1045

ASIA, CENTRAL—FOREIGN RELATIONSNATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074

ASIA, CENTRAL—STRATEGIC ASPECTSNATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074

ASTHMA—CALIFORNIA—TREATMENTThe Urgent Need for a California Asthma Program CT-155

ASTHMA—TREATMENT—EVALUATIONDevelopment of Review Criteria for Assessing the Quality of

Management of Stable Angina, Adult Asthma, and Non-InsulinDependent Diabetes Mellitus in General Practice LRP-199900-06

ASTRONAUTICS AND CIVILIZATIONThe Changing Role of the U.S. Military in Space MR-895

ASTRONAUTICS AND STATEMerchants and Guardians: Balancing U.S. Interests in Space

Commerce RP-787

ASTRONAUTICS, MILITARYAir Power, Space Power and Geography RP-842The Changing Role of the U.S. Military in Space MR-895Merchants and Guardians: Balancing U.S. Interests in Space

Commerce RP-787

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY WORKERSCreating a Coordinated Autos/UAW Reporting System (CARS) for

Evaluating Health Plan Performance DRU-2123

AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CLAIMSThe Frequency of Excess Claims for Automobile Personal

Injuries LRP-199900-02

AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CLAIMS—UNITED STATES—STATES

The Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out of Tort Law in theUnited States RP-745

BACKACHE—TREATMENT—CANADAUse of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through 1991 in the

United States and Canada RP-827

BACKACHE—TREATMENT—EVALUATIONUse of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through 1991 in the


BALKAN PENINSULA—FOREIGN RELATIONSGreek Security Concerns in the Balkans RP-780

BALKAN PENINSULA—MILITARY POLICYGreek Security Concerns in the Balkans RP-780

BALKAN PENINSULA—POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTGreek Security Concerns in the Balkans RP-780

BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSESAirbase Vulnerability to Conventional Cruise-Missile and Ballistic-


Planning a Ballistic Missile Defense System of Systems: AnAdaptive Strategy IP-181

BANKS AND BANKING—CHINAThe Heart of Economic Reform: China's Banking Reform and

State Enterprise Restructuring RGSD-149

BEHAVIOR THERAPYA Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress Inoculation Training,

and Their Combination for Reducing Posttraumatic StressDisorder in Female Assault Victims LRP-199904-01

Social Skills Training LRP-199900-10

BIOETHICSCloning Human Beings: Recent Scientific and Policy

Developments MR-1099.0

7

BIOLOGICAL WARFARE—SAFETY MEASURESMilitary Use of Drugs Not Yet Approved by FDA for CW/BW

Defense : Lessons from the Gulf War MR-1018/9

BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS—HEALTH ASPECTSA Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War

Illnesses. Vol. 2, Pyridostigmine Bromide MR-1018/2A Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War

Illnesses: Pyridostigmine Bromide CT-164

BIRTH CONTROL—DEVELOPING COUNTRIESLa Pianificazione Familiare Nei Paesi in Via Di Sviluppo: Un

Successo Incompleto IP-176/3La Planificacion Familiar En Los Paises En Desarrollo: Un Exito

Incompleto IP-176/2La Planification Familiale Dans Les Pays En Developpement: Une

Reussite a Parachever IP-176/1O Planeamento Familiar Nos Paises Em Vias De

Desennvolvimento: Uma Historia De Sucesso Inacabada IP-176/4

Family Planning in Developing Countries: An Unfinished SuccessStory IP-176/5

BIRTH CONTROL—GOVERNMENT POLICY—UNITED STATESHow Does Congress Approach Population and Family Planning

Issues? Results of Qualitative Interviews with LegislativeDirectors MR-1048

BIRTH INTERVALS—GUATEMALABeliefs About Children's Illness LRP-199904-02

BUSINESS PLANNINGFrom Channel Diversity to Channel Strategy DRU-2165Segment Strategies and the Resource-Based View of the Firm

DRU-2163

BUSINESS—DECISION MAKINGProduct and Stock Market Respons to Automotive Product Liability

Verdicts RP-794

C-5A (JET TRANSPORTS)—MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRLean Logistics: High-Velocity Logistics Infrastructure and the C-5

Galaxy MR-581

CADAVER HOMOGRAFTS—HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC.—DIRECTORIES

Handbook of Human Tissue Sources: A National Resource ofHuman Tissue Samples MR-954

CANCER—TREATMENT—EVALUATIONQuality of Care for Oncologic Conditions and HIV: A Review of

the Literature and Quality Indicators DRU-1877

CAPITALRisk Premiums for Environmental Liability: Does Superfund

Increase the Cost of Capital? RP-755

CAPITAL GAINSThe Measurement and Structure of Household Wealth RP-833

CARDIOPULMONARY SYSTEM—DISEASES—TREATMENTQuality of Care for Cardiopulmonary Conditions: A Review of the

Literature and Quality Indicators DRU-1876

CAREER DEVELOPMENTSeeing the Lighthouse — as Simple as the ASBC? Facilitating

Organizational Change in the U.S. Air Force RGSD-148

CAREER EDUCATIONAcademic Skills at Work: Two Perspectives RP-805

CASPIAN SEA REGION—DEFENSESNATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074

CAUCASUS—FOREIGN RELATIONSNATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074

CAUCASUS—STRATEGIC ASPECTSNATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074

CHACO WAR, 1932–1935Predicting Military Innovation DB-242

CHEMICAL AGENTS (MUNITIONS)—HEALTH ASPECTSA Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War


Illnesses. Vol. 7, Depleted Uranium MR-1018/7A Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War


CHEMICAL WARFARE—SAFETY MEASURESMilitary Use of Drugs Not Yet Approved by FDA for CW/BW


CHILD HEALTH SERVICES—EVALUATIONDevelopment of a Quality of Care Measurement System for

Children and Adolescents: Methodological Considerations andComparisons with a System for Adult Women RP-730

CHILD HEALTH SERVICES—FLORIDA—COST CONTROLCost-Containment and Adverse Selection in Medicaid HMOs

RP-815

CHILD HEALTH SERVICES—UTILIZATION—CALIFORNIAUtilization of Well-Child Care Services for African-American Infants

in a Low-Income Community: Results of a Randomized,Controlled Case Management and Home VisitingIntervention RP-753

CHILDREN AND VIOLENCE—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELESHow Youthful Offenders Perceive Gun Violence DB-271

CHILDREN OF DIVORCED PARENTSPrevention of Depressive Symptoms in Preadolescent Children of

Divorce LRP-199900-04

CHILDREN OF MINORITIES—EDUCATION—TEXAS—LONGITUDINAL STUDIES

Staffing At-Risk School Districts in Texas: Problems andProspects MR-1083

CHILDREN—INDONESIA—MORTALITYThe Relationship Between Infant and Child Mortality and

Subsequent Fertility in Indonesia, 1971–1991 RP-779

CHILDREN—INSURANCE REQUIREMENTSGeographic Variation in Physician Visits for Uninsured Children :

The Role of the Safety Net RP-798

CHILDREN—INTELLIGENCE TESTINGThe Intergenerational Transmission of "Intelligence": Down the

Slippery Slopes of The Bell Curve RP-865

CHILDREN—NUTRITIONAn Analysis of the Child and Adult Care Food Program in Child

Care Centers MR-1167.0

CHINA. CHUNG-KUO JEN MIN CHIEH FANG CH*UN. K*UNGCH*UN

The People's Liberation Army in the Information Age CF-145

CHINA—ARMED FORCESCongage China IP-187The United States and a Rising China: Strategic and Military

Implications MR-1082

8

CHINA—COMMERCEThe Heart of Economic Reform: China's Banking Reform and


CHINA—ECONOMIC POLICYThe Heart of Economic Reform: China's Banking Reform and


CHINA—FOREIGN RELATIONSCongage China IP-187

CHINA—FOREIGN RELATIONS—ASIA, CENTRALChinese Policy Toward Russia and the Central Asian Republics

MR-1045

CHINA—FOREIGN RELATIONS—FORMER SOVIETREPUBLICS

Chinese Policy Toward Russia and the Central Asian Republics MR-1045

CHINA—FOREIGN RELATIONS—RUSSIA (FEDERATION)Chinese Policy Toward Russia and the Central Asian Republics

MR-1045

CHINA—MILITARY POLICYCongage China IP-187The People's Liberation Army in the Information Age CF-145The United States and a Rising China: Strategic and Military


CHIROPRACTICUse of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through 1991 in the


CHIROPRACTIC—CANADAUse of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through 1991 in the


CHLAMYDIAHealth and Cost Benefits of Chlamydia Screening in Young

Women RP-825

CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE—TREATMENT—COSTSCost Functions for Dialysis Facilities and the Quality of Dialysis

LRP-199902-01

CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE—TREATMENT—EVALUATIONCost Functions for Dialysis Facilities and the Quality of Dialysis

LRP-199902-01

CLASS ACTIONS (CIVIL PROCEDURE)Class Action Dilemmas. Executive Summary: Pursuing Public

Goals for Private Gain MR-969/1

CLASS SIZE—CALIFORNIAClass Size Reduction in California: Early Evaluation Findings,

1996–1998 RP-803

CLIMATIC CHANGES—RESEARCHData Policy Issues and Barriers to Using Commercial Resources


CLINICAL INDICATIONSQuality Indicators for Hypertension DRU-2104

CLONINGCloning Human Beings: Recent Scientific and Policy


CLONING—GOVERNMENT POLICYCloning Human Beings: Recent Scientific and Policy


CLONING—MORAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTSCloning Human Beings: Recent Scientific and Policy


COCAINE HABIT—PREVENTION—COST EFFECTIVENESSAn Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty: The Cost-

Effectiveness of School-Based Drug Prevention Programs MR-923

COGNITION—TESTINGThe Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop and Evaluate CAHPS 1.0

Core Survey Items RP-768

COGNITIVE THERAPYCognitive-Behavioral Theory and Treatment of Posttraumatic

Stress Disorder LRP-199900-05A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress Inoculation Training,


COLLEGE ATTENDANCEAttracting College-Bound Youth into the Military: Toward the

Development of New Recruiting Policy Options MR-984

COLLEGE CHOICE—MATHEMATICAL MODELSDoes It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? Cross Cohort

Evidence on the Effects of College Quality on Earnings LRP-199901-01

COLLEGE STUDENTS—SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS,ETC.

Allocating Scholarships for Army ROTC MR-1069

COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMSCommand Concepts: A Theory Derived from the Practice of

Command and Control MR-775The Use of Microworld Simulations to Train Theater Level CSS


COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS—MANAGEMENTMicroworld Simulations for Command and Control Training of

Theater Logistics and Support Staffs: A Curriculum Strategy MR-929

COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS—SECURITYMEASURES

Securing the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure: A ProposedApproach MR-993

COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS—SECURITYMEASURES—CONGRESSES

Research and Development Initiatives Focused on Preventing,Detecting, and Responding to Insider Misuse of CriticalDefense Information Systems: Results of a Three-DayWorkshop CF-151

COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS—STUDY ANDTEACHING —SIMULATION METHODS


COMMAND OF TROOPS—CASE STUDIESCommand Concepts: A Theory Derived from the Practice of

Command and Control MR-775

COMMERCIAL POLICY—ECONOMETRIC MODELSEconomic Openness: Many Facets, Many Metrics MR-1072

COMMUNISM—CUBAThe RAND Forum on Cuba CF-146

9

COMMUNITY AND SCHOOL—EVALUATIONCombining Service and Learning in Higher Education: Evaluation


COMMUNITY LIFEIncreasing a Sense of Community in the Military: The Role of


COMPLEX LITIGATIONClass Action Dilemmas. Executive Summary: Pursuing Public

Goals for Private Gain MR-969/1

COMPUTER NETWORKS—SECURITY MEASURESSecuring the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure: A Proposed

Approach MR-993

COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE,COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT OF 1980

Risk Premiums for Environmental Liability: Does SuperfundIncrease the Cost of Capital? RP-755

COMPUTER NETWORKS—SECURITY MEASURES—UNITEDSTATES—CONGRESSES


COMPUTER WAR GAMES—COMPUTER PROGRAMSThe Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts and Technologies

for the Light Battle Force DB-258

CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATIONS—PHYSICIANSDirect Contracts, Data Sharing and Employee Risk Selection:

New Stakes for Patient Privacy in Tomorrow's HealthInsurance Markets RP-812

CONSUMERS—ATTITUDESMaking Survey Results Easy to Report to Consumers: How

Reporting Needs Guided Survey Design in CAHPS RP-770

CONSUMPTION (ECONOMICS)Mortality Risk and Consumption by Couples DRU-2061

CONTRACEPTIVES—DEVELOPING COUNTRIESLa Pianificazione Familiare Nei Paesi in Via Di Sviluppo: Un






CONTRACTING OUT—COMPETITIONSMarine Corps Sourcing Competitions: Historical Performance and

Directions for Improvement DB-250

CORONARY HEART DISEASE—TREATMENT—EVALUATIONDevelopment of Review Criteria for Assessing the Quality of


CORPORATIONS—ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS—UNITEDSTATES—CASE STUDIES

Technology Forces at Work. Executive Summary: Profiles ofEnvironmental Research and Development at Dupont, Intel,Monsanto, and Xerox MR-1068/1

Technology Forces at Work: Profiles of Environmental Researchand Development at Dupont, Intel, Monsanto, and Xerox MR-1068

COURTSDo We Need an Empirical Research Agenda on Judicial

Independence? RP-808

CRIME PREVENTIONNeeds and Prospects for Crime-Fighting Technology: The Federal

Role in Assisting State and Local Law Enforcement MR-1101

CRIMINAL JUSTICE, ADMINISTRATION OFNeeds and Prospects for Crime-Fighting Technology: The Federal


CRUISE MISSILE DEFENSESAirbase Vulnerability to Conventional Cruise-Missile and Ballistic-


CUBA—POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTThe RAND Forum on Cuba CF-146

CYPRUS—FOREIGN RELATIONSU.S. Policy Toward Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean:

Changing Strategic Perspectives After the Cold War RP-776

DAY CARE CENTERS—FOOD SERVICE—DATABASESAn Analysis of the Child and Adult Care Food Program in Child


DECENTRALIZATION IN GOVERNMENT—PORTUGAL—SIMULATION METHODS

A Seminar Game to Analyze Regional Governance Options forPortugal MR-1031

DECRIMINALIZATIONWhat We Do and Don't Know About the Likely Effects of

Decriminalization and Legalization: A Brief Summary CT-161

DEFENSE FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING SERVICEDefense Working Capital Fund Pricing Policies: Insights from the


DEFENSESSecuring the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure: A Proposed

Approach MR-993

DEFENSES—CONGRESSESResearch and Development Initiatives Focused on Preventing,

Detecting, and Responding to Insider Misuse of CriticalDefense Information Systems: Results of a Three-DayWorkshop CF-151

DEMOGRAPHY RESEARCH—UNITED STATESThe Importance of International Demographic Research for the

United States MR-1129.0

DEPLOYMENT (STRATEGY)Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An Integrated

Strategic Agile Combat Support Planning Framework MR-1056

DEPRESSED PERSONS—MEDICAL CARE—EVALUATIONEvidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed Primary Care

Practices RP-841Functioning and Utility for Current Health of Patients with

Depression or Chronic Medical Conditions in Managed,Primary Care Practices RP-840

Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus Network-ModelManaged Care Organizations RP-760

10

DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN—PREVENTIONPrevention of Depressive Symptoms in Preadolescent Children of


DEPRESSION, MENTAL—ECONOMIC ASPECTSThe Design of Partners in Care: Evaluating the Cost Effectiveness

of Improving Care for Depression in Primary Care RP-761

DEPRESSION, MENTAL—PREVENTIONPrevention of Depressive Symptoms in Preadolescent Children of


DEPRESSION, MENTAL—TREATMENTEvidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed Primary Care




DEPRESSION, MENTAL—TREATMENT—COSTEFFECTIVENESS

A Naturalistic Study of Psychotherapy: The Medical OutcomesStudy Approach LRP-199900-08

DEPRESSION, MENTAL—TREATMENT—EVALUATIONThe Design of Partners in Care: Evaluating the Cost Effectiveness


DEPT. OF DEFENSE—ACCOUNTINGDefense Working Capital Fund Pricing Policies: Insights from the


DEPT. OF DEFENSE—COMPUTER NETWORKS—SECURITYMEASURES—CONGRESSES


DEPT. OF DEFENSE—ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSUsing Process Redesign to Improve DoD's Environmental Security


DEPT. OF DEFENSE—FINANCEDefense Working Capital Fund Pricing Policies: Insights from the


DEPT. OF DEFENSE—PROCUREMENTInnovative Management in the DARPA High Altitude Endurance

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Program: Phase II Experience MR-1054

DEPT. OF DEFENSE—WEAPONS SYSTEMS—PROCUREMENT

Innovative Management in the DARPA High Altitude EnduranceUnmanned Aerial Vehicle Program: Phase II Experience MR-1054

DESENSITIZATION (PSYCHOTHERAPY)A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress Inoculation Training,


DISPUTE RESOLUTION (LAW)Goal Conflict in Juror Assessments of Compensatory and Punitive

Damages RP-830

DISTRIBUTION (ECONOMIC THEORY)The Measurement and Structure of Household Wealth RP-833

DISTRIBUTION OF DECEDENTS' ESTATESAnticipated and Actual Bequests DRU-2177

DIVERSIFICATION IN INDUSTRIESFrom Channel Diversity to Channel Strategy DRU-2165Segment Strategies and the Resource-Based View of the Firm

DRU-2163

DIVORCED PEOPLE—FINANCE, PERSONALMarriage, Assets, and Savings DRU-2215

DRONE AIRCRAFTInnovative Management in the DARPA High Altitude Endurance


DRUG ABUSEDrug Use Measures: What Are They Really Telling Us? RP-834What We Do and Don't Know About the Likely Effects of


DRUG ABUSE COUNSELINGAn Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty: The Cost-


DRUG ABUSE—PREVENTIONAdolescent Use of Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana: How

Important Is Social Bonding and for Which Ethnic Groups? RP-765

An Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty: The Cost-Effectiveness of School-Based Drug Prevention Programs MR-923

Simultaneous Polydrug Use Among Teens: Prevalence andPredictors RP-839

Toward a Psychology of Harm Reduction RP-777

DRUG ABUSE—SOCIAL ASPECTSToward a Psychology of Harm Reduction RP-777

DRUG ABUSE—STUDY AND TEACHING—COSTEFFECTIVENESS

An Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty: The Cost-Effectiveness of School-Based Drug Prevention Programs MR-923

DRUG ABUSE—TREATMENTThe Design of Healthcare for Communities: A Study of Health



DRUG LEGALIZATIONWhat We Do and Don't Know About the Likely Effects of


DRUGS—LAW AND LEGISLATIONMilitary Use of Drugs Not Yet Approved by FDA for CW/BW


DRUGS—PRICESInsurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs: Effects on Use and


DRUGS—SAFETY REGULATIONSMilitary Use of Drugs Not Yet Approved by FDA for CW/BW


DWELLINGS—ENERGY CONSUMPTION—MEASUREMENTMeasures of Residential Energy Consumption and Their

Relationships to DOE Policy MR-1105.0

E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY—MANAGEMENT—ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Using Process Redesign to Improve DoD's Environmental SecurityProgram: Remediation Program Management MR-1024

11

EARTH SCIENCES AND STATEData Policy Issues and Barriers to Using Commercial Resources


EARTH SCIENCES—REMOTE SENSING—INTERNATIONALCOOPERATION

Data Policy Issues and Barriers to Using Commercial Resourcesfor Mission to Planet Earth DB-247

ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING—RESEARCH—UNITEDSTATES—CASE STUDIES



ECONOMETRICSEconomic Openness: Many Facets, Many Metrics MR-1072

ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNIONEuroland, Open for Business RP-837

ECONOMIC FORECASTING—EUROPE, WESTERNEuroland, Open for Business RP-837

EDUCATION, HIGHER—COSTS—MATHEMATICAL MODELSDoes It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? Cross Cohort


EDUCATION, HIGHER—ECONOMIC ASPECTS—MATHEMATICAL MODELS

Does It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? Cross CohortEvidence on the Effects of College Quality on Earnings LRP-199901-01

EDUCATION, HIGHER—SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS,ETC.

Combining Service and Learning in Higher Education: Evaluationof the Learn and Serve America, Higher Education Program MR-998

EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT—SOUTH AFRICAFertility, Education and Resources in South Africa RP-757

EDUCATIONAL CHANGEAssessing the Progress of New American Schools: A Status

Report MR-1085

EDUCATIONAL EQUALIZATIONClosing the Education Gap: Benefits and Costs MR-1036

EDUCATIONAL EVALUATIONLarge-Scale Testing: Current Practices and New Directions

IP-182

EDUCATIONAL INNOVATIONSAssessing the Progress of New American Schools: A Status

Report MR-1085

EDUCATIONAL PLANNINGAssessing the Progress of New American Schools: A Status

Report MR-1085

EDUCATIONAL TESTS AND MEASUREMENTSDetecting Gender-Based Differential Item Functioning on a

Constructed-Response Science Test LRP-199900-09Teaching Practices and Student Achievement: Report of First-

Year Findings from the "Mosaic" Study of Systematic Initiativesin Mathematics and Science DRU-2083

EDUCATIONAL TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS—EVALUATIONLarge-Scale Testing: Current Practices and New Directions

IP-182

EDUCATION—CALIFORNIA—FINANCETracking K-12 Education Spending in California: An Updated

Analysis MR-1089.0

EDUCATION—DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS—SOUTH AFRICAFertility, Education and Resources in South Africa RP-757

EDUCATION—EXPERIMENTAL METHODS—EVALUATIONCombining Service and Learning in Higher Education: Evaluation


ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES—CORRUPT PRACTICESThe Economic Costs and Implications of High-Technology

Hardware Theft MR-1070

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES—CORRUPT PRACTICES—COSTSThe Economic Costs and Implications of High-Technology


ELECTRONIC MAIL SYSTEMS—GOVERNMENT POLICY—UNITED STATES—CASE STUDIES

Citizens, Computers, and Connectivity: A Review of Trends MR-1109

Sending Your Government a Message: E-Mail CommunicationBetween Citizens and Government MR-1095

ELECTRONIC MAIL SYSTEMS—SOCIAL ASPECTS—UNITEDSTATES—CASE STUDIES

Citizens, Computers, and Connectivity: A Review of Trends MR-1109

Sending Your Government a Message: E-Mail CommunicationBetween Citizens and Government MR-1095

EMPLOYEE FRINGE BENEFITSRetiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications for

Health Policy RP-836Urban-Rural Differences in Employer-Based Health Insurance

Coverage of Workers RP-749Who Gains and Who Loses with Community Rating for Small

Business? RP-793

EMPLOYEE FRINGE BENEFITS—MAINEEffects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician Participation and

Enrollee Access RP-845

EMPLOYEE FRINGE BENEFITS—MICHIGANEffects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician Participation and


EMPLOYEE FRINGE BENEFITS—OHIOMental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A Case Study of

Ohio's State Employee Program RP-754

EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974A Flood of Litigation? Predicting the Consequences of Changing

Legal Remedies Available to ERISA Beneficiaries IP-184

EMPLOYEES—TRAINING OFAcademic Skills at Work: Two Perspectives RP-805

ENDOCRINE GLANDS—EFFECT OF CHEMICALS ONThe Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Wildlife: A


ENERGY CONSUMPTION—MEASUREMENTMeasures of Residential Energy Consumption and Their


12

ENERGY POLICYMeasures of Residential Energy Consumption and Their


ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT—UNITED STATES—CASESTUDIES


ENVIRONMENTAL POLICYThe Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Wildlife: A


ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY—UNITED STATES—CASESTUDIES



ESTATE PLANNINGAnticipated and Actual Bequests DRU-2177

ESTATES (LAW)Anticipated and Actual Bequests DRU-2177

EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES—ECONOMIC POLICYEuroland, Open for Business RP-837

EUROPE—DEFENSESNATO's Adaptation and Transformation: Key Challenges

CT-159

EUROPE—ECONOMIC CONDITIONSEuropean Security After 2000: An American Perspective

P-8036

EUROPE—ECONOMIC INTEGRATIONEuroland, Open for Business RP-837

EUROPE—FOREIGN RELATIONSEuropean Security After 2000: An American Perspective

P-8036NATO Enlargement After the First Round RP-786

EUROPE—POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTEuropean Security After 2000: An American Perspective

P-8036

EUROPE—SOCIAL CONDITIONSEuropean Security After 2000: An American Perspective

P-8036

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS—COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSCitizens, Computers, and Connectivity: A Review of Trends

MR-1109Sending Your Government a Message: E-Mail Communication

Between Citizens and Government MR-1095

EXEMPLARY DAMAGES—ECONOMIC ASPECTSNewspaper Coverage of Automotive Product Liability Verdicts

RP-809Product and Stock Market Respons to Automotive Product Liability

Verdicts RP-794

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING—EVALUATIONCombining Service and Learning in Higher Education: Evaluation


FAMILIES OF MILITARY PERSONNELAn Evaluation of Housing Options for Military Families MR-1020

FAMILY DEMOGRAPHY—MALAYSIA—STATISTICSParent-Child Coresidence and Quasi-Coresidence in Peninsular

Malaysia RP-843

FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS—BANGLADESHThe 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey:

Questionnaires for Community/Provider Survey DRU-2018/3The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey:

Questionnaires for Household Survey DRU-2018/2The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey: Code Book

for Community/Provider Survey DRU-2018/5

FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS—BANGLADESH—HANDBOOKS,MANUALS, ETC.

The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey: Codebookfor Household Survey DRU-2018/4

The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey: Overviewand User's Guide DRU-2018/1

FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS—INDONESIALost but Not Forgotten: Attrition in the Indonesian Family Life

Survey DRU-2059

FAMILY LIFE SURVEYS—MALAYSIAThe Quality of Retrospective Reports in the Malaysian Family Life

Survey DRU-2226

FAMILY MEDICINE—QUALITY CONTROL—STANDARDSDevelopment of Review Criteria for Assessing the Quality of


FAMILY MEDICINE—STANDARDSQuality of Care for General Medical Conditions: A Review of the

Literature and Quality Indicators DRU-1878

FAMILY—GOVERNMENT POLICYBeyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation and Marriage in the AFDC

Program RP-750

FAMILY—INDONESIA—LONGITUDINAL STUDIESLost but Not Forgotten: Attrition in the Indonesian Family Life

Survey DRU-2059

FAMILY—MALAYSIA—LONGITUDINAL STUDIESThe Quality of Retrospective Reports in the Malaysian Family Life

Survey DRU-2226

FEDERAL AID TO CHILD HEALTH SERVICESGeographic Variation in Physician Visits for Uninsured Children :

The Role of the Safety Net RP-798

FEDERAL AID TO DAY CARE CENTERS—DATABASESAn Analysis of the Child and Adult Care Food Program in Child


FEDERAL AID TO LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIESNeeds and Prospects for Crime-Fighting Technology: The Federal


FERTILITY, HUMANU.S. Abortion Policy and Fertility RP-800

FERTILITY, HUMAN—ECONOMIC ASPECTSThe Economics of Fertility in Developed Countries: A Survey

RP-726

FERTILITY, HUMAN—INDONESIAThe Relationship Between Infant and Child Mortality and


13

FERTILITY, HUMAN—INDONESIA—LONGITUDINAL STUDIESLost but Not Forgotten: Attrition in the Indonesian Family Life

Survey DRU-2059

FERTILITY, HUMAN—MALAYSIA—LONGITUDINAL STUDIESThe Quality of Retrospective Reports in the Malaysian Family Life

Survey DRU-2226

FERTILITY, HUMAN—SOCIAL ASPECTS—SOUTH AFRICAFertility, Education and Resources in South Africa RP-757

FIREARMS—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELESHow Youthful Offenders Perceive Gun Violence DB-271

FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATIONMilitary Use of Drugs Not Yet Approved by FDA for CW/BW


FOREIGN RELATIONSThe Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information

Strategy MR-1033Interagency and International Assignments and Officer Career

Management MR-1116Iran, Limits to Rapprochement: Statement for the Committee on

Foreign Relations; Subcommittee on Near Eastern and SouthAsian Affairs CT-158-1

FOREIGN RELATIONS—CHINACongage China IP-187

FOREIGN RELATIONS—CYPRUSU.S. Policy Toward Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean:


FOREIGN RELATIONS—EUROPEEuropean Security After 2000: An American Perspective

P-8036NATO Enlargement After the First Round RP-786

FOREIGN RELATIONS—IRANIran, Limits to Rapprochement: Statement for the Committee on


FOREIGN RELATIONS—MEDITERRANEAN REGIONU.S. Policy Toward Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean:


FOREST MANAGEMENT—REMOTE SENSINGForest Monitoring and Remote Sensing: A Survey of

Accomplishments and Opportunities for the Future MR-1111.0

FORESTS AND FORESTRY—REMOTE SENSINGForest Monitoring and Remote Sensing: A Survey of


FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS—FOREIGN RELATIONS—CHINA

Chinese Policy Toward Russia and the Central Asian Republics MR-1045

FREE TRADE—ECONOMETRIC MODELSEconomic Openness: Many Facets, Many Metrics MR-1072

GENETIC ENGINEERINGCloning Human Beings: Recent Scientific and Policy


GEOPOLITICSThe Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information

Strategy MR-1033

GOVERNMENT INFORMATION AGENCIES—EVALUATIONGlobal Science and Technology Information: A New Spin on

Access MR-1079

GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP—CHINAThe Heart of Economic Reform: China's Banking Reform and


GRANDPARENT AND CHILDGrandparent Care and Welfare: Assessing the Impact of Public

Policy on Split and Three Generation Families DRU-2166Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren: What Do We Know?

LRP-199903-02

GRANDPARENTS AS PARENTSGrandparent Care and Welfare: Assessing the Impact of Public


LRP-199903-02

GRANDPARENTS—FAMILY RELATIONSHIPSGrandparent Care and Welfare: Assessing the Impact of Public


LRP-199903-02

GRANTS-IN-AIDCombining Service and Learning in Higher Education: Evaluation


GREECE—FOREIGN RELATIONS—TURKEYGreek Security Concerns in the Balkans RP-780

GREEN TECHNOLOGY—RESEARCH—UNITED STATES—CASE STUDIES



GROUNDWATER—HEALTH ASPECTS—CALIFORNIAGroundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Water: Birth Outcomes in

Los Angeles County, 1982–1993 MR-1077

HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE REMEDIATIONUsing Process Redesign to Improve DoD's Environmental Security


HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES—CALIFORNIA—PLANNINGDetermining Optimal Pollution Control Policies: An Application of

Bilevel Programming LRP-199911-01

HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES—PLANNINGDetermining Optimal Pollution Control Policies: An Application of


HAZARDOUS WASTES—CALIFORNIA—MANAGEMENTDetermining Optimal Pollution Control Policies: An Application of


HAZARDOUS WASTES—GOVERNMENT POLICYUsing Process Redesign to Improve DoD's Environmental Security


HAZARDOUS WASTES—LAW AND LEGISLATION—ECONOMIC ASPECTS


HAZARDOUS WASTES—MANAGEMENTUsing Process Redesign to Improve DoD's Environmental Security


14

HAZARDOUS WASTES—MANAGEMENT—GOVERNMENTPOLICY

Determining Optimal Pollution Control Policies: An Application ofBilevel Programming LRP-199911-01

HEALTH ATTITUDESRelationship Between Age and Patients' Current Health State

Preferences LRP-199906-02

HEALTH CARE REFORMA Flood of Litigation? Predicting the Consequences of Changing

Legal Remedies Available to ERISA Beneficiaries IP-184

HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONSSubstance Abuse Service Utilization under Managed Care: HMOs

Versus Carve-Out Plans LRP-199911-02

HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS—FLORIDACost-Containment and Adverse Selection in Medicaid HMOs

RP-815

HEALTH PLANNING—CALIFORNIAThe Urgent Need for a California Asthma Program CT-155

HEALTH POLICY—ASIAPolicy and Health: Implications for Development in Asia

HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITYThe Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs and Barriers on

Access to Medical Care for Persons with HumanImmunodeficiency Virus Receiving Care in the United States LRP-199912-04

HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY—CALIFORNIA—LOSANGLES


HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY—NEW YORK (STATE)—NEW YORK

Underuse of Cardiac Procedures: Do Women, Ethnic Minorities,and the Uninsured Fail to Receive NeededRevascularization? RP-766

HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATIONChoosing and Evaluating Clinical Performance Measures

RP-758Creating a Coordinated Autos/UAW Reporting System (CARS) for

Evaluating Health Plan Performance DRU-2123Developing Health Plan Performance Reports: Responding to the

BBA DRU-2122How Good Is the Quality of Health Care in the United States?

RP-751The Outcomes Utility Index: Will Outcomes Data Tell Us What We

Want to Know? RP-759

HEALTH SURVEYSPsychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Measures

RP-769

HEALTH SURVEYS—BANGLADESHThe 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey:




HEALTH SURVEYS—BANGLADESH—HANDBOOKS,MANUALS, ETC.



HEALTH SURVEYS—METHODOLOGYRe-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging to the 1994


HEALTH SURVEYS—STATISTICAL METHODSRe-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging to the 1994


HEARING LOSS, PARTIAL—AGE FACTORSThe Associations Between Self-Rated Vision and Hearing and

Functional Status in Middle Age RP-788

HEMODIALYSIS—COSTSCost Functions for Dialysis Facilities and the Quality of Dialysis

LRP-199902-01

HEMODIALYSIS—EVALUATIONCost Functions for Dialysis Facilities and the Quality of Dialysis

LRP-199902-01

HIGH ALTITUDE ENDURANCE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE(HAE UAV)

Innovative Management in the DARPA High Altitude EnduranceUnmanned Aerial Vehicle Program: Phase II Experience MR-1054

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS—ATTITUDESEnlistment Decisions in the 1990s: Evidence from Individual-Level

Data MR-944

HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES—CORRUPT PRACTICESThe Economic Costs and Implications of High-Technology


HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES—CORRUPT PRACTICES—COSTS

The Economic Costs and Implications of High-TechnologyHardware Theft MR-1070

HIV (VIRUSES)—CALIFORNIA—PREVENTIONResearch on Syringe Exchange Programs in California: Summary

Remarks Made to the California Assembly HealthCommittee CT-154

Research on Syringe Exchange Programs in California: SummaryRemarks Made to the California Senate Committee on PublicSafety, the Senate Committee on Health and Human Services,and the Assembly Committee on Public Safety CT-153

HIV (VIRUSES)—CALIFORNIA—TRANSMISSIONResearch on Syringe Exchange Programs in California: Summary



HIV INFECTIONS—PREVENTIONHIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: The Public Sector's

Role in Reducing HIV Risk and Improving Care RP-784

HIV INFECTIONS—TRANSMISSION—RESEARCH—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELES COUNTY

Using Qualitative Methods to Study the Hidden World of OffstreetProstitution in Los Angeles County RP-762

HIV INFECTIONS—TREATMENTHIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: The Public Sector's


15

HIV INFECTIONS—TREATMENT—EVALUATIONQuality of Care for Oncologic Conditions and HIV: A Review of


HIV-POSITIVE PERSONSThe Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs and Barriers on


HOME-BASED FAMILY SERVICES—CALIFORNIA—LOSANGELES


HOSPITAL MERGERS—ECONOMIC ASPECTSMarket Power and Hospital Pricing: Are Nonprofits Different?

LRP-199905-01

HOSPITALS—ADMINISTRATIONMarket Power and Hospital Pricing: Are Nonprofits Different?

LRP-199905-01Price Competition and Hospital Cost Growth in the United States

(1989–1994) LRP-199905-04

HOSPITALS—RATESMarket Power and Hospital Pricing: Are Nonprofits Different?


(1989–1994) LRP-199905-04

HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS—BANGLADESHThe 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey:




HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS—BANGLADESH—HANDBOOKS,MANUALS, ETC.



HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS—INDONESIAConceptualizing Poverty: A Look Inside the Indonesian

Household DRU-2180Measuring Change in Indonesia DRU-2014The Real Costs of Indonesia's Economic Crisis: Preliminary

Findings from the Indonesia Family Life Surveys DRU-2064

HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS—METHODOLOGYAnchoring and Acquiescence Bias in Measuring Assets in

Household Surveys DRU-2037

HOUSING—COSTSAn Evaluation of Housing Options for Military Families MR-1020

HUMAN CLONING—MORAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTSCloning Human Beings: Recent Scientific and Policy


HUMAN SERVICES—CALIFORNIA—EVALUATIONThe Pace of CalWORKs Implementation CT-165Welfare Reform in California. Appendix: Results of the 1998 All-





HYPERTENSION—TREATMENT—EVALUATIONQuality Indicators for Hypertension DRU-2104

HYSTERECTOMYQuality of Life Among Women Undergoing Hysterectomies

RP-796

IMPRISONMENT—ECONOMIC ASPECTSComparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory Minimum

Sentences and Other Federal Enforcement Programs CT-162

IMPRISONMENT—GOVERNMENT POLICYComparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory Minimum


INDONESIA—ECONOMIC CONDITIONSConceptualizing Poverty: A Look Inside the Indonesian

Household DRU-2180Measuring Change in Indonesia DRU-2014The Real Costs of Indonesia's Economic Crisis: Preliminary

Findings from the Indonesia Family Life Surveys DRU-2064

INDONESIA—ECONOMIC POLICYConceptualizing Poverty: A Look Inside the Indonesian

Household DRU-2180

INDONESIA—POPULATION—LONGITUDINAL STUDIESLost but Not Forgotten: Attrition in the Indonesian Family Life

Survey DRU-2059

INDONESIA—STATISTICS, VITALThe Relationship Between Infant and Child Mortality and


INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENTFrom Channel Diversity to Channel Strategy DRU-2165Information Technology and Strategic Sales Management

DRU-2164Segment Strategies and the Resource-Based View of the Firm

DRU-2163Strategic Segmentation: The Strategy-Capabilities Link in

Services DRU-2162

INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGYThe Influence of Organizational Context on Quitting Intention: An

Examination of Treatment Staff in Long-Term Mental HealthCare Settings LRP-199903-01

INFANTS (NEWBORN)—CARE—FLORIDAMedicaid Eligibility Expansion in Florida: Effects on Maternity

Care Financing and the Delivery System RP-797

INFANTS (NEWBORN)—HEALTH AND HYGIENE—FLORIDAMedicaid Eligibility Expansion in Florida: Effects on Maternity


INFANTS (NEWBORNS)—HEALTH AND HYGIENE—CALIFORNIA

Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Water: Birth Outcomes inLos Angeles County, 1982–1993 MR-1077

INFANTS—INDONESIA—MORTALITYThe Relationship Between Infant and Child Mortality and


INFORMATION POLICYThe Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information

Strategy MR-1033

16

INFORMATION SERVICES—SECURITY MEASURESSecuring the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure: A Proposed

Approach MR-993

INFORMATION SERVICES—SECURITY MEASURES—CONGRESSES


INFORMATION SOCIETYThe Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information

Strategy MR-1033

INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY—SECURITY MEASURESSecuring the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure: A Proposed

Approach MR-993

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY—MIDDLE EAST—POLITICALASPECTS

The Information Revolution and Political Opposition in the MiddleEast RP-813

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY—POLITICAL ASPECTSThe Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information

Strategy MR-1033

INFORMATION WARFARESecuring the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure: A Proposed

Approach MR-993

INFORMATION WARFARE—PREVENTIONCountering the New Terrorism MR-989

INFORMATION WARFARE—UNITED STATES—CONGRESSESResearch and Development Initiatives Focused on Preventing,


INHERITANCE AND SUCCESSIONAnticipated and Actual Bequests DRU-2177

INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL JUSTICE (U.S.)Helping Shape Civil Justice Policy: 1998 Annual Report

AR-7006

INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES (STATISTICS)Effectiveness Research and Implications for Study Design:

Sample Size and Statistical Power LRP-199907-02

INSURANCE CRIMESThe Frequency of Excess Claims for Automobile Personal

Injuries LRP-199900-02

INSURANCE, AUTOMOBILE—COSTSThe Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out of Tort Law in the

United States RP-745The Effects of a Choice Automobile Insurance Plan on Insurance

Costs and Compensation: An Analysis Based on 1997 Data MR-1134

INSURANCE, AUTOMOBILE—RATES—CALIFORNIAEstimating the Effects of "No-Pay, No-Play" Auto Insurance Plans

on the Costs of Auto Insurance: The Effects of Proposition213 LRP-199900-03

INSURANCE, DISABILITY—LAW AND LEGISLATIONSupplemental Security Income (SSI), Disability Insurance (DI), and


INSURANCE, GROUP—OHIOMental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A Case Study of


INSURANCE, HEALTHDirect Contracts, Data Sharing and Employee Risk Selection:


Geographic Variation in Physician Visits for Uninsured Children :The Role of the Safety Net RP-798

Insurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs: Effects on Use andExpenditures in the Medicare Population DRU-2073

Making Survey Results Easy to Report to Consumers: HowReporting Needs Guided Survey Design in CAHPS RP-770

Retiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications forHealth Policy RP-836

Urban-Rural Differences in Employer-Based Health InsuranceCoverage of Workers RP-749

Who Gains and Who Loses with Community Rating for SmallBusiness? RP-793

INSURANCE, HEALTH—ECONOMIC ASPECTSInsurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs: Effects on Use and

Expenditures in the Medicare Population DRU-2073Pooled Purchasing: Who Are the Players? RP-814

INSURANCE, HEALTH—EVALUATIONEpilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS Demonstrations and

Evaluations RP-775Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Measures

RP-769Special Issues Addressed in the CAHPS Survey of Medicare

Managed Care Beneficiaries RP-772

INSURANCE, HEALTH—GOVERNMENT POLICYRetiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications for

Health Policy RP-836State Mental Health Parity Laws: Cause or Consequences of

Differences in Use? LRP-199909-03

INSURANCE, HEALTH—MAINEEffects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician Participation and


INSURANCE, HEALTH—MICHIGANEffects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician Participation and


INSURANCE, HEALTH—OHIOMental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A Case Study of


INSURANCE, HEALTH—PREMIUMSWho Gains and Who Loses with Community Rating for Small

Business? RP-793

INSURANCE, MENTAL HEALTH—COSTSHow Expensive Are Unlimited Substance Abuse Benefits under

Managed Care? LRP-199905-02

INSURANCE, MENTAL HEALTH—GOVERNMENT POLICYState Mental Health Parity Laws: Cause or Consequences of


INSURANCE, MENTAL HEALTH—OHIOMental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A Case Study of


INSURANCE, NO-FAULT AUTOMOBILE—COSTSThe Effects of a Choice Automobile Insurance Plan on Insurance

Costs and Compensation: An Analysis Based on 1997 Data MR-1134

INSURANCE, NO-FAULT AUTOMOBILE—LAW ANDLEGISLATION—CALIFORNIA

Estimating the Effects of "No-Pay, No-Play" Auto Insurance Planson the Costs of Auto Insurance: The Effects of Proposition213 LRP-199900-03

17

INSURANCE, NO-FAULT AUTOMOBILE—UNITED STATES—STATES


INSURANCE, PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICESInsurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs: Effects on Use and


INSURANCE, UNINSURED MOTORIST—LAW ANDLEGISLATION—CALIFORNIA

Estimating the Effects of "No-Pay, No-Play" Auto Insurance Planson the Costs of Auto Insurance: The Effects of Proposition213 LRP-199900-03

INTEGRATED LOGISTIC SUPPORTMicroworld Simulations for Command and Control Training of


INTELLIGENCE LEVELS—SOCIAL ASPECTSThe Intergenerational Transmission of "Intelligence": Down the


INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS—MALAYSIA—STATISTICS

Parent-Child Coresidence and Quasi-Coresidence in PeninsularMalaysia RP-843

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSEconomic Openness: Many Facets, Many Metrics MR-1072

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSThe Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information

Strategy MR-1033

INTERNATIONAL TRADE—ECONOMETRIC MODELSEconomic Openness: Many Facets, Many Metrics MR-1072

INTERNET (COMPUTER NETWORK)The Information Revolution and Political Opposition in the Middle

East RP-813

IRAN—FOREIGN RELATIONSIran, Limits to Rapprochement: Statement for the Committee on


ISRAEL—ARMED FORCESPredicting Military Innovation DB-242

JUDGESDo We Need an Empirical Research Agenda on Judicial


JUDICIAL POWERDo We Need an Empirical Research Agenda on Judicial


JURYGoal Conflict in Juror Assessments of Compensatory and Punitive

Damages RP-830

JUST-IN-TIME SYSTEMSLean Logistics: High-Velocity Logistics Infrastructure and the C-5

Galaxy MR-581

JUSTICE, ADMINISTRATION OFDo We Need an Empirical Research Agenda on Judicial


JUVENILE DELINQUENTS—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELESHow Youthful Offenders Perceive Gun Violence DB-271

KOREA (NORTH)—FOREIGN RELATIONS—KOREA (SOUTH)The Two Koreas in 1998: Dealing with Adversity P-8038

KOREA (NORTH)—POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTPreparing for Korean Unification: Scenarios and Implications

MR-1040The Two Koreas in 1998: Dealing with Adversity P-8038

KOREA (SOUTH)—FOREIGN RELATIONS—KOREA (NORTH)The Two Koreas in 1998: Dealing with Adversity P-8038

KOREA (SOUTH)—FOREIGN RELATIONS—PUBLIC OPINIONThe Shape of Korea's Future: South Korean Attitudes Toward

Unification and Long-Term Security Issues MR-1092

KOREA (SOUTH)—POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTThe Shape of Korea's Future: South Korean Attitudes Toward

Unification and Long-Term Security Issues MR-1092The Two Koreas in 1998: Dealing with Adversity P-8038

KOREAN REUNIFICATION QUESTION (1945-)Preparing for Korean Unification: Scenarios and Implications

MR-1040

KOREAN REUNIFICATION QUESTION (1945-)—PUBLICOPINION

The Shape of Korea's Future: South Korean Attitudes TowardUnification and Long-Term Security Issues MR-1092

KOREANS—KOREA (SOUTH)—ATTITUDESThe Shape of Korea's Future: South Korean Attitudes Toward


KOREA—STRATEGIC ASPECTSPreparing for Korean Unification: Scenarios and Implications

MR-1040

KOSOVO (SERBIA)—HISTORYNATO's Adaptation and Transformation: Key Challenges

CT-159

LAND USE—GOVERNMENT POLICYDoes the Army Have a National Land Use Strategy? MR-1064

LAND USE—PLANNINGDoes the Army Have a National Land Use Strategy? MR-1064

LAW ENFORCEMENT—EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIESNeeds and Prospects for Crime-Fighting Technology: The Federal


LAW ENFORCEMENT—TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONSNeeds and Prospects for Crime-Fighting Technology: The Federal


LIABILITY (LAW)Goal Conflict in Juror Assessments of Compensatory and Punitive

Damages RP-830

LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES—ECONOMICASPECTS


LIABILITY FOR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES POLLUTIONDAMAGES—ECONOMIC ASPECTS


LIABILITY FOR TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS—UNITED STATES—STATES


18

LOGISTICSAging Aircraft: Implications for Programmed Depot Maintenance

and Engine-Supported Costs CT-149Expeditionary Airpower. Part 2: EAF Strategic Planning







Velocity Management and the Revolution in Military Logistics RP-752

LOGISTICS—MANAGEMENTMicroworld Simulations for Command and Control Training of


The Use of Microworld Simulations to Train Theater Level CSSStaffs: Training Development Considerations DB-265

LOGISTICS—STUDY AND TEACHING—SIMULATIONMETHODS


LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES—EMPLOYEES—JOBSATISFACTION

The Influence of Organizational Context on Quitting Intention: AnExamination of Treatment Staff in Long-Term Mental HealthCare Settings LRP-199903-01

LONGEVITYRelationship Between Age and Patients' Current Health State

Preferences LRP-199906-02

M2 BRADLEY INFANTRY FIGHTING VEHICLE—PROTECTIONReactive Armor Tiles for Army and Marine Corps Armored


MAIL SURVEYS—EVALUATIONComparing Telephone and Mail Responses to the CAHPS Survey

Instrument RP-771

MAJOR REGIONAL CONFLICTSWhat Are Asymmetric Strategies? DB-246

MALAYSIA—POPULATION—LONGITUDINAL STUDIESThe Quality of Retrospective Reports in the Malaysian Family Life

Survey DRU-2226

MANAGED CARE PLANS (MEDICAL CARE)Creating a Coordinated Autos/UAW Reporting System (CARS) for


BBA DRU-2122Direct Contracts, Data Sharing and Employee Risk Selection:


Evidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed Primary CarePractices RP-841

Functioning and Utility for Current Health of Patients withDepression or Chronic Medical Conditions in Managed,Primary Care Practices RP-840

Health and Cost Benefits of Chlamydia Screening in YoungWomen RP-825

How Good Is the Quality of Health Care in the United States? RP-751

Pooled Purchasing: Who Are the Players? RP-814Quality Indicators for Hypertension DRU-2104State Mental Health Parity Laws: Cause or Consequences of

Differences in Use? LRP-199909-03Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus Network-Model

Managed Care Organizations RP-760

MANAGED CARE PLANS (MEDICAL CARE)—COSTSHow Expensive Are Unlimited Substance Abuse Benefits under


MANAGED CARE PLANS (MEDICAL CARE)—EVALUATIONSpecial Issues Addressed in the CAHPS Survey of Medicare


MANAGED CARE PLANS (MEDICAL CARE)—FINANCEThe Economic Impact of Capitated Care for High Utilizers of Public

Mental Health Services: The Los Angeles PARTNERSProgram Experience LRP-199911-06

Tracking Changes in Behavioral Health Services: How HaveCarve-Outs Changed Care? LRP-199911-03

Who Leaves Managed Behavioral Health Care? LRP-199911-04

MANAGED CARE PLANS (MEDICAL CARE)—LAW ANDLEGISLATION

A Flood of Litigation? Predicting the Consequences of ChangingLegal Remedies Available to ERISA Beneficiaries IP-184

MANAGED CARE PLANS (MEDICAL CARE)—OHIOMental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A Case Study of


MANAGED CARE PLANS (MEDICAL CARE)—QUALITYCONTROL

Quality of Care for Cardiopulmonary Conditions: A Review of theLiterature and Quality Indicators DRU-1876

Quality of Care for General Medical Conditions: A Review of theLiterature and Quality Indicators DRU-1878

Quality of Care for Oncologic Conditions and HIV: A Review ofthe Literature and Quality Indicators DRU-1877

MANAGED CARE PLANS (MEDICAL CARE)—STANDARDSQuality of Care for Cardiopulmonary Conditions: A Review of the

Literature and Quality Indicators DRU-1876Quality of Care for General Medical Conditions: A Review of the

Literature and Quality Indicators DRU-1878Quality of Care for Oncologic Conditions and HIV: A Review of


MANAGED MENTAL HEALTH CAREEffects of Substance Abuse Parity in Private Insurance Plans

under Managed Care CT-163State Mental Health Parity Laws: Cause or Consequences of

Differences in Use? LRP-199909-03Substance Abuse Service Utilization under Managed Care: HMOs

Versus Carve-Out Plans LRP-199911-02Use of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Master's-Level Therapists

in Managed Behavioral Health Care Carve-Out Plans LRP-199904-03

MANAGED MENTAL HEALTH CARE—COSTSHow Expensive Are Unlimited Substance Abuse Benefits under


MANAGED MENTAL HEALTH CARE—EVALUATIONCost and Quality Trends under Managed Care: Is There a

Learning Curve in Behavioral Health Carve-Out Plans? LRP-199909-04

19

MANAGED MENTAL HEALTH CARE—FINANCEThe Economic Impact of Capitated Care for High Utilizers of Public




MANAGED MENTAL HEALTH CARE—OHIOMental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A Case Study of


MANDATORY SENTENCES—COSTSComparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory Minimum


MARIJUANA—LAW AND LEGISLATIONWhat We Do and Don't Know About the Likely Effects of


MARINE CORPS—PROCUREMENT—COST CONTROLMarine Corps Sourcing Competitions: Historical Performance and

Directions for Improvement DB-250

MARKET SHAREMarket Power and Hospital Pricing: Are Nonprofits Different?


(1989–1994) LRP-199905-04

MARKETING—MANAGEMENTFrom Channel Diversity to Channel Strategy DRU-2165

MARRIED PEOPLE—FINANCE, PERSONALMarriage, Assets, and Savings DRU-2215

MARRIED PEOPLE—MORTALITYMortality Risk and Consumption by Couples DRU-2061

MASS MEDIANewspaper Coverage of Automotive Product Liability Verdicts

RP-809

MATERNAL AND INFANT WELFARE—GUATEMALABeliefs About Children's Illness LRP-199904-02

MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES—FLORIDAMedicaid Eligibility Expansion in Florida: Effects on Maternity


MATHEMATICAL ABILITY—TESTINGTeaching Practices and Student Achievement: Report of First-


MATHEMATICS—STUDY AND TEACHINGTeaching Practices and Student Achievement: Report of First-


MEDICAIDSpecial Issues in Assessing Care of Medicaid Recipients

RP-773

MEDICAID—FLORIDACost-Containment and Adverse Selection in Medicaid HMOs

RP-815Medicaid Eligibility Expansion in Florida: Effects on Maternity


MEDICAL CAREPooled Purchasing: Who Are the Players? RP-814

MEDICAL CARE SURVEYS—METHODOLOGYMaking Survey Results Easy to Report to Consumers: How

Reporting Needs Guided Survey Design in CAHPS RP-770Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Measures


Managed Care Beneficiaries RP-772Special Issues in Assessing Care of Medicaid Recipients

RP-773Translating the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Instruments into Spanish

RP-774The Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop and Evaluate CAHPS 1.0


MEDICAL CARE SURVEYS—METHODOLOGY—EVALUATIONEpilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS Demonstrations and

Evaluations RP-775

MEDICAL CARE SURVEYS—METHOLDOLOGYComparing Telephone and Mail Responses to the CAHPS Survey

Instrument RP-771

MEDICAL CARE SURVEYS—RELIABILITYPsychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Measures

RP-769

MEDICAL CARE SURVEYS—RESPONSE RATESpecial Issues in Assessing Care of Medicaid Recipients

RP-773

MEDICAL CARE SURVEYS—TRANSLATIONS INTO SPANISH—METHODOLOGY

Translating the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Instruments into Spanish RP-774

MEDICAL CARE SURVEYS—VALIDITYPsychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Measures

RP-769

MEDICAL CARE, COST OFEnsuring Delivery of Necessary Care in the United States:

Testimony Presented to the Senate Committee on Health,Education, Labor, and Pensions CT-152

MEDICAL CARE—COST SHIFTINGThe Economic Impact of Capitated Care for High Utilizers of Public



MEDICAL CARE—EVALUATIONComparing Telephone and Mail Responses to the CAHPS Survey

Instrument RP-771Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS Demonstrations and

Evaluations RP-775A Flood of Litigation? Predicting the Consequences of Changing

Legal Remedies Available to ERISA Beneficiaries IP-184Making Survey Results Easy to Report to Consumers: How







MEDICAL CARE—EVALUATION—BIBLIOGRAPHYThe RAND Appropriateness Method: An Annotated Bibliography

Through June 1999 RE-99.010

20

MEDICAL CARE—EVALUATION—METHODOLOGYQuality of Care for Cardiopulmonary Conditions: A Review of the




MEDICAL CARE—QUALITY CONTROLChoosing and Evaluating Clinical Performance Measures

RP-758Creating a Coordinated Autos/UAW Reporting System (CARS) for


BBA DRU-2122Ensuring Delivery of Necessary Care in the United States:

Testimony Presented to the Senate Committee on Health,Education, Labor, and Pensions CT-152

How Good Is the Quality of Health Care in the United States? RP-751

The Outcomes Utility Index: Will Outcomes Data Tell Us What WeWant to Know? RP-759

Quality Indicators for Hypertension DRU-2104Quality of Care for Cardiopulmonary Conditions: A Review of the




MEDICAL CARE—STANDARDS—BIBLIOGRAPHYChanging Professional Practice in Health Care: An Annotated

Bibliography of Studies of Perceptions in GuidelineImplementation RE-99.008

MEDICAL CARE—UTILIZATION REVIEW—BIBLIOGRAPHYThe RAND Appropriateness Method: An Annotated Bibliography

Through June 1999 RE-99.010

MEDICAL CARE—UTILIZATION—NEW YORK (STATE)Underuse of Cardiac Procedures: Do Women, Ethnic Minorities,

and the Uninsured Fail to Receive NeededRevascularization? RP-766

MEDICAL ECONOMICSHealthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relation Between

Health and Economic Status RP-802

MEDICAL PERSONNEL—ATTITUDES—BIBLIOGRAPHYChanging Professional Practice in Health Care: An Annotated


MEDICAL PLANNING—GOVERNMENT POLICY—ASIAPolicy and Health: Implications for Development in Asia

MEDICAL POLICYThe Design of Partners in Care: Evaluating the Cost Effectiveness


MEDICAL POLICY—CALIFORNIAThe Urgent Need for a California Asthma Program CT-155

MEDICAL PROTOCOLS—BIBLIOGRAPHYChanging Professional Practice in Health Care: An Annotated


MEDICAL RECORDS—ACCESS CONTROLDirect Contracts, Data Sharing and Employee Risk Selection:


MEDICAL RECORDS—LAW AND LEGISLATIONDirect Contracts, Data Sharing and Employee Risk Selection:


MEDICAREInsurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs: Effects on Use and

Expenditures in the Medicare Population DRU-2073Interim Report, Evaluation Plan for the Medicare-DoD Subvention

Demonstration MR-1106.0Special Issues Addressed in the CAHPS Survey of Medicare


MEDITERRANEAN REGION—FOREIGN RELATIONSU.S. Policy Toward Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean:


MEDITERRANEAN REGION—STRATEGIC ASPECTSU.S. Policy Toward Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean:


MENTAL HEALTH PERSONNELUse of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Master's-Level Therapists


MENTAL HEALTH PERSONNEL—JOB SATISFACTIONThe Influence of Organizational Context on Quitting Intention: An


MENTAL HEALTH POLICYThe Economic Impact of Capitated Care for High Utilizers of Public




MENTAL HEALTH SERVICESThe Design of Healthcare for Communities: A Study of Health


MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES—COSTSCost and Quality Trends under Managed Care: Is There a


MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES—EVALUATIONCost and Quality Trends under Managed Care: Is There a


Evidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed Primary CarePractices RP-841

Functioning and Utility for Current Health of Patients withDepression or Chronic Medical Conditions in Managed,Primary Care Practices RP-840


MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES—FINANCEThe Economic Impact of Capitated Care for High Utilizers of Public




MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES—UTILIZATIONState Mental Health Parity Laws: Cause or Consequences of


21

MENTALLY ILL—CAREHIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: The Public Sector's


MENTALLY ILL—EMPLOYMENTLabor Force Participation by Persons with Mental Illness

LRP-199911-05

MIDDLE EAST—POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTCoup-Proofing: Its Practice and Consequences in the Middle

East RP-844The Information Revolution and Political Opposition in the Middle

East RP-813

MIDDLE EAST—POPULATION—POLITICAL ASPECTSThe Information Revolution and Political Opposition in the Middle

East RP-813

MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE"—We Band of Brothers": The Call for Joint Urban Operations

Doctrine DB-270Fox Trot: Seeking Preparedness for Military Urban Operations

RP-799Information Superiority and Game Theory: The Value of


Wargame MR-1023Predicting Military Innovation DB-242What Are Asymmetric Strategies? DB-246

MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE—AUTOMATIONStrategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of Information in

Warfare MR-1016

MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE—CHINAThe United States and a Rising China: Strategic and Military


MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE—TECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONS

The Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts and Technologiesfor the Light Battle Force DB-258

Past Revolutions, Future Transformations: What Can the Historyof Revolutions in Military Affairs Tell Us About Transformingthe U.S. Military? MR-1029

MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE—TECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONS—HISTORY


MILITARY BASES—WASTE DISPOSAL—ENVIRONMENTALASPECTS


MILITARY DEPENDENTS—HOUSING—DECISION MAKINGAn Evaluation of Housing Options for Military Families MR-1020

MILITARY DEPENDENTS—SERVICES FORIncreasing a Sense of Community in the Military: The Role of


MILITARY DOCTRINE"—We Band of Brothers": The Call for Joint Urban Operations

Doctrine DB-270Expeditionary Airpower. Part 2: EAF Strategic Planning





Fox Trot: Seeking Preparedness for Military Urban Operations RP-799

MILITARY EDUCATIONSeeing the Lighthouse — as Simple as the ASBC? Facilitating

Organizational Change in the U.S. Air Force RGSD-148Staffing Army ROTC at Colleges and Universities: Alternatives for

Reducing the Use of Active-Duty Soldiers MR-992

MILITARY EDUCATION—EVALUATIONConsolidating Active and Reserve Component Training

Infrastructure MR-1012The Total Army School System: Recommendations for Future



MILITARY EDUCATION—PLANNINGConsolidating Active and Reserve Component Training




MILITARY EDUCATION—SIMULATION METHODSMicroworld Simulations for Command and Control Training of


The Use of Microworld Simulations to Train Theater Level CSSStaffs: Training Development Considerations DB-265

MILITARY LIFE—SOCIAL ASPECTSIncreasing a Sense of Community in the Military: The Role of


MILITARY OPERATIONS ON URBANIZED TERRAIN (MOUT)"—We Band of Brothers": The Call for Joint Urban Operations

Doctrine DB-270

MILITARY PLANNINGAir Power as a Coercive Instrument MR-1061Defining a Common Planning Framework for the Air Force

MR-1006Planning America's Security: Lessons from the National Defense

Panel MR-1049Principles for Determining the Air Force Active/Reserve Mix

MR-1091Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: A Retrospective

Look at Joint Staff Participation DB-236Strategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of Information in

Warfare MR-1016The Use of Microworld Simulations to Train Theater Level CSS

Staffs: Training Development Considerations DB-265What Are Asymmetric Strategies? DB-246

MILITARY PLANNING—HISTORYPast Revolutions, Future Transformations: What Can the History

of Revolutions in Military Affairs Tell Us About Transformingthe U.S. Military? MR-1029

MILITARY POLICYCountering the New Terrorism MR-989Expeditionary Airpower. Part 2: EAF Strategic Planning





22


Planning a Ballistic Missile Defense System of Systems: AnAdaptive Strategy IP-181

Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: A RetrospectiveLook at Joint Staff Participation DB-236

MILITARY POLICY—PLANNING—METHODOLOGYAnalytical Methods for Studies and Experiments on "Transforming

the Force" DB-278

MILITARY READINESSAnalytical Methods for Studies and Experiments on "Transforming

the Force" DB-278

MILITARY RESEARCHUse of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future Army Needs

MR-997

MILITARY RESEARCH—COST CONTROL—PLANNINGAn Approach for Efficiently Managing DoD Research and

Development Portfolios RP-791Conducting Collaborative Research with Nontraditional

Suppliers RP-790

MILITARY RESERVATIONSDoes the Army Have a National Land Use Strategy? MR-1064

MINORITIES—EDUCATION—ECONOMIC ASPECTSClosing the Education Gap: Benefits and Costs MR-1036

MINORITY TEACHERS—SUPPLY AND DEMAND—TEXAS—LONGITUDINAL STUDIES

Staffing At-Risk School Districts in Texas: Problems andProspects MR-1083

MISSION TO PLANET EARTH (PROGRAM)Data Policy Issues and Barriers to Using Commercial Resources


MONETARY UNIONS—EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIESEuroland, Open for Business RP-837

MOTHERS—EMPLOYMENTWelfare Background, Attitudes, and Employment Among New

Mothers RP-738

MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION—NEW YORK(STATE)—NEW YORK

Underuse of Cardiac Procedures: Do Women, Ethnic Minorities,and the Uninsured Fail to Receive NeededRevascularization? RP-766

NARCOTIC ADDICTS—LEGAL STATUS, LAWS, ETC.Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Disability Insurance (DI), and


NARCOTIC LAWSComparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory Minimum



NARCOTICS, CONTROL OFToward a Psychology of Harm Reduction RP-777

NATIONAL DEFENSE PANELPlanning America's Security: Lessons from the National Defense

Panel MR-1049

NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY (U.S.)Re-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging to the 1994


NATIONAL SECURITYCountering the New Terrorism MR-989Interagency and International Assignments and Officer Career

Management MR-1116Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: A Retrospective

Look at Joint Staff Participation DB-236Securing the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure: A Proposed

Approach MR-993

NATIONAL SECURITY—ASIA, CENTRALNATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074

NATIONAL SECURITY—BALKAN PENINSULAGreek Security Concerns in the Balkans RP-780

NATIONAL SECURITY—CASPIAN SEA REGIONNATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074

NATIONAL SECURITY—CAUCASUSNATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074

NATIONAL SECURITY—EUROPENATO's Adaptation and Transformation: Key Challenges

CT-159

NATIONAL SECURITY—KOREAThe Two Koreas in 1998: Dealing with Adversity P-8038

NATIONAL SECURITY—KOREA (SOUTH)—PUBLIC OPINIONThe Shape of Korea's Future: South Korean Attitudes Toward


NATIONAL SECURITY—MEDITERRANEAN REGIONThe Changing Mediterranean Security Environment: A

Transatlantic Perspective RP-778U.S. Policy Toward Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean:


NATIONAL SECURITY—MIDDLE EAST—CONGRESSESNATO's New Strategic Concept and Peripheral Contingencies:

The Middle East CF-149

NATIONAL SECURITY—PLANNINGPlanning America's Security: Lessons from the National Defense

Panel MR-1049

NATIONAL SECURITY—PLANNING—METHODOLOGYAnalytical Methods for Studies and Experiments on "Transforming

the Force" DB-278

NATIONAL SECURITY—TAIWANTaiwan's National Security, Defense Policy and Weapons

Procurement Process MR-1128

NATIONAL SECURITY—UNITED STATES—CONGRESSESResearch and Development Initiatives Focused on Preventing,


NATIONAL SERVICE—EVALUATIONCombining Service and Learning in Higher Education: Evaluation


NATURE AND NURTUREThe Intergenerational Transmission of "Intelligence": Down the


NAVY—PROCUREMENTThe Arsenal Ship Acquisition Process Experience: Contrasting

and Common Impressions from the Contractor Teams andJoint Program Office MR-1030

23

NAVY—WEAPONS SYSTEMS—COSTSThe Arsenal Ship Acquisition Process Experience: Contrasting


NEEDLE EXCHANGE PROGRAMS—CALIFORNIAResearch on Syringe Exchange Programs in California: Summary



NEEDLE EXCHANGE PROGRAMS—UNITED STATES—STATES

Research on Syringe Exchange Programs in California: SummaryRemarks Made to the California Assembly HealthCommittee CT-154


NEW AMERICAN SCHOOLS (ORGANIZATION)Assessing the Progress of New American Schools: A Status

Report MR-1085

NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES—TREATMENT—EVALUATION

Development of Review Criteria for Assessing the Quality ofManagement of Stable Angina, Adult Asthma, and Non-InsulinDependent Diabetes Mellitus in General Practice LRP-199900-06

NONTARIFF TRADE BARRIERS—ECONOMETRIC MODELSEconomic Openness: Many Facets, Many Metrics MR-1072

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATIONNATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074NATO's Adaptation and Transformation: Key Challenges

CT-159

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION—MEDITERRANEAN REGION

The Changing Mediterranean Security Environment: ATransatlantic Perspective RP-778

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION—MEMBERSHIPNATO Enlargement After the First Round RP-786NATO's Adaptation and Transformation: Key Challenges

CT-159

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION—MIDDLEEAST—CONGRESSES

NATO's New Strategic Concept and Peripheral Contingencies:The Middle East CF-149

NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROLPlanning a Ballistic Missile Defense System of Systems: An

Adaptive Strategy IP-181

NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATIONManaging Wastes with and Without Plutonium Separation

P-8035

NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS—WASTE DISPOSALManaging Wastes with and Without Plutonium Separation

P-8035

OLD AGE PENSIONSRetiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications for

Health Policy RP-836

OLIN CORPORATION—MANAGEMENT—ENVIRONMENTALASPECTS


OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (MEDICAL CARE)Effectiveness Research and Implications for Study Design:

Sample Size and Statistical Power LRP-199907-02The Outcomes Utility Index: Will Outcomes Data Tell Us What We

Want to Know? RP-759

OUTER SPACE—CIVILIAN USEThe Changing Role of the U.S. Military in Space MR-895

PARENT AND ADULT CHILD—MALAYSIA—STATISTICSParent-Child Coresidence and Quasi-Coresidence in Peninsular

Malaysia RP-843

PATIENT SATISFACTIONComparing Telephone and Mail Responses to the CAHPS Survey

Instrument RP-771Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS Demonstrations and

Evaluations RP-775Making Survey Results Easy to Report to Consumers: How


RP-769Quality of Life Among Women Undergoing Hysterectomies






PERSIAN GULF REGION—STRATEGIC ASPECTSPolitical Violence and Stability in the States of the Northern

Persian Gulf MR-1021

PERSIAN GULF SYNDROMEMilitary Use of Drugs Not Yet Approved by FDA for CW/BW

Defense : Lessons from the Gulf War MR-1018/9A Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War




PERSIAN GULF WAR, 1991—HEALTH ASPECTSA Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War




PERSIAN GULF WAR, 1991—VETERANS—DISEASESA Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War




PERSONAL INJURIES—UNITED STATES—STATESThe Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out of Tort Law in the

United States RP-745

PHARMACEUTICAL POLICYMilitary Use of Drugs Not Yet Approved by FDA for CW/BW


24

POLITICAL SCIENCEThe Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information

Strategy MR-1033

POLITICAL STABILITY—EUROPENATO Enlargement After the First Round RP-786

POLITICAL STABILITY—PERSIAN GULF REGIONPolitical Violence and Stability in the States of the Northern


POLITICAL VIOLENCE—MIDDLE EASTThe Information Revolution and Political Opposition in the Middle

East RP-813

POLITICAL VIOLENCE—PERSIAN GULF REGIONPolitical Violence and Stability in the States of the Northern


POLLUTION—ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTSThe Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Wildlife: A


POLLUTION—GOVERNMENT POLICYDetermining Optimal Pollution Control Policies: An Application of


POLLUTION—GOVERNMENT POLICY—CALIFORNIADetermining Optimal Pollution Control Policies: An Application of


POOR—INDONESIAConceptualizing Poverty: A Look Inside the Indonesian

Household DRU-2180

POPULATION ASSISTANCE—DEVELOPING COUNTRIESLa Pianificazione Familiare Nei Paesi in Via Di Sviluppo: Un






POPULATION RESEARCH—GOVERNMENT POLICYThe Importance of International Demographic Research for the

United States MR-1129.0

POPULATION—GOVERNMENT POLICYHow Does Congress Approach Population and Family Planning

Issues? Results of Qualitative Interviews with LegislativeDirectors MR-1048

PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENTQuadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: A Retrospective


PORTUGAL—ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS—SIMULATION METHODS

A Seminar Game to Analyze Regional Governance Options forPortugal MR-1031

PORTUGAL—POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTA Seminar Game to Analyze Regional Governance Options for

Portugal MR-1031

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN CHILDREN—UNITED STATES —TREATMENT

How Can We Prevent Emotional Disturbances in Youth Exposedto Violence in Schools? LRP-199909-02

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER—TREATMENTCognitive-Behavioral Theory and Treatment of Posttraumatic

Stress Disorder LRP-199900-05A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress Inoculation Training,


POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER—TREATMENT—COST EFFECTIVENESS

Cost-Effectiveness Issues in the Treatment of PosttraumaticStress Disorder LRP-199900-07

POSTEMPLOYMENT BENEFITSRetiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications for


PRENATAL CARE—FLORIDAMedicaid Eligibility Expansion in Florida: Effects on Maternity


PRESERVATION OF ORGANS, TISSUES, ETC.—HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC.—DIRECTORIES


PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES FOR CHILDREN—UTILIZATION—CALIFORNIA


PRIMARY CARE (MEDICINE)The Design of Partners in Care: Evaluating the Cost Effectiveness

of Improving Care for Depression in Primary Care RP-761Evidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed Primary Care




PRIMARY HEALTH CARE—GOVERNMENT POLICY—ASIAPolicy and Health: Implications for Development in Asia

PRISON SENTENCES—COSTSComparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory Minimum


PRIVACY, RIGHT OFDirect Contracts, Data Sharing and Employee Risk Selection:


PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES—EVALUATIONDoes It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? Cross Cohort


PROBLEM CHILDREN—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELESThe Arts and Prosocial Impact Study: Program Characteristics


PRODUCTS LIABILITY—AUTOMOBILES—ECONOMICASPECTS

Newspaper Coverage of Automotive Product Liability Verdicts RP-809

Product and Stock Market Respons to Automotive Product LiabilityVerdicts RP-794

PRODUCTS LIABILITY—ECONOMIC ASPECTSNewspaper Coverage of Automotive Product Liability Verdicts

RP-809

25

Product and Stock Market Respons to Automotive Product LiabilityVerdicts RP-794

PROGRAM BUDGETINGImproving the Army Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and


PROSTITUTES—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELES COUNTYDrawing a Probability Sample of Female Prostitutes in Los

Angeles County RP-767Using Qualitative Methods to Study the Hidden World of Offstreet

Prostitution in Los Angeles County RP-762

PSYCHIATRISTSUse of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Master's-Level Therapists


PSYCHOLOGISTSUse of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Master's-Level Therapists


PSYCHOTHERAPY—COST EFFECTIVENESSA Naturalistic Study of Psychotherapy: The Medical Outcomes

Study Approach LRP-199900-08

PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION—CALIFORNIAThe Urgent Need for a California Asthma Program CT-155

PUBLIC HEALTH—GOVERNMENT POLICY—ASIAPolicy and Health: Implications for Development in Asia

PUBLIC LANDS—MANAGEMENTDoes the Army Have a National Land Use Strategy? MR-1064

PUBLIC WELFAREGrandparent Care and Welfare: Assessing the Impact of Public

Policy on Split and Three Generation Families DRU-2166

PUBLIC WELFARE—CALIFORNIAThe Pace of CalWORKs Implementation CT-165Welfare Reform in California. Appendix: Results of the 1998 All-





PUBLIC-PRIVATE SECTOR COOPERATIONData Policy Issues and Barriers to Using Commercial Resources

for Mission to Planet Earth DB-247Merchants and Guardians: Balancing U.S. Interests in Space

Commerce RP-787Use of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future Army Needs

MR-997

QUADRENNIAL DEFENSE REVIEW (QDR)Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: A Retrospective


QUALITY OF LIFEThe Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs and Barriers on


Relationship Between Age and Patients' Current Health StatePreferences LRP-199906-02

QUALITY OF LIFE—HEALTH ASPECTSQuality of Life Among Women Undergoing Hysterectomies

RP-796

QUESTIONNAIRESSpecial Issues Addressed in the CAHPS Survey of Medicare


QUESTIONNAIRES—TRANSLATIONS INTO SPANISH—METHODOLOGY

Translating the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Instruments into Spanish RP-774

RADIOACTIVE WASTES—MANAGEMENTManaging Wastes with and Without Plutonium Separation

P-8035

RAND CORPORATIONDPRC, Drug Policy Research Center CP-384Facts About RAND CP-246International Studies at RAND: Analyzing Options for a Complex

World CP-391RAND Graduate Student Summer Intern Program CP-15RAND, Improving Policy and Decisionmaking Through Research

and Analysis CP-393

RAND CORPORATION. PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENTPublications CP-8/1

RAND DRUG POLICY RESEARCH CENTERDPRC, Drug Policy Research Center CP-384

RAND GRADUATE STUDENT SUMMER INTERN PROGRAMRAND Graduate Student Summer Intern Program CP-15

REACTOR FUEL REPROCESSING—WASTE DISPOSALManaging Wastes with and Without Plutonium Separation

P-8035

REGIONALISM—PORTUGAL—SIMULATION METHODSA Seminar Game to Analyze Regional Governance Options for

Portugal MR-1031

REGRESSION ANALYSISRe-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging to the 1994


REMOTE SENSINGForest Monitoring and Remote Sensing: A Survey of


Remote Sensing Operational Capabilities: Final Report MR-1172.0

REMOTE SENSING—GOVERNMENT POLICYData Policy Issues and Barriers to Using Commercial Resources


REMOTE SENSING—INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONData Policy Issues and Barriers to Using Commercial Resources


RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIPUse of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future Army Needs

MR-997

RESEARCH INSTITUTESInternational Studies at RAND: Analyzing Options for a Complex

World CP-391

RESEARCH—COSTSAn Approach for Efficiently Managing DoD Research and

Development Portfolios RP-791

26

Conducting Collaborative Research with NontraditionalSuppliers RP-790

RESEARCH—EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES—FINANCEModalities of R&D Funding. Final Report: A Comparison of EU

Member States RE-99.018.1

RESEARCH—FINANCEU.S. Government Funding of Cooperative Research and

Development in North America MR-1115

RESEARCH—INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONU.S. Government Funding of Cooperative Research and

Development in North America MR-1115

RETIREES—ATTITUDESRetiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications for


RETIREES—INSURANCE REQUIREMENTSRetiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications for


REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS (RMA)Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: A Retrospective


RURAL HEALTH SERVICESUrban-Rural Differences in Employer-Based Health Insurance

Coverage of Workers RP-749

RURAL HEALTH SERVICES—MAINEEffects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician Participation and


RURAL HEALTH SERVICES—MICHIGANEffects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician Participation and


RUSSIA (FEDERATION)—FOREIGN RELATIONS—CHINAChinese Policy Toward Russia and the Central Asian Republics

MR-1045

SALES MANAGEMENTInformation Technology and Strategic Sales Management

DRU-2164

SAMPLING (STATISTICS)Drawing a Probability Sample of Female Prostitutes in Los

Angeles County RP-767Using Qualitative Methods to Study the Hidden World of Offstreet

Prostitution in Los Angeles County RP-762

SAVING AND INVESTMENTThe Measurement and Structure of Household Wealth RP-833

SAVINGS AND INVESTMENTMarriage, Assets, and Savings DRU-2215

SCHOLARSHIPSAllocating Scholarships for Army ROTC MR-1069

SCHOOL BUDGETS—CALIFORNIATracking K-12 Education Spending in California: An Updated

Analysis MR-1089.0

SCHOOL CHILDREN—SUBSTANCE USE—PREVENTIONSchool-Based Substance-Abuse Prevention: What Works, for

Whom, and How? LRP-199900-01

SCHOOL DISTRICTS—UNITED STATES—CASE STUDIESAssessing the Progress of New American Schools: A Status

Report MR-1085

SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT—UNITED STATE—VCASE STUDIESAssessing the Progress of New American Schools: A Status

Report MR-1085

SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS—EVALUATIONAssessing the Progress of New American Schools: A Status

Report MR-1085

SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONConsolidating Active and Reserve Component Training




SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION—CALIFORNIAClass Size Reduction in California: Early Evaluation Findings,

1996–1998 RP-803

SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION—UNITEDSTATES—CASE STUDIES

Assessing the Progress of New American Schools: A StatusReport MR-1085

SCHOOL VIOLENCEHow Can We Prevent Emotional Disturbances in Youth Exposed

to Violence in Schools? LRP-199909-02

SCHOOL-TO-WORK TRANSITIONAcademic Skills at Work: Two Perspectives RP-805

SCIENCE—ABILITY TESTINGDetecting Gender-Based Differential Item Functioning on a

Constructed-Response Science Test LRP-199900-09Teaching Practices and Student Achievement: Report of First-


SCIENCE—EXAMINATIONSDetecting Gender-Based Differential Item Functioning on a

Constructed-Response Science Test LRP-199900-09

SCIENCE—INFORMATION SERVICES—EVALUATIONGlobal Science and Technology Information: A New Spin on

Access MR-1079

SCIENCE—STUDY AND TEACHINGTeaching Practices and Student Achievement: Report of First-


SERVICE INDUSTRIES—MANAGEMENTStrategic Segmentation: The Strategy-Capabilities Link in

Services DRU-2162

SERVICE INDUSTRIES—MARKETINGStrategic Segmentation: The Strategy-Capabilities Link in

Services DRU-2162

SEXISM IN EDUCATIONAL TESTSDetecting Gender-Based Differential Item Functioning on a


SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASESHealth and Cost Benefits of Chlamydia Screening in Young

Women RP-825

SHIPBUILDINGThe Arsenal Ship Acquisition Process Experience: Contrasting


27

SHIPPING—SAFETY MEASURES—GOVERNMENT POLICYPOLSSS—Policy for Sea Shipping Safety: Executive Summary

MR-1043Zout Is Niet Zoet: De Schepenwet En De Raad Voor De

Transportveiligheid RE-99.001

SIMULATION METHODSThe Use of Microworld Simulations to Train Theater Level CSS


SINGLE PARENT FAMILY—GOVERNMENT POLICYBeyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation and Marriage in the AFDC

Program RP-750

SINGLE PEOPLE—FINANCE, PERSONALMarriage, Assets, and Savings DRU-2215

SMALL BUSINESS—EMPLOYEES—INSURANCEREQUIREMENTS

Who Gains and Who Loses with Community Rating for SmallBusiness? RP-793

SOCIAL PHOBIA—TREATMENTSocial Skills Training LRP-199900-10

SOCIAL SKILLS—STUDY AND TEACHINGSocial Skills Training LRP-199900-10

SOCIAL SURVEYS—RESPONSE RATE—INDONESIALost but Not Forgotten: Attrition in the Indonesian Family Life

Survey DRU-2059

SOLDIERS—FINANCE, PERSONALFinancial Management Problems Among Enlisted Personnel

DB-241

SOLDIERS—HOUSING—DECISION MAKINGAn Evaluation of Housing Options for Military Families MR-1020

SOLDIERS—SERVICES FORIncreasing a Sense of Community in the Military: The Role of


SOLDIERS—SUPPLY AND DEMANDEnlistment Decisions in the 1990s: Evidence from Individual-Level

Data MR-944

SOLDIERS—SUPPLY AND DEMAND—FORECASTINGRecent Recruiting Trends and Their Implications for Models of

Enlistment Supply MR-847

SOLDIERS—TRAINING OFConsolidating Active and Reserve Component Training

Infrastructure MR-1012

SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION—INTERNATIONALCOOPERATION

Merchants and Guardians: Balancing U.S. Interests in SpaceCommerce RP-787

SPACE SURVEILLANCEThe Changing Role of the U.S. Military in Space MR-895

SPACE WARFAREAir Power, Space Power and Geography RP-842

SPECIAL FORCES (MILITARY SCIENCE)Barriers to Minority Participation in Special Operations Forces

MR-1042

SPENT REACTOR FUELSManaging Wastes with and Without Plutonium Separation

P-8035

SPINAL ADJUSTMENT—CANADA—EVALUATIONUse of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through 1991 in the


SPINAL ADJUSTMENT—EVALUATIONUse of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through 1991 in the


STRATEGIC ASPECTSStrategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of Information in

Warfare MR-1016

STRATEGIC PLANNINGFrom Channel Diversity to Channel Strategy DRU-2165Information Technology and Strategic Sales Management

DRU-2164Planning a Ballistic Missile Defense System of Systems: An

Adaptive Strategy IP-181Segment Strategies and the Resource-Based View of the Firm

DRU-2163Strategic Segmentation: The Strategy-Capabilities Link in

Services DRU-2162

STRATEGYAnalytical Methods for Studies and Experiments on "Transforming

the Force" DB-278Countering the New Terrorism MR-989Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: A Retrospective

Look at Joint Staff Participation DB-236What Are Asymmetric Strategies? DB-246

STRESS (PSYCHOLOGY)—TREATMENTA Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress Inoculation Training,


STUDENTS—DRUG USE—PREVENTIONAn Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty: The Cost-


SUBSTANCE ABUSE—PREVENTIONAdolescent Use of Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana: How


School-Based Substance-Abuse Prevention: What Works, forWhom, and How? LRP-199900-01


SUBSTANCE ABUSE—TREATMENT—COSTSEffects of Substance Abuse Parity in Private Insurance Plans

under Managed Care CT-163Substance Abuse Service Utilization under Managed Care: HMOs

Versus Carve-Out Plans LRP-199911-02

SUBSTANCE ABUSE—TREATMENT—FINANCEHow Expensive Are Unlimited Substance Abuse Benefits under


SUBSTANCE ABUSE—TREATMENT—OHIOMental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A Case Study of


SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME PROGRAM—LAW ANDLEGISLATION

Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Disability Insurance (DI), andSubstance Abusers RP-818

TAIWAN—ARMED FORCES—PROCUREMENTTaiwan's National Security, Defense Policy and Weapons


28

TAIWAN—ARMED FORCES—WEAPONS SYSTEMSTaiwan's National Security, Defense Policy and Weapons


TAIWAN—MILITARY POLICYTaiwan's National Security, Defense Policy and Weapons


TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS—MANAGEMENTFrom Channel Diversity to Channel Strategy DRU-2165Information Technology and Strategic Sales Management

DRU-2164

TECHNOLOGY—INFORMATION SERVICES—EVALUATIONGlobal Science and Technology Information: A New Spin on

Access MR-1079

TEENAGERS—DRUG USEAdolescent Use of Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana: How



TEENAGERS—MEDICAL CARE—EVALUATIONDevelopment of a Quality of Care Measurement System for


TEENAGERS—SUBSTANCE USEAdolescent Use of Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana: How



TELEMATICS—SOCIAL ASPECTSThe Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an American Information

Strategy MR-1033

TELEPHONE SURVEYS—EVALUATIONComparing Telephone and Mail Responses to the CAHPS Survey

Instrument RP-771

TERRORISMCountering the New Terrorism MR-989Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Analysis of

Trends and Motivations P-8039-1

TERRORISM—EUROPEIs Europe Soft on Terrorism? RP-801

TERRORISM—PERSIAN GULF REGIONPolitical Violence and Stability in the States of the Northern


TERRORISM—PERSIAN GULF REGION—PREVENTIONPolitical Violence and Stability in the States of the Northern


TERRORISM—PREVENTIONCountering the New Terrorism MR-989

TEST BIASDetecting Gender-Based Differential Item Functioning on a


THERAPEUTIC EMBOLIZATIONUterine Artery Embolization: A Systematic Review of the

Literature and Proposal for Research MR-1158

TISSUE BANKS—HANDBOOKS, MANUALS, ETC.—DIRECTORIES


TORT LIABILITY OF MANAGED CARE PLANS—HEALTHASPECTS

A Flood of Litigation? Predicting the Consequences of ChangingLegal Remedies Available to ERISA Beneficiaries IP-184

TORTSThe Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out of Tort Law in the


TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS—UNITED STATES—STATESThe Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out of Tort Law in the


TRANSPORTATION, MILITARYVelocity Management and the Revolution in Military Logistics

RP-752

TRANSPORTATION—SAFETY MEASURES—GOVERNMENTPOLICY

Een Open Dakraam: Voor De Verbouwing Tot Integrale RaadVoor De Transportveiligheid RE-99.006

POLSSS—Policy for Sea Shipping Safety: Executive Summary MR-1043

Zout Is Niet Zoet: De Schepenwet En De Raad Voor DeTransportveiligheid RE-99.001

TRANSPORTATION—SAFETY MEASURES—GOVERNMENTPOLICY—CASE STUDIES

POLSSS—Policy for Sea Shipping Safety: Executive Summary MR-1043

TRAUMATIC NEUROSES—PREVENTIONHow Can We Prevent Emotional Disturbances in Youth Exposed

to Violence in Schools? LRP-199909-02

TREND SURFACE ANALYSISRe-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging to the 1994


TURKEY—FOREIGN RELATIONSTurkey's Strategic Options RP-795

TURKEY—FOREIGN RELATIONS—GREECEGreek Security Concerns in the Balkans RP-780

TURKEY—HISTORYTurkey's Strategic Options RP-795

TURKEY—POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTTurkey's Strategic Options RP-795

TWENTY-FIRST CENTURYStrategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of Information in

Warfare MR-1016

TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY—FORECASTSEuropean Security After 2000: An American Perspective

P-8036Issues Raised During the 1998 Army After Next Spring

Wargame MR-1023Joint Operations Superiority in the 21st Century: Analytic Support

to the 1998 Defense Science Board DB-260

U.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMANDBarriers to Minority Participation in Special Operations Forces

MR-1042

UNEMPLOYMENTLabor Force Participation by Persons with Mental Illness

LRP-199911-05

UNIFIED OPERATIONS (MILITARY SCIENCE)"—We Band of Brothers": The Call for Joint Urban Operations

Doctrine DB-270

29

Fox Trot: Seeking Preparedness for Military Urban Operations RP-799

UNIFIED OPERATIONS (MILITARY SCIENCE)—COMPUTERSIMULATION


UNITED STATES—ARMED FORCES—MEDICAL CAREInterim Report, Evaluation Plan for the Medicare-DoD Subvention

Demonstration MR-1106.0

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES—EVALUATIONDoes It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? Cross Cohort


UNMARRIED COUPLESBeyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation and Marriage in the AFDC

Program RP-750

URBAN HEALTHUrban-Rural Differences in Employer-Based Health Insurance

Coverage of Workers RP-749

URBAN HEALTH—MAINEEffects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician Participation and


URBAN HEALTH—MICHIGANEffects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician Participation and


URBAN WARFARE"—We Band of Brothers": The Call for Joint Urban Operations

Doctrine DB-270Fox Trot: Seeking Preparedness for Military Urban Operations

RP-799

UTERINE FIBROIDS—SURGERYUterine Artery Embolization: A Systematic Review of the


UTERINE NEOPLASMSUterine Artery Embolization: A Systematic Review of the


UTERUS—BLOOD VESSELS—SURGERYUterine Artery Embolization: A Systematic Review of the


UTERUS—TUMORSUterine Artery Embolization: A Systematic Review of the


VEHICLES, REMOTELY PILOTEDInnovative Management in the DARPA High Altitude Endurance


VERDICTSGoal Conflict in Juror Assessments of Compensatory and Punitive

Damages RP-830

VETERANS—DISEASESA Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War


VETERANS—DISEASES—UNITED STATESA Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War


Illnesses. Vol. 7, Depleted Uranium MR-1018/7

VIETNAM (REPUBLIC)—ARMED FORCESPredicting Military Innovation DB-242

VIOLENCE—CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELESHow Youthful Offenders Perceive Gun Violence DB-271

VIRTUAL REALITY—NETHERLANDS—ROTTERDAMDataport Rotterdam, Final Report RE-99.007

VISION DISORDERS—AGE FACTORSThe Associations Between Self-Rated Vision and Hearing and

Functional Status in Middle Age RP-788

WAGES—EFFECT OF EDUCATION ON—MATHEMATICALMODELS

Does It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? Cross CohortEvidence on the Effects of College Quality on Earnings LRP-199901-01

WAR GAMESInformation Superiority and Game Theory: The Value of


Wargame MR-1023

WAR GAMES—EVALUATIONIssues Raised During the 1998 Army After Next Spring

Wargame MR-1023

WAR GAMES—PLANNINGInformation Superiority and Game Theory: The Value of


Wargame MR-1023

WARFARE—COMPUTER SIMULATIONThe Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts and Technologies

for the Light Battle Force DB-258Joint Operations Superiority in the 21st Century: Analytic Support

to the 1998 Defense Science Board DB-260

WARSHIPS—DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION—COSTSThe Arsenal Ship Acquisition Process Experience: Contrasting


WATER REUSE—HEALTH ASPECTS—CALIFORNIAGroundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Water: Birth Outcomes in

Los Angeles County, 1982–1993 MR-1077

WEALTHThe Measurement and Structure of Household Wealth RP-833Mortality Risk and Consumption by Couples DRU-2061

WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTIONTerrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Analysis of

Trends and Motivations P-8039-1

WELFARE RECIPIENTS—ATTITUDESWelfare Background, Attitudes, and Employment Among New

Mothers RP-738

WELFARE RECIPIENTS—EMPLOYMENTWelfare Background, Attitudes, and Employment Among New

Mothers RP-738

WIDOWERS—FINANCE, PERSONALMarriage, Assets, and Savings DRU-2215

WIDOWS—FINANCE, PERSONALMarriage, Assets, and Savings DRU-2215

WOMEN ALIEN LABORImmigrant Women in the U.S. Workforce: Who Struggles? Who

Succeeds?

30

WOMEN'S HEALTH SERVICESDevelopment of a Quality of Care Measurement System for


WOMEN—EDUCATION—SOUTH AFRICAFertility, Education and Resources in South Africa RP-757

WORK ENVIRONMENTThe Influence of Organizational Context on Quitting Intention: An


WORKING MOTHERS—ATTITUDESWelfare Background, Attitudes, and Employment Among New

Mothers RP-738

WORLD POLITICSStrategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of Information in

Warfare MR-1016

YOUTH—DRUG USE—PREVENTIONAn Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty: The Cost-


YUGOSLAVIA—POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTGreek Security Concerns in the Balkans RP-780

31

AUTHOR INDEX

ABERG, T.LRP-199905-03 Appropriateness of Referral of Coronary

Angiography Patients in Sweden.

ABRAHAMSE, A. F.MR-1134-ICJ The Effects of a Choice Automobile Insurance

Plan on Insurance Costs and Compensation: AnAnalysis Based on 1997 Data.

RP-745 The Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out ofTort Law in the United States.

RP-810 The Frequency of Excess Claims for AutomobilePersonal Injuries.

LRP-199900-02 The Frequency of Excess Claims forAutomobile Personal Injuries.

LRP-199900-03 Estimating the Effects of "No-Pay, No-Play"Auto Insurance Plans on the Costs of AutoInsurance: The Effects of Proposition 213.

ADAMS, A. H.RP-827 Use of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through

1991 in the United States and Canada.

ADAMS, J.DRU-2122-HCFA Developing Health Plan Performance Reports:

Responding to the BBA.DRU-2123-FMC Creating a Coordinated Autos/UAW Reporting

System (CARS) for Evaluating Health PlanPerformance .

ADAMSON, D.MR-1048-WHFH/RF/UNFPA

How Does Congress Approach Population andFamily Planning Issues? Results of QualitativeInterviews with Legislative Directors.

IP-176/1 La Planification Familiale Dans Les Pays EnDeveloppement: Une Reussite a Parachever.

IP-176/2 La Planificacion Familiar En Los Paises EnDesarrollo: Un Exito Incompleto.

IP-176/3 La Pianificazione Familiare Nei Paesi in Via DiSviluppo: Un Successo Incompleto.

IP-176/4 O Planeamento Familiar Nos Paises Em Vias DeDesennvolvimento: Uma Historia De SucessoInacabada.

IP-176/5 Family Planning in Developing Countries: AnUnfinished Success Story.

AGREE, E. M.RP-792 Implications of Population Aging for Geriatric

Health.

ALEXANDER, J. A.LRP-199903-01 The Influence of Organizational Context on

Quitting Intention: An Examination of TreatmentStaff in Long-Term Mental Health Care Settings.

ALLEN, F.LRP-199902-02 Physician Perceptions of Barriers to Care for

Inner-City Latino Children with Asthma.

AMOUZEGAR, M. A.LRP-199911-01 Determining Optimal Pollution Control

Policies: An Application of Bilevel Programming.

ANDERSEN, R.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs

and Barriers on Access to Medical Care forPersons with Human Immunodeficiency VirusReceiving Care in the United States.

ANDERSON, J. R.MR-1089.0-EDU Tracking K-12 Education Spending in

California: An Updated Analysis.

ANDERSON, M. C.RP-830 Goal Conflict in Juror Assessments of

Compensatory and Punitive Damages.

ANDERSON, R. H.MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPA

Securing the U.S. Defense InformationInfrastructure: A Proposed Approach.

MR-1095-MF Sending Your Government a Message: E-MailCommunication Between Citizens andGovernment.

CF-151-OSD Research and Development Initiatives Focusedon Preventing, Detecting, and Responding toInsider Misuse of Critical Defense InformationSystems: Results of a Three-Day Workshop.

ANTHONY, C. R.MR-1018/7-OSD A Review of the Scientific Literature as It

Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses. Vol. 7, DepletedUranium.

CT-164 A Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertainsto Gulf War Illnesses: Pyridostigmine Bromide.

ARQUILLA, J.MR-989-AF Countering the New Terrorism.MR-1033-OSD The Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an

American Information Strategy.DB-242-A Predicting Military Innovation.

ASCH, B. J.MR-984-OSD Attracting College-Bound Youth into the Military:

Toward the Development of New RecruitingPolicy Options.

CT-151 Military Compensation: Testimony Presented tothe Senate Armed Services Committee,Subcommittee on Personnel.

DB-273-OSD Military Compensation: Trends and PolicyOptions.

ASCH, S. M.RP-730 Development of a Quality of Care Measurement

System for Children and Adolescents:Methodological Considerations and Comparisonswith a System for Adult Women.

DRU-1876-AHCPRQuality of Care for Cardiopulmonary Conditions:A Review of the Literature and Quality Indicators.

DRU-1877-AHCPRQuality of Care for Oncologic Conditions and HIV:A Review of the Literature and Quality Indicators.

DRU-1878-AHCPRQuality of Care for General Medical Conditions:A Review of the Literature and Quality Indicators.

DRU-2104-BMS Quality Indicators for Hypertension.

AXELBAND, E. I.MR-997-A Use of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future

Army Needs.RP-790 Conducting Collaborative Research with

Nontraditional Suppliers.RP-791 An Approach for Efficiently Managing DoD

Research and Development Portfolios.WP-120 Maintaining the Army's "Smart Buyer" Capability

in a Period of Downsizing.

32

AYKAN, H.DRU-2066-NIA Re-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging

to the 1994 National Health Interview Survey forTrend Analysis.

BAMEZAI, A.LRP-199905-04 Price Competition and Hospital Cost Growth

in the United States (1989–1994).

BARKIN, S.LRP-199900-14 What Pediatricians Can Do to Further Youth

Violence Prevention: A Qualitative Study.LRP-199912-06 Predicting Clinician Injury Prevention

Counseling for Young Children.

BEAN, D. L.RP-784 HIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: The

Public Sector's Role in Reducing HIV Risk andImproving Care.

BEARD, V. A.DRU-2180 Conceptualizing Poverty: A Look Inside the

Indonesian Household.

BECKETT, M.DRU-2226-NICHD/NIA

The Quality of Retrospective Reports in theMalaysian Family Life Survey.

BEEGLE, K.DRU-2014-WB/NIH

Measuring Change in Indonesia.DRU-2064-NIA/NICHD

The Real Costs of Indonesia's Economic Crisis:Preliminary Findings from the Indonesia FamilyLife Surveys.

BELL, R. M.RP-765 Adolescent Use of Illicit Drugs Other Than

Marijuana: How Important Is Social Bonding andfor Which Ethnic Groups?

RP-766 Underuse of Cardiac Procedures: Do Women,Ethnic Minorities, and the Uninsured Fail toReceive Needed Revascularization?

RP-839 Simultaneous Polydrug Use Among Teens:Prevalence and Predictors.

LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testingfor Coronary Artery Disease in PatientsPresenting with New-Onset Chest Pain.

BENNETT, B. W.DB-246-OSD What Are Asymmetric Strategies?

BERENDS, M.MR-1083-EDU Staffing At-Risk School Districts in Texas:

Problems and Prospects.MR-1085-EDU Assessing the Progress of New American

Schools: A Status Report.

BERNSTEIN, M. A.MR-1105.0-DOE Measures of Residential Energy Consumption

and Their Relationships to DOE Policy.

BERNSTEIN, S.RP-796 Quality of Life Among Women Undergoing

Hysterectomies.

BERNSTEIN, S. J.LRP-199905-03 Appropriateness of Referral of Coronary


BERRY, S. H.RP-767 Drawing a Probability Sample of Female

Prostitutes in Los Angeles County.

LRP-199912-05 National Probability Samples in Studies ofLow-Prevalence Diseases. Part II, Designingand Implementing the HIV Cost and ServicesUtilization Study Sample.

BERSTEIN, N.MR-1115-OSTP U.S. Government Funding of Cooperative

Research and Development in North America.

BHATTACHARYA, J.RP-852 The Design of Healthcare for Communities: A

Study of Health Care Delivery for Alcohol, DrugAbuse, and Mental Health Conditions.

LRP-199906-01 The Design of Healthcare for Communities: AStudy of Health Care Delivery for Alcohol, DrugAbuse, and Mental Health Conditions.

BICKEL, S.LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testing

for Coronary Artery Disease in PatientsPresenting with New-Onset Chest Pain.

BIGELOW, J. H.MR-991-OSD Using the Force and Support Costing System:

An Introductory Guide and Tutorial.DB-278-OSD Analytical Methods for Studies and Experiments

on "Transforming the Force".

BIKSON, T. K.MR-1095-MF Sending Your Government a Message: E-Mail

Communication Between Citizens andGovernment.

MR-1109-MF Citizens, Computers, and Connectivity: A Reviewof Trends.

DRU-1887-LADCAThe Arts and Prosocial Impact Study: ProgramCharacteristics and Prosocial Effects.

BILKER, W. B.LRP-199903-03 Association of Dialyzer Reuse with

Hospitalization and Survival Rates Among U.S.Hemodialysis Patients: Do Comorbidities Matter?

BLUTHENTHAL, R. N.CT-153 Research on Syringe Exchange Programs in

California: Summary Remarks Made to theCalifornia Senate Committee on Public Safety,the Senate Committee on Health and HumanServices, and the Assembly Committee on PublicSafety.

CT-154 Research on Syringe Exchange Programs inCalifornia: Summary Remarks Made to theCalifornia Assembly Health Committee.

LRP-199900-13 Collateral Damage in the War on Drugs: HIVRisk Among Injection Drug Users.

LRP-199901-02 Drug Paraphernalia Laws and Injection-Related Infectious Disease Risk Among DrugInjectors.

BOHRNSTEDT, G. W.RP-803 Class Size Reduction in California: Early

Evaluation Findings, 1996–1998.

BONDANELLA, J. R.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and

Control Training of Theater Logistics and SupportStaffs: A Curriculum Strategy.

DB-265-A The Use of Microworld Simulations to TrainTheater Level CSS Staffs: Training DevelopmentConsiderations.

BOSMAN, S.RE-99.007 Dataport Rotterdam, Final Report.RE-99.013 Berichtgeving En Percepties Ten Aanzien Van

De Externe Veiligheid Van De Luchtvaart.

33

BOWER, A.RP-809 Newspaper Coverage of Automotive Product

Liability Verdicts.

BOZZETTE, S. A.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs



BRACKEN, J.RP-806 Information Superiority and Game Theory: The

Value of Information in Four Games.

BREWER, D. J.RP-805 Academic Skills at Work: Two Perspectives.LRP-199901-01 Does It Pay to Attend an Elite Private

College? Cross Cohort Evidence on the Effectsof College Quality on Earnings.

BRODER, M.MR-1158-CIRREF

Uterine Artery Embolization: A SystematicReview of the Literature and Proposal forResearch.

BROOK, R. H.MR-1158-CIRREF


RP-751 How Good Is the Quality of Health Care in theUnited States?


CT-152 Ensuring Delivery of Necessary Care in theUnited States: Testimony Presented to theSenate Committee on Health, Education, Labor,and Pensions.

LRP-199902-03 Elevated Asthma Morbidity in Puerto RicanChildren: A Review of Possible Risk andPrognostic Factors /cMarielena Lara ... Et Al.


LRP-199905-03 Appropriateness of Referral of CoronaryAngiography Patients in Sweden.

BRORSSON, B.LRP-199905-03 Appropriateness of Referral of Coronary


BROWER, J.MR-1111.0-OSTP

Forest Monitoring and Remote Sensing: ASurvey of Accomplishments and Opportunities forthe Future .

BROWN, J. A.RP-768 The Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop and

Evaluate CAHPS 1.0 Core Survey Items.RP-773 Special Issues in Assessing Care of Medicaid

Recipients.RP-774 Translating the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Instruments

into Spanish.LRP-199912-05 National Probability Samples in Studies of

Low-Prevalence Diseases. Part II, Designingand Implementing the HIV Cost and ServicesUtilization Study Sample.

BROWN, R. A.MR-934-A Improving the Army Planning, Programming,

Budgeting, and Execution System (PPBES): TheProgramming Phase.

DB-236-JS Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: ARetrospective Look at Joint Staff Participation.

BUCHANAN, J.RP-793 Who Gains and Who Loses with Community

Rating for Small Business?RP-815 Cost-Containment and Adverse Selection in

Medicaid HMOs.

BUDDIN, R. J.MR-1020-OSD An Evaluation of Housing Options for Military

Families.DB-241-OSD Financial Management Problems Among Enlisted

Personnel.

BUETOW, S. A.LRP-199900-06 Development of Review Criteria for Assessing

the Quality of Management of Stable Angina,Adult Asthma, and Non-Insulin DependentDiabetes Mellitus in General Practice.

BUILDER, C. H.MR-775-OSD Command Concepts: A Theory Derived from the

Practice of Command and Control.

BURLES, M.MR-1045-AF Chinese Policy Toward Russia and the Central

Asian Republics.

BURNAM, M. A.RP-852 The Design of Healthcare for Communities: A



LRP-199909-06 Equity in Managed Care for Mental Disorders.LRP-199912-05 National Probability Samples in Studies of


BURROUGHS, D.DRU-2083-EDU Teaching Practices and Student Achievement:

Report of First-Year Findings from the "Mosaic"Study of Systematic Initiatives in Mathematicsand Science.

BUSHWAY, S.MR-923-RWJ An Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty:

The Cost-Effectiveness of School-Based DrugPrevention Programs.

BYMAN, D.MR-1021-OSD Political Violence and Stability in the States of the

Northern Persian Gulf.MR-1061-AF Air Power as a Coercive Instrument.MR-1082-AF The United States and a Rising China: Strategic

and Military Implications.

CAMM, F. A.MR-1024-OSD Using Process Redesign to Improve DoD's

Environmental Security Program: RemediationProgram Management.

CAMP, P.RP-760 Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus

Network-Model Managed Care Organizations.

34

CAMPBELL, N.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher

Education: Evaluation of the Learn and ServeAmerica, Higher Education Program.

CAMPBELL, S. M.LRP-199900-06 Development of Review Criteria for Assessing


LRP-199909-05 The Effect of Panel Membership andFeedback on Ratings in a Two-Round DelphiStudy: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

CANTRILL, J. A.LRP-199900-06 Development of Review Criteria for Assessing


CARLETON, J. B.MR-1106.0-HCFA

Interim Report, Evaluation Plan for the Medicare-DoD Subvention Demonstration.

CARLISLE, D. M.LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testing


CARMAN, K. L.RP-775 Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS

Demonstrations and Evaluations.

CARRILLO, M. J.MR-991-OSD Using the Force and Support Costing System:

An Introductory Guide and Tutorial.

CARROLL, S. J.MR-1089.0-EDU Tracking K-12 Education Spending in

California: An Updated Analysis.MR-1134-ICJ The Effects of a Choice Automobile Insurance

Plan on Insurance Costs and Compensation: AnAnalysis Based on 1997 Data.

RP-745 The Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out ofTort Law in the United States.

RP-810 The Frequency of Excess Claims for AutomobilePersonal Injuries.

LRP-199900-02 The Frequency of Excess Claims forAutomobile Personal Injuries.

LRP-199900-03 Estimating the Effects of "No-Pay, No-Play"Auto Insurance Plans on the Costs of AutoInsurance: The Effects of Proposition 213.

CARSON, S.RP-767 Drawing a Probability Sample of Female


CARTER, G. M.MR-1106.0-HCFA


CASSIDY, K. W.LRP-199900-04 Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in

Preadolescent Children of Divorce.

CAULKINS, J. P.MR-923-RWJ An Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty:


CAVE, J. A. K.RE-99.018.1 Modalities of R&D Funding. Final Report: A

Comparison of EU Member States.

CHAN, L.LRP-199905-05 Cesarean Deliveries for Medicaid Patients: A

Comparison in Public and Private Hospitals inLos Angeles County.

CHANG, I. YIMR-997-A Use of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future


Nontraditional Suppliers.WP-120 Maintaining the Army's "Smart Buyer" Capability


CHARLICK-PALEY, T.MR-1074-AF NATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too

Far?

CHERRY, G. K.MR-1106.0-HCFA


CHIESA, J. R.MR-923-RWJ An Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty:


MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPASecuring the U.S. Defense InformationInfrastructure: A Proposed Approach.

CHOW, B.P-8035 Managing Wastes with and Without Plutonium

Separation.

CHUBIN, S.CF-149-CMEPP/GCSP

NATO's New Strategic Concept and PeripheralContingencies: The Middle East.

CHUN, T.MR-1051-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: State and

County Implementation of CalWORKs in the FirstYear.

CLEARY, P. D.RP-769 Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0

Survey Measures.

CLIFF, R.MR-1082-AF The United States and a Rising China: Strategic


COBURN, A.RP-845 Effects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician

Participation and Enrollee Access.

COBURN, A. F.RP-749 Urban-Rural Differences in Employer-Based

Health Insurance Coverage of Workers.

COHN, S. E.LRP-199912-05 National Probability Samples in Studies of


COLLINS, R. L.RP-765 Adolescent Use of Illicit Drugs Other Than



CONNOR, K.DRU-2104-BMS Quality Indicators for Hypertension.

35

COOK, C. R.MR-1091-AF Principles for Determining the Air Force

Active/Reserve Mix.

COULTER, I. D.RP-827 Use of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through


COURNOS, F.RP-784 HIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: The


COX, A. G.DRU-2166-NICHD/NIA

Grandparent Care and Welfare: Assessing theImpact of Public Policy on Split and ThreeGeneration Families.

CRAGG, D. K.LRP-199900-06 Development of Review Criteria for Assessing


CRAVINHO, JMR-1031-RE/FLAD

A Seminar Game to Analyze RegionalGovernance Options for Portugal.

CROWLEY, J. C.MR-928-A Training Requirements and Training Delivery in

the Total Army School System.MR-955-A The Total Army School System:

Recommendations for Future Policy.MR-1012-A Consolidating Active and Reserve Component

Training Infrastructure.

CRYSTAL, S.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs


CUNNINGHAM, W. E.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs


CURRIE, J.RP-865 The Intergenerational Transmission of

"Intelligence": Down the Slippery Slopes of TheBell Curve.

DANCU, C. V.LRP-199904-01 A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress

Inoculation Training, and Their Combination forReducing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder inFemale Assault Victims.

DARILEK, R. E.RP-806 Information Superiority and Game Theory: The

Value of Information in Four Games.

DAVANZO, J. S.IP-176/1 La Planification Familiale Dans Les Pays En

Developpement: Une Reussite a Parachever.IP-176/2 La Planificacion Familiar En Los Paises En

Desarrollo: Un Exito Incompleto.IP-176/3 La Pianificazione Familiare Nei Paesi in Via Di

Sviluppo: Un Successo Incompleto.IP-176/4 O Planeamento Familiar Nos Paises Em Vias De

Desennvolvimento: Uma Historia De SucessoInacabada.

IP-176/5 Family Planning in Developing Countries: AnUnfinished Success Story.

RP-843 Parent-Child Coresidence and Quasi-Coresidence in Peninsular Malaysia.

DRU-2226-NICHD/NIAThe Quality of Retrospective Reports in theMalaysian Family Life Survey.

DAVIS, J.MR-1069-A Allocating Scholarships for Army ROTC.

DAVIS, L. M.MR-1106.0-HCFA


DAVIS, P. K.DB-278-OSD Analytical Methods for Studies and Experiments


DE JONG, J.MR-1043-RE/VW POLSSS—Policy for Sea Shipping Safety:

Executive Summary.

DERTOUZOS, J. N.MR-1070-AEA The Economic Costs and Implications of High-

Technology Hardware Theft.

DIAMANT, A. L.LRP-199912-03 Lesbians' Sexual History with Men:

Implications for Taking a Sexual History.

DIVER, R.MR-1111.0-OSTP


DIXON, L.LRP-199902-04 Services to Families of Adults with

Schizophrenia: From TreatmentRecommendations to Dissemination .

DOMBEY-MOORE, B.MR-969/1-ICJ Class Action Dilemmas. Executive Summary:

Pursuing Public Goals for Private Gain.IP-184 A Flood of Litigation? Predicting the

Consequences of Changing Legal RemediesAvailable to ERISA Beneficiaries.

DREW, J. G.MR-1056-AF Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An

Integrated Strategic Agile Combat SupportPlanning Framework.

LRP-199907-01 Expeditionary Airpower: A GlobalInfrastructure to Support EAF.

LRP-199909-01 Expeditionary Airpower. Part 2: EAFStrategic Planning.

LRP-199912-01 Expeditionary Airpower. Part 3: F-15 SupportAnalysis: Exploring F-15 Avionics IntermediateMaintenance Concepts to Meet AEF Challenges.

LRP-199912-02 Expeditionary Airpower. Part 4: A Vision forAgile Combat Support.

DREZNER, J. A.MR-1024-OSD Using Process Redesign to Improve DoD's

Environmental Security Program: RemediationProgram Management.

MR-1030-DARPA The Arsenal Ship Acquisition ProcessExperience: Contrasting and CommonImpressions from the Contractor Teams and JointProgram Office.

MR-1054-DARPA Innovative Management in the DARPA HighAltitude Endurance Unmanned Aerial VehicleProgram: Phase II Experience.

36

DUAN, N.RP-753 Utilization of Well-Child Care Services for African-

American Infants in a Low-Income Community:Results of a Randomized, Controlled CaseManagement and Home Visiting Intervention.

RP-767 Drawing a Probability Sample of FemaleProstitutes in Los Angeles County.

LRP-199902-03 Elevated Asthma Morbidity in Puerto RicanChildren: A Review of Possible Risk andPrognostic Factors /cMarielena Lara ... Et Al.


EBENER, P. A.MR-1052-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: Results of the

1998 All-County Implementation Survey.MR-1052/1-1-CDSS

Welfare Reform in California. Appendix: Resultsof the 1998 All-County Implementation Survey.

MR-1070-AEA The Economic Costs and Implications of High-Technology Hardware Theft.

EDEN, R.RP-752 Velocity Management and the Revolution in

Military Logistics.DB-250-USMC Marine Corps Sourcing Competitions: Historical

Performance and Directions for Improvement.

EDLIN, B. R.LRP-199901-02 Drug Paraphernalia Laws and Injection-

Related Infectious Disease Risk Among DrugInjectors.

EDWARDS, T. J.RP-752 Velocity Management and the Revolution in

Military Logistics.

EHRENBERG, R. G.LRP-199901-01 Does It Pay to Attend an Elite Private


EIDE, E.LRP-199901-01 Does It Pay to Attend an Elite Private


EISEMAN, E.MR-954-OSTP Handbook of Human Tissue Sources: A National

Resource of Human Tissue Samples.MR-1050.0-OSTP

The Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals onWildlife: A Review of the Literature 1985–1998.

MR-1099.0-NBACCloning Human Beings: Recent Scientific andPolicy Developments.

EISENHARD, S.DB-258-A The Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts

and Technologies for the Light Battle Force.DB-260-A/OSD Joint Operations Superiority in the 21st Century:

Analytic Support to the 1998 Defense ScienceBoard.

ELLESTAD, M. H.LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testing


ELLICKSON, P. L.RP-765 Adolescent Use of Illicit Drugs Other Than



LRP-199900-01 School-Based Substance-Abuse Prevention:What Works, for Whom, and How?

ELLIOTT, D. B.RP-775 Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS


ELLIOTT, M. N.MR-1020-OSD An Evaluation of Housing Options for Military

Families.

EMANUELSSON, H.LRP-199905-03 Appropriateness of Referral of Coronary


EMMERICHS, R. M.MR-1116-OSD Interagency and International Assignments and

Officer Career Management.

ERRINGER, E. A.LRP-199900-13 Collateral Damage in the War on Drugs: HIV

Risk Among Injection Drug Users.LRP-199901-02 Drug Paraphernalia Laws and Injection-


ESCARCE, J. J.LRP-199902-01 Cost Functions for Dialysis Facilities and the

Quality of Dialysis.LRP-199903-03 Association of Dialyzer Reuse with


LRP-199909-06 Equity in Managed Care for Mental Disorders.

ETTEDGUI, E.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and



EVERINGHAM, S. M. S.MR-923-RWJ An Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty:


CT-162 Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of FederalMandatory Minimum Sentences and OtherFederal Enforcement Programs.

EVERSON, R.MR-1064-A Does the Army Have a National Land Use

Strategy?

FAIR, C. C.MR-1167.0-USDAFNS

An Analysis of the Child and Adult Care FoodProgram in Child Care Centers.



FARLEY, D. O.MR-1051-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: State and


MR-1106.0-HCFAInterim Report, Evaluation Plan for the Medicare-DoD Subvention Demonstration.

RP-773 Special Issues in Assessing Care of MedicaidRecipients.

37

RP-775 Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPSDemonstrations and Evaluations.

RP-852 The Design of Healthcare for Communities: AStudy of Health Care Delivery for Alcohol, DrugAbuse, and Mental Health Conditions.


FELDMAN, H. I.LRP-199902-01 Cost Functions for Dialysis Facilities and the

Quality of Dialysis.LRP-199903-03 Association of Dialyzer Reuse with


FELDMAN, P. M.MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPA


FINK, A.LRP-199912-06 Predicting Clinician Injury Prevention


FOA, E. B.LRP-199900-05 Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Treatment of

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.LRP-199900-07 Cost-Effectiveness Issues in the Treatment of

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.LRP-199900-10 Social Skills Training.LRP-199904-01 A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress


FONSECA, F.MR-1031-RE/FLAD


FORD, D. E.RP-760 Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus


FOSTER, A.DRU-2018/1-NIA

The 1996 Matlab Health and SocioeconomicSurvey: Overview and User's Guide.

DRU-2018/2-NIAThe 1996 Matlab Health and SocioeconomicSurvey: Questionnaires for Household Survey.

DRU-2018/3-NIAThe 1996 Matlab Health and SocioeconomicSurvey: Questionnaires for Community/ProviderSurvey.

FOULKES, E. C.MR-1018/7-OSD A Review of the Scientific Literature as It


FOWLER, F. J.RP-768 The Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop and

Evaluate CAHPS 1.0 Core Survey Items.RP-771 Comparing Telephone and Mail Responses to the

CAHPS Survey Instrument.

FRANCO, M.MR-1031-RE/FLAD


FRANKEL, M. R.LRP-199912-05 National Probability Samples in Studies of


FRANKENBERG, E.RP-779 The Relationship Between Infant and Child

Mortality and Subsequent Fertility in Indonesia,1971–1991.

DRU-2014-WB/NIHMeasuring Change in Indonesia.

DRU-2059-NICHDLost but Not Forgotten: Attrition in theIndonesian Family Life Survey.

DRU-2064-NIA/NICHDThe Real Costs of Indonesia's Economic Crisis:Preliminary Findings from the Indonesia FamilyLife Surveys.

FRANKLIN, M. E.LRP-199900-10 Social Skills Training.

FREEDMAN, V. A.RP-792 Implications of Population Aging for Geriatric

Health.DRU-2066-NIA Re-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging


FRELINGER, D.MR-1172.0-OSTP

Remote Sensing Operational Capabilities: FinalReport.

FRENCH, W. J.LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testing


FREUND, D. A.MR-1106.0-HCFA


FRICKER, R. D.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher


MR-1077-WRDSC Groundwater Recharge with ReclaimedWater: Birth Outcomes in Los Angeles County,1982–1993.

FRINKING, E.RE-99.006 Een Open Dakraam: Voor De Verbouwing Tot

Integrale Raad Voor De Transportveiligheid.RE-99.013 Berichtgeving En Percepties Ten Aanzien Van

De Externe Veiligheid Van De Luchtvaart.RE-99.018.1 Modalities of R&D Funding. Final Report: A


GABRIELE, M. D.MR-1172.0-OSTP

Remote Sensing Operational Capabilities: FinalReport.

GALING, S. E.MR-997-A Use of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future

Army Needs.

GALLAGHER, P. M.RP-771 Comparing Telephone and Mail Responses to the

CAHPS Survey Instrument.RP-775 Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS


38

GALWAY, L. A.MR-1056-AF Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An




GARBER, S.RP-755 Risk Premiums for Environmental Liability: Does

Superfund Increase the Cost of Capital?RP-794 Product and Stock Market Respons to

Automotive Product Liability Verdicts.RP-809 Newspaper Coverage of Automotive Product

Liability Verdicts.

GARCIA, L.RP-774 Translating the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Instruments

into Spanish.

GATES, S. M.MR-1066-DFAS Defense Working Capital Fund Pricing

Policies: Insights from the Defense Finance andAccounting Service.

GELBERG, L.LRP-199900-14 What Pediatricians Can Do to Further Youth

Violence Prevention: A Qualitative Study.LRP-199912-06 Predicting Clinician Injury Prevention


GENOVESE, B. J.RP-827 Use of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through

1991 in the United States and Canada.LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testing


GERTLER, P.DRU-2018/1-NIA




GERWEHR, S.MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPA


GESCHWIND, S. A.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher


MR-1050.0-OSTPThe Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals onWildlife: A Review of the Literature 1985–1998.

MR-1077-WRDSC Groundwater Recharge with ReclaimedWater: Birth Outcomes in Los Angeles County,1982–1993.

GIDDENS, B.MR-969/1-ICJ Class Action Dilemmas. Executive Summary:

Pursuing Public Goals for Private Gain.

GIFFORD, D. S.RP-730 Development of a Quality of Care Measurement


GILLHAM, J. E.LRP-199900-04 Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in


GLENN, R. W.RP-799 Fox Trot: Seeking Preparedness for Military

Urban Operations.DB-270-JS/A "—We Band of Brothers": The Call for Joint

Urban Operations Doctrine.

GOLDBERG, J. H.DB-271-NIJ How Youthful Offenders Perceive Gun Violence.

GOLDMAN, C. A.MR-992-A Staffing Army ROTC at Colleges and

Universities: Alternatives for Reducing the Use ofActive-Duty Soldiers.

MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in HigherEducation: Evaluation of the Learn and ServeAmerica, Higher Education Program.

MR-1069-A Allocating Scholarships for Army ROTC.

GOLDMAN, D. P.MR-1106.0-HCFA


RP-815 Cost-Containment and Adverse Selection inMedicaid HMOs.


GOLDMAN, H.LRP-199902-04 Services to Families of Adults with


GOLDMAN, N.LRP-199904-02 Beliefs About Children's Illness.

GOLDMAN, W.RP-754 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A

Case Study of Ohio's State Employee Program.LRP-199900-15 New Research Alliances in the Era of

Managed Care.

GOLOMB, B. A.MR-1018/2-OSD A Review of the Scientific Literature as It

Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses. Vol. 2,Pyridostigmine Bromide .

CT-164 A Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertainsto Gulf War Illnesses: Pyridostigmine Bromide.

GOMPERT, D. C.IP-181 Planning a Ballistic Missile Defense System of

Systems: An Adaptive Strategy.

GONZALES, D.MR-895-AF The Changing Role of the U.S. Military in Space.

GONZALEZ, E.CF-146 The RAND Forum on Cuba.

GORDON, J.MR-1023-A Issues Raised During the 1998 Army After Next

Spring Wargame.

39

DB-258-A The Army After Next: Exploring New Conceptsand Technologies for the Light Battle Force.

DB-260-A/OSD Joint Operations Superiority in the 21st Century:Analytic Support to the 1998 Defense ScienceBoard.

GORDON, N.RP-760 Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus


GRAF, C. M.MR-1042-SOCOM Barriers to Minority Participation in Special

Operations Forces.

GRAMMICH, C.LRP-199912-01 Expeditionary Airpower. Part 3: F-15 Support

Analysis: Exploring F-15 Avionics IntermediateMaintenance Concepts to Meet AEF Challenges.


GRAY, M. J.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher


GREEN, D.MR-928-A Training Requirements and Training Delivery in


Recommendations for Future Policy.

GREEN, J. D.MR-1021-OSD Political Violence and Stability in the States of the

Northern Persian Gulf.RP-813 The Information Revolution and Political

Opposition in the Middle East.CF-149-CMEPP/GCSP


CT-158-1 Iran, Limits to Rapprochement: Statement for theCommittee on Foreign Relations; Subcommitteeon Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs.

GREENWELL, L.RP-738 Welfare Background, Attitudes, and Employment

Among New Mothers.

GREGORY, K. D.LRP-199905-05 Cesarean Deliveries for Medicaid Patients: A


GRESENZ, C. R.MR-1020-OSD An Evaluation of Housing Options for Military

Families.IP-184 A Flood of Litigation? Predicting the


RP-818 Supplemental Security Income (SSI), DisabilityInsurance (DI), and Substance Abusers.



LRP-199911-04 Who Leaves Managed Behavioral HealthCare?

LRP-199911-05 Labor Force Participation by Persons withMental Illness.

GROSS, J.MR-969/1-ICJ Class Action Dilemmas. Executive Summary:


HACKETT, M. H.LRP-199903-03 Association of Dialyzer Reuse with


HAGA, S. B.MR-954-OSTP Handbook of Human Tissue Sources: A National

Resource of Human Tissue Samples.

HALFON, N.RP-753 Utilization of Well-Child Care Services for African-


HALLIDAY, J. M.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and


HALVERSON, G.DB-258-A The Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts

and Technologies for the Light Battle Force.

HAMILTON, E. G.DRU-1876-AHCPR

Quality of Care for Cardiopulmonary Conditions:A Review of the Literature and Quality Indicators.



HAMILTON, L.IP-182 Large-Scale Testing: Current Practices and New

Directions.DRU-2083-EDU Teaching Practices and Student Achievement:


LRP-199900-09 Detecting Gender-Based Differential ItemFunctioning on a Constructed-Response ScienceTest.

HAMMITT, J. K.RP-755 Risk Premiums for Environmental Liability: Does

Superfund Increase the Cost of Capital?

MR-1092-CAPP The Shape of Korea's Future: South KoreanAttitudes Toward Unification and Long-TermSecurity Issues.

HANN, M.LRP-199909-05 The Effect of Panel Membership and

Feedback on Ratings in a Two-Round DelphiStudy: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

HARDY, A. M.RP-730 Development of a Quality of Care Measurement


HARGRAVES, J. L.RP-770 Making Survey Results Easy to Report to

Consumers: How Reporting Needs GuidedSurvey Design in CAHPS.

HARLEY, N. H.MR-1018/7-OSD A Review of the Scientific Literature as It


40

HARRELL, M. C.MR-1042-SOCOM Barriers to Minority Participation in Special

Operations Forces.MR-1116-OSD Interagency and International Assignments and


HARRIS, K.MR-1158-CIRREF


HARRIS-KOJETIN, L. D.RP-768 The Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop and

Evaluate CAHPS 1.0 Core Survey Items.RP-769 Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0

Survey Measures.RP-772 Special Issues Addressed in the CAHPS Survey

of Medicare Managed Care Beneficiaries.

HAWES-DAWSON, J.MR-1020-OSD An Evaluation of Housing Options for Military

Families.

HAYS, R. D.RP-769 Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0


of Medicare Managed Care Beneficiaries.RP-773 Special Issues in Assessing Care of Medicaid

Recipients.

HEILBRUNN, J. Z.MR-1085-EDU Assessing the Progress of New American


HEMBREE, E. A.LRP-199904-01 A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress


HENSLER, D. R.MR-969/1-ICJ Class Action Dilemmas. Executive Summary:



RP-808 Do We Need an Empirical Research Agenda onJudicial Independence?

HERBERT, T. J.DB-258-A The Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts



HICKS, J.DRU-2104-BMS Quality Indicators for Hypertension.DRU-2122-HCFA Developing Health Plan Performance Reports:



HILBORNE, L. H.MR-1018/7-OSD A Review of the Scientific Literature as It



HOFFMAN, B.MR-989-AF Countering the New Terrorism.RP-801 Is Europe Soft on Terrorism?P-8039-1 Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: An

Analysis of Trends and Motivations.

HOLMES, J. H.LRP-199903-03 Association of Dialyzer Reuse with


HORN, K. P.MR-997-A Use of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future





HOROWITZ, M. J.RP-745 The Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out of

Tort Law in the United States.

HOSEK, J. R.CT-151 Military Compensation: Testimony Presented to

the Senate Armed Services Committee,Subcommittee on Personnel.

DB-273-OSD Military Compensation: Trends and PolicyOptions.

HOSEK, S. D.MR-1020-OSD An Evaluation of Housing Options for Military

Families.

HOTZ, V. J.RP-726 The Economics of Fertility in Developed

Countries: A Survey.

HOUGHTON, B. K.MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPA


HOY, E.RP-770 Making Survey Results Easy to Report to


HUDSON, A.MR-1018/7-OSD A Review of the Scientific Literature as It


MR-1050.0-OSTPThe Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals onWildlife: A Review of the Literature 1985–1998.

HUMPHREY, N.MR-1051-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: State and


HUNDLEY, R. O.MR-1029-DARPA Past Revolutions, Future Transformations:

What Can the History of Revolutions in MilitaryAffairs Tell Us About Transforming the U.S.Military?

HURD, M. D.DRU-2037-NIA Anchoring and Acquiescence Bias in Measuring

Assets in Household Surveys.DRU-2061-NIA Mortality Risk and Consumption by Couples.DRU-2177-NIA Anticipated and Actual Bequests.

41

HURTADO, E.LRP-199904-02 Beliefs About Children's Illness.

HURWITZ, E. L.RP-827 Use of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through


ISAACSON, J. A.IP-181 Planning a Ballistic Missile Defense System of

Systems: An Adaptive Strategy.DB-242-A Predicting Military Innovation.

ISENSEE, E.DB-260-A/OSD Joint Operations Superiority in the 21st Century:


JACKSON-TRICHE, M.RP-841 Evidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed

Primary Care Practices.

JAYCOX, L.LRP-199900-04 Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in

Preadolescent Children of Divorce.LRP-199900-05 Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Treatment of

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.LRP-199900-07 Cost-Effectiveness Issues in the Treatment of

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.LRP-199900-10 Social Skills Training.LRP-199904-01 A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress


LRP-199909-02 How Can We Prevent Emotional Disturbancesin Youth Exposed to Violence in Schools?

JENKINS, B. M.MR-989-AF Countering the New Terrorism.

JENSEN, B.DRU-2163-NSF Segment Strategies and the Resource-Based

View of the Firm.DRU-2164-NSF Information Technology and Strategic Sales

Management.

JINNETT, K. J.LRP-199903-01 The Influence of Organizational Context on

Quitting Intention: An Examination of TreatmentStaff in Long-Term Mental Health Care Settings.

JONES, G. S.P-8035 Managing Wastes with and Without Plutonium

Separation.

JUSTER, F. T.RP-833 The Measurement and Structure of Household

Wealth.

KAGANOFF, T.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher


KAHAN, J. P.MR-1031-RE/FLAD


RE-99.001 Zout Is Niet Zoet: De Schepenwet En De RaadVoor De Transportveiligheid.

RE-99.005.2 Evaluatiemethodologie Voor Het Learning-by-Doing-Traject Van DTO. Bijlagen:Vragenformulieren En Checklists.

RE-99.006 Een Open Dakraam: Voor De Verbouwing TotIntegrale Raad Voor De Transportveiligheid.

RE-99.008 Changing Professional Practice in Health Care:An Annotated Bibliography of Studies ofPerceptions in Guideline Implementation.

RE-99.010 The RAND Appropriateness Method: AnAnnotated Bibliography Through June 1999.

RE-99.013 Berichtgeving En Percepties Ten Aanzien VanDe Externe Veiligheid Van De Luchtvaart.

KAHN, J. G.LRP-199900-13 Collateral Damage in the War on Drugs: HIV

Risk Among Injection Drug Users.

KAHN, K. L.LRP-199905-05 Cesarean Deliveries for Medicaid Patients: A


KAMBERG, C. J.RP-766 Underuse of Cardiac Procedures: Do Women,

Ethnic Minorities, and the Uninsured Fail toReceive Needed Revascularization?


KANOUSE, D. E.RP-762 Using Qualitative Methods to Study the Hidden

World of Offstreet Prostitution in Los AngelesCounty.


RP-770 Making Survey Results Easy to Report toConsumers: How Reporting Needs GuidedSurvey Design in CAHPS.

RP-784 HIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: ThePublic Sector's Role in Reducing HIV Risk andImproving Care.

RP-796 Quality of Life Among Women UndergoingHysterectomies.

KAPPERS, A. J.RE-99.004 Vlootontwikkeling: Ten Behoeve Van Het

Directoraat-General Rijksluchtvaartdienst,Directie Vervoer En Infrastructuur, BeleidsgroepAlgemeen Milieu- En Ruimtelijke Ordening.

KAPUR, K.MR-1167.0-USDAFNS

An Analysis of the Child and Adult Care FoodProgram in Child Care Centers.

LRP-199911-06 The Economic Impact of Capitated Care forHigh Utilizers of Public Mental Health Services:The Los Angeles PARTNERS ProgramExperience.

KARAN, A.RP-745 The Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out of


KAROLY, L. A.RP-836 Retiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior:

Implications for Health Policy.

KATON, W.RP-848 Effectiveness Research and Implications for

Study Design: Sample Size and StatisticalPower.

LRP-199907-02 Effectiveness Research and Implications forStudy Design: Sample Size and StatisticalPower.

42

KATZ, M. H.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs


KAUSHIK, V. S.LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testing


KEATING, E. G.MR-1066-DFAS Defense Working Capital Fund Pricing

Policies: Insights from the Defense Finance andAccounting Service.

KEELER, E. B.LRP-199905-01 Market Power and Hospital Pricing: Are

Nonprofits Different?LRP-199906-02 Relationship Between Age and Patients'

Current Health State Preferences.

KELTNER, B.DRU-2162-NSF Strategic Segmentation: The Strategy-

Capabilities Link in Services.DRU-2163-NSF Segment Strategies and the Resource-Based

View of the Firm.DRU-2164-NSF Information Technology and Strategic Sales

Management.DRU-2165-NSF From Channel Diversity to Channel Strategy.

KERR, E. A.RP-730 Development of a Quality of Care Measurement





KHALILZAD, Z.MR-1016-AF Strategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of

Information in Warfare.MR-1082-AF The United States and a Rising China: Strategic

and Military Implications.IP-187 Congage China.

KHAN, M. N.DRU-2018/1-NIA




KILBRETH, E. H.RP-749 Urban-Rural Differences in Employer-Based


KILBURN, M. R.MR-944-OSD/A Enlistment Decisions in the 1990s: Evidence

from Individual-Level Data.MR-984-OSD Attracting College-Bound Youth into the Military:


MR-1167.0-USDAFNSAn Analysis of the Child and Adult Care FoodProgram in Child Care Centers.

KILLINGSWORTH, P. S.MR-1056-AF Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An



KING, R.LRP-199912-01 Expeditionary Airpower. Part 3: F-15 Support



KINGTON, R.RP-788 The Associations Between Self-Rated Vision and

Hearing and Functional Status in Middle Age.DRU-2073-NIA Insurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs:

Effects on Use and Expenditures in the MedicarePopulation.

KIRBY, S. N.MR-1042-SOCOM Barriers to Minority Participation in Special

Operations Forces.MR-1083-EDU Staffing At-Risk School Districts in Texas:

Problems and Prospects.

KLAP, R.RP-852 The Design of Healthcare for Communities: A


LRP-199904-03 Use of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, andMaster's-Level Therapists in Managed BehavioralHealth Care Carve-Out Plans.


KLEIMANN, S.RP-770 Making Survey Results Easy to Report to


KLEIN, D.DRU-2122-HCFA Developing Health Plan Performance Reports:



KLEIN, S. P.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher


IP-182 Large-Scale Testing: Current Practices and NewDirections.

DRU-2083-EDU Teaching Practices and Student Achievement:Report of First-Year Findings from the "Mosaic"Study of Systematic Initiatives in Mathematicsand Science.

KLERMAN, J. A.MR-944-OSD/A Enlistment Decisions in the 1990s: Evidence

from Individual-Level Data.MR-984-OSD Attracting College-Bound Youth into the Military:


MR-1051-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: State andCounty Implementation of CalWORKs in the FirstYear.

43

MR-1051/1-CDSSWelfare Reform in California. ExecutiveSummary: State and County Implementation ofCalWORKs in the First Year.

MR-1052-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: Results of the1998 All-County Implementation Survey.

MR-1052/1-1-CDSSWelfare Reform in California. Appendix: Resultsof the 1998 All-County Implementation Survey.

RP-726 The Economics of Fertility in DevelopedCountries: A Survey.

RP-738 Welfare Background, Attitudes, and EmploymentAmong New Mothers.

RP-800 U.S. Abortion Policy and Fertility.CT-165 The Pace of CalWORKs Implementation.

KOEGEL, P.RP-784 HIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: The



KOSIAK, B.RP-772 Special Issues Addressed in the CAHPS Survey


KRAL, A. H.LRP-199900-13 Collateral Damage in the War on Drugs: HIV

Risk Among Injection Drug Users.LRP-199901-02 Drug Paraphernalia Laws and Injection-


KROP, C. S.MR-1089.0-EDU Tracking K-12 Education Spending in

California: An Updated Analysis.

KROP, R. A.MR-1036-EDU Closing the Education Gap: Benefits and Costs.

KUHN, R.DRU-2018/1-NIA




KUROMIYA, K.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs


LACHMAN, B. E.MR-1068-OSTP Technology Forces at Work: Profiles of

Environmental Research and Development atDupont, Intel, Monsanto, and Xerox.

MR-1068/1-OSTPTechnology Forces at Work. ExecutiveSummary: Profiles of Environmental Researchand Development at Dupont, Intel, Monsanto,and Xerox.

LAMBETH, B. S.RP-842 Air Power, Space Power and Geography.

LANGE, L.LRP-199902-02 Physician Perceptions of Barriers to Care for

Inner-City Latino Children with Asthma.

LARA, MARâ. E.CT-155 The Urgent Need for a California Asthma

Program.LRP-199902-02 Physician Perceptions of Barriers to Care for

Inner-City Latino Children with Asthma.LRP-199902-03 Elevated Asthma Morbidity in Puerto Rican

Children: A Review of Possible Risk andPrognostic Factors /cMarielena Lara ... Et Al.

LARRABEE, F. S.RP-776 U.S. Policy Toward Cyprus and the Eastern

Mediterranean: Changing StrategicPerspectives After the Cold War.

RP-780 Greek Security Concerns in the Balkans.RP-786 NATO Enlargement After the First Round.CF-149-CMEPP/GCSP


CT-159 NATO's Adaptation and Transformation: KeyChallenges.

LARSON, E. V.MR-1061-AF Air Power as a Coercive Instrument.MR-1070-AEA The Economic Costs and Implications of High-

Technology Hardware Theft.

LAW, A. V.DRU-2104-BMS Quality Indicators for Hypertension.

LAYNE, C.DB-242-A Predicting Military Innovation.

LEAPE, L. L.RP-766 Underuse of Cardiac Procedures: Do Women,

Ethnic Minorities, and the Uninsured Fail toReceive Needed Revascularization?


LEE, C. M.MR-1040-A Preparing for Korean Unification: Scenarios and

Implications.

LEE, P. P.RP-788 The Associations Between Self-Rated Vision and

Hearing and Functional Status in Middle Age.

LEES, M. R.DB-258-A The Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts

and Technologies for the Light Battle Force.

LEHMAN, A.LRP-199902-04 Services to Families of Adults with


LEIBOWITZ, A. A.RP-738 Welfare Background, Attitudes, and Employment

Among New Mothers.RP-815 Cost-Containment and Adverse Selection in

Medicaid HMOs.

LEMPERT, R. J.MR-1068-OSTP Technology Forces at Work: Profiles of


44


LENERT, L.LRP-199906-02 Relationship Between Age and Patients'

Current Health State Preferences.

LEONARD, R. S.MR-1030-DARPA The Arsenal Ship Acquisition Process

Experience: Contrasting and CommonImpressions from the Contractor Teams and JointProgram Office.

LESSER, I. O.MR-989-AF Countering the New Terrorism.RP-778 The Changing Mediterranean Security

Environment: A Transatlantic Perspective.RP-795 Turkey's Strategic Options.

LEVAUX, H. P.MR-1072-SRF Economic Openness: Many Facets, Many

Metrics.

LEVER, J.RP-762 Using Qualitative Methods to Study the Hidden

World of Offstreet Prostitution in Los AngelesCounty.


LRP-199912-03 Lesbians' Sexual History with Men:Implications for Taking a Sexual History.

LEVIN, N. D.MR-1092-CAPP The Shape of Korea's Future: South Korean

Attitudes Toward Unification and Long-TermSecurity Issues.

P-8038 The Two Koreas in 1998: Dealing with Adversity.

LEVINE, R. A.RP-837 Euroland, Open for Business.

LEVITAN, B. A.RP-767 Drawing a Probability Sample of Female


LEVY, D. G.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and


LEWIS, L.MR-934-A Improving the Army Planning, Programming,


MR-1006-AF Defining a Common Planning Framework for theAir Force.


LEWIS, M. W.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and


LILLARD, L. A.DRU-2073-NIA Insurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs:


LONG, S. H.RP-749 Urban-Rural Differences in Employer-Based


RP-797 Medicaid Eligibility Expansion in Florida: Effectson Maternity Care Financing and the DeliverySystem.

RP-798 Geographic Variation in Physician Visits forUninsured Children : The Role of the Safety Net.

RP-814 Pooled Purchasing: Who Are the Players?RP-845 Effects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician


LORVICK, J.LRP-199900-13 Collateral Damage in the War on Drugs: HIV

Risk Among Injection Drug Users.

LUBALIN, J.RP-769 Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0



LUPTON, J.DRU-2215-NICHD

Marriage, Assets, and Savings.

LYLES, A.LRP-199902-04 Services to Families of Adults with


MACAULEY, M. K.DB-247-NASA/OSTP

Data Policy Issues and Barriers to UsingCommercial Resources for Mission to PlanetEarth.

MACCOUN, R. J.RP-777 Toward a Psychology of Harm Reduction.RP-830 Goal Conflict in Juror Assessments of

Compensatory and Punitive Damages.CT-161 What We Do and Don't Know About the Likely

Effects of Decriminalization and Legalization: ABrief Summary.

MADISON, R.MR-928-A Training Requirements and Training Delivery in


Recommendations for Future Policy.MR-992-A Staffing Army ROTC at Colleges and


MR-1012-A Consolidating Active and Reserve ComponentTraining Infrastructure.

MAHRER, P. R.LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testing


MALONE, K. M.RE-99.018.1 Modalities of R&D Funding. Final Report: A


MANGIONE-SMITH, R.RP-825 Health and Cost Benefits of Chlamydia Screening

in Young Women.

MANN, J.LRP-199905-04 Price Competition and Hospital Cost Growth


MARQUIS, M. S.RP-749 Urban-Rural Differences in Employer-Based


45

RP-793 Who Gains and Who Loses with CommunityRating for Small Business?

RP-797 Medicaid Eligibility Expansion in Florida: Effectson Maternity Care Financing and the DeliverySystem.

RP-798 Geographic Variation in Physician Visits forUninsured Children : The Role of the Safety Net.

RP-814 Pooled Purchasing: Who Are the Players?RP-845 Effects of Changing Medicaid Fees on Physician


MARSHALL, A. W.MR-1016-AF Strategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of

Information in Warfare.

MARTIN, L. G.DRU-2066-NIA Re-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging


MASSEY, H. G.MR-991-OSD Using the Force and Support Costing System:


MATSUMURA, J.DB-258-A The Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts



MATTOCK, M. G.MR-928-A Training Requirements and Training Delivery in






MAZEL, R. M.RP-753 Utilization of Well-Child Care Services for African-


MCARTHUR, D.DRU-1887-LADCA

The Arts and Prosocial Impact Study: ProgramCharacteristics and Prosocial Effects.

MCCAFFREY, D.MR-1077-WRDSC Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed

Water: Birth Outcomes in Los Angeles County,1982–1993.



MCCULLOCH, J.RP-754 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A

Case Study of Ohio's State Employee Program.LRP-199900-15 New Research Alliances in the Era of

Managed Care.

MCDONALD, L. L.MR-847-OSD/A Recent Recruiting Trends and Their

Implications for Models of Enlistment Supply.MR-928-A Training Requirements and Training Delivery in






MCEVER, J.DB-278-OSD Analytical Methods for Studies and Experiments


MCGEE, J.RP-770 Making Survey Results Easy to Report to


MCGINN, J. G.MR-1049-OSD Planning America's Security: Lessons from the

National Defense Panel.

MCGLYNN, E. A.RP-730 Development of a Quality of Care Measurement



RP-758 Choosing and Evaluating Clinical PerformanceMeasures.

RP-759 The Outcomes Utility Index: Will Outcomes DataTell Us What We Want to Know?

RP-825 Health and Cost Benefits of Chlamydia Screeningin Young Women.




DRU-2104-BMS Quality Indicators for Hypertension.DRU-2122-HCFA Developing Health Plan Performance Reports:



LRP-199902-04 Services to Families of Adults withSchizophrenia: From TreatmentRecommendations to Dissemination .

MCGUIGAN, K. A.LRP-199912-03 Lesbians' Sexual History with Men:

Implications for Taking a Sexual History.

MCKELVEY, C. J.MR-1042-SOCOM Barriers to Minority Participation in Special

Operations Forces.MR-1085-EDU Assessing the Progress of New American


MCKINNON, K.RP-784 HIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: The


46

MEADOWS, E. A.LRP-199904-01 A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress


MELNICK, G.LRP-199905-01 Market Power and Hospital Pricing: Are

Nonprofits Different?LRP-199905-04 Price Competition and Hospital Cost Growth


MENKEN, J. A.DRU-2018/1-NIA




MEREDITH, L. S.RP-760 Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus

Network-Model Managed Care Organizations.LRP-199900-08 A Naturalistic Study of Psychotherapy: The

Medical Outcomes Study Approach.

MESIC, R.MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPA


MINNIUM, K.RP-841 Evidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed

Primary Care Practices.RP-852 The Design of Healthcare for Communities: A



MIRANDA, J.RP-841 Evidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed


MITTMAN, B. S.RP-796 Quality of Life Among Women Undergoing

Hysterectomies.

MOFFITT, R. A.RP-750 Beyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation and

Marriage in the AFDC Program.

MOINI, J. S.DRU-1887-LADCA


MOLLER, E.MR-969/1-ICJ Class Action Dilemmas. Executive Summary:


MOORE, N. Y.DB-250-USMC Marine Corps Sourcing Competitions: Historical


MORGENSTERN, H.LRP-199902-03 Elevated Asthma Morbidity in Puerto Rican

Children: A Review of Possible Risk andPrognostic Factors /cMarielena Lara ... Et Al.

MORTON, S. C.MR-1158-CIRREF


LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needsand Barriers on Access to Medical Care forPersons with Human Immunodeficiency VirusReceiving Care in the United States.


MOSHIRVAZIRI, K.LRP-199911-01 Determining Optimal Pollution Control

Policies: An Application of Bilevel Programming.

MULVENON, J. C.CF-145-CAPP/AF

The People's Liberation Army in the InformationAge.

MURATA, D.LRP-199911-06 The Economic Impact of Capitated Care for

High Utilizers of Public Mental Health Services:The Los Angeles PARTNERS ProgramExperience.

MURRAY, M. P.MR-847-OSD/A Recent Recruiting Trends and Their

Implications for Models of Enlistment Supply.

MURRAY, N.DRU-2018/4-NIA

The 1996 Matlab Health and SocioeconomicSurvey: Codebook for Household Survey.

DRU-2018/5-NIAThe 1996 Matlab Health and SocioeconomicSurvey: Code Book for Community/ProviderSurvey.

NAFTEL, S.MR-1083-EDU Staffing At-Risk School Districts in Texas:

Problems and Prospects.

NEDEREND, S. E.RP-771 Comparing Telephone and Mail Responses to the

CAHPS Survey Instrument.RP-773 Special Issues in Assessing Care of Medicaid

Recipients.

NEU, C. R.MR-1095-MF Sending Your Government a Message: E-Mail

Communication Between Citizens andGovernment.

NGIN, CHORS.RP-843 Parent-Child Coresidence and Quasi-

Coresidence in Peninsular Malaysia.

NUCCIO, R.CF-146 The RAND Forum on Cuba.

NUTTING, P. A.RP-760 Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus


O'CONNELL, J.RP-745 The Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out of


O'LEARY, J.RP-825 Health and Cost Benefits of Chlamydia Screening

in Young Women.

47

OAKS, D. M.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and



ONDAATJE, E. H.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher


ONESI, M.MR-997-A Use of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future

Army Needs.

ORLETSKY, D.MR-1028-AF Airbase Vulnerability to Conventional Cruise-

Missile and Ballistic-Missile Attacks: Technology,Scenarios, and U.S. Air Force Responses.

MR-1082-AF The United States and a Rising China: Strategicand Military Implications.

ORTIZ, D. S.MR-1105.0-DOE Measures of Residential Energy Consumption

and Their Relationships to DOE Policy.

ORVIS, B. R.MR-992-A Staffing Army ROTC at Colleges and



PACE, N. M.MR-969/1-ICJ Class Action Dilemmas. Executive Summary:



PACE, S.RP-787 Merchants and Guardians: Balancing U.S.

Interests in Space Commerce.DB-247-NASA/OSTP


PACULA, R. L.LRP-199909-03 State Mental Health Parity Laws: Cause or

Consequences of Differences in Use?LRP-199911-05 Labor Force Participation by Persons with

Mental Illness.

PAGLIARI, H. C.RE-99.008 Changing Professional Practice in Health Care:

An Annotated Bibliography of Studies ofPerceptions in Guideline Implementation.

PALMER, A. R.MR-991-OSD Using the Force and Support Costing System:


PANIS, C. W. A.MR-1109-MF Citizens, Computers, and Connectivity: A Review

of Trends.DRU-2226-NICHD/NIA

The Quality of Retrospective Reports in theMalaysian Family Life Survey.

PARK, G. SMR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and


PATTERSON, S.MR-1048-WHFH/RF/UNFPA

How Does Congress Approach Population andFamily Planning Issues? Results of QualitativeInterviews with Legislative Directors.

PAULY, M. V.LRP-199903-03 Association of Dialyzer Reuse with


PEARSON, M.RP-841 Evidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed


PEBLEY, A. R.DRU-2166-NICHD/NIA

Grandparent Care and Welfare: Assessing theImpact of Public Policy on Split and ThreeGeneration Families.

LRP-199903-02 Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren: WhatDo We Know?

LRP-199904-02 Beliefs About Children's Illness.

PELTZ, E.MR-1056-AF Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An




PERLMAN, J. F.RP-767 Drawing a Probability Sample of Female


PERRY, W. L.MR-1023-A Issues Raised During the 1998 Army After Next

Spring Wargame.

PETERSON, C. E.DRU-2018/1-NIA




DRU-2018/4-NIAThe 1996 Matlab Health and SocioeconomicSurvey: Codebook for Household Survey.



PETERSON, DJMR-1111.0-OSTP


PINDER, J.MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPA


48

WP-119 Reactive Armor Tiles for Army and Marine CorpsArmored Vehicles : An Independent Report tothe Department of Defense and the United StatesCongress.

PINTO, M. M.MR-1068-OSTP Technology Forces at Work: Profiles of



PIRNIE, B.MR-1006-AF Defining a Common Planning Framework for the

Air Force.MR-1023-A Issues Raised During the 1998 Army After Next

Spring Wargame.

PODUS, D.RP-818 Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Disability

Insurance (DI), and Substance Abusers.

POLLACK, J. D.MR-1040-A Preparing for Korean Unification: Scenarios and

Implications.

POSTRADO, L.LRP-199902-04 Services to Families of Adults with


POYHONEN, M.MR-1043-RE/VW POLSSS—Policy for Sea Shipping Safety:

Executive Summary.

PYLES, R.CT-149 Aging Aircraft: Implications for Programmed

Depot Maintenance and Engine-SupportedCosts.

QUAYLE, J. A.LRP-199909-05 The Effect of Panel Membership and

Feedback on Ratings in a Two-Round DelphiStudy: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

QUINLIVAN, J. T.RP-844 Coup-Proofing: Its Practice and Consequences

in the Middle East.

RAHMAN, A.RE-99.007 Dataport Rotterdam, Final Report.

RAHMAN, M. O.DRU-2018/1-NIA




RAMEY, T. L.MR-581-AF Lean Logistics: High-Velocity Logistics

Infrastructure and the C-5 Galaxy.MR-1056-AF Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An






RAMICONE, E.LRP-199905-05 Cesarean Deliveries for Medicaid Patients: A


RAND EDUCATION (INSTITUTE)DRU-2083-EDU Teaching Practices and Student Achievement:


RATO, V.MR-1031-RE/FLAD


REARDON, E.MR-1051-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: State and



LRP-199911-02 Substance Abuse Service Utilization underManaged Care: HMOs Versus Carve-Out Plans.

REIFEL, J. L.DRU-1877-AHCPR

Quality of Care for Oncologic Conditions and HIV:A Review of the Literature and Quality Indicators.

REIVICH, K. J.LRP-199900-04 Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in


RESETAR, S. A.MR-1068-OSTP Technology Forces at Work: Profiles of



MR-1111.0-OSTPForest Monitoring and Remote Sensing: ASurvey of Accomplishments and Opportunities forthe Future .

RETTIG, R. A.MR-1018/9-OSD Military Use of Drugs Not Yet Approved by

FDA for CW/BW Defense : Lessons from theGulf War.

REUTER, P.RP-834 Drug Use Measures: What Are They Really

Telling Us?CT-162 Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Federal

Mandatory Minimum Sentences and OtherFederal Enforcement Programs.

REVILLE, R. T.RP-750 Beyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation and


49

RITZ, B. R.MR-1077-WRDSC Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed


ROBBERT, A. A.MR-1091-AF Principles for Determining the Air Force

Active/Reserve Mix.

ROBYN, A. E.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher



ROGOWSKI, J. A.RP-836 Retiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior:

Implications for Health Policy.DRU-2073-NIA Insurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs:


LRP-199911-07 Sink or Swim—Clinicians Don't Often Counselon Drowning Prevention.

ROLAND, M. O.LRP-199900-06 Development of Review Criteria for Assessing



RONFELDT, D. F.MR-989-AF Countering the New Terrorism.MR-1033-OSD The Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an

American Information Strategy.

ROSENBLATT, K.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher


ROSSUM, W.RE-99.018.1 Modalities of R&D Funding. Final Report: A


ROST, K.RP-760 Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus


ROTH, E. A.MR-1052/1-1-CDSS

Welfare Reform in California. Appendix: Resultsof the 1998 All-County Implementation Survey.

ROTHENBERG, J.MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPA


ROWE, M. K.RP-796 Quality of Life Among Women Undergoing

Hysterectomies.

ROWE, T. C.MR-1106.0-HCFA


RUBENSON, D.MR-1064-A Does the Army Have a National Land Use

Strategy?

RUBENSTEIN, L. V.RP-760 Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus

Network-Model Managed Care Organizations.RP-841 Evidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed


RUDKIN, L. L.LRP-199903-02 Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren: What

Do We Know?

RYAN, G.LRP-199900-14 What Pediatricians Can Do to Further Youth

Violence Prevention: A Qualitative Study.

RYDELL, C. P.MR-923-RWJ An Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty:


MR-1036-EDU Closing the Education Gap: Benefits and Costs.

SASTRY, N. M.MR-1129.0-WFHF/RF/UNFPA/NIA/NICHD

The Importance of International DemographicResearch for the United States.


SCHANK, J.MR-928-A Training Requirements and Training Delivery in




SCHNAIER, J. A.RP-768 The Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop and

Evaluate CAHPS 1.0 Core Survey Items.RP-772 Special Issues Addressed in the CAHPS Survey

of Medicare Managed Care Beneficiaries.RP-775 Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS


SCHOENBAUM, M.LRP-199905-02 How Expensive Are Unlimited Substance

Abuse Benefits under Managed Care?

SCHRADER, J.MR-934-A Improving the Army Planning, Programming,


MR-1006-AF Defining a Common Planning Framework for theAir Force.


SCHUSTER, M. A.RP-730 Development of a Quality of Care Measurement



RP-753 Utilization of Well-Child Care Services for African-American Infants in a Low-Income Community:Results of a Randomized, Controlled CaseManagement and Home Visiting Intervention.

LRP-199912-03 Lesbians' Sexual History with Men:Implications for Taking a Sexual History.

50

SCHWABE, W.MR-1101-OSTP Needs and Prospects for Crime-Fighting

Technology: The Federal Role in Assisting Stateand Local Law Enforcement.

DB-271-NIJ How Youthful Offenders Perceive Gun Violence.

SCOTT, J.LRP-199902-04 Services to Families of Adults with


SHANLEY, M. G.MR-955-A The Total Army School System:



SHAPIRO, M. F.LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testing


LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needsand Barriers on Access to Medical Care forPersons with Human Immunodeficiency VirusReceiving Care in the United States.


SHAUL, J. A.RP-769 Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0

Survey Measures.

SHEKELLE, P. G.RP-827 Use of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through

1991 in the United States and Canada.LRP-199900-06 Development of Review Criteria for Assessing


LRP-199900-11 Spinal Manipulation, Current Research.LRP-199900-12 Letter to the Editor: Delphi-Panel Analysis

Paper by Gate Et Al., Leukemia & Lymphoma(1999) 32: 139–149.


SHERBOURNE, C. D.MR-1158-CIRREF


RP-753 Utilization of Well-Child Care Services for African-American Infants in a Low-Income Community:Results of a Randomized, Controlled CaseManagement and Home Visiting Intervention.

RP-840 Functioning and Utility for Current Health ofPatients with Depression or Chronic MedicalConditions in Managed, Primary Care Practices.



LRP-199906-02 Relationship Between Age and Patients'Current Health State Preferences.

SHLAPAK, D. A.MR-1082-AF The United States and a Rising China: Strategic


SHORT, P. F.RP-773 Special Issues in Assessing Care of Medicaid

Recipients.RP-775 Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS


SHULMAN, H. L.LRP-199912-01 Expeditionary Airpower. Part 3: F-15 Support



SHULSKY, A. N.MR-1082-AF The United States and a Rising China: Strategic


SILVEIRA, J. T.MR-1031-RE/FLAD


SIMMONS, C. W.LRP-199903-03 Association of Dialyzer Reuse with


SLOAN, J.MR-1042-SOCOM Barriers to Minority Participation in Special

Operations Forces.

SLOSS, E. M.MR-1077-WRDSC Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed


SMITH, D. A.MR-992-A Staffing Army ROTC at Colleges and


SMITH, J. P.RP-788 The Associations Between Self-Rated Vision and

Hearing and Functional Status in Middle Age.RP-802 Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual

Relation Between Health and Economic Status.RP-833 The Measurement and Structure of Household

Wealth.DRU-2059-NICHD

Lost but Not Forgotten: Attrition in theIndonesian Family Life Survey.

DRU-2177-NIA Anticipated and Actual Bequests.DRU-2215-NICHD

Marriage, Assets, and Savings.

SMITH, S. M.LRP-199912-05 National Probability Samples in Studies of


SOFAER, S.RP-770 Making Survey Results Easy to Report to


SOKOLSKY, R.MR-1074-AF NATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too

Far?

SOLLINGER, J. M.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and


51

MR-1042-SOCOM Barriers to Minority Participation in SpecialOperations Forces.


SOMMER, G.MR-1030-DARPA The Arsenal Ship Acquisition Process

Experience: Contrasting and CommonImpressions from the Contractor Teams and JointProgram Office.

MR-1054-DARPA Innovative Management in the DARPA HighAltitude Endurance Unmanned Aerial VehicleProgram: Phase II Experience.

SPEKTOR, D. M.MR-1050.0-OSTP

The Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals onWildlife: A Review of the Literature 1985–1998.

SPONBERG, B.DB-247-NASA/OSTP


ST. CLAIR, P. A.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs



STAFFORD, F.RP-833 The Measurement and Structure of Household

Wealth.

STASZ, C.RP-805 Academic Skills at Work: Two Perspectives.

STECHER, B. M.RP-803 Class Size Reduction in California: Early

Evaluation Findings, 1996–1998.DRU-2083-EDU Teaching Practices and Student Achievement:


STEEB, R.DB-258-A The Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts



STEIN, B.LRP-199909-02 How Can We Prevent Emotional Disturbances

in Youth Exposed to Violence in Schools?LRP-199911-02 Substance Abuse Service Utilization under

Managed Care: HMOs Versus Carve-Out Plans.

STEIN, M. D.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs


STEINBERG, P.MR-928-A Training Requirements and Training Delivery in

the Total Army School System.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and


MR-955-A The Total Army School System:Recommendations for Future Policy.

MR-1051-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: State andCounty Implementation of CalWORKs in the FirstYear.


RP-790 Conducting Collaborative Research withNontraditional Suppliers.

RP-791 An Approach for Efficiently Managing DoDResearch and Development Portfolios.

WP-120 Maintaining the Army's "Smart Buyer" Capabilityin a Period of Downsizing.

STILLION, J.MR-1028-AF Airbase Vulnerability to Conventional Cruise-

Missile and Ballistic-Missile Attacks: Technology,Scenarios, and U.S. Air Force Responses.

RGSD-147 Blunting the Talons: The Impact of PeaceOperations Deployments on USAF Fighter CrewCombat Skills.

STONE, A. M.MR-1069-A Allocating Scholarships for Army ROTC.DRU-1887-LADCA


STONEMAN, P.RE-99.018.1 Modalities of R&D Funding. Final Report: A


STOOP, J. A.RE-99.001 Zout Is Niet Zoet: De Schepenwet En De Raad

Voor De Transportveiligheid.

STREET, G. P.LRP-199904-01 A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress


STUCKER, J. P.DB-230-OSD Analyzing the Effects of Airfield Resources on

Airlift Capacity.

STUDDERT, D. M.IP-184 A Flood of Litigation? Predicting the


RP-812 Direct Contracts, Data Sharing and EmployeeRisk Selection: New Stakes for Patient Privacyin Tomorrow's Health Insurance Markets.

STURM, R.RP-754 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A

Case Study of Ohio's State Employee Program.RP-848 Effectiveness Research and Implications for



CT-163 Effects of Substance Abuse Parity in PrivateInsurance Plans under Managed Care.

LRP-199900-08 A Naturalistic Study of Psychotherapy: TheMedical Outcomes Study Approach.

LRP-199900-15 New Research Alliances in the Era ofManaged Care.

LRP-199904-03 Use of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, andMaster's-Level Therapists in Managed BehavioralHealth Care Carve-Out Plans.

52

LRP-199905-02 How Expensive Are Unlimited SubstanceAbuse Benefits under Managed Care?



LRP-199909-03 State Mental Health Parity Laws: Cause orConsequences of Differences in Use?

LRP-199909-04 Cost and Quality Trends under ManagedCare: Is There a Learning Curve in BehavioralHealth Carve-Out Plans?

LRP-199911-02 Substance Abuse Service Utilization underManaged Care: HMOs Versus Carve-Out Plans.

LRP-199911-03 Tracking Changes in Behavioral HealthServices: How Have Carve-Outs Changed Care?

LRP-199911-04 Who Leaves Managed Behavioral HealthCare?


SULLIVAN, G.RP-784 HIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: The


SULLIVAN, J. G.LRP-199911-06 The Economic Impact of Capitated Care for

High Utilizers of Public Mental Health Services:The Los Angeles PARTNERS ProgramExperience.

SULLIVAN, T. J.MR-1085-EDU Assessing the Progress of New American


SWAINE, M.MR-1128-OSD Taiwan's National Security, Defense Policy and

Weapons Procurement Process.

SWEENY, S. F.RP-768 The Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop and

Evaluate CAHPS 1.0 Core Survey Items.RP-769 Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0



TEBOW, J. F.LRP-199912-05 National Probability Samples in Studies of


TEDSTROM, J. E.MR-1049-OSD Planning America's Security: Lessons from the

National Defense Panel.

TELLIS, A. J.MR-1082-AF The United States and a Rising China: Strategic


THIE, H.MR-1116-OSD Interagency and International Assignments and


THIRTLE, M. R.RGSD-148 Seeing the Lighthouse — as Simple as the

ASBC? Facilitating Organizational Change inthe U.S. Air Force.

THOMAS, D.RP-757 Fertility, Education and Resources in South

Africa.

RP-865 The Intergenerational Transmission of"Intelligence": Down the Slippery Slopes of TheBell Curve.

DRU-2014-WB/NIHMeasuring Change in Indonesia.

DRU-2059-NICHDLost but Not Forgotten: Attrition in theIndonesian Family Life Survey.

DRU-2064-NIA/NICHDThe Real Costs of Indonesia's Economic Crisis:Preliminary Findings from the Indonesia FamilyLife Surveys.

THOMAS, J. P.MR-1069-A Allocating Scholarships for Army ROTC.

TIEMEYER, P.DB-241-OSD Financial Management Problems Among Enlisted

Personnel.

TONG, D.MR-1072-SRF Economic Openness: Many Facets, Many

Metrics.RGSD-149 The Heart of Economic Reform: China's Banking

Reform and State Enterprise Restructuring.

TOVAR, N.MR-1069-A Allocating Scholarships for Army ROTC.

TREVERTON, G. F.DB-246-OSD What Are Asymmetric Strategies?

TRIPP, R. S.MR-1056-AF Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: An






TURNER, B. J.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs


TWOMEY, C. P.DB-246-OSD What Are Asymmetric Strategies?

UNUTZER, J.RP-841 Evidence-Based Care for Depression in Managed

Primary Care Practices.RP-848 Effectiveness Research and Implications for




VADER, J.RE-99.004 Vlootontwikkeling: Ten Behoeve Van Het


RE-99.005.2 Evaluatiemethodologie Voor Het Learning-by-Doing-Traject Van DTO. Bijlagen:Vragenformulieren En Checklists.

53


VAN DE RIET, O.RE-99.005.2 Evaluatiemethodologie Voor Het Learning-by-

Doing-Traject Van DTO. Bijlagen:Vragenformulieren En Checklists.

VAN DER TAK, C.MR-1043-RE/VW POLSSS—Policy for Sea Shipping Safety:

Executive Summary.

VAN HET LOO, M.MR-1031-RE/FLAD


RE-99.010 The RAND Appropriateness Method: AnAnnotated Bibliography Through June 1999.


VAN HEUVEN, M.P-8036 European Security After 2000: An American

Perspective.

VAN LAAR, C.MR-1071-OSD Increasing a Sense of Community in the Military:

The Role of Personnel Support Programs.

VELDE, R.RE-99.018.1 Modalities of R&D Funding. Final Report: A


VELDMAN, B.RE-99.004 Vlootontwikkeling: Ten Behoeve Van Het


VERNEZ, G.MR-1036-EDU Closing the Education Gap: Benefits and Costs.

VAN DE KERKE, B. S.RE-99.001 Zout Is Niet Zoet: De Schepenwet En De Raad

Voor De Transportveiligheid.RE-99.004 Vlootontwikkeling: Ten Behoeve Van Het


RE-99.006 Een Open Dakraam: Voor De Verbouwing TotIntegrale Raad Voor De Transportveiligheid.

VOGELGESANG, L. J.MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning in Higher


WAGNER, C. S.MR-1079-NSF Global Science and Technology Information: A

New Spin on Access.MR-1115-OSTP U.S. Government Funding of Cooperative

Research and Development in North America.

WALKER, W. E.MR-1043-RE/VW POLSSS—Policy for Sea Shipping Safety:

Executive Summary.

WALLACE, P.DRU-2104-BMS Quality Indicators for Hypertension.

WANG, M. Y. D.DB-250-USMC Marine Corps Sourcing Competitions: Historical


WARDYNSKI, C.DB-241-OSD Financial Management Problems Among Enlisted

Personnel.

WAXMAN, M. C.MR-1061-AF Air Power as a Coercive Instrument.

WAY-SMITH, S.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and


WEBB, K. W.RP-818 Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Disability

Insurance (DI), and Substance Abusers.

WEIDMER, B.RP-774 Translating the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Instruments

into Spanish.

WEISSLER, R.MR-1064-A Does the Army Have a National Land Use

Strategy?

WELLS, K. B.RP-760 Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus

Network-Model Managed Care Organizations.RP-761 The Design of Partners in Care: Evaluating the

Cost Effectiveness of Improving Care forDepression in Primary Care.

RP-840 Functioning and Utility for Current Health ofPatients with Depression or Chronic MedicalConditions in Managed, Primary Care Practices.

RP-841 Evidence-Based Care for Depression in ManagedPrimary Care Practices.


LRP-199900-08 A Naturalistic Study of Psychotherapy: TheMedical Outcomes Study Approach.




WERKO, L.LRP-199905-03 Appropriateness of Referral of Coronary


WESLEY, D.DRU-2018/4-NIA

The 1996 Matlab Health and SocioeconomicSurvey: Codebook for Household Survey.


WHITE, J. P.MR-1016-AF Strategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of

Information in Warfare.

WILLIAMS, L. M.DB-230-OSD Analyzing the Effects of Airfield Resources on

Airlift Capacity.

WILLIAMS, V. S. L.RP-769 Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0



54

WILLIAMS, W. A.MR-1006-AF Defining a Common Planning Framework for the

Air Force.MR-1091-AF Principles for Determining the Air Force

Active/Reserve Mix.

WILLIAMSON, S.MR-1067-OSD A Description of U.S. Enlisted Personnel

Promotion Systems.

WILLIS, R. J.RP-726 The Economics of Fertility in Developed

Countries: A Survey.

WINKLER, A. E.RP-750 Beyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation and


WINKLER, J. D.MR-928-A Training Requirements and Training Delivery in

the Total Army School System.MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Command and


MR-955-A The Total Army School System:Recommendations for Future Policy.


WOLF, C.MR-1072-SRF Economic Openness: Many Facets, Many

Metrics.

WONG, C.MR-997-A Use of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future

Army Needs.MR-1064-A Does the Army Have a National Land Use

Strategy?RP-790 Conducting Collaborative Research with




WOOD, D.RP-753 Utilization of Well-Child Care Services for African-


YANG, R. H.CF-145-CAPP/AF

The People's Liberation Army in the InformationAge.

YEE, H.MR-997-A Use of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet Future


Nontraditional Suppliers.

YEZRIL, A.MR-1079-NSF Global Science and Technology Information: A

New Spin on Access.

YOUNG, A. S.RP-784 HIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: The





ZANINI, M.MR-989-AF Countering the New Terrorism.

ZELLMAN, G.MR-1051-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: State and



ZHANG, W.LRP-199905-02 How Expensive Are Unlimited Substance

Abuse Benefits under Managed Care?

ZIERLER, S.LRP-199912-04 The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs


ZUBERNIS, L. S.LRP-199900-04 Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in


ZWANZIGER, J.LRP-199905-01 Market Power and Hospital Pricing: Are

Nonprofits Different?LRP-199905-04 Price Competition and Hospital Cost Growth


55

TITLE INDEX

The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey:Questionnaires for Community/Provider Survey. DRU-2018/3-NIA

The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey:Questionnaires for Household Survey. DRU-2018/2-NIA

The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey:Code Book for Community/Provider Survey. DRU-2018/5-NIA

The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey:Codebook for Household Survey. DRU-2018/4-NIA

The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey:Overview and User's Guide. DRU-2018/1-NIA

Academic Skills at Work: Two Perspectives. RP-805

Adolescent Use of Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana:How Important Is Social Bonding and for WhichEthnic Groups? RP-765

Aging Aircraft: Implications for Programmed DepotMaintenance and Engine-Supported Costs. CT-149

Air Power as a Coercive Instrument. MR-1061-AF

Air Power, Space Power and Geography. RP-842

Airbase Vulnerability to Conventional Cruise-Missileand Ballistic-Missile Attacks: Technology,Scenarios, and U.S. Air Force Responses. MR-1028-AF

Allocating Scholarships for Army ROTC. MR-1069-A

An Analysis of the Child and Adult Care Food Programin Child Care Centers. MR-1167.0-USDAFNS

Analytical Methods for Studies and Experiments on"Transforming the Force". DB-278-OSD

Analyzing the Effects of Airfield Resources on AirliftCapacity. DB-230-OSD

Anchoring and Acquiescence Bias in Measuring Assetsin Household Surveys. DRU-2037-NIA

Anticipated and Actual Bequests. DRU-2177-NIA

An Approach for Efficiently Managing DoD Researchand Development Portfolios. RP-791

Appropriateness of Referral of Coronary AngiographyPatients in Sweden. LRP-199905-03

Are Recon Operations at the NTC Getting Better? RB-3010

Are There Barriers to Minorities Joining SpecialOperations Forces? RB-7526

The Army After Next: Exploring New Concepts andTechnologies for the Light Battle Force. DB-258-A

The Arsenal Ship Acquisition Process Experience:Contrasting and Common Impressions from theContractor Teams and Joint Program Office. MR-1030-DARPA

The Arts and Prosocial Impact Study: ProgramCharacteristics and Prosocial Effects. DRU-1887-LADCA

Assessing the Progress of New American Schools: AStatus Report. MR-1085-EDU

Association of Dialyzer Reuse with Hospitalizationand Survival Rates Among U.S. HemodialysisPatients: Do Comorbidities Matter? LRP-199903-03

The Associations Between Self-Rated Vision andHearing and Functional Status in Middle Age. RP-788

Attracting College-Bound Youth into the Military:Toward the Development of New Recruiting PolicyOptions. MR-984-OSD

Barriers to Minority Participation in Special OperationsForces. MR-1042-SOCOM

Beliefs About Children's Illness. LRP-199904-02

The Benefits and Costs of Drug Use Prevention:Clarifying a Cloudy Issue. RB-6007

Berichtgeving En Percepties Ten Aanzien Van DeExterne Veiligheid Van De Luchtvaart. RE-99.013

Beyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation and Marriage inthe AFDC Program. RP-750

Binding Arbitration Is Not Frequently Used to ResolveHealth Care Disputes. RB-9030

Blunting the Talons: The Impact of Peace OperationsDeployments on USAF Fighter Crew CombatSkills. RGSD-147

Bridging the Gap: Consolidating Active and ReserveTraining. RB-3009

Caring for HIV Patients: Good News and BadNews. R B-4525

Cesarean Deliveries for Medicaid Patients: AComparison in Public and Private Hospitals in LosAngeles County. LRP-199905-05

Changing Air Force Culture: Assessment of theSummer 1998 Air and Space Basic Course. RB-54

56

The Changing Mediterranean Security Environment: ATransatlantic Perspective. RP-778

Changing Professional Practice in Health Care: AnAnnotated Bibliography of Studies of Perceptions inGuideline Implementation. RE-99.008

The Changing Role of the U.S. Military in Space. MR-895-AF

China's Arms Sales: Motivations and Implications. MR-1119-AF

Chinese Policy Toward Russia and the Central AsianRepublics. MR-1045-AF

Choosing and Evaluating Clinical PerformanceMeasures. RP-758

Citizens, Computers, and Connectivity: A Review ofTrends. MR-1109-MF

Class Action Dilemmas. Executive Summary:Pursuing Public Goals for Private Gain. MR-969/1-ICJ

Class Size Reduction in California: Early EvaluationFindings, 1996–1998. RP-803

Cloning Human Beings: Recent Scientific and PolicyDevelopments. MR-1099.0-NBAC

Closing the Education Gap: Benefits and Costs. MR-1036-EDU

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Treatment ofPosttraumatic Stress Disorder. LRP-199900-05

Collateral Damage in the War on Drugs: HIV RiskAmong Injection Drug Users. LRP-199900-13

Combining Service and Learning in Higher Education:Evaluation of the Learn and Serve America, HigherEducation Program. MR-998-EDU

Command Concepts: A Theory Derived from thePractice of Command and Control. MR-775-OSD

Comparing Telephone and Mail Responses to theCAHPS Survey Instrument. RP-771

Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of FederalMandatory Minimum Sentences and Other FederalEnforcement Programs. CT-162

A Comparison of Exposure Therapy, Stress InoculationTraining, and Their Combination for ReducingPosttraumatic Stress Disorder in Female AssaultVictims. LRP-199904-01

Competing with College: Developing New RecruitingOptions for the Military. RB-7522

Conceptualizing Poverty: A Look Inside theIndonesian Household. DRU-2180

Conducting Collaborative Research with NontraditionalSuppliers. RP-790

Congage China. IP-187

Consolidating Active and Reserve Component TrainingInfrastructure. MR-1012-A

Cost Functions for Dialysis Facilities and the Qualityof Dialysis. LRP-199902-01

Cost and Quality Trends under Managed Care: IsThere a Learning Curve in Behavioral Health Carve-Out Plans? LRP-199909-04

Cost-Containment and Adverse Selection in MedicaidHMOs. RP-815

Cost-Effectiveness Issues in the Treatment ofPosttraumatic Stress Disorder. LRP-199900-07

Countering the New Terrorism. MR-989-AF

Coup-Proofing: Its Practice and Consequences in theMiddle East. RP-844

Creating a Coordinated Autos/UAW Reporting System(CARS) for Evaluating Health Plan Performance . DRU-2123-FMC

Data Policy Issues and Barriers to Using CommercialResources for Mission to Planet Earth. DB-247-NASA/OSTP

Dataport Rotterdam, Final Report. RE-99.007

Defense Working Capital Fund Pricing Policies:Insights from the Defense Finance and AccountingService. MR-1066-DFAS

Defining a Common Planning Framework for the AirForce. MR-1006-AF

A Description of U.S. Enlisted Personnel PromotionSystems. MR-1067-OSD

The Design of Healthcare for Communities: A Studyof Health Care Delivery for Alcohol, Drug Abuse,and Mental Health Conditions. LRP-199906-01

The Design of Partners in Care: Evaluating the CostEffectiveness of Improving Care for Depression inPrimary Care. RP-761

Detecting Gender-Based Differential Item Functioningon a Constructed-Response Science Test. LRP-199900-09

Determining Optimal Pollution Control Policies: AnApplication of Bilevel Programming. LRP-199911-01

Developing Health Plan Performance Reports:Responding to the BBA. DRU-2122-HCFA

Development of Review Criteria for Assessing theQuality of Management of Stable Angina, AdultAsthma, and Non-Insulin Dependent DiabetesMellitus in General Practice. LRP-199900-06

Development of a Quality of Care MeasurementSystem for Children and Adolescents:

57

Methodological Considerations and Comparisonswith a System for Adult Women. RP-730

Direct Contracts, Data Sharing and Employee RiskSelection: New Stakes for Patient Privacy inTomorrow's Health Insurance Markets. RP-812

Do We Need an Empirical Research Agenda onJudicial Independence? RP-808

Does It Pay to Attend an Elite Private College? CrossCohort Evidence on the Effects of College Qualityon Earnings. LRP-199901-01

Does the Army Have a National Land UseStrategy? MR-1064-A

Drawing a Probability Sample of Female Prostitutes inLos Angeles County. RP-767

Drug Paraphernalia Laws and Injection-RelatedInfectious Disease Risk Among Drug Injectors. LRP-199901-02

Drug Use Measures: What Are They Really TellingUs? R P-834

The Economic Costs and Implications of High-Technology Hardware Theft. MR-1070-AEA

The Economic Impact of Capitated Care for HighUtilizers of Public Mental Health Services: TheLos Angeles PARTNERS Program Experience. LRP-199911-06

Economic Openness: Many Facets, Many Metrics. MR-1072-SRF

The Economics of Fertility in Developed Countries: ASurvey. RP-726

Een Open Dakraam: Voor De Verbouwing TotIntegrale Raad Voor De Transportveiligheid. RE-99.006

The Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Out of TortLaw in the United States. RP-745

The Effect of Panel Membership and Feedback onRatings in a Two-Round Delphi Study: Results of aRandomized Controlled Trial. LRP-199909-05

Effectiveness Research and Implications for StudyDesign: Sample Size and Statistical Power. LRP-199907-02

Effects of Changing Medicaid Fees on PhysicianParticipation and Enrollee Access. RP-845

Effects of Substance Abuse Parity in Private InsurancePlans under Managed Care. CT-163

The Effects of a Choice Automobile Insurance Plan onInsurance Costs and Compensation: An AnalysisBased on 1997 Data. MR-1134-ICJ

Effects of the Indonesian Crisis: Evidence from theIndonesian Family Life Survey. RB-5026

Elevated Asthma Morbidity in Puerto Rican Children:A Review of Possible Risk and Prognostic Factors/cMarielena Lara ... Et Al. LRP-199902-03

The Emergence of Noopolitik: Toward an AmericanInformation Strategy. MR-1033-OSD

Enlistment Decisions in the 1990s: Evidence fromIndividual-Level Data. MR-944-OSD/A

Ensuring Delivery of Necessary Care in the UnitedStates: Testimony Presented to the SenateCommittee on Health, Education, Labor, andPensions. CT-152

Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPS Demonstrationsand Evaluations. RP-775

Equity in Managed Care for Mental Disorders. LRP-199909-06

Estimating the Effects of "No-Pay, No-Play" AutoInsurance Plans on the Costs of Auto Insurance: TheEffects of Proposition 213. LRP-199900-03

Euroland, Open for Business. RP-837

European Security After 2000: An AmericanPerspective. P -8036

Evaluatiemethodologie Voor Het Learning-by-Doing-Traject Van DTO. Bijlagen: Vragenformulieren EnChecklists. RE-99.005.2

Evaluatiemethodologie Voor Het Learning-by-Doing-Traject Van DTO. Hoofdrapport. RE-99.005.1

An Evaluation of Housing Options for MilitaryFamilies. MR-1020-OSD

Evidence-Based Care for Depression in ManagedPrimary Care Practices. RP-841

Expeditionary Airpower. Part 2: EAF StrategicPlanning. LRP-199909-01

Expeditionary Airpower. Part 3: F-15 SupportAnalysis: Exploring F-15 Avionics IntermediateMaintenance Concepts to Meet AEF Challenges. LRP-199912-01

Expeditionary Airpower. Part 4: A Vision for AgileCombat Support. LRP-199912-02

Expeditionary Airpower: A Global Infrastructure toSupport EAF. LRP-199907-01

Family Planning in Developing Countries: AnUnfinished Success Story (Arabic language version).IP-7176/5

Fertility, Education and Resources in South Africa. RP-757

Financial Management Problems Among EnlistedPersonnel. DB-241-OSD

58

A Flood of Litigation? Predicting the Consequences ofChanging Legal Remedies Available to ERISABeneficiaries. IP-184

Forest Monitoring and Remote Sensing: A Survey ofAccomplishments and Opportunities for the Future. MR-1111.0-OSTP

Fox Trot: Seeking Preparedness for Military UrbanOperations. RP-799

The Frequency of Excess Claims for AutomobilePersonal Injuries. LRP-199900-02

From Channel Diversity to Channel Strategy. DRU-2165-NSF

Functioning and Utility for Current Health of Patientswith Depression or Chronic Medical Conditions inManaged, Primary Care Practices. RP-840

Geographic Variation in Physician Visits for UninsuredChildren : The Role of the Safety Net. RP-798

Global Science and Technology Information: A NewSpin on Access. MR-1079-NSF

Goal Conflict in Juror Assessments of Compensatoryand Punitive Damages. RP-830

Grandparent Care and Welfare: Assessing the Impactof Public Policy on Split and Three GenerationFamilies. DRU-2166-NICHD/NIA

Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren: What Do WeKnow? LRP-199903-02

Greek Security Concerns in the Balkans. RP-780

Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Water:Adverse Birth Outcomes in Los Angeles County,1982–1993. DRU-2057-WRDSC

Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Water: BirthOutcomes in Los Angeles County, 1982–1993. MR-1077-WRDSC

HIV and People with Serious Mental Illness: ThePublic Sector's Role in Reducing HIV Risk andImproving Care. RP-784

Handbook of Human Tissue Sources: A NationalResource of Human Tissue Samples. MR-954-OSTP

Health and Cost Benefits of Chlamydia Screening inYoung Women. RP-825

Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual RelationBetween Health and Economic Status. RP-802

The Heart of Economic Reform: China's BankingReform and State Enterprise Restructuring. RGSD-149

Helping Shape Civil Justice Policy: 1998 AnnualReport. AR-7006-ICJ

How Can We Prevent Emotional Disturbances inYouth Exposed to Violence in Schools? LRP-199909-02

How Companies Perform at the National TrainingCenter. RB-3012

How Did ODS/S Affect the RC? Evidence from the1992 RC Survey. RB-7529

How Does Congress Approach Population and FamilyPlanning Issues? Results of Qualitative Interviewswith Legislative Directors. MR-1048-WHFH/RF/UNFPA

How Expensive Are Unlimited Substance AbuseBenefits under Managed Care? LRP-199905-02

How Goes CalWORKs? Emerging ImplementationIssues. RB-5027

How Good Is the Quality of Health Care in the UnitedStates? R P-751

How Youthful Offenders Perceive Gun Violence. DB-271-NIJ

Immigrant Women in the U.S. Workforce: WhoStruggles? Who Succeeds? MR-1052/1-1-CDSS

The Impact of Competing Subsistence Needs andBarriers on Access to Medical Care for Persons withHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Care inthe United States. LRP-199912-04

The Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals onWildlife: A Review of the Literature 1985–1998. MR-1050.0-OSTP

Implications of Population Aging for GeriatricHealth. R P-792

The Importance of International Demographic Researchfor the United States. MR-1129.0-WFHF/RF/UNFPA/NIA/NICHD

Improving Military Communities. RB-7528

Improving Performance and Efficiency in the TotalArmy School System. RB-3015

Improving Training Efficiency: Lessons from the TotalArmy School System. RB-3008

Improving the Army Planning, Programming,Budgeting, and Execution System (PPBES): TheProgramming Phase. MR-934-A

Increasing a Sense of Community in the Military: TheRole of Personnel Support Programs. MR-1071-OSD

The Influence of Organizational Context on QuittingIntention: An Examination of Treatment Staff inLong-Term Mental Health Care Settings. LRP-199903-01

59

The Information Revolution and Political Opposition inthe Middle East. RP-813

Information Superiority and Game Theory: The Valueof Information in Four Games. RP-806

Information Technology and Strategic SalesManagement. DRU-2164-NSF

Innovation and Technological Leadership: Fifty Yearsof Competition in U.S. Aircraft R&D. RB-52

Innovative Acquisition Approaches: Lessons Learnedfrom the HAE UAV Program. RB-7109

Innovative Management in the DARPA High AltitudeEndurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Program:Phase II Experience. MR-1054-DARPA

Insurance Coverage for Prescription Drugs: Effects onUse and Expenditures in the MedicarePopulation. DRU-2073-NIA

Interagency and International Assignments and OfficerCareer Management. MR-1116-OSD

Interagency and International Careers for MilitaryOfficers: Feasible and Advisable? RB-7531

The Intergenerational Transmission of "Intelligence":Down the Slippery Slopes of The Bell Curve. RP-865

Interim Report, Evaluation Plan for the Medicare-DoDSubvention Demonstration. MR-1106.0-HCFA

Introducing Managed Care in the Military HealthSystem. RB-4526

Iran, Limits to Rapprochement: Statement for theCommittee on Foreign Relations; Subcommittee onNear Eastern and South Asian Affairs. CT-158

Is Europe Soft on Terrorism? RP-801

Issues Raised During the 1998 Army After Next SpringWargame. MR-1023-A

Joint Operations Superiority in the 21st Century:Analytic Support to the 1998 Defense ScienceBoard. DB-260-A/OSD

La Pianificazione Familiare Nei Paesi in Via DiSviluppo: Un Successo Incompleto. IP-176/3

La Planificacion Familiar En Los Paises En Desarrollo:Un Exito Incompleto. IP-176/2

La Planification Familiale Dans Les Pays EnDeveloppement: Une Reussite a Parachever. IP-176/1

Labor Force Participation by Persons with MentalIllness. LRP-199911-05

Large-Scale Testing: Current Practices and NewDirections. IP-182

Lean Logistics: High-Velocity Logistics Infrastructureand the C-5 Galaxy. MR-581-AF

Lesbians' Sexual History with Men: Implications forTaking a Sexual History. LRP-199912-03

Letter to the Editor: Delphi-Panel Analysis Paper byGate Et Al., Leukemia & Lymphoma (1999) 32:139–149. LRP-199900-12

Lost but Not Forgotten: Attrition in the IndonesianFamily Life Survey. DRU-2059-NICHD

Maintaining the Army's "Smart Buyer" Capability in aPeriod of Downsizing. WP-120

Making Military Education More Effective andAffordable. RB-3007

Making Survey Results Easy to Report to Consumers:How Reporting Needs Guided Survey Design inCAHPS. R P-770

Managing Wastes with and Without PlutoniumSeparation. P -8035

Marine Corps Sourcing Competitions: HistoricalPerformance and Directions for Improvement. DB-250-USMC

Market Power and Hospital Pricing: Are NonprofitsDifferent? LRP-199905-01

Marriage, Assets, and Savings. DRU-2215-NICHD

The Measurement and Structure of HouseholdWealth. RP-833

Measures of Residential Energy Consumption and TheirRelationships to DOE Policy. MR-1105.0-DOE

Measuring Change in Indonesia. DRU-2014-WB/NIH

Medicaid Eligibility Expansion in Florida: Effects onMaternity Care Financing and the DeliverySystem. RP-797

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Parity: A CaseStudy of Ohio's State Employee Program. RP-754

Merchants and Guardians: Balancing U.S. Interests inSpace Commerce. RP-787

Microworld Simulations for Command and ControlTraining of Theater Logistics and Support Staffs: ACurriculum Strategy. MR-929-A

Military Compensation: Testimony Presented to theSenate Armed Services Committee, Subcommitteeon Personnel. CT-151

Military Compensation: Trends and Policy Options. DB-273-OSD

Military Use of Drugs Not Yet Approved by FDA forCW/BW Defense : Lessons from the Gulf War. MR-1018/9-OSD

Modalities of R&D Funding. Final Report: AComparison of EU Member States. RE-99.018.1

Modifying Federal Civil Service RetirementIncentives. RB-7524

60

Mortality Risk and Consumption by Couples. DRU-2061-NIA

NATO Enlargement After the First Round. RP-786

NATO and Caspian Security: A Mission Too Far? MR-1074-AF

NATO's Adaptation and Transformation: KeyChallenges. CT-159

NATO's New Strategic Concept and PeripheralContingencies: The Middle East. CF-149-CMEPP/GCSP

National Probability Samples in Studies of Low-Prevalence Diseases. Part II, Designing andImplementing the HIV Cost and Services UtilizationStudy Sample. LRP-199912-05

A Naturalistic Study of Psychotherapy: The MedicalOutcomes Study Approach. LRP-199900-08

Needs and Prospects for Crime-Fighting Technology:The Federal Role in Assisting State and Local LawEnforcement. MR-1101.0-OSTP

New Research Alliances in the Era of ManagedCare. LRP-199900-15

Newspaper Coverage of Automotive Product LiabilityVerdicts. RP-809

O Planeamento Familiar Nos Paises Em Vias DeDesennvolvimento: Uma Historia De SucessoInacabada. IP-176/4

An Ounce of Prevention, a Pound of Uncertainty: TheCost-Effectiveness of School-Based Drug PreventionPrograms. MR-923-RWJ

The Outcomes Utility Index: Will Outcomes DataTell Us What We Want to Know? RP-759

POLSSS—Policy for Sea Shipping Safety: ExecutiveSummary. MR-1043-RE/VW

The Pace of CalWORKs Implementation. CT-165

Parent-Child Coresidence and Quasi-Coresidence inPeninsular Malaysia. RP-843

Past RMAs, Future Transformations: What CanHistory Tell Us About Transforming the U.S.Military? RB-7108

Past Revolutions, Future Transformations: What Canthe History of Revolutions in Military Affairs TellUs About Transforming the U.S. Military? MR-1029-DARPA

The People's Liberation Army in the InformationAge. CF-145-CAPP/AF

Perstempo: Does It Help or Hinder Reenlistment? RB-7532

Physician Perceptions of Barriers to Care for Inner-CityLatino Children with Asthma. LRP-199902-02

Planning America's Security: Lessons from theNational Defense Panel. MR-1049-OSD

Planning a Ballistic Missile Defense System ofSystems: An Adaptive Strategy. IP-181

Policy and Health: Implications for Development inAsia. R B-5027

Political Violence and Stability in the States of theNorthern Persian Gulf. MR-1021-OSD

Pooled Purchasing: Who Are the Players? RP-814

A Portrait of the HIV+ Population in America: InitialResults from the HIV Cost and Services UtilizationStudy. RB-4523

Postmobilization Training of National Guard CombatUnits. RB-3011

Predicting Clinician Injury Prevention Counseling forYoung Children. LRP-199912-06

Predicting Military Innovation. DB-242-A

Preparing for Korean Unification: Scenarios andImplications. MR-1040-A

Prescription Drugs and the Elderly: Policy Implicationsof Medicare Coverage. RB-5028

Prevention of Depressive Symptoms in PreadolescentChildren of Divorce. LRP-199900-04

Price Competition and Hospital Cost Growth in theUnited States (1989–1994). LRP-199905-04

Principles for Determining the Air ForceActive/Reserve Mix. MR-1091-AF

Product and Stock Market Respons to AutomotiveProduct Liability Verdicts. RP-794

Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0 SurveyMeasures. RP-769

Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) Analysis: ARetrospective Look at Joint Staff Participation. DB-236-JS

Quality Indicators for Hypertension. DRU-2104-BMS

Quality of Care for Cardiopulmonary Conditions: AReview of the Literature and Quality Indicators. DRU-1876-AHCPR

Quality of Care for General Medical Conditions: AReview of the Literature and Quality Indicators. DRU-1878-AHCPR

Quality of Care for Oncologic Conditions and HIV: AReview of the Literature and Quality Indicators. DRU-1877-AHCPR

Quality of Life Among Women UndergoingHysterectomies. RP-796

The Quality of Retrospective Reports in the MalaysianFamily Life Survey. DRU-2226-NICHD/NIA

61

Quantifying the Battlefield. RB-3014

The RAND Appropriateness Method: An AnnotatedBibliography Through June 1999. RE-99.010

The RAND Forum on Cuba. CF-146

Re-Weighting the Second Supplement on Aging to the1994 National Health Interview Survey for TrendAnalysis. DRU-2066-NIA

Reactive Armor Tiles for Army and Marine CorpsArmored Vehicles : An Independent Report to theDepartment of Defense and the United StatesCongress. WP-119

The Real Costs of Indonesia's Economic Crisis:Preliminary Findings from the Indonesia Family LifeSurveys. DRU-2064-NIA/NICHD

Recent Recruiting Trends and Their Implications forModels of Enlistment Supply. MR-847-OSD/A

Relationship Between Age and Patients' CurrentHealth State Preferences. LRP-199906-02

The Relationship Between Infant and Child Mortalityand Subsequent Fertility in Indonesia, 1971–1991. RP-779

Remote Sensing Operational Capabilities: FinalReport. MR-1172.0-OSTP

Research and Development Initiatives Focused onPreventing, Detecting, and Responding to InsiderMisuse of Critical Defense Information Systems:Results of a Three-Day Workshop. CF-151-OSD

Research on Syringe Exchange Programs in California:Summary Remarks Made to the California AssemblyHealth Committee. CT-154

Research on Syringe Exchange Programs in California:Summary Remarks Made to the California SenateCommittee on Public Safety, the Senate Committeeon Health and Human Services, and the AssemblyCommittee on Public Safety. CT-153

Retiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior:Implications for Health Policy. RP-836

A Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains toGulf War Illnesses. Vol. 2, PyridostigmineBromide . MR-1018/2-OSD

A Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains toGulf War Illnesses. Vol. 7, Depleted Uranium. MR-1018/7-OSD

A Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains toGulf War Illnesses: Pyridostigmine Bromide. CT-164

Risk Premiums for Environmental Liability: DoesSuperfund Increase the Cost of Capital? RP-755

School-Based Substance-Abuse Prevention: WhatWorks, for Whom, and How? LRP-199900-01

Securing the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure:A Proposed Approach. MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPA

Seeing the Lighthouse — as Simple as the ASBC?Facilitating Organizational Change in the U.S. AirForce. RGSD-148

Segment Strategies and the Resource-Based View ofthe Firm. DRU-2163-NSF

A Seminar Game to Analyze Regional GovernanceOptions for Portugal. MR-1031-RE/FLAD

Sending Your Government a Message: E-MailCommunication Between Citizens andGovernment. MR-1095-MF

Sending Your Government a Message: E-MailCommunication Between Citizens andGovernments. DRU-2043-MF

Services to Families of Adults with Schizophrenia:From Treatment Recommendations to Dissemination. LRP-199902-04

The Shape of Korea's Future: South Korean AttitudesToward Unification and Long-Term SecurityIssues. MR-1092-CAPP

Simultaneous Polydrug Use Among Teens: Prevalenceand Predictors. RP-839

Sink or Swim—Clinicians Don't Often Counsel onDrowning Prevention. LRP-199911-07

Social Skills Training. LRP-199900-10

Special Issues Addressed in the CAHPS Survey ofMedicare Managed Care Beneficiaries. RP-772

Special Issues in Assessing Care of MedicaidRecipients. RP-773

Spinal Manipulation, Current Research. LRP-199900-11

Staffing Army ROTC at Colleges and Universities:Alternatives for Reducing the Use of Active-DutySoldiers. MR-992-A

Staffing At-Risk School Districts in Texas: Problemsand Prospects. MR-1083-EDU

State Mental Health Parity Laws: Cause orConsequences of Differences in Use? LRP-199909-03

Strategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of Informationin Warfare. MR-1016-AF

Strategic Segmentation: The Strategy-CapabilitiesLink in Services. DRU-2162-NSF

Substance Abuse Service Utilization under ManagedCare: HMOs Versus Carve-Out Plans. LRP-199911-02

62

Supplemental Security Income (SSI), DisabilityInsurance (DI), and Substance Abusers. RP-818

Supporting Expeditionary Aerospace Forces: AnIntegrated Strategic Agile Combat Support PlanningFramework. MR-1056-AF

Taiwan's National Security, Defense Policy andWeapons Procurement Process. MR-1128-OSD

Taking the Pulse of Health Care in America. RB-4524

Teaching Practices and Student Achievement: Reportof First-Year Findings from the "Mosaic" Study ofSystematic Initiatives in Mathematics andScience. DRU-2083-EDU

Technology Forces at Work. Executive Summary:Profiles of Environmental Research andDevelopment at Dupont, Intel, Monsanto, andXerox. MR-1068/1-OSTP

Technology Forces at Work: Profiles of EnvironmentalResearch and Development at Dupont, Intel,Monsanto, and Xerox. MR-1068-OSTP

Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: AnAnalysis of Trends and Motivations. P -8039

Text-Based Accountability Systems: Lessons ofKentucky's Experiment. RB-8017

The Total Army School System: Recommendations forFuture Policy. MR-955-A

Toward a Psychology of Harm Reduction. RP-777

Tracking Changes in Behavioral Health Services:How Have Carve-Outs Changed Care? LRP-199911-03

Tracking K-12 Education Spending in California: AnUpdated Analysis. MR-1089.0-EDU

Training Requirements and Training Delivery in theTotal Army School System. MR-928-A

Training for an AC-RC Integrated Division. RB-3013

Translating the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Instruments intoSpanish. RP-774

Treating Depression in Staff-Model Versus Network-Model Managed Care Organizations. RP-760

Turkey's Strategic Options. RP-795

The Two Koreas in 1998: Dealing with Adversity. P-8038

U.S. Abortion Policy and Fertility. RP-800

U.S. Government Funding of Cooperative Researchand Development in North America. MR-1115-OSTP

U.S. Policy Toward Cyprus and the EasternMediterranean: Changing Strategic PerspectivesAfter the Cold War. RP-776

Underuse and Overuse of Diagnostic Testing forCoronary Artery Disease in Patients Presenting withNew-Onset Chest Pain. LRP-199904-04

Underuse of Cardiac Procedures: Do Women, EthnicMinorities, and the Uninsured Fail to ReceiveNeeded Revascularization? RP-766

The United States and a Rising China: Strategic andMilitary Implications. MR-1082-AF

Urban-Rural Differences in Employer-Based HealthInsurance Coverage of Workers. RP-749

The Urgent Need for a California Asthma Program. CT-155

Use of Chiropractic Services from 1985 Through 1991in the United States and Canada. RP-827

The Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop and EvaluateCAHPS 1.0 Core Survey Items. RP-768

The Use of Microworld Simulations to Train TheaterLevel CSS Staffs: Training DevelopmentConsiderations. DB-265-A

Use of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Master's-LevelTherapists in Managed Behavioral Health CareCarve-Out Plans. LRP-199904-03

Use of Public-Private Partnerships to Meet FutureArmy Needs. MR-997-A

Using Process Redesign to Improve DoD'sEnvironmental Security Program: RemediationProgram Management. MR-1024-OSD

Using Qualitative Methods to Study the Hidden Worldof Offstreet Prostitution in Los Angeles County. RP-762

Using the Force and Support Costing System: AnIntroductory Guide and Tutorial. MR-991-OSD

Uterine Artery Embolization: A Systematic Review ofthe Literature and Proposal for Research. MR-1158-CIRREF

Utilization of Well-Child Care Services for African-American Infants in a Low-Income Community:Results of a Randomized, Controlled CaseManagement and Home Visiting Intervention. RP-753

Velocity Management and the Revolution in MilitaryLogistics. RP-752

Vlootontwikkeling: Ten Behoeve Van HetDirectoraat-General Rijksluchtvaartdienst, DirectieVervoer En Infrastructuur, Beleidsgroep AlgemeenMilieu- En Ruimtelijke Ordening. RE-99.004

"—We Band of Brothers": The Call for Joint UrbanOperations Doctrine. DB-270-JS/A

Welfare Background, Attitudes, and EmploymentAmong New Mothers. RP-738

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Welfare Reform in California. Appendix: Results ofthe 1998 All-County Implementation Survey. MR-1052/1-CDSS

Welfare Reform in California. Executive Summary:State and County Implementation of CalWORKs inthe First Year. MR-1051/1-CDSS

Welfare Reform in California: Results of the 1998 All-County Implementation Survey. MR-1052-CDSS

Welfare Reform in California: State and CountyImplementation of CalWORKs in the First Year. MR-1051-CDSS

What Are Asymmetric Strategies? DB-246-OSD

What Pediatricians Can Do to Further Youth ViolencePrevention: A Qualitative Study. LRP-199900-14

What We Do and Don't Know About the LikelyEffects of Decriminalization and Legalization: ABrief Summary. CT-161

Who Gains and Who Loses with Community Rating forSmall Business? RP-793


Why Do Military Families Live in On-BaseHousing? RB-7527

Zout Is Niet Zoet: De Schepenwet En De Raad VoorDe Transportveiligheid. RE-99.001

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ABSTRACTS

MONOGRAPH/REPORTS

MR-581-AF Lean Logistics: High-Velocity LogisticsInfrastructure and the C-5 Galaxy. T. L. Ramey. 1999.

As part of a body of research defining and evaluating theconcept of Lean Logistics for the U.S. Air Force, thisreport considers the effects on operation of the C-5 Galaxyairlift aircraft of radically reducing the time required tomove and repair aircraft components. Lean Logisticsupdates Air Force logistics operations by applyingtechnology and management innovations that have proveneffective in the commercial world, are relevant to thecentral supply problems of the Air Force, and areaffordable. The analysis in this study used Air Force datato drive simulations of C-5 logistics operations andconsidered peacetime flying programs. This study foundthat a high-velocity infrastructure would provide C-5performance that is the same as or better than thatprovided by the current infrastructure across a wide rangeof conditions and circumstances. A high-velocityinfrastructure would require only one-sixth the amount ofinventory at one-third the cost of the current infrastructureto produce the same operational performance.

MR-775-OSD Command Concepts: A TheoryDerived from the Practice of Command and Control. C.H. Builder. 1999.

The qualities of commanders and their ideas are moreimportant to a general theory of command and control thanare the technical and architectural qualities of theircomputers and communications systems. This theoryseparates the art of command and control (C2) from thehardware and software systems that support C2. It centerson the idea of a command concept, a commander's visionof a military operation that informs the making ofcommand decisions during that operation. The theorysuggests that the essential communications up and downthe chain of command can (and should) be limited todisseminating, verifying, or modifying commandconcepts. The theory also suggests, as an extreme case,that an ideal command concept is one that is so prescient,sound, and fully conveyed to subordinates that it wouldallow the commander to leave the battlefield before thebattle commences, with no adverse effect upon the out-come. This report advances a theory about militarycommand and control. Then, through six historical casestudies of modern battles, it explores the implications ofthe theory both for the professional development ofcommanders and for the design and evaluation ofcommand and control architectures. The report should beof interest to members of the Joint Staff and the services

involved in developing command and control doctrine forthe U.S. military, and to all of those interested in the"military art and science" of command and control.

MR-847-OSD/A Recent Recruiting Trends and TheirImplications for Models of Enlistment Supply. M. P.Murray, L. L. McDonald. 1999.

The authors estimate an econometric model of high-quality enlistment supply using geographicallydisaggregated data from two periods, FY83–87 and FY90-93. They find that econometric models based on data fromthe earlier period do not predict the recruiting difficultiesreported by the military in the 1990s. This conforms to apreliminary assessment provided by Asch and Orvis (MR-549-A/OSD, 1994). The authors also find that econometricmodels estimated with the 1990s data give altered counselabout the effects of at least some policy variables, mostnotably the number of recruiters.

MR-895-AF The Changing Role of the U.S. Militaryin Space. D. Gonzales. 1999.

Growth in the technical capabilities of commercial andforeign space systems, potential exploitation of space byadversaries, increasing use of commercial spacecapabilities by U.S. forces, and continuing budgetconstraints are all changing the role of the U.S. military inspace. The growth of commercial space markets, and therapid privatization and increasing foreign ownership ofcommercial space assets, suggest that the Department ofDefense must develop a long-term strategy to ensureadequate and secure access to commercialcommunications satellites and other commercial spaceresources. Space control will assume increasingimportance in military operations, and space itself maybecome a theater of military operations. The United Statesshould develop a long-term strategy to enable the U.S.military to deny space capabilities to potential adversaries.Such a strategy should rely on system or operationalconcepts that minimize collateral damage to commercial,civil, and third-party space assets and that do not violateexisting arms control agreements or treaties. Spacesurveillance—the ability to precisely identify, track, andpredict the position of objects in space —is an essentialaspect of space control. Space control and changing spacesurveillance needs have implications for the Air Force asan institution.

MR-923-RWJ An Ounce of Prevention, a Pound ofUncertainty: The Cost-Effectiveness of School-BasedDrug Prevention Programs. J. P. Caulkins, C. P. Rydell,S. M. S. Everingham, J. R. Chiesa, S. Bushway. 1999.

65

Focuses on school-based drug prevention programs thathave proven effective in formal evaluations. Effectivenessat reducing cocaine consumption is inferred fromeffectiveness at reducing marijuana initiation, andspillover effects on those not participating in the programare accounted for. Given substantial uncertainties in allpertinent factors, the cost-effectiveness estimationframework is constructed to permit easy substitution ofalternate values at reader preference or as moreinformation becomes available. The authors conclude thatprevention can reduce lifetime cocaine consumption by 2to 11 percent. Although these effects are small, preventionprograms are inexpensive, so that the associated cost-effectiveness values bracket those of a range ofenforcement strategies. Treatment, however, appears morecost-effective than prevention. A nationwide drugprevention program would cost only a tiny fraction ofwhat the United States now spends on drug control, but itseffect on the cocaine-using population would be modestand slow to accumulate.

MR-928-A Training Requirements and TrainingDelivery in the Total Army School System. J. D. Winkler,J. Schank, M. G. Mattock, R. Madison, D. Green, J. C.Crowley, L. L. McDonald, P. Steinberg. 1999.

This report analyzes the Reserve Components schoolsystem's ability to meet training requirements fornoncommissioned officers (NCOs) and for soldiers whoare not duty-MOS qualified (DMOSQ), focusing on a"prototype" reorganized school system in its baseline andexecution years (fiscal years 1994 and 1995) andcomparing it to the system as a whole. In terms of trainingNCOs, requirements are large but decreasing and capacityis better able to meet demand; however, utilization of thatcapacity is inefficient and growing worse, leading to aslight decline in graduates. In terms of DMOSQ training,requirements are decreasing, capacity is increasing, andutilization is improved but still problematic, leading to anincrease in graduates. The prototype compares favorablyto the system as a whole in both of these areas. The reportrecommends increased management oversight and newpolicies to improve the utilization of training capacitythroughout the school system. It also recommends theinclusion of new personnel management policies to reducedemands on the training system; e.g., by offeringincentives to reduce voluntary job turnover and attritionamong DMOSQ soldiers, as much of this turbulence isshown to be driven by personnel, not force structure.

MR-929-A Microworld Simulations for Commandand Control Training of Theater Logistics and SupportStaffs: A Curriculum Strategy. J. R. Bondanella, M. W.Lewis, P. Steinberg, G. S. Park, D. G. Levy, E. Ettedgui,D. M. Oaks, J. M. Sollinger, J. D. Winkler, J. M. Halliday,S. Way-Smith. 1999.

This report discusses changes in training structure,content, and methods, with the focus on developingtraining for CSS staffs operating as staffs, not forindividual training. The focus is on large unit staffs: corpsand echelons above corps headquarters and supportcommands. The document discusses shortcomings of thecurrent approach to CSS staff training, and then proposes aprocess-oriented approach. It illustrates how microworldmodels can be used to train CSS processes. It then goes onto describe how pilot testing of prototype models indicatesthat this approach is feasible for large unit staffs. Itconcludes with a proposed training strategy that theauthors believe is more appropriate and useful for meetingthe challenges posed to the Army by personnel turbulence,split-based operations, increased reliance on information,and decreased training resources. The authors believe thisapproach has applications beyond the CSS trainingenvironment. They argue that the microworld models in acarefully designed training strategy are appropriate to anybusiness that needs to train staff under distributedconditions in uncertain environments and to avoid time-and resource-intensive costs of bringing staff together fora large game in a central location.

M R - 9 3 4 - A Improving the Army Planning,Programming, Budgeting, and Execution System(PPBES): The Programming Phase. L. Lewis, R. A.Brown, J. Schrader. 1999.

As part of a special assistance activity for the Director ofthe U.S. Army's Program Analysis and EvaluationDirectorate (PA&E), the Arroyo Center participated increating a new program development process andmethodology. The principal objective in this work was toimprove the Army's Program Objective Memorandum(POM) development process. The improvements weredesigned to (1) enhance the Army's ability to view thetotality of its resources, (2) improve its resource decisionprocess, and (3) justify those choices within the Army andto the external community, including the Office of theSecretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs ofStaff, and the Congress.

MR-944-OSD/A Enlistment Decisions in the 1990s:Evidence from Individual-Level Data. M. R. Kilburn, J.A. Klerman. 1999.

This work updates previous estimates of individualenlistment models, investigating the relationship betweenfamily, individual, local labor market, and otherbackground characteristics and the decision to enlist. Thestudy makes three primary innovations to earlier models.First, it uses data from the early 1990s, while the mostrecent estimates were from the early 1980s. The datareport the enlistment behavior of a cohort of individualsfrom the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS)who were high school seniors in 1992. In general, the

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authors find that their coefficient estimates are similar tothose estimated by earlier models, while the mean levelsof the explanatory variables are more often significantlydifferent from those in earlier data. Second, the authorsexplore the utility of including some additional variablesin the model that are more relevant to the 1990s or werenot available in early data. These include measures ofimmigrant status, criminal behavior, drug use, in-statecollege tuition, and whether parents were in the military.The research finds that immigrant status, criminalbehavior, and having parents in the military are significantdeterminants of individual enlistment decisions. Third, theauthors estimate the individual enlistment decision as athree-choice decision-whether to enlist, enroll in college,or work after high school graduation-in contrast to earlierstudies, which modeled the enlistment decisions as a two-way choice of whether to enlist or not. The studyconcludes that the trivariate-choice model dominates thebivariate model because it produces more significantcoefficient estimates and yields more insights into thereasons that individuals enlist rather than choosingalternative activities.

MR-954-OSTP Handbook of Human Tissue Sources:A National Resource of Human Tissue Samples. E.Eiseman, S. B. Haga. 1999.

To date, no central database captures information aboutstored tissue samples. This handbook serves as a nationalresource, to bring together for the first time, in a singledocument, information about tissue storage in the UnitedStates. It provides information about several aspects ofstored tissue samples, such as how many samples exist inthe United States, where they are, who has access to them,and for what purposes they are used. A conservativeestimate from the tissue collections described in this bookis that more than 307 million specimens from more than178 million cases are stored in the United States,accumulating at a rate of more than 20 million per year.This handbook will be a valuable resource for researcherswho require tissue samples for studies in genetics, cancer,immunology, physiology, and cell biology, among manyother disciplines. In addition, it should be useful topolicymakers, physicians, and other professionals in fieldsrelated to health care.

MR-955-A The Total Army School System:Recommendations for Future Policy. J. D. Winkler, M. G.Shanley, J. Schank, J. C. Crowley, M. G. Mattock, R.Madison, L. L. McDonald, D. Green, P. Steinberg. 1999.

This report summarizes the Arroyo Center's analysis of theReserve Component (RC) school system and the prototypeover two fiscal years (1995 and 1996) in the areas oftraining requirements and school production, trainingresources and costs, and training quality. While the RCsystem continues to have large training requirements, its

ability to meet those requirements has grown; still, quotautilization continues to be a problem. Manpower resourcescontinue to dominate costs, reinforcing the need toimprove efficiency. Analysis shows that various strategiescan improve efficiency from 10 to 24 percent; in addition,while consolidating annual training sites can yieldefficiency, consolidating individual duty for training sitesdoes not. Courseware continues to be the paramounttraining quality issue and, while instructor qualification isnot a problem, finding enough qualified instructorscontinues to be.

MR-969/1-ICJ Class Action Dilemmas. ExecutiveSummary: Pursuing Public Goals for Private Gain. D. R.Hensler, B. Dombey-Moore, B. Giddens, J. Gross, E.Moller, N. M. Pace. 1999.

Class action lawsuits-allowing one or a few plaintiffs torepresent many who seek redress-have long beencontroversial. The current controversy, centered onlawsuits for money damages, is characterized by sharpdisagreement among stakeholders about the kinds of suitsbeing filed, whether plaintiffs' claims are meritorious, andwhether resolutions to class actions are fair or sociallydesirable. Ultimately, these concerns lead many towonder, "Are class actions worth their costs to society andto business? Do they do more harm than good?" Todescribe the landscape of current damage class actionlitigation, elucidate problems, and identify solutions, theRAND Institute for Civil Justice conducted a study usingqualitative and quantitative research methods. Theresearchers concluded that the controversy over damageclass actions has proven intractable because it implicatesdeeply held but sharply contested ideological views amongstakeholders. Nevertheless, many of the politicalantagonists agree that class action practices meritimprovement. The authors argue that both practices andoutcomes could be substantially improved if more judgeswould supervise class action litigation more actively andscrutinize proposed settlements and fee awards morecarefully. Educating and empowering judges to take moreresponsibility for case outcomes-and ensuring that theyhave the resources to do so-can help the civil justicesystem achieve a better balance between the public goalsof class actions and the private interests that drive them.

MR-984-OSD Attracting College-Bound Youth intothe Military: Toward the Development of New RecruitingPolicy Options. B. J. Asch, M. R. Kilburn, J. A. Klerman.1999.

Although the military's need for enlisted personnel hasdeclined by almost one-third since the end of the cold war,the armed services are finding it difficult to meet theirrecruiting goals. Among ongoing changes in the civilianlabor market is a strong demand for skilled labor, whichhas prompted an increasing number of "high quality"

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youth to pursue post-secondary education and subsequentcivilian employment. Because of this competition for highquality youth, the Department of Defense may want toexplore new options for attracting desirable young peopleinto the armed forces. The military, for example, offers amyriad of options for service members to take collegecourses while in active service. However, the programs donot in fact generate significant increases in educationalattainment during time in service. One popular program,the Montgomery GI Bill, enrolls large numbers ofindividuals, but the vast majority of service members usetheir benefits after separating from service. Thus, themilitary does not receive the benefits of a more educatedand productive workforce, unless the individualssubsequently join a reserve component. The authorssuggest the Department of Defense should considernontraditional policy options to enhance recruitment ofcollege-bound youth. Recruiters could target morethoroughly students on two-year college campuses, ordropouts from two- or four-year colleges. Options forobtaining some college before military service could beexpanded by allowing high school seniors to first attendcollege, paid for by the military, and then enlist. Or thestudent might serve in a reserve component while incollege and then enter an active component after college.Alternatively, the military could create an entirely newpath for combining college and military service byencouraging enlisted veterans to attend college and thenreenlist (at a higher pay grade). The most promisingalternatives should be evaluated in a national experimentdesigned to test their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness,similar to the one that led to the creation of the ArmyCollege Fund and the Navy College Fund.

MR-989-AF Countering the New Terrorism. I. O.Lesser, B. Hoffman, J. Arquilla, D. F. Ronfeldt, M. Zanini,B. M. Jenkins. 1999.

The contours of terrorism are changing, and the newterrorism has more diverse sources, motivations, andtactics than the old. It is more lethal, global in reach, andcharacterized by network forms of organization. Terroristsponsorship is becoming hazier and "privatized." TheAugust 1998 terrorist bombings of U.S. embassies inKenya and Tanzania fit in many ways the new mold. Thechapters in this book trace the evolution of internationalterrorism against civilian and U.S. military targets, lookahead to where terrorism is going, and assess how it mightbe contained. Terrorism and counterterrorism are placed instrategic perspective, including how terrorism might beapplied as an asymmetric strategy by less-capableadversaries. The report builds on a existing body ofRAND research on terrorism and political violence, andmakes extensive use of the RAND-St. AndrewsChronology of International Terrorism.

MR-991-OSD Using the Force and Support CostingSystem: An Introductory Guide and Tutorial. J. H.Bigelow, M. J. Carrillo, H. G. Massey, A. R. Palmer.1999.

The Force and Support Costing (FSC) System is a set ofmodels and databases that helps analysts project the costimplications of proposed changes in defense forces,infrastructure, and assets. The user interface and many ofthe models are implemented in Excel; most of the databaseresides on a network. The illustrated study projects effectson defense costs arising from the deactivation of an Armydivision. The FSC system allows the user to view the forcestructure in the current Army program, select the divisionto be cut, and specify when the deactivation will occur.The system then translates that deactivation intoreductions in personnel and equipment assets, and costsout the implications. In addition to stepping through thespecific procedures for the simulation, the authors showother ways the FSC System can be used to analyze the costeffects of various policy actions.

MR-992-A Staffing Army ROTC at Colleges andUniversities: Alternatives for Reducing the Use of Active-Duty Soldiers. C. A. Goldman, B. R. Orvis, M. G.Mattock, D. A. Smith, R. Madison, L. L. McDonald.1999.

The increased tempo and range of military operationscoupled with reduced manned levels are exerting pressureon the Army to optimally use its active-duty soldiers.Consequently, the Army is seeking opportunities to fillpositions now occupied by active-duty soldiers with otherpersonnel. Specifically, Umbrella Issue 41 of the Army-wide Institutional/TDA Redesign Study called for thedesign and testing of staffing alternatives for the SeniorReserve Officer Training Corps (SROTC) program using acombination of Active Component, Reserve Component,or former military personnel. In support of thisrequirement the Arroyo Center was asked to developstaffing alternatives and design a test of theireffectiveness. This report discusses alternatives to currentSROTC battalion staffing in which many active-dutysoldiers performing teaching or training functions wouldbe replaced by reservists or by contracted civilians withformer military service. Also, civilians would becontracted to help cover administrative and logisticsfunctions now performed by active-duty soldiers. Theauthors recommend testing two alternative staffing plans,each over a period of two years. One plan focuses onformer military personnel, the other on reservists.

MR-993-OSD/NSA/DARPA Securing the U.S.Defense Information Infrastructure: A ProposedApproach. R. H. Anderson, P. M. Feldman, S. Gerwehr,B. K. Houghton, R. Mesic, J. Pinder, J. Rothenberg, J. R.Chiesa. 1999.

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It is widely believed, and increasingly documented, thatthe United States is vulnerable to various types of"information warfare" attacks. Threats range from"nuisance" attacks by hackers to those potentially puttingnational security at risk. The latter might include attackson essential U.S. information systems in a major regionalcrisis or theater war. The purpose might be to deter (orcoerce) a U.S. intervention, to degrade U.S. powerprojection capabilities, to punish the United States or itsallies, or to undermine the support of the American publicfor the conflict. Critical command-and-control andintelligence systems are designed to be robust and secureunder attack. However, their survivability cannot be takenfor granted, and they depend on a diverse, primarilycivilian and commercial, information infrastructure(consisting of the Internet and the public telephonenetwork, among other elements). As the diversity andpotential seriousness of threats to the U.S. informationinfrastructure have become apparent, national-securityplanners and analysts have begun to think of ways tocounter such threats—to increase the infrastructure'savailability for essential functions. The authors analyze theconcept of a minimum essential information infrastructure(MEII) in light of the characteristics of the nationalinformation infrastructure and the nature of the threat.They suggest that it is useful to think of the MEII as aprocess rather than a hardened stand-alone structure, andthey provide a methodology and a tool to support theimplementation of that process by military units and otherorganizations.

MR-997-A Use of Public-Private Partnerships to MeetFuture Army Needs. I. Y. Chang, S. E. Galing, C. Wong,H. Yee, E. I. Axelband, M. Onesi, K. P. Horn. 1999.

The Arroyo Center was asked to assist Army MaterielCommand by creating a strategy for managing thedevelopment of advanced technologies, with specialattention to the changing future environment for researchand development. In previous phases of this project, theauthors showed that the Army has significant opportunitiesto do collaborative research with industry. Moreover, theydocumented new concepts the Army can use to implementa collaborative policy and showed how effective thoseconcepts would be in attracting nontraditional suppliers. Inthis report, the authors expand on the notion of acollaborative research strategy and discuss the utility ofpublic-private partnerships (PPPs) in the management anddevelopment of Army infrastructure, intellectual property,and financial arrangements. They discuss how PPPs canbenefit the Army through opportunities to leverage assets,reduce costs, create new assets or capabilities, be analternative approach to Base Realignment and ClosureActions, and generate revenue. The federal governmenthas begun to recognize the mutually beneficial returns ofsuch partnerships. For the past two decades, legislative

changes and actions by federal agencies have togethercreated an environment more conducive to PPPs.Moreover, the continued growth of PPPs at the localgovernment level will spur federal bodies such as theArmy to engage in more PPPs in the future. As the use ofPPPs grows, more innovation is also likely in order toaccommodate the variety of situations in which PPPs willbe applied. Some innovations will be extensions ofexisting programs, others will be borrowed from theacademic or commercial worlds, and some will becompletely new concepts. As PPP innovations emerge, theArmy will have to evaluate new concepts with respect tofeasibility and the benefits each concept is likely to bring.These evaluations can be combined to yield a strategicapproach to expanding the Army's use of PPPs.

MR-998-EDU Combining Service and Learning inHigher Education: Evaluation of the Learn and ServeAmerica, Higher Education Program. M. J. Gray, E. H.Ondaatje, R. D. Fricker, S. A. Geschwind, C. A. Goldman,T. Kaganoff, A. E. Robyn, L. J. Vogelgesang, S. P. Klein,N. Campbell, K. Rosenblatt. 1999.

This report presents results of a three-year evaluation ofLearn and Serve America, Higher Education (LSAHE), aprogram sponsored by the Corporation for National andCommunity Service that aims to increase involvement incommunity service by higher education institutions andstudents. LSAHE emphasizes an approach to communityservice, called "service-learning," that focuses on thedevelopment of service providers as well as servicerecipients. Between 1995 and 1997, about one in everyeight higher education institutions nationwide participatedin LSAHE by developing service-learning courses andprograms. The evaluation described the major activitiesand accomplishments of LSAHE-supported programs;assessed the impacts of LSAHE on students, communities,and institutions; and determined returns on the publicinvestment in LSAHE. Results show that LSAHE washighly successful in serving communities and had mixedsuccess in promoting student development andinstitutional change. Although expenditures exceeded thevalue of LSAHE to communities, value increased eachyear, suggesting that long-term positive returns may occur.

MR-1006-AF Defining a Common PlanningFramework for the Air Force. L. Lewis, B. Pirnie, W. A.Williams, J. Schrader. 1999.

Within the Air Force, resourcing requirements andrecommended allocations are developed within the MajorCommands (MAJCOMs), and the corporate Air Force hasfew mechanisms that allow it to look across all Air Forcerequirements and set institutional priorities. RAND wasasked to develop a common planning framework thatcould extend across the Air Force, allow bettercoordination of requirements and options, incorporate the

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Air Force "vision," and link to the external environment.The strategies-to-tasks methodology would provide theframework's foundation. Eventually, it was determinedthat the proposed planning areas were confusing and thatall planning and programming should be based in AirForce core competencies. Other means have beenimplemented to strengthen existing processes to ensurethat cross-cutting issues are raised and that horizontalintegration across MAJCOMs takes place. Although theAir Force chose not to implement the proposed commonplanning framework, the effort is documented tocontribute to the field of defense planning andprogramming.

MR-1012-A Consolidating Active and ReserveComponent Training Infrastructure. J. Schank, J. D.Winkler, M. G. Mattock, M. G. Shanley, J. C. Crowley, L.L. McDonald, R. Madison. 1999.

As part of a research project entitled "Evolution of theTotal Army School System," this report examines ways toconsolidate training infrastructure and augmentcapabilities across components to gain efficiency andachieve economies of scale in conducting individualtraining of Active Component (AC) and ReserveComponent (RC) soldiers. Using an optimization model,the researchers examined three options in the area ofmaintenance-related training, focusing on RC RegionalTraining Sites-Maintenance (RTS-Ms) and the ACproponent schools offering maintenance courses. Resultssuggest that permitting AC and RC students to takecourses at the nearest accredited school (AC school orRTS-M) has both economic and morale/cultural benefits.The former include reductions in travel, per-diem, andpotential instructor costs. The latter include reductions inthe time AC students spend away from their homes andunits, lower training workloads for AC instructors, andmore interaction, potentially building trust and confidenceacross components. Such interaction could also providebenefits in functional areas beyond maintenance, such ascombat service support. Based on the analyses, theresearchers recommend a pilot test to better understand theoptions and policy implications.

MR-1016-AF Strategic Appraisal: The ChangingRole of Information in Warfare. Z. Khalilzad, J. P. White,A. W. Marshall. 1999.

Advances in information technology have led us to rely oneasy communication and readily available information—both in our personal lives and in the life of our nation. Forthe most part, we have rightly welcomed these changes.But information that is readily available is available tofriend and foe alike; a system that relies oncommunication can become useless if its ability tocommunicate is interfered with or destroyed. Because thisreliance is so general, attacks on the information

infrastructure can have widespread effects, both for themilitary and for society. And such attacks can come from avariety of sources, some difficult or impossible to identify.This, the third volume in the Strategic Appraisal series,draws on the expertise of researchers from across RANDto explore the opportunities and vulnerabilities inherent inthe increasing reliance on information technology, lookingboth at its usefulness to the warrior and the need to protectits usefulness for everyone. The Strategic Appraisal seriesis intended to review, for a broad audience, issues bearingon national security and defense planning.

MR-1018/2-OSD A Review of the ScientificLiterature as It Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses. Vol. 2,Pyridostigmine Bromide . B. A. Golomb. 1999.

The United States and its allies in the Persian Gulf War(PGW) knew that Iraq had used nerve agents and chemicalweapons in its previous conflicts and so took steps toprotect their troops. Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) wasdistributed as a pretreatment that would enhance theeffectiveness of postexposure treatments in the event thatthe nerve agent soman was used. This report examines therole that PB played in the ongoing chronic health problemsdocumented in PGW veterans. After careful examinationof the known effects of PB on the central and peripheralnervous systems, the author finds the evidence consistentwith a possible role for PB as a contributor to the healthcomplaints of some PGW veterans and calls for immediateattention in the form of additional investigation to clarifythe role of PB.

MR-1018/7-OSD A Review of the ScientificLiterature as It Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses. Vol. 7,Depleted Uranium. N. H. Harley, E. C. Foulkes, L. H.Hilborne, A. Hudson, C. R. Anthony. 1999.

Because of the metal's density and metallurgicalproperties, depleted uranium (DU) saw widespread useduring the Persian Gulf War in improved armor andantiarmor rounds of increased penetrating power. Thisreport examines the scientific literature regarding possiblehealth effects on U.S. troops of exposure to DU. Whilevery little literature directly addresses DU, a wide body ofliterature deals with the health effects of natural uraniumand enriched uranium. DU is toxicologically identical tonatural uranium and radiologically more benign because itis less radioactive. No increase in overall deaths has beenobserved as a result of exposure to natural uranium inseveral epidemiological studies. The literature review paidclose attention to the ongoing study of a group of GulfWar Veterans who received the highest exposure to DU.Those with embedded fragments have elevated urineuranium levels, but researchers report neither adverserenal effects attributable to DU nor any adverse healtheffects related to DU radiation.

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MR-1018/9-OSD Military Use of Drugs Not YetApproved by FDA for CW/BW Defense : Lessons fromthe Gulf War. R. A. Rettig. 1999.

The confrontation that began when Iraq invaded Kuwait inAugust 1990 brought with it the threat that chemical andbiological weapons might be used against the more thanhalf a million military personnel the United Statesdeployed to the region. To protect these troops from suchthreats, the Department of Defense wished to use drugsand vaccines that, not having been tested for use in thesespecific situations, were considered "investigational" bythe federal Food and Drug Administration. This reportexamines the history of the Interim Rule, adopted inDecember 21, 1990, that authorized the Commissioner ofFood and Drugs to waive informed consent for the use ofinvestigational drugs and vaccines for certain militaryuses; how this authority was used for pyridostigminebromide and botulinum toxoid during the Gulf War; andthe subsequent controversy surrounding the rule, itsapplication, and its implications. The report then analyzesthe issues the Interim Rule raised when investigationaldrugs are used for such purposes and makesrecommendations for dealing with similar situations in thefuture.

MR-1020-OSD An Evaluation of Housing Optionsfor Military Families. R. J. Buddin, C. R. Gresenz, S. D.Hosek, M. N. Elliott, J. Hawes-Dawson. 1999.

Military family housing is a significant-and expensive-benefit, costing the Department of Defense (DoD) nearly$10 billion annually. Because most housing studies havefocused on the cost of on-base housing versus the cost ofproviding allowances for rented or owned off-basehousing, the authors investigated the preferences ofmilitary families for types of housing and the factors thatinfluence their choices. Service members report that theeconomic benefits of on-base housing are the mostsignificant factor by far in housing preference, perceivinga vast difference in value between military housing andoff-base housing allowances. All other factors, such as asupportive sense of military community, lag far behindeconomy in influencing choice. Closing the gap ineconomic disparity between on- and off-base housing, andenhancing programs that aid service members in procuringoff-base accommodations, would provide the greatestbenefit to services and members.

MR-1021-OSD Political Violence and Stability in theStates of the Northern Persian Gulf. D. Byman, J. D.Green. 1999.

Political violence threatens the lives of U.S. soldiers andthe stability of U.S. allies throughout the world. Thisreport examines the threat of political violence in thePersian Gulf states of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, and

the United Arab Emirates and the best means of reducingthat threat. It assesses sources of discontent, commonreasons for anti-regime politicization, potential triggers ofviolence, and the influence of foreign powers. The reportthen describes the strategies that regimes in the area haveused to interfere with political organization and to counterviolence in general. The report concludes by notingimplications of political violence for both the UnitedStates and its allies in the Gulf, and by assessing theimpact of various measures that could reduce violence:enacting political and economic reforms in the Gulf;changing the U.S. presence in the region through newbasing and operational approaches; increasing a Europeanrole in Gulf security; coercing foreign powers thatcontribute to violence; strengthening the U.S.-Gulfpartnership; and improving military-to-military ties.

MR-1023-A Issues Raised During the 1998 ArmyAfter Next Spring Wargame. W. L. Perry, B. Pirnie, J.Gordon. 1999.

The Army After Next (AAN) wargames provide astructured forum for a discussion of national securityissues associated with the nature of warfare in the early-to-mid 21st century. This report summarizes issues generatedduring the AAN Spring Wargame 1998. The wargame wasset in 2021. The major game activity involved an attack byRed on the states on the south shore of the Persian Gulf.The United States was also involved in a multinationalpeacekeeping operation in Indonesia. In addition,continuing border conflict between India and Pakistanescalated dangerously during the game, eventuallyresulting in nuclear weapon use. These three separateevents were designed to examine the role of AAN forcesin global conflicts. Five dominant themes cut across thetwelve issues identified in this study: rapid deploymentinto theater, asymmetric responses, urban warfare,homeland defense, and information operations.

MR-1024-OSD Using Process Redesign to ImproveDoD's Environmental Security Program: RemediationProgram Management. J. A. Drezner, F. A. Camm.c1999.

In fiscal year 1994, approximately $2.4 billion was spenton cleanup (or remediation) activities through the DefenseEnvironmental Restoration Account and the BaseRealignment and Closure act; in fiscal year 1996,approximately $2.1 billion will be spent, slightly less thanhalf of the total Department of Defense (DoD)environmental security budget. Efforts to increase theefficiency of remediation activities, either by reducingcosts or accelerating the process through simplificationand streamlining, could have a substantial effect on DoD'sability to meet its cleanup obligations within anincreasingly constrained budget. By examining theremediation management programs of two large chemical

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companies, Olin Corporation and DuPont, the authorsidentified activities DoD could implement to improveitsHAN, Yes at active and closing installations andformerly used defense sites. The following were the coreidentified tasks: Distribute responsibilities between thecentral management group and decentralized executionteams, adopt a business process perspective, include more-focused use of performance measurement, proactivelyidentify and manage potential liabilities, and improvestakeholder (regulator and community) interactions.

MR-1028-AF Airbase Vulnerability to ConventionalCruise-Missile and Ballistic-Missile Attacks: Technology,Scenarios, and U.S. Air Force Responses. J. Stillion, D.Orletsky. 1999.

As part of a two-year effort to develop an expansiveconstruct of air and space power in the early twenty-firstcentury that capitalizes on forthcoming air and spacetechnologies and concepts of operation and is effectiveagainst adversaries with diverse economies, cultures,political institutions, and military capabilities, the researchteam investigated the possibility that future adversariesmight be able to mount effective missile attacks on U.S.Air Force (USAF) main operating bases in critical regions.This report does not assess the relative vulnerabilities ofvarious force elements and facilities; instead, it aids theUSAF in addressing a potential vulnerability of its in-theater bases: highly accurate attacks against USAFaircraft on parking ramps at such bases made possible bythe proliferation of Global Positioning System (GPS)guidance and submunition warhead technologies. If suchattacks are feasible, the current USAF operational conceptof high-tempo, parallel strikes from in-theater bases couldbe put in jeopardy. This report concludes that theseguidance and munition technologies could, in fact, putUSAF bases at serious risk. The report describes the threattechnologies and concept of operation in detail, thenexplores both short-term responses—such as puttingmachine-gun teams equipped with night-vision goggles intowers around the bases—and long-term responses—suchas operating anywhere in the world from a few secure,hardened, fixed bases with guaranteed access—to thesethreats.

MR-1029-DARPA Past Revolutions, FutureTransformations: What Can the History of Revolutions inMilitary Affairs Tell Us About Transforming the U.S.Military? R. O. Hundley. 1999.

Advances in technology can bring about dramatic changesin military operations, often termed "revolutions inmilitary affairs" or RMAs. Such technology-drivenchanges in military operations are not merely a recentphenomenon: they have been occurring since the dawn ofhistory, they will continue to occur in the future, and theywill continue to bestow a military advantage on the first

nation to develop and use them. Accordingly, it isimportant to the continued vitality and robustness of theU.S. defense posture for the DoD R&D community to beaware of technology developments that couldrevolutionize military operations in the future, and for theU.S. military services to be on the lookout forrevolutionary ways in which to employ those technologiesin warfare. This report examines the history of past RMAs,to see what can be learned from them regarding thechallenge confronting the DoD today, when it has set outon a concerted effort to bring about a technology-driventransformation of the U.S. military to achieve theoperational goals outlined in Joint Vision 2010. Among itsmany findings are three of particular note: RMAs arerarely brought about by dominant players (such as the U.S.military is today). For a dominant player to bring about anRMA requires a receptive organizational climate, fosteringa continually refined vision of how war may change in thefuture and encouraging vigorous debate regarding thefuture of the organization; senior officers with traditionalcredentials willing to sponsor new ways of doing thingsand able to establish new promotion pathways for juniorofficers practicing a new way of war; mechanisms forexperimentation, to discover, learn, test and demonstratenew ideas; and ways of responding positively to the resultsof successful experiments, in terms of doctrinal changes,acquisition programs, and force structure modifications.The DoD has some of these elements today, but is missingothers. The report makes specific suggestions regardingways of filling in the missing elements. Doing these thingswill facilitate DoD's force transformation activities andhelp ensure that the next RMA is brought about by theUnited States. and not some other nation.

MR-1030-DARPA The Arsenal Ship AcquisitionProcess Experience: Contrasting and CommonImpressions from the Contractor Teams and Joint ProgramOffice. R. S. Leonard, J. A. Drezner, G. Sommer. 1999.

The Arsenal Ship acquisition program was unique in tworespects: it represented a new operational concept forNavy weapon systems, and its management structure andprocess represented a significant departure from traditionalmilitary ship-building programs. The Arsenal Shipprogram was, in effect, an experiment; while the Navyenvisioned an array of mission capabilities for the ship, itset the project budget as the single immovablerequirement. In the end, political and financial constraintscaused the program's cancellation. Nevertheless, itsacquisition approach and technical innovations havealready had—and will continue to have—significantinfluence on other Navy ship-building programs. Thelessons learned from the Arsenal Ship program, applied toexisting and planned systems, should more than recoverthe money spent on it.

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MR-1031-RE/FLAD A Seminar Game to AnalyzeRegional Governance Options for Portugal. J. P. Kahan,M. van . Loo, M. Franco, J. Cravinho, V. Rato, J. T.Silveira, F. Fonseca. 1999.

Regionalization in Portugal was a major issue in 1998, asthe nation held a referendum on whether to establishadministrative regions to assume many tasks presentlyperformed by the central government. The debate was bothhot and confused, as both "pro" and "anti" forces claimedtheir solution would lead to more efficient government,and no major political party spoke with one voice. To helpilluminate the debate, RAND Europe conducted in June1998 a series of seminar games simulating the alternativedecentralization schemes being contemplated. The resultsof the game showed that (1) the specific form ofdecentralization may be less important than the details ofimplementation (not present in the debate); (2) the criticalissue of financial autonomy for local governing bodies hadnot been adequately addressed; (3) there was no consensusregarding which governmental competencies are the bestfor devolution to regions; and (4) whatever form ofdecentralization is chosen, close monitoring of differentcompetencies and the flexibility to shift policies areessential.

MR-1033-OSD The Emergence of Noopolitik:Toward an American Information Strategy. J. Arquilla, D.F. Ronfeldt. 1999.

Strategy, at its best, knits together ends and means, nomatter how various and disparate, into a cohesive pattern.In the case of a U.S. information strategy, this requiresbalancing the need to guard and secure access to manyinformational capabilities and resources, with theopportunity to achieve national aims by fostering as muchopenness as practicable. The authors' term to representsuch strategic balancing is "guarded openness." They goon to describe "noopolitik" (nu-oh-poh-li-teek)—anemerging form of statecraft that emphasizes theimportance of sharing ideas and values globally,principally through the exercise of persuasive "soft power"rather than traditional military "hard power." This studydiscusses the opportunities that may be raised by theemergence of noopolitik—ranging from construction of anoosphere (a globe-spanning realm of the mind) torecommendations that, for example, the U.S. militaryshould begin to develop its own noosphere (among andbetween the services, as well as with U.S. allies). In thearea of international cooperation, the authors offerstrategic approaches for improving the capacity of stateand nonstate actors to work together to addresstransnational problems. In addition, the authorsrecommend specific doctrinal developments, implied bythe emergence of information strategy—including thepressing need to deal with such ethical concerns as thefirst use of information weapons, concepts of proportional

response, and the need to maintain the immunity ofnoncombatants. Ultimately, the authors call for aninnovative turn of mind as policymakers and strategistsrethink how best to adapt to the epochal transformationsbeing wrought by the information revolution.

MR-1036-EDU Closing the Education Gap: Benefitsand Costs. G. Vernez, R. A. Krop, C. P. Rydell. 1999.

How much would it cost and what would the benefits be ifblacks and Hispanics graduated from high school, went tocollege, and graduated from college at the same rate asnon-Hispanic whites? The answer to this importantquestion for the future of the nation is explored in thisreport. The costs of education would be high, increasingby about 20 percent in California and 10 percent in the restof the nation. But the benefits, in the form of savings inpublic health and welfare expenditures and increased taxrevenues from higher incomes, would be even higher.Indeed, the added costs of providing more education tominorities would be recouped well within the lifetime oftaxpayers called upon to make the additional investments.The nation is experiencing a rapid immigration drivenincrease in the share of Hispanics in the school agepopulation. Failure to increase the educational attainmentof this group would result in growing shares of new labor-force entrants having levels of education lower than thoseprevailing today; in increased income disparities betweenblacks and Hispanics, on one hand, and Asians and non-Hispanic whites, on the other; and in increased publicexpenditures for social and health programs forgenerations to come.

MR-1040-A Preparing for Korean Unification:Scenarios and Implications. J. D. Pollack, C. M. Lee.1999.

This study examines four alternative scenarios that wouldresult in the unification of the Korean peninsula. Theauthors describe the defining characteristics of eachscenario, potential indicators that would predict specificoutcomes, some possible variations in paths to unification,and some operational implications for the U.S. Armyunder different conditions and circumstances. The fourscenarios (peaceful unification, collapse and absorption,unification through armed conflict, and disequilibrium andexternal intervention) highlight both the increasingvulnerabilities of the North Korean state and thesubstantial uncertainties that attach to each outcome and tothe potential U.S. policy responses. These considerationsimpose major conceptual, policy, and operationalchallenges both in the near and middle term and in thepostunification peninsular security environment. Eachwarrants an enhanced analysis and assessment effort, lestU.S. and ROK policymakers find themselves ill preparedfor major challenges to alliance management and to theU.S. Army role in a future crisis.

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MR-1042-SOCOM Barriers to Minority Participationin Special Operations Forces. M. C. Harrell, S. N. Kirby,J. Sloan, C. M. Graf, C. J. McKelvey, J. M. Sollinger.1999.

This report assesses minority representation and recruitingin special operations forces (SOF). It examines the extentof underrepresentation of minorities in SOF and thereasons for it and provides recommendations to helpimprove such underrepresentation. The authors usedpersonnel data from the U.S. Special OperationsCommand and the various component commands toportray the racial/ethnic composition of SOF andcompared it to the racial/ethnic composition of differentcomparison groups. The study found that minorities are,indeed, underrepresented in SOF—especially blacks.Barriers to joining SOF consisted of structural barrierssuch as the ASVAB score cutoffs and the swimmingrequirement, perceptual barriers such as lack of knowledgeand community support and lack of identification withSOF, as well as a possible lack of interest in SOF. Theauthors offer several recommendations to overcome thesebarriers.

MR-1043-RE/VW POLSSS--Policy for Sea ShippingSafety: Executive Summary. W. E. Walker, M.Poyhonen, J. de Jong, C. van der Tak. 1999.

Safety concerns in shipping in and around the Netherlands'harbors and ports range from the risks and environmentalimpacts of shipping disasters to the economic effects ofmore common accidents. Safety is also an importantprecondition for further developing Rotterdam's mainportfunction. The Netherlands Ministry of Transport, PublicWorks and Water Management asked RAND Europe todevelop an analytical framework to identify promising seashipping safety policies. The study, POLicy for SeaShipping Safety (POLSSS) included an assessment of thecosts and benefits of a range of policy options formaintaining or improving safety in the North Sea, a surveyof the perceptions of stakeholders about the safetysituation in the North Sea, and a survey of the perceptionsof stakeholders about the cost-effectiveness of some of thepolicy options. This report provides an overview of theproject and its results. More detailed information iscontained in three supporting volumes, which are availablefrom RAND Europe.

MR-1045-AF Chinese Policy Toward Russia and theCentral Asian Republics. M. Burles. 1999.

This report examines the foundation of China's policiestoward Russia and the five republics of Central Asia,identifies the combination of issues and environmentalconditions likely to shape the policies' evolution, andassesses their potential impact on regional or global U.S.interests. After discussing why China has improved its

relations with Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, the report describes thegoals of Chinese policies toward these countries,highlighting the wide range of issues and interestsinvolved. The report next examines the prospects for Sino-Russian and Sino-Central Asian relations, and how thedevelopment of these relations might affect U.S. interests.China's relationships with the Central Asia Republics posefewer potential problems for U.S. interests than does itsrelationship with Russia. There is little threat of Chinadominating the region in a manner that would restrict U.S.access to energy resources. Other aspects of China'srelationship with the Central Asian states might becomeproblematic; for example, land-based transportation linksthrough Central Asia to the Middle East may facilitategreater economic, political, and military cooperationbetween Beijing and regional regimes that are hostile tothe United States.

MR-1048-WHFH/RF/UNFPA How Does CongressApproach Population and Family Planning Issues?Results of Qualitative Interviews with LegislativeDirectors. S. Patterson, D. Adamson. 1999.

Congressional opinions on issues related to population arehighly polarized. Approximately 90 percent of Congressconsistently votes either uniformly to support or uniformlyto oppose population-related legislation—so the remaining10 percent is likely to determine the fate of suchinitiatives. To determine how this critical group makes itsdecisions, researchers interviewed a sample of legislativedirectors (chosen as proxies, to allow in-depth interviews).Most respondents felt that the United States shouldcontinue to play a leading role internationally, but severalalso stressed that their members of Congress favorincreased emphasis on multilateral approaches. A majorityfelt that world population growth is a problem but is noturgent. Nearly unanimous support was expressed for U.S.support of voluntary family planning when it is understoodto exclude abortion. Congress would benefit fromresearch-based, factual information on a variety ofinternational population issues.

MR-1049-OSD Planning America's Security:Lessons from the National Defense Panel. J. E. Tedstrom,J. G. McGinn. 1999.

This report identifies key lessons from the first NationalDefense Panel (NDP) and makes recommendations to theCongress, the administration, and future NDPmanagement teams about how the process can be mademore effective. The NDP was established by the 1996Military Force Structure Review Act as an independenteffort to provide guidance to the Secretary of Defense andthe Congress on long-term defense strategies and forcestructure requirements. This report reviews themotivations for creating the NDP, its administrative and

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logistical experience, the NDP's relationship to theQuadrennial Defense Review (QDR), and the final NDPreport. Some of the principal recommendations are that (1)the NDP should maintain its focus on defense issues, butdo more to integrate its recommendations into the broadernational security agenda; (2) future NDPs should be bettercoordinated with the defense planning cycle (i.e., the nextNDP, preceding the next QDR, should complete its workbefore the new administration comes into office in 2001);and (3) future NDPs should deal more systematically withresource constraints than the first NDP.

MR-1050.0-OSTP The Impact of EndocrineDisrupting Chemicals on Wildlife: A Review of theLiterature 1985-1998. S. A. Geschwind, E. Eiseman, D.M. Spektor, A. Hudson. 1999.

MR-1051-CDSS Welfare Reform in California: Stateand County Implementation of CalWORKs in the FirstYear. G. Zellman, J. A. Klerman, E. Reardon, D. O.Farley, N. Humphrey, T. Chun, P. Steinberg. 1999.

The California Work Opportunity and Responsibility toKids (CalWORKs) program is California's response to thewelfare reforms Congress set in motion in 1996. The mostvisible features of this program are its emphasis onmoving welfare recipients from reliance on governmentcash assistance to work and toward self-sufficiency; its useof time limits and participation requirements; its provisionof certain services, such as child care and job searchassistance, to make participation easier; and its devolutionof program authority from the state to the county level.Here, the authors examine the first year of CalWORKs,focusing on the planning and implementation processesand the effects of the program to date. Four themesemerged that will be explored further in future reports: (1)Organizations have changed in response to the expandedmission of CalWORKs, despite limited time for planning.(2) Implementation is under way, but recipient complianceis low. (3) Counties currently have sufficient funds, butthis may change. (4) Achieving earnings needed to achieveself-sufficiency before time limits expire is a challenge.

MR-1051/1-CDSS Welfare Reform in California.Executive Summary: State and County Implementation ofCalWORKs in the First Year. G. Zellman, J. A. Klerman,E. Reardon, P. Steinberg. 1999.

The California Work Opportunity and Responsibility toKids (CalWORKs) program is California's response to thewelfare reforms Congress set in motion in 1996. The mostvisible features of this program are its emphasis onmoving welfare recipients from reliance on governmentcash assistance to work and toward self-sufficiency; its useof time limits and participation requirements; its provision

of certain services, such as child care and job searchassistance, to make participation easier; and its devolutionof program authority from the state to the county level.This executive summary focuses on the four themes thathave emerged from the authors' work to date: (1)Organizations have changed in response to the expandedmission of CalWORKs, despite limited time for planning.(2) Implementation is under way, but recipient complianceis low. (3) Counties currently have sufficient funds, butthis may change. (4) Achieving earnings needed to achieveself-sufficiency before time limits expire is a challenge.

MR-1052-CDSS Welfare Reform in California:Results of the 1998 All-County Implementation Survey.P. A. Ebener, J. A. Klerman. 1999.

The California Work Opportunity and Responsibility toKids (CalWORKs) program is California's response to thewelfare reforms Congress set in motion in 1996. In late1998, RAND conducted the first of three statewidesurveys on CalWORKs implementation. Survey responsesindicate that the counties have made significantadministrative changes in welfare operations, in thestructure and organization of their welfare departmentsand other agencies, in staffing, and in information systems.Many counties have completed planning activities andhave fully operational program components. Most countiesreport no major implementation problems to date butanticipate problems in the future with cumulative lifetimelimits and work requirements. A majority of countiesagreed that environmental characteristics such as the jobmarket, housing, and transportation have hinderedimplementation; interagency relationships, planning, andexperience with welfare reform have facilitated it. Nearlyall agree that special-needs child care and transportationare inadequate. Complete survey responses from the 58counties are contained in a companion volume, MR-1052/1-CDSS.

MR-1054-DARPA Innovative Management in theDARPA High Altitude Endurance Unmanned AerialVehicle Program: Phase II Experience. J. A. Drezner, G.Sommer. 1999.

The U.S. military's development of Unmanned AerialVehicles (UAVs) has been hampered by cost overruns,schedule slippage, and disappointing operational results.The High Altitude Endurance UAV (HAE UAV) jointprogram, initiated under the direction of the DefenseAdvanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA),incorporates several innovative elements in its acquisitionstrategy that depart radically from traditional acquisitionapproaches. The program's development phase for theGlobal Hawk and DarkStar air vehicles is analyzed in thisresearch. The HAE UAV program has experiencedproblems that are typical of newly implemented methods,but it has produced significant benefits, and provides

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lessons that could improve a wide variety of futureacquisition processes.

MR-1056-AF Supporting Expeditionary AerospaceForces: An Integrated Strategic Agile Combat SupportPlanning Framework. R. S. Tripp, L. A. Galway, P. S.Killingsworth, E. Peltz, T. L. Ramey, J. G. Drew. 1999.

A key challenge facing the future Air Force is how tonearly continuously deploy relatively small-scale forcesfor peacekeeping and humanitarian relief missions whilemaintaining the capability to win major theater wars. Inresponse to this challenge, the Air Force has developed theconcept of an Expeditionary Aerospace Force (EAF) todeal with the range of expected missions. The reportargues that this new concept requires a completereexamination of the combat support system, especiallythe planning framework for combat support. Thisframework must integrate logistics, mobility, andoperational planning across echelons, commands, andphases of warfare. The report discusses how integratedAgile Combat Support planning aimed at mid-term orstrategic decisions can enhance the effectiveness andefficiency of EAF operations. The authors provide anexample of use of the ACS planning framework toevaluate support alternatives for a strike AEF deploymentto Southwest Asia, addressing aviation support, reparableavionics components, and munitions.

MR-1061-AF Air Power as a Coercive Instrument. D.Byman, M. C. Waxman, E. V. Larson. 1999

Coercion—the use of threatened force to induce anadversary to change its behavior—is a critical function ofthe U.S. military. U.S. forces have recently fought in theBalkans, the Persian Gulf, and the Horn of Africa tocompel recalcitrant regimes and warlords to stoprepression, abandon weapons programs, permithumanitarian relief, and otherwise modify their actions.Yet despite its overwhelming military might, the UnitedStates often fails to coerce successfully. This reportexamines the phenomenon of coercion and how air powercan contribute to its success. Three factors increase thelikelihood of successful coercion: (1) the coercer's abilityto raise the costs it imposes while denying the adversarythe chance to respond (escalation dominance); (2) anability to block an adversary's military strategy for victory;and (3) an ability to magnify third-party threats, such asinternal instability or the danger posed by another enemy.Domestic political concerns (such as casualty sensitivity)and coalition dynamics often constrain coercive operationsand impair the achievement of these conditions. Air powercan deliver potent and credible threats that foster the abovefactors while neutralizing adversary countercoercivemoves. When the favorable factors are absent, however,air power—or any other military instrument—willprobably fail to coerce. Policymakers' use of coercive air

power under inauspicious conditions diminishes thechances of using it elsewhere when the prospects ofsuccess would be greater.

MR-1064-A Does the Army Have a National LandUse Strategy? D. Rubenson, R. Weissler, C. Wong, R.Everson. 1999.

The Army and the Department of Defense (DoD) have along-term need to access land for training and testing.Both have been criticized for failing to determine theiroverall land needs, and for pursuing land expansionswithout a rational strategy. Critics charge that the militaryis involved in "land-grabs" driven by the inability to shareresources across organizational boundaries within DoD.This report examines the physical and organizationalboundaries of the DoD and Army land base, and it uses theArmy as a case study of how land requirements aredetermined. The authors conclude that physical—notorganizational—boundaries, along with advances inweapon systems, create the need for additional land.However, organizational and institutional boundariesprevent DoD and the Army from explaining this andforming a clear statement of the overall approach todetermining land requirements. The authors recommendthat the Army make its implicit strategy explicit, and theyprovide recommendations for more efficient use of theland base between major commands and services.

MR-1066-DFAS Defense Working Capital FundPricing Policies: Insights from the Defense Finance andAccounting Service. E. G. Keating, S. M. Gates. 1999.

The Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS),created in 1991 through the consolidation of militaryservice-specific accounting and finance operations,provides a variety of services to Department of Defense(DoD) customers, such as payroll, bill payment, andgeneration of accounting statements. Examining DFASdata on expenditures and workload to explore possibilitiesfor improved operations, the authors argue that currentlinear pricing of DFAS services is inappropriate. Inparticular, DFAS expenditures neither increase nordecrease commensurate with workload. DFAS's pricingcould be improved by a switch to a nonlinear approach,distributing fixed costs among customers using open-the-door transfer payments and charging only incrementalcosts to customers on a per work unit basis. Such a pricingreform would require changes to current Defense WorkingCapital Fund (DWCF) regulations.

MR-1067-OSD A Description of U.S. EnlistedPersonnel Promotion Systems. S. Williamson. 1999.

The U.S. armed services have different methods andprocesses for promoting enlisted personnel. All of theservices, however, aim to ensure that promotion outcomes

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correspond to substantive differences in personnel quality.This report provides a snapshot of how the Army, Navy,Marines, and Air Force go about measuring dutyperformance, leadership potential, experience, knowledge,and skills to determine who among its enlisted force meritspromotion, when they are eligible for promotion, and atwhat level promotion decisions are made. This reportprovides an overview of the enlisted promotion system inthe 1990s as retention issues again move to the forefrontof Defense Department concerns.

MR-1068-OSTP Technology Forces at Work:Profiles of Environmental Research and Development atDupont, Intel, Monsanto, and Xerox. S. A. Resetar, B. E.Lachman, R. J. Lempert, M. M. Pinto. 1999.

Not too long ago industry almost monolithically viewedenvironmental considerations as an expense—sometimesas a nuisance. That is beginning to change. Industryleaders now see the advantage of going beyond complyingwith environmental regulations, as had been their wont,and incorporating the search for environmentally soundbusiness practices into their research and development.This report features case studies of four industry leaders—DuPont, Intel, Monsanto, and Xerox—and discusses howthese companies view environmental technologyinvestments. The information is based on a series ofinterviews with senior R&D managers and environment,health, and safety personnel along with the relevantliterature. At the request of the Office of Science andTechnology Policy in the Executive Office of thePresident, the authors have provided the views of a subsetof one of the key stakeholders in environmental policy,industry, which have heretofore not received a lot ofemphasis.

MR-1068/1-OSTP Technology Forces at Work.Executive Summary: Profiles of Environmental Researchand Development at Dupont, Intel, Monsanto, and Xerox.S. A. Resetar, B. E. Lachman, R. J. Lempert, M. M. Pinto.1999.

Not too long ago industry almost monolithically viewedenvironmental considerations as an expense—sometimesas a nuisance. That is beginning to change. Industryleaders now see the advantage of going beyond complyingwith environmental regulations, as had been their wont,and incorporating the search for environmentally soundbusiness practices into their research and development.This report features case studies of four industry leaders—DuPont, Intel, Monsanto, and Xerox—and discusses howthese companies view environmental technologyinvestments. The information is based on a series ofinterviews with senior R&D managers and environment,health, and safety personnel along with the relevantliterature. At the request of the Office of Science andTechnology Policy in the Executive Office of the

President, the authors have provided the views of a subsetof one of the key stakeholders in environmental policy,industry, which have heretofore not received a lot ofemphasis. The case studies and the findings aresummarized here.

MR-1069-A Allocating Scholarships for ArmyROTC. C. A. Goldman, M. G. Mattock, J. Davis, L. L.McDonald, B. R. Orvis, J. M. Sollinger, A. M. Stone, J. P.Thomas, N. Tovar. 1999.

In the face of rising tuition costs and the increasedimportance of scholarships to meeting its commissionmission, the Army designed a new scholarship program,known as the tiered scholarship program because it offeredfour different scholarship values (called tiers). Under thenew program, enrollments at public colleges increasedmodestly and the Army controlled the total scholarshipcost. But as feared, many fewer of the nation's mostacademically able students enrolled in ROTC, and theprograms at the nation's most prestigious private collegesand universities were facing the prospect of closure. Basedon these findings, the authors recommended and the Armyimplemented a high-value scholarship targeted to someprestigious private colleges. The study also analyzesseveral complete scholarship programs to replace thetiered scholarships. The analysis supports plans thatcontinue to offer high-value scholarships at someprestigious private schools, while offering lower values atother schools. Although it would entail some significanttradeoffs, the authors have also presented a plan thatwould offer greater values to in-state students at publicschools—a large potential market, especially if tuitionincreases in the private schools do not abate in the decadeahead. These offers would require congressional approvalbecause the law currently prohibits the use of scholarshipsfor room and board, which constitute the largest portion ofthese in-state students' expenses to attend college.

MR-1070-AEA The Economic Costs and Implicationsof High-Technology Hardware Theft. J. N. Dertouzos, E.V. Larson, P. A. Ebener. 1999.

This report presents the results of a study undertaken at therequest of the American Electronics Association and aconsortium of high-tech industries. Based on a nine-monthsurvey of 95 firms, representing approximately 40 percentof the sales volume for the computer, semiconductor, harddisk drive, and cellular telephone industries, the authorsestimate that direct costs of hardware theft are almost $250million. Indirect costs (such as lost sales and expensivetheft-reduction strategies) and industry losses could pushtotal losses past $5 billion. Industry and consumers sharethe price of high-tech losses, but firms do not always havethe economic incentive to invest in appropriate securitymeasures. Since 1996, hardware theft has declinedsignificantly, and recent security measures adopted by

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individual firms appear to be very cost-effective. Theauthors recommend more such investments and suggestthat the largest payoff will come from anticipating whatproducts are most vulnerable and devising targetedprocedures to protect them. In addition, they recommendstrengthening collaborative industry-law enforcementefforts to help track the threat, anticipate targets, andidentify and disable stolen property.

MR-1071-OSD Increasing a Sense of Community inthe Military: The Role of Personnel Support Programs.C. Van Laar. 1999.

A universally accepted definition of what a sense ofcommunity is remains elusive, but policymakers agree thatincreasing that sense has tangible benefits for the U.S.military in improvements to commitment, performance,retention, and readiness. This report examines the role ofthe Defense Department's personnel support programs andfocuses on nine tools for increasing sense of community:group symbols, rewards and honors, common externalthreat, making military membership attractive, group sizeand individuality, personal influence, personal investment,contact and proximity, and group activities. The reportalso analyzes which groups would most benefit fromprograms to increase a sense of community and how toavoid pitfalls when attempting to increase that sense.

MR-1072-SRF Economic Openness: Many Facets,Many Metrics. C. Wolf, H. P. Levaux, D. Tong. 1999.

Assesses economic openness in various countries andregional entities with emphasis on non-tariff barriers,employing three methods: (1) a microeconomic method—using a new survey research instrument that focuses on theease or difficulty of engaging in trade and investmentbusiness in five countries or regions: the United States,Japan, China, South Korea, and Germany as a proxy forthe European Union; (2) a micropolitical method—adetailed review of regulations and practices affecting theease or difficulty of doing business in these countries; and(3) a macroeconomic method—preliminary examinationof the relationship between "real" and "nominal" currencyvalues in these same countries. The microeconomic andmicropolitical methods yielded closely congruent results.The rankings are: the United States, Germany, Japan,Korea, and China. The openness rankings resulting fromthe macroeconomic method (i.e., the divergences betweenreal and nominal exchange rates) are not closely correlatedwith the other results, but the coefficient of concordanceamong the three sets of rankings is significantly high. Thestudy recommends that more attention be accorded to theviews of business practitioners concerning obstacles todoing business and that legal and administrative codes besystematically reviewed and compared to understand thesources of non-tariff barriers and suggest ways toameliorate them.

MR-1074-AF NATO and Caspian Security: AMission Too Far? R. Sokolsky, T. Charlick-Paley. 1999

This report attempts to put the Caspian Basin and CentralAsia into a comprehensive strategic perspective at a timewhen NATO is increasingly concerned with challenges onits periphery. The authors examine NATO's interests,capabilities, and constraints as well as the salient trendsand factors shaping the regional security environment. Inspite of the region's potential energy riches and thejockeying for influence among major powers and oilinterests, the authors suggest that NATO should see theregion as a potential quagmire rather than as a vacuumwaiting to be filled. The report discusses Westernobjectives and interests in the Caspian, internal andintraregional threats to Western interests, the competitionfor influence among outside powers, transnational threats,Caspian oil and energy security, and implications forNATO and Western policy and planning. The authorsconclude that the West has limited interests and leveragein the Caspian Basin, and the Alliance should focus onpromoting the restructuring and professionalization ofindigenous armed forces, while resisting newcommitments and security responsibilities in the region.

MR-1077-WRDSC Groundwater Recharge withReclaimed Water: Birth Outcomes in Los AngelesCounty, 1982-1993. E. M. Sloss, D. McCaffrey, R. D.Fricker, S. A. Geschwind, B. R. Ritz. 1999.

This book is an assessment of the effects on human healthof reclaimed water. The assessment focuses on adverseoutcomes among liveborn infants, including low birthweight, preterm birth, infant mortality, and birth defects,from 1982 to 1993. Outcome rates in the MontebelloForebay area, which has received some reclaimed water inits water supply since 1962, are compared with a controlarea that received no reclaimed water. Using a cohortstudy design, this epidemiologic assessment analyzesoutcome data on individuals classified by a ZIP code-levelpercentage of reclaimed water. The results of the study donot provide evidence of an association between reclaimedwater and adverse birth outcomes.

MR-1079-NSF Global Science and TechnologyInformation: A New Spin on Access. C. S. Wagner, A.Yezril. 1999.

In the more than 30 years the U.S. federal government hastracked and monitored international science andtechnology information (ISTI), the global marketplace andthe economy have changed dramatically. Capabilities inother nations have matured, resulting in highlycompetitive products. The RAND survey described heresuggests that there is a need for timely, unbiased, global,and easily accessible ISTI, that government collection andanalysis of that information are and will continue to be

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important government roles, and that this need is likely togrow. Expanding the government's mission here wouldgreatly enhance and update the services provided to allusers. Possible improvements include providing a globaloverview, adding economic and trade information,encouraging networking of information and resources, andincreasing the number of quick responses and person-to-person interactions. Many of these improvements can, infact, take advantage of the globalization of industry, theinformation revolution, and dispersed scientificexcellence. The effective features of existing services,combined with new information tools and opportunities,can be incorporated to build the next generation of ISTIservices.

MR-1082-AF The United States and a Rising China:Strategic and Military Implications. Z. Khalilzad, A. N.Shulsky, D. Byman, R. Cliff, D. Orletsky, D. A. Shlapak,A. J. Tellis. 1999.

China has been embarked on a process of reform andmodernization that has led to unprecedented economicdevelopment. The goal is to make China a developedcountry, which would, among other things, raise thestandard of living and prepare the base for a strongmilitary. The Chinese leadership considers good relationswith the United States to be strongly advisable, if notabsolutely necessary, but sovereignty concerns (especiallywith regard to Taiwan) could cause tensions in the Sino-U.S. relationship. China could emerge, by 2015, as aformidable power, one that might offer an alternative tothe current U.S. role as the region's preferred securitypartner and its ultimate security manager. At present, thebest U.S. response appears to be a combination ofengagement and containment, a "congagement" policy thatwould continue to try to bring China into the currentinternational system while both preparing for a possibleChinese challenge to it and seeking to convince theChinese leadership that a challenge would be difficult andextremely risky to pursue.

MR-1083-EDU Staffing At-Risk School Districts inTexas: Problems and Prospects. S. N. Kirby, S. Naftel,M. Berends. 1999.

Teacher supply and demand issues are of criticalimportance as our society enters the 21st century. Over thenext decade, about two million new teachers will beneeded largely because of a dramatic increase inenrollments and high attrition rates as an aging teacherworkforce becomes eligible for retirement. It is importantto understand where these teachers will come from andwhere they will teach. This is especially important forhigh-poverty districts that tend to have large numbers ofstudents at risk of educational failure. These districts,which also tend to be disproportionately minority, arealready facing difficulty recruiting and retaining qualified

teachers. Given this, it is important to ask whether we willbe able to staff high-risk and high-minority districts.National data show that these districts are staffedpredominantly by minority teachers. Thus, the answer tothe question of who will staff these districts revolvesaround whether we will have enough minority teachers.This report aims to fill part of this information gap byexamining demand and supply of minority teachers inTexas.

MR-1085-EDU Assessing the Progress of NewAmerican Schools: A Status Report. M. Berends, J. Z.Heilbrunn, C. J. McKelvey, T. J. Sullivan. 1999.

New American Schools (NAS), a private nonprofitcorporation, began in 1991 to fund the development ofdesigns aimed at transforming entire schools at theelementary and secondary levels, seeking to engage thenation's best educators, business people, and researchers inan effort to create, test, and foster the implementation ofschoolwide designs that "break the mold." Thecompetition, development, and demonstration phases ofthis effort have been completed; the current "scaling-up"phase, with the goal of forming a critical mass of schoolswithin partnering school districts, began in 1995. Thisreport describes RAND's plan for collecting the dataneeded to address the overall questions posed for theeffort: What were the NAS schools like before theyimplemented the designs? How have the designs and theassistance they provide evolved over time? Are the criticalcomponents of the NAS designs being implemented acrossa wide array of schools? Do the NAS designs extendbeyond changes in school organization and governanceand permeate classrooms to change curriculum andinstruction? Over time, what is the progress of the schoolsbeing assisted by NAS design teams in improving studentand school performance? Also described is RAND'sanalysis of the baseline characteristics—demographics,climate, and test scores—of NAS schools in the earlyimplementation stages of the scale-up phase, an analysisthat sought to answer the first of the overall questions:What were the NAS schools like before they implementedthe designs?

MR-1089.0-EDU Tracking K-12 Education Spendingin California: An Updated Analysis. C. S. Krop, S. J.Carroll, J. R. Anderson. 1999.

MR-1091-AF Principles for Determining the AirForce Active/Reserve Mix. A. A. Robbert, C. R. Cook,W. A. Williams. 1999.

Although the mix of active and reserve forces constitutingthe total Air Force has shifted during the last decade'sforce drawdown, reductions have not been proportional

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and may not have taken into consideration effects on othercomponents. This report sets forth a set of principles tohelp force planners and programmers recognize theimplications for the cost, effectiveness, sustainability, andpopular and political support of military forces. Aframework is provided for integrating the range ofconsiderations that decisionmakers face and for gainingperspective on the arguments voiced by interest groupswho hope to influence the force mix. The authors find thatcost considerations can cut in opposite directionsdepending on whether the force is being optimized formajor theater war preparedness or for peacetimecontingency operations.

MR-1092-CAPP The Shape of Korea's Future: SouthKorean Attitudes Toward Unification and Long-TermSecurity Issues. N. D. Levin, Y. Han. 1999.

South Koreans are moving beyond both the historical andCold War legacies in their thinking about Korea's long-time security. This major conclusion, which emerges fromthis report analyzing South Korean attitudes towardunification and long-term security issues, is bolstered byadditional findings suggesting potentially significantmovement in almost all areas of South Korea's traditionalsecurity perspectives. This includes significantly reducedSouth Korean security anxieties and increased confidencein Korea's place in the regional and global orders. It alsoincludes greater hesitance about reunification, markedlyaltered attitudes toward Japan, increased discernmentabout the role of the U.S.-Republic of Korea (ROK)alliance, and heightened uncertainty about the long-termvalue of the U.S. regional military presence. Such attitudescould have important implications for both U.S. policy andU.S.-ROK security relations.

MR-1095-MF Sending Your Government a Message:E-Mail Communication Between Citizens andGovernment. C. R. Neu, R. H. Anderson, T. K. Bikson.1999.

In 1995, RAND published a book exploring the feasibilityand societal implications of providing "universal" accessto electronic mail within the United States (Robert H.Anderson et al., Universal Access to E-Mail: Feasibilityand Societal Implications, MR-650-MF). Among the ninepolicy conclusions and recommendations in that reportwere these: It is critical that electronic mail be a basicservice in a national information infrastructure; it isimportant to reduce the increasing gaps in access to basicelectronic information services, specifically, access toelectronic mail services; there are no fundamentaltechnical barriers to providing universal access toelectronic mail services. This book explores the possibilityfor expanded citizen-government personalized electroniccommunication. Of particular interest are interactionsbetween government agencies and individual citizens—

interactions involving personal information, iteratedcommunications between an individual and a governmentagency, and the use of a personal electronic mailbox forthe individual. It provides an informal survey of currentstate uses of such communication, supplemented by twocase studies of potential use. It also uses 1997 CurrentPopulation Survey data to update the electronic accesstrends in the United States that were highlighted in the1995 study.

MR-1099.0-NBAC Cloning Human Beings: RecentScientific and Policy Developments. E. Eiseman. 1999.

MR-1101-OSTP Needs and Prospects for Crime-Fighting Technology: The Federal Role in Assisting Stateand Local Law Enforcement. W. Schwabe. 1999.

Most policing in the United States is done by lawenforcement agencies at the local level. Although mostAmericans prefer that policing be controlled locally, thereis considerable support for federal help in funding police.One area in which federal funding has been seen as usefulis in the development, testing, and implementation ofimproved technology. An initiative proposed by theClinton administration would increase funding of state andlocal law enforcement, with emphasis on technologyassistance, technology deployment, crime labimprovements, and training. This report providesinformation on the current status in each of these, givesexamples of what has been accomplished, and suggestsprospects for improvements.

MR-1105.0-DOE Measures of Residential EnergyConsumption and Their Relationships to DOE Policy. D.S. Ortiz, M. A. Bernstein. 1999.

MR-1106.0-HCFA Interim Report, Evaluation Planfor the Medicare-DoD Subvention Demonstration. D. O.Farley, D. P. Goldman, G. M. Carter, L. M. Davis, J. B.Carleton, G. K. Cherry, D. A. Freund, T. C. Rowe. 1999.

The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) andthe Department of Defense (DoD) are testing thefeasibility of making Medicare-covered health careservices available to Medicare-eligible DoD beneficiariesin the TRICARE program at military treatment facilities(MTFs). This report evaluates the early implementation ofTRICARE Senior Prime at six MTFs, financed bysubvention (the transfer of funds from HCFA to DoD). Itfinds that enrollment rates in Senior Prime were faster thanin many private health plans and beneficiaries weregenerally pleased with their care. However, sites arehaving difficulties caused by the complexity of paymentmethods and by uncertainty over whether they will eversee Senior Prime revenues—even if DoD obtains netpayments from HCFA after each year's reconciliation. If alarger Senior Prime program becomes a permanent part of

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TRICARE, the following policy issues must be addressed:(1) balancing interactions between the readiness missionand Senior Prime; (2) structuring and managing SeniorPrime effectively; (3) creating the desired financialincentives; and (4) achieving effective clinical and costperformance. Lessons learned include the importance ofeffective introduction of the program and orientation ofbeneficiaries; early identification of enrollees with existingtreatment requirements; the importance of coordination ofintake activities and follow-up visits; and the difficultymany beneficiaries have with automated appointment andcustomer service systems. In addition, DoD's health datasystem capabilities will need to be improved.

MR-1109-MF Citizens, Computers, and Connectivity:A Review of Trends. T. K. Bikson, C. W. A. Panis. 1999.

As computer and Internet use have grown dramatically,access gaps have widened rather than narrowed in theUnited States. This report uses Current Population Surveydata from 1997 to update trends in computers andconnectivity since an earlier 1995 study. It finds that thereis a continuing "digital divide" between those who do anddo not have access to computers and communicationtechnologies. The division is significantly predicted byincome, education, race/ethnicity, and—to a lesserextent—age, location, and possibly gender. The disparitieshave persisted over a period in which the technologies ofinterest have decreased dramatically in price (relative towhat they can do) and increased markedly in userfriendliness. Sizable demographic subgroups that remainon the wrong side of the digital divide may be deprived ofthe benefits associated with citizenship in an informationsociety.

MR-1111.0-OSTP Forest Monitoring and RemoteSensing: A Survey of Accomplishments andOpportunities for the Future . DJ Peterson, S. A. Resetar,J. Brower, R. Diver. 1999.

MR-1115-OSTP U.S. Government Funding ofCooperative Research and Development in NorthAmerica. C. S. Wagner, N. Berstein. 1999.

Since 1993, U.S. government agencies have spent, onaverage, more than $100 million a year on research anddevelopment projects involving the participation ofresearchers from Canada and/or Mexico. These activitieshave been focused primarily on environmental,agricultural, and earth sciences, as well as biomedical andgenetic research. The U.S. government's R&D relationshipwith these two countries, while having common scientificinterests, differs in character: The R&D relationship withCanada has the quality of a partnership between equals. Incontrast, the relationship with Mexico, while sound andgrowing, is not an equal exchange, being more formal andhaving more one-way transfer of information and

assistance. Moreover, while the U.S. has an activecooperative relationship with Canada in both defense andspace R&D (the areas where the U.S. spends the majorityof its research funds), there is little of this type of activitywith Mexico. A three-way science and technologyfoundation or commission could provide support toenhanced cooperation.

MR-1116-OSD Interagency and InternationalAssignments and Officer Career Management. H. Thie,M. C. Harrell, R. M. Emmerichs. 1999.

At the request of Congress to the Secretary of Defense,RAND undertook a study on the advisability andfeasibility of a cadre of officers whose assignments andschooling would be managed so as to ensure a viablecareer track in which the officers would serve ininteragency and international assignments. This reportpresents the results of the study. It (1) identifiesapproximately 330 such assignments at the policy leveland an additional 1200 positions at the otherorganizational levels; (2) develops four careermanagement models that are variations of the due-coursemodel—"managing leader succession," "managingcompetencies," "managing skills," and "managing theexception"; (3) looks at the feasibility of each careermodel at the level of the officer personnel managementsystem as a whole and at the level of officer career tracks;and (4) assesses the advisability of the models from theperspective of the individual officer, the interagency andinternational organization to which the officer is assigned,and the officer's military service. It finds that all fourmodels are feasible. No one model can be consideredbetter per se—a model's advisability depends on thepriority assigned to given perspectives and objectives.When all perspectives and objectives are weightedequally, however, a career model that manages leadersuccession or manages competencies is preferred overall.

MR-1128-OSD Taiwan's National Security, DefensePolicy and Weapons Procurement Process. M. Swaine.1999.

This report examines Taiwan's national securitydecisionmaking structure and process and the primaryfactors guiding its defense strategy, force structure, andmilitary procurement decisions. It attempts to explain themotives and interests determining Taiwan's nationalsecurity policy and defense plans and its decisions toacquire major weapons and related support systems fromforeign sources, including the United States. The authorhas determined that Taiwan's national security policyprocess is poorly coordinated, both within the top levels ofthe senior leadership and between the civilian and militaryelite. As a result, Taiwan lacks a strategy that can integrateand guide its foreign and defense policies. He alsoconcludes that Taiwan's defense policy and procurement

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decisionmaking process are significantly influenced by avariety of non-military criteria that complicate efforts toascertain the motives and objectives of Taiwan's requestsfor U.S. arms and call into question Taiwan's ability toeffectively absorb such arms. He recommends that theUnited States continue to acquire more and betterinformation about Taiwan's strengths and weaknesses inthese areas and especially to more accurately assessTaiwan's requests for military sales from the United States.He also recommends that the United States (1) avoidproviding arms and assistance to Taiwan in ways thatprovoke greater tension with China without appreciablyimproving Taiwan's defense capabilities, (2) continue tostrengthen contacts with the ROC military but avoidinteracting with the Taiwan armed forces in a way thatsuggests the establishment of joint U.S.-Taiwanoperational capabilities, and (3) develop and maintainclose contacts with Taiwan's key decisionmakers.

MR-1129.0-WFHF/RF/UNFPA/NIA/NICHD TheImportance of International Demographic Research for theUnited States. N. M. Sastry. 1999.

International demographic research has generatedenormous benefits for the U.S. This report identifies fivemajor reasons for these benefits. First, cross-nationalresearch provides unique policy insights that allow theU.S. to develop more effective programs and policies toaddress pressing and persistent domestic challenges.Second, it helps the U.S. to understand and addressproblems and issues in many countries or regions of theworld that are of particular relevance to the U.S. becauseof their strategic or commercial importance. Third, it helpsthe U.S. to address problems and issues that are global innature and require international policy responses. Fourth,it helps the U.S. to provide humanitarian aid to poorcountries more effectively and efficiently. Finally, itcontributes to the advancement of science, which in turnstimulates and enriches research focusing on the U.S.

MR-1134-ICJ The Effects of a Choice AutomobileInsurance Plan on Insurance Costs and Compensation: AnAnalysis Based on 1997 Data. S. J. Carroll, A. F.Abrahamse. 1999.

"Choice" auto insurance gives drivers the option ofselecting either a somewhat modified version of theirstate's current auto insurance plan or a no-fault plan. Usingthe same analytical methods as in their two previousstudies on the same subject (MR-540-ICJ, based on 1987data; and MR-970-ICJ, based on 1992 data), the authorsestimated the effects of a choice automobile insuranceplan on the costs of compensating auto accident victims.They find the choice plan can deliver on its promise ofoffering dramatically less expensive insurance to driverswho are willing to give up access to compensation fornoneconomic loss by purchasing no-fault insurance, with

little effect on those who want to retain access tocompensation for both economic and noneconomic loss. Ifinsurers pass on cost savings, the adoption of a choice plancould translate into savings on total premiums of about 23percent for purchasers of no-fault insurance. Becauseclaims behavior has varied over the years, these savingsare greater than the authors' estimate based on 1992 data,but not as large as the savings based on 1987 data.

MR-1158-CIRREF Uterine Artery Embolization: ASystematic Review of the Literature and Proposal forResearch. M. Broder, K. Harris, S. C. Morton, C. D.Sherbourne, R. H. Brook. 1999.

The benign tumors known as uterine leiomyomata are acommon cause of significant, often disabling symptomsamong women. For women whose symptoms are notcontrolled by hormones or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs, surgery—hysterectomy or myomectomy—isrequired. Over the long term, about 10 percent of womenwho have had a myomectomy will later requirehysterectomy to control bleeding. Uterine arteryembolization (UAE) is a minimally invasive radiologictechnique for reducing symptoms caused by uterineleiomyomata. A literature review revealed that the short-term results for UAE are roughly comparable with thosefor abdominal myomectomy, and the risks of UAE aresimilar to those of more-established procedures. Based onthe recommendations of the ten-member expert panelconvened to examine the literature review, the reportconcludes that the current data on UAE, while promising,are inadequate to recommend its use outside of clinicaltrials. A randomized, controlled trial with carefulmeasurement of short- and long-term outcomes is crucialto establish the comparative risks and benefits of UAE,myomectomy, and hysterectomy. In addition, the panelrecommended careful study of the costs of UAE and theestablishment of a registry of patients undergoing UAE toprovide nonexperimental data on the procedure.

MR-1167.0-USDAFNS An Analysis of the Child andAdult Care Food Program in Child Care Centers. K.Kapur, M. R. Kilburn, C. C. Fair. 1999.

MR-1172.0-OSTP Remote Sensing OperationalCapabilities: Final Report. D. Frelinger, M. D. Gabriele.1999.

ISSUE PAPERS

IP-176/1 La Planification Familiale Dans Les Pays EnDeveloppement: Une Reussite a Parachever. J. S.DaVanzo, D. Adamson. 1999.

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IP-176/2 La Planificacion Familiar En Los Paises EnDesarrollo: Un Exito Incompleto. J. S. DaVanzo, D.Adamson. 1999.

IP-176/3 La Pianificazione Familiare Nei Paesi in ViaDi Sviluppo: Un Successo Incompleto. J. S. DaVanzo, D.Adamson. 1999.

IP-176/4 O Planeamento Familiar Nos Paises Em ViasDe Desennvolvimento: Uma Historia De SucessoInacabada. J. S. DaVanzo, D. Adamson. 1999.

IP-176/5 Family Planning in Developing Countries:An Unfinished Success Story (Arabic language version).J. S. DaVanzo, D. Adamson. 1999.

IP-181 Planning a Ballistic Missile Defense System ofSystems: An Adaptive Strategy. D. C. Gompert, J. A.Isaacson. 1999.

IP-182 Large-Scale Testing: Current Practices andNew Directions. S. P. Klein, L. Hamilton. 1999.

IP-184 A Flood of Litigation? Predicting theConsequences of Changing Legal Remedies Available toERISA Beneficiaries. C. R. Gresenz, N. M. Pace, B.Dombey-Moore, D. R. Hensler, D. M. Studdert. 1999.

IP-187 Congage China. Z. Khalilzad. 1999.

RESEARCH BRIEFS

RB-52 Innovation and Technological Leadership:Fifty Years of Competition in U.S. Aircraft R&D. 1999.

RB-54 Changing Air Force Culture: Assessment ofthe Summer 1998 Air and Space Basic Course. 1999.

RB-3007 Making Military Education More Effectiveand Affordable. 1999.

RB-3008 Improving Training Efficiency: Lessonsfrom the Total Army School System. 1999.

RB-3009 Bridging the Gap: Consolidating Activeand Reserve Training. 1999.

RB-3010 Are Recon Operations at the NTC GettingBetter? 1999.

RB-3011 Postmobilization Training of NationalGuard Combat Units. 1999.

RB-3012 How Companies Perform at the NationalTraining Center. 1999.

RB-3013 Training for an AC-RC Integrated Division.1999.

RB-3015 Improving Performance and Efficiency inthe Total Army School System. 1999.

RB-4523 A Portrait of the HIV+ Population inAmerica: Initial Results from the HIV Cost and ServicesUtilization Study. 1999.

RB-4524 Taking the Pulse of Health Care in America.1999.

RB-4525 Caring for HIV Patients: Good News andBad News. 1999.

RB-4526 Introducing Managed Care in the MilitaryHealth System. 1999.

RB-5026 Effects of the Indonesian Crisis: Evidencefrom the Indonesian Family Life Survey. 1999.

RB-5027 How Goes CalWORKs? EmergingImplementation Issues. 1999.

RB-5028 Prescription Drugs and the Elderly: PolicyImplications of Medicare Coverage. 1999.

RB-6007 The Benefits and Costs of Drug UsePrevention: Clarifying a Cloudy Issue. 1999.

RB-7108 Past RMAs, Future Transformations: WhatCan History Tell Us About Transforming the U.S.Military? 1999.

RB-7109 Innovative Acquisition Approaches:Lessons Learned from the HAE UAV Program. 1999.

RB-7522 Competing with College: Developing NewRecruiting Options for the Military. 1999.

RB-7524 Modifying Federal Civil Service RetirementIncentives. 1999.

RB-7526 Are There Barriers to Minorities JoiningSpecial Operations Forces? 1999.

RB-7527 Why Do Military Families Live in On-BaseHousing? 1999.

RB-7528 Improving Military Communities. 1999.

RB-7529 How Did ODS/S Affect the RC? Evidencefrom the 1992 RC Survey. 1999.

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RB-7531 Interagency and International Careers forMilitary Officers: Feasible and Advisable? 1999.

RB-7532 Perstempo: Does It Help or HinderReenlistment? 1999.

RB-8017 Text-Based Accountability Systems:Lessons of Kentucky's Experiment. 1999.

RB-9030 Binding Arbitration Is Not Frequently Usedto Resolve Health Care Disputes. 1999.

(Reprinted from Law and Contemporary Problems. Vol.60, No. 1. Winter 1997.)

RGS DISSERTATIONS

RGSD-147 Blunting the Talons: The Impact of PeaceOperations Deployments on USAF Fighter Crew CombatSkills. J. Stillion. 1999.

RGSD-148 Seeing the Lighthouse -- as Simple as theASBC? Facilitating Organizational Change in the U.S.Air Force. M. R. Thirtle. 1999.

RGSD-149 The Heart of Economic Reform: China'sBanking Reform and State Enterprise Restructuring. D.Tong. 1999.

This study examines the roles of the financial sector infinancing China's development, and the relationshipbetween financial sector reform, restructuring of state-owned enterprise, and the reform of the social welfaresystem in China. Its findings should help policymakers,policy analysts, scholars, and executives in banking andfinancial institutions assess financial sector reform inChina.

REPRINTS

RP-726 The Economics of Fertility in DevelopedCountries: A Survey. V. J. Hotz, J. A. Klerman, R. J.Willis. 1999.

This chapter of the Handbook of Population and FamilyEconomics surveys the intellectual development andempirical implications of the literature on the economicsof fertility as it applies to fertility behavior in developedeconomies. From both static and dynamic perspectives, thepaper reviews the relevant theory and empirical work. Thetheoretical discussion emphasizes the attempt to explain

household fertility behavior in terms of the choice-theoretic framework of neoclassical economics. Theempirical discussion focuses on strategies for approachingthe identification problem in estimating the relationsimplied by the theory—the effects on fertility ofexogenous changes in prices, income, and technology.

RP-730 Development of a Quality of CareMeasurement System for Children and Adolescents:Methodological Considerations and Comparisons with aSystem for Adult Women. M. A. Schuster, S. M. Asch, E.A. McGlynn, E. A. Kerr, A. M. Hardy, D. S. Gifford.1999.

This work describes the development of a pediatric qualityof care measurement system designed to cover multipleclinical topics that could be applied to enrollees inmanaged care organizations and to compare thedevelopment of this system with the concurrentdevelopment of a similar system for adult women.Indicators were developed for 21 pediatric (ages 0–18)years) clinical topics and 20 adult (ages 17-50 years)women's clinical topics. Indicators were classified by thestrength of evidence supporting them. Of 557 pediatric and391 adult women's proposed indicators, 453 (81%) and340 (87%), respectively, were retained by the two expertpanels. This study contributes to the field of pediatricquality of care assessment by providing many moreindicators than have been available previously and bydocumenting the strength of evidence supporting theseindicators. Formal consensus methods are essential for thedevelopment of pediatric quality measures because theevidence base for pediatric care is more limited than foradult care. (Reprinted from Archives of Pediatrics &Adolescent Medicine. Vol. 151. Nov. 1997.)

RP-738 Welfare Background, Attitudes, andEmployment Among New Mothers. L. Greenwell, A. A.Leibowitz, J. A. Klerman. 1999.

This article investigates whether new mothers' chances ofbeing employed appear to be influenced by anintergenerationally transmitted welfare culture. Data fromthe National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are analyzedusing logit and ordinary least squares regression. Thefindings show that, as adolescents, new mothers withwelfare backgrounds were more willing than others to usewelfare but were no less likely to have positive attitudestoward work. Adolescents' work attitudes influence theirchances of being employed when they are new mothers,but adolescents' welfare attitudes do not. These resultssuggest that new mothers' chances of being employed arenot influenced by an intergenerationally transmittedwelfare culture. (Reprinted from Journal of Marriage andthe Family. Vol. 60, No. 1. Feb. 1998.)

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RP-745 The Effect of Allowing Motorists to Opt Outof Tort Law in the United States. J. O'Connell, S. J.Carroll, A. F. Abrahamse, M. J. Horowitz, A. Karan.1999.

As applied to U.S. traffic accidents, both tort law and no-fault law are often attacked. A proposed solution wouldallow motorists to choose an option bypassing theinadequacies of both tort law and current U.S. no-faultlaws. Actuarial estimates indicate large savings availableto motorists so choosing. But as time goes on, the savingsare diminished as low required limits of coverage in theU.S. meet inflation, leading not only to admittedlylessened savings but also to the anomaly of more and moremotorists in non no-fault states pursuing tort rights foronly economic losses. (Reprinted from Les Cahiers DeDroit. 1998.)

RP-749 Urban-Rural Differences in Employer-BasedHealth Insurance Coverage of Workers. A. F. Coburn, E.H. Kilbreth, S. H. Long, M. S. Marquis. 1999.

Prior research indicates that rural workers are less likelythan urban workers to obtain health insurance coveragethrough their employers. The reasons for this differentialin coverage rates are not well understood. This study usesdata from the 1993 Robert Wood Johnson FoundationEmployer Health Insurance Survey to measure differencesin the proportion of rural and urban workers who areoffered insurance coverage, in their participation rates inoffered plans, to assess the effects of firm size, wages, andother factors in explaining residential differences. Offerrates and participation rates are both lower in rural areas,but the probability of employer-based coverage amongrural workers rises to that of urban workers when ruralfirm size and wages are adjusted to urban levels. Ruralfirms and workers are not behaviorally different fromurban firms and workers—just at a greater disadvantagebecause of their smaller size and lower wages (Reprintedfrom Medical Care Research and Review. Vol. 55, No. 4.)

RP-750 Beyond Single Mothers: Cohabitation andMarriage in the AFDC Program. R. A. Moffitt, R. T.Reville, A. E. Winkler. 1999.

This study investigates the extent and implications ofcohabitation and marriage among U.S. welfare recipients.An analysis of four data sets (Current Population Survey,National Survey of Families and Households, Panel Studyof Income Dynamics, National Longitudinal Survey ofYouth) shows significant number of cohabitants amongrecipients of AFDC. An even more surprising finding isthe large number of married women on welfare. The studyalso reports the results of a telephone survey of stateAFDC agencies conducted to determine state rulesgoverning cohabitation and marriage. The survey resultsindicate that, in a number of respects, AFDC rules

encourage cohabitation. Finally, the study conducts ananalysis of the impact of AFDC rules on cohabitation,marriage and single motherhood and finds weak evidencein support of incentives to cohabit. (Reprinted fromDemography. Vol. 35, No. 3. Aug. 1998.)

RP-751 How Good Is the Quality of Health Care inthe United States? M. A. Schuster, E. A. McGlynn, R. H.Brook. 1999.

In September 1998, the Advisory Commission onConsumer Protection and Quality in the Health CareIndustry released its final report on how to define,measure, and promote quality of health care. With neworganizational structures and reimbursement strategies thatmay affect quality of care, the health care system hasundergone a dramatic transformation. Concerns aboutpotentially negative consequences prompted a movementto assure that quality will not be sacrificed to control costs.This study reviews the academic literature on quality ofcare in the U.S. and provides an overview of quality ofcare delivery across diverse settings, conditions, anddemographic groups. Quality of care in the U.S. variesamong hospitals, cities, and states, some of it outstanding,but much of it not meeting professional standards. Asystematic strategy for routine monitoring and reportingon quality is essential to preserve quality and to improveefficiency of high-quality health services. (Reprinted fromMilbank Quarterly. Vol. 76, No. 4. 1998.)

RP-752 Velocity Management and the Revolution inMilitary Logistics. T. J. Edwards, R. Eden. 1999.

When General Reimer identified the Revolution inMilitary Logistics (RML) as a necessary precondition ofthe revolution in military affairs (RMA) , he issued achallenge to the Army logistics community. Yet recentstudies of the RMA express little hope for delivering anRML, at least in the near term. This study suggests thatRML can be achieved without waiting for the Army tofield new major weapons systems. The Army can deliverRML quickly and affordably by focusing on the dramaticand continuous improvement of today's key logisticsprocesses, which in turn help reduce the need for massivelogistics resources. This improvement effort, called theVelocity Management (VM) Initiative, has been underway since January 1995, with remarkable success. Chiefof Staff Reimer was right about the dependence of theRMA on an RML: dramatic process improvement underthe VM initiative is a key enabler of the Revolution inMilitary Logistics. (Reprinted from Army Logistician.Vol. 31, Issue 1. Jan.-Feb. 1999.)

RP-753 Utilization of Well-Child Care Services forAfrican-American Infants in a Low-Income Community:Results of a Randomized, Controlled Case Managementand Home Visiting Intervention. M. A. Schuster, D.

85

Wood, N. Duan, R. M. Mazel, C. D. Sherbourne, N.Halfon. 1999.

This study evaluates a case management/home visitationintervention to improve access to and utilization of well-child care (WCC) visits, through use of randomized,controlled trials with baseline and follow-up interviewsurveys. Mothers and infants in the intervention groupwere assigned case managers who made at least four homevisits during the infantUs first year of life. The groupconsisted of a population-based random sample ofAfrican-American mothers of newborns from SouthCentral Los Angeles: 185 mothers in the interventiongroup and 180 in the control group completed bothinterview surveys. There was little change in the overalldistribution of number of WCC visits during the first yearof life. In light of the high expense of this intervention,this evaluation shows that a moderate-intensity casemanagement and home visitation program is not aneffective way to increase the number of WCC visits.(Reprinted from Pediatrics. Vol. 101, No. 6. June 1998.)

RP-754 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Parity:A Case Study of Ohio's State Employee Program. R.Sturm, W. Goldman, J. McCulloch. 1999.

In the United States, insurance benefits for treatingalcohol, drug abuse and mental health (ADM) problemshave been much more limited than medical care benefits.To change that situation, more than 30 states wereconsidering legislation that requires equal benefits forADM and medical care ('parity') in the past year.Uncertainty about the cost consequences of such proposedlegislation remains a major stumbling block. Noinformation is available about the actual experience ofimplementing parity benefits under managed care or theeffects on access to care and utilization. Ohio's experiencewith adopting full parity for ADM care within its stateemployee program is examined, using data from 1987 to1997. The Ohio state case study demonstrates that paritylevel benefits for ADM care are affordable under managedcare. The next step is to address quality of care or healthoutcomes, two areas less understood than costs.(Reprinted from Journal of Mental Health Policy andEconomics. Vol. 1. 1998.)

RP-755 Risk Premiums for Environmental Liability:Does Superfund Increase the Cost of Capital? S. Garber,J. K. Hammitt. 1999.

Superfund liability may impose financial risk on investorsand thereby increase firms' costs of capital. Monthly stockreturns are analyzed for 73 chemical companies usingseveral measures of Superfund exposure. Additionalexposure appears to increase costs of capital for largerfirms, but perhaps not for smaller firms. From 1988 to1992, an average increase in the cost of capital is

estimated for 23 larger firms of between 0.25 to 0.40percentage points per year. The social cost of Superfund-related financial risk in the chemical industry may be ashigh as $800 million annually, or enough to clean up about20 sites. (Reprinted from Journal of EnvironmentalEconomics and Management. Vol. 36, No. 3. 1998.)

RP-757 Fertility, Education and Resources in SouthAfrica. D. Thomas. 1999.

Population and education are likely to play a central rolein public policy in South Africa as it emerges fromapartheid. Household survey data are used to examinemechanisms that underlie the negative association betweenfertility and education. First, education is not randomlyassigned within a population. It is demonstrated that partof the association between education and fertility reflectsself-selection in educational achievement. Second, becauseeducation and household resources tend to be correlated, awoman's education may be a proxy for her income.Female education continues to have a powerful negativeassociation with fertility. A third set of experimentsattempts to isolate the relationship between skills learnedin school and demographic outcomes. Performance onquantitative and comprehension tests has an independentimpact on fertility. The impact of comprehension skills isparticularly large, suggesting that assimilation ofinformation may be important in affecting familydecisionmaking.

RP-758 Choosing and Evaluating ClinicalPerformance Measures. E. A. McGlynn. 1999.

The importance and utility of routine externally reportedassessments of the quality of health care delivered inmanaged care organizations and hospitals have becomewidely accepted. Because externally reported measures ofquality of health care are intended to inform or lead toaction, proposers of such measures have a responsibility toensure that the results of the measures are meaningful,scientifically sound, and interpretable. Increasedstandardization of both the expectations for public releaseon measures of quality and the criteria by which suchmeasures will be evaluated should contribute toimprovements in the larger field of quality assessment.(Reprinted from Joint Commission Journal on QualityImprovement. Vol. 24, No. 9. Sept. 1998.)

RP-759 The Outcomes Utility Index: Will OutcomesData Tell Us What We Want to Know? E. A. McGlynn.1999.

This study proposes an approach to evaluate the utility ofan outcome measure in making comparisons among healthplans, hospitals, networks, or other accountable entities.Seven components are recommended for evaluation:whether the outcome is a health outcome; the relative

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complexity of events that produce the outcome; the degreeto which attribution can reasonably be made; thesuitability of risk adjustment for limiting external sourcesof variation; and the likelihood that the measure providesperverse behavioral incentives. Illustrative examples aregiven in each area for scoring the performance ofmeasures on the component. Outcomes measurement is ofgreat interest to a variety of potential users. The approachproposed here is intended to provoke discussion and morerigorous development of tools that will help identify themeasures likely to produce the most useful information formaking comparisons among accountable entities in thehealth system. (Reprinted from International Journal forQuality in Health Care. Vol. 10, No. 6. 1998.)

RP-760 Treating Depression in Staff-Model VersusNetwork-Model Managed Care Organizations. L. S.Meredith, L. V. Rubenstein, K. Rost, D. E. Ford, N.Gordon, P. A. Nutting, P. Camp, K. B. Wells. 1999.

This study conducted a survey of 410 primary careproviders' depression-related practices to compare theknowledge and attitudes of staff or group-model managedcare organizations (MCOs) with those of network-modelMCOs. Knowledge was measured based on depressionguidelines and attitudes (beliefs about burden, skill, andbarriers) related to depression and reported behavior. Bothtypes of MCO providers are equally knowledgeable abouttreating depression, and perceive equivalent skills intreating depression. However, staff/group-model providershave stronger beliefs that treating depression isburdensome to their practice, whereas network modelproviders report limited access to mental health specialtyreferral as a barrier. Accordingly, although the staff/group-model MCOs had greater access to referrals, network-model organizations are more likely to treat depressionthemselves. Improving primary care for depression willrequire unique strategies beyond enhancing technicalknowledge for the two types of MCOs. (Reprinted fromJournal of General Internal Medicine. Vol. 14, No. 1.1999.)

RP-761 The Design of Partners in Care: Evaluatingthe Cost Effectiveness of Improving Care for Depressionin Primary Care. K. B. Wells. 1999.

This paper describes a study design that blends healthservices and clinical research approaches to examine thecost-effectiveness of treatments and of qualityimprovement for depression in primary care, managedcare practices. Six managed care organizations in LosAngeles (Calif.), San Antonio (Tex.), San Luis Valley(Colo.), Twin Cities (Minn.), and Columbia (Md.)participated. Primary care clinics were randomized to oneof two quality improvement interventions or care as usual.Interventions included patient and provider education,nurse-assisted patient assessment, and resources to support

appropriate medication management or access to cognitivebehavioral therapy. Practices implemented theinterventions with study support. Providers and patientsselected treatment. Patients with depressive symptomsregardless of comorbidities were eligible. Over 27,000primary care patients visiting the practices of 181 primarycare clinicians were screened for depression, 14% werepotentially eligible, and 1356 enrolled into the 2-yearlongitudinal study. Enrollees were similar to eligibles, butusual care clinic patients tended to be less severelydepressed than intervention clinic patients, partly due toclinic staff enthusiasm. The result of the study showed thatstudying treatment effects and quality improvement innonacademic settings is feasible, but requires relaxation ofdesign features of experiments that protect internalvalidity. The trade-off between certainty of causalinference and generalizability to usual care conditions arediscussed. The strengths and limitations of this studydesign are compared to those of clinical trials and recentclinical effectiveness studies. (Reprinted from SocialPsychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. Vol. 34. 1999.)

RP-762 Using Qualitative Methods to Study theHidden World of Offstreet Prostitution in Los AngelesCounty. J. Lever, D. E. Kanouse. 1999.

Female prostitutes are widely believed to play animportant role in the epidemiology of sexually transmitteddiseases (STDs), including HIV, because of their sexualactivity and because some female prostitutes inject drugsor have sex with men who do. Most studies of prostitutesrely on samples from jails, STD clinics, and methadonemaintenance programs, over-representing women whosolicit clients in off-street locales, and revealing nothingabout the size of sub-populations. The Los AngelesWomenUs Health Risk Study, relying on governmentagencies, directories and ethnographic informants forsource material, attempts to draw a probability sample ofprostitutes in a single major metropolitan area who workfrom indoor locations. After surveying that part of theoffstreet market for prostitution in Los Angeles that occursin locations known to have female commercialstreetwalkers available, the study concludes thatapproximately 4,000 women were involved at the time ofthe fieldwork.

RP-765 Adolescent Use of Illicit Drugs Other ThanMarijuana: How Important Is Social Bonding and forWhich Ethnic Groups? P. L. Ellickson, R. L. Collins, R.M. Bell. 1999.

This study predicted Grade 12 use of illicit drugs otherthan marijuana ("hard" drugs) from characteristics atGrade 10, examining the protective value of social bondsand testing whether certain social bonds have greaterimportance for some racial/ethnic groups. The study alsoexplored the association of previous substance use with

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later "hard" drug use when social bonds and a broad rangeof other personal and environmental variables arestatistically controlled. Family bonds and prior use wererelated to use. However, variables other than social bondsand prior use were equal or stronger predictors of bothoutcomes. Some differences were obtained across racialgroups: African-Americans were less likely to use illicitdrugs other than marijuana; Mexican-Americans weremore affected by family factors than were other groups;and Asian-Americans were more affected by schoolfailure. Implications for prevention are discussed.(Reprinted from Substance Use and Misuse. Vol. 34, No.3. 1999.)

RP-766 Underuse of Cardiac Procedures: DoWomen, Ethnic Minorities, and the Uninsured Fail toReceive Needed Revascularization? L. L. Leape, L. H.Hilborne, R. M. Bell, C. J. Kamberg, R. H. Brook. 1999.

Women, ethnic minorities and uninsured persons receivefewer cardiac procedures than affluent white male patientsdo, but rates of use are crude indicators of quality. Theimportant question is, do women, minorities, and theuninsured fail to receive cardiac procedures when theyneed them? To measure receipt of necessary coronaryartery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and percutaneoustransluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) overall bypatient sex, ethnicity, and payer status; and by availablityof on-site revascularization, a retrospective, randomizedmedical record review was conducted in 13 of the 24hospitals in New York City that provide cornonaryangiography. Although revascularization procedures aresubstantially underused, no variations in rate of use by sex,ethnic group, or payer status were seen among patientstreated in hospitals that provide CABG surgery and PTCA.However, underuse was significantly greater in hospitalsthat do not provide these procedures, particularly amonguninsured persons. (Reprinted from Annals of InternalMedicine. Vol. 130, No. 3. Feb. 1999.)

RP-767 Drawing a Probability Sample of FemaleProstitutes in Los Angeles County. D. E. Kanouse, S. H.Berry, N. Duan, J. Lever, S. Carson, J. F. Perlman, B. A.Levitan. 1999.

Methods used to construct a spatial-temporal samplingframe to recruit a probability sample of female streetprostitutes in the 4,000 square mile area of Los AngelesCounty are described. Of 164 potential street areas namedby informants or associated with marker establishments,111 were judged to have sufficient prostitution activity forinclusion in the study. Completed interviews wereobtained from 998 prostitutes, 638 of whom also gaveblood samples, representing 85% of those from whom ablood sample was sought. Field results indicate thatprobability sampling techniques can be successfully usedto study street prostitutes. The authors believe the sample

areas identified account for most of the street prostitutionin Los Angeles County. The response rate is within therange of 61 percent, assuming all women who refusedscreening or denied eligibility were simply refusing toparticipate, to 89 percent, if all such women were in factineligible. (Reprinted from Journal of Sex Research. Vol.36, No. 1. Feb. 1999.)

RP-768 The Use of Cognitive Testing to Develop andEvaluate CAHPS 1.0 Core Survey Items. L. D. Harris-Kojetin, F. J. Fowler, J. A. Brown, J. A. Schnaier, S. F.Sweeny. 1999.

The main goal of the Consumer Assessments of HealthPlans Study (CAHPS), which benefits from thecomplementary strengths of psychometric and cognitivetesting, is to develop an integrated set of tested,standardized surveys to obtain meaningful informationfrom health plan enrollees about their experiences. TheCAHPS team conducted 150 cognitive interviews acrossthree organizations in different geographic locations usingmultiple interview methods with different consumerpopulations. Results show that a modified format is moreappropriate when asking about specific aspects of planenrollees' experiences, whereas a rating format is usefulfor asking about overall assessments. Specifying a longerreference period is preferable to asking about the mostrecent visit when capturing experiences with care. Thestudy concludes that cognitive testing was integral todeveloping and refining the CAHPS instrument, capturingconsumers' health care and plan experiences with lessresponse error than one not subjected to such testing.(Reprinted from Medical Care. Vol. 37, No. 3,Supplement. 1999.)

RP-769 Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0Survey Measures. R. D. Hays, J. A. Shaul, V. S. L.Williams, J. Lubalin, L. D. Harris-Kojetin, S. F. Sweeny,P. D. Cleary. 1999.

The Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study(CAHPS) is intended to develop an integrated,standardized set of surveys to collect valid informationabout health plan performance from consumers. Thisarticle reports psychometric results for the CAHPS 1.0survey items in individuals with Medicaid or privatehealth insurance coverage. Reliability estimates forCAHPS 1.0 measures were estimated in a sample of 5,878persons on Medicaid and 11,393 persons with privatehealth insurance. Correlation of CAHPS global rating ofhealth plans with willingness to recommend the plan andintention to re-enroll were estimated in 313 persons onMedicaid. CAHPS measures appeared to have goodreliability, particularly at the health plan level. Globalhealth plan rating was significantly correlated withconsumers' willingness to recommend the plan to familyand friends and to their intention to re-enroll in the plan.

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The CAHPS 1.0 survey instrument appears to haveexcellent psychometric properties. (Reprinted fromMedical Care. Vol. 37, No. 3, Supplement. 1999.)

RP-770 Making Survey Results Easy to Report toConsumers: How Reporting Needs Guided Survey Designin CAHPS. J. McGee, D. E. Kanouse, S. Sofaer, J. L.Hargraves, E. Hoy, S. Kleimann. 1999.

The goal of the CAHPS (Consumer Assessment of HealthPlans) team was to design a series of reporting productsthat present survey results so that consumers findunderstandable and meaningful information in choosinghealth plans. Reporting was based on previous research onconsumers' information interests and needs in choosingamong plans. Cognitive tests were conducted withconsumers to get their reactions to mock-ups ofapproaches to reporting CAHPS survey results. Findingsfrom previous research and cognitive testing, and feedbackfrom experts and the public, were used to modify surveyquestions, response options, and reporting formats to makeit easier for consumers to understand and use reports. Thestudy concluded that the CAHPS focus on reportingresults to consumers presented an unusual challenge forsurvey design, requiring close coordination betweeninstrument design and report development to produce asurvey and reporting kit that serves consumers'information needs. (Reprinted from Medical Care. Vol.37, No. 3, Supplement. 1999.)

RP-771 Comparing Telephone and Mail Responses tothe CAHPS Survey Instrument. F. J. Fowler, P. M.Gallagher, S. E. Nederend. 1999.

The objective of the Consumer Assessment of HealthPlans (CAHPS) survey was to evaluate the comparabilityof answers to CAHPS questions when data are collectedby mail and by telephone. Two studies comparing phoneand mail responses used parallel samples of Medicaidbeneficiaries in California, and adults with chronicconditions who had health insurance through the State ofWashington. A third study used a revised instrument. Inthe first two tests, numerous significant differences werefound in rates at which questions that might not apply toall respondents were answered: some ratings were morepositive on the telephone. In the test of a revisedinstrument, nine of 58 comparisons differed significantlyby mode. Although further steps to reduce the remainingmode effects are needed, data indicate that when therevised CAHPS questions are used, mode of datacollection will have little effect on key results. (Reprintedfrom Medical Care. Vol. 37, No. 3, Supplement. 1999.)

RP-772 Special Issues Addressed in the CAHPSSurvey of Medicare Managed Care Beneficiaries. J. A.Schnaier, S. F. Sweeny, V. S. L. Williams, B. Kosiak, J.Lubalin, R. D. Hays, L. D. Harris-Kojetin. 1999.

To meet its goal of providing comparative planinformation to Medicare beneficiaries, the Health CareFinancing Administration invested in developing theConsumer Assessments of Health Plans Study (CAHPS)survey of beneficiary enrollees in Medicare Managed Care(MMC) plans. This article describes the process throughwhich the MMC survey was developed, and examinesissues in using this Medicare beneficiary survey that haveimplications for all CAHPS surveys. Cognitive interviewsand a field test were conducted with Medicarebeneficiaries. A sample of individuals was selected fromsix health plans. The use of screening questions, skipinstructions, and tailored "not applicable" response optionsappeared to facilitate the response task. Some CAHPSaccess questions were not meaningful to Medicarebeneficiaries. Data do not support the need to adjust forlength of plan enrollment. Analyses suggested changes toimprove the MMC survey and to make other CAHPSsurveys consistent with these changes. (Reprinted fromMedical Care. Vol. 37, No. 3, Supplement. 1999.)

RP-773 Special Issues in Assessing Care of MedicaidRecipients. J. A. Brown, S. E. Nederend, R. D. Hays, P.F. Short, D. O. Farley. 1999.

The study describes the process used to develop and testsurvey items targeted to Medicaid consumers for theConsumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS).The study also highlights challenges in locating andsurveying Medicaid recipients, and providesrecommendations for increasing response rates. Focusgroups and cognitive interviews were conducted. TheMedicaid survey was field-tested. Concepts irrelevant toMedicaid consumers or that consumers were unable toaccurately attribute were discarded. New concepts ofhealth care experiences of Medicaid consumers wereadded. Item wording and format were refined based onfindings from focus groups, cognitive testing, the field testand a literature review. Testing and formatting efforts, incombination with a formal literature review, led to thedevelopment of a questionnaire that measures importanthealth care experiences of Medicaid consumers in a"respondent-friendly" format. The recommendations forsurveying Medicaid recipients can benefit any survey of aMedicaid population. (Reprinted from Medical Care. Vol.37, No. 3, Supplement. 1999.)

RP-774 Translating the CAHPS 1.0 SurveyInstruments into Spanish. B. Weidmer, J. A. Brown, L.Garcia. 1999.

Collecting accurate health data on the growing number ofethnic minorities in the United States has increased inpolicy relevance. Today, most general population surveysrequire translation into Spanish and other languages. Thisarticle discusses the process used to translate theConsumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS)

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1.0 survey instruments into Spanish and techniques used toevaluate these instruments. The CAHPS team used atechnique of translation-backtranslation, and conductedcognitive testing and pre-testing of preliminary versions inboth English and Spanish. The translation-backtranslationmethod produced Spanish-language versions adequate formore educated respondents but inadequate for lesseducated and less acculturated respondents. Producing asurvey instrument culturally appropriate for Latinos in theUnited States may require modifying English versions ofthe instruments, as well as subjecting Spanish-languageinstruments to more rigorous testing that includescognitive testing, pre-testing, and an evaluation of readinglevel by a literacy expert. (Reprinted from Medical Care.Vol. 37, No. 3, Supplement. 1999.)

RP-775 Epilogue: Early Lessons from CAHPSDemonstrations and Evaluations. K. L. Carman, P. F.Short, D. O. Farley, J. A. Schnaier, D. B. Elliott, P. M.Gallagher. 1999.

Many organizations began to implement the ConsumerAssessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS) in 1997 toobtain meaningful information from health plan enrollees.This article reports on early findings from evaluations ofthree demonstration sites' experiences using CAHPS, anddiscusses plans for future demonstrations and evaluations.Process evaluation included on-site interviews, off-sitedocument review, and focus groups with consumers. Thereare four early results from the CAHPS demonstrations: theCAHPS survey covers topics important to sponsors, is ofreasonable length, and can be administered quickly; reporttemplates are used effectively but sponsors vary in theirpreferences for summarizing and presenting CAHPSratings; CAHPS sponsors value standardized products butemphasize the need for further development; and CAHPSsurveys may be affordable only for large sponsors. Thestudy concludes that the first round of CAHPSdemonstrations highlighted strengths of the integratedsurveys, and identified areas for improving products andtheir implementation. (Reprinted from Medical Care. Vol.37, No. 3, Supplement. 1999.)

RP-776 U.S. Policy Toward Cyprus and the EasternMediterranean: Changing Strategic Perspectives After theCold War. F. S. Larrabee. 1999.

The Cyprus issue has been a problem for the United Statesfor the last forty years. Failure to pay attention to Cyprusled to major crises during the Cold War, especially the1974 crisis, resulting in Greece's temporary withdrawalfrom NATO's military command and significantdeterioration of US relations with Greece and Turkey.Cyprus remains a potential threat to stability in the EasternMediterranean, which could lead to renewed confrontationbetween Greece and Turkey, threatening security in theMediterranean and possibly spilling into other areas,

particularly the Balkans. Prospects for settlement of theCyprus issue remain dim, primarily because of thedomestic situation in Turkey, and the EU's decision tokeep Turkey off its list of countries for accessionnegotiations. Until the EU develops a coherent, long-term,integrated strategy toward Turkey and Cyprus, chances fora political settlement of the Cyprus issue remain poor.

RP-777 Toward a Psychology of Harm Reduction. R.J. MacCoun. 1999.

This article discusses three different strategies for dealingwith the harmful consequences of drug use and other riskybehaviors: People can be discouraged from engaging inthe behavior (prevalence reduction), people can beencouraged to reduce the frequency or extent of thebehavior (quantity reduction), or the harmfulconsequences of the behavior can be reduced (harmreduction). These strategies are not mutually exclusive;this article offers a framework for integrating them. Theframework is useful for examining frequent claims thatharm reduction "sends the wrong message." Opposition toharm reduction is based in part on a recognition ofpotential trade-offs among the strategies, but it is alsofueled by several more symbolic psychological factors.Strategies for successfully integrating prevalencereduction, quantity reduction, and harm reduction areexplored. (Reprinted from American Psychologist. Vol.53, No. 1. Nov. 1998.)

RP-778 The Changing Mediterranean SecurityEnvironment: A Transatlantic Perspective. I. O. Lesser.1999.

The Mediterranean security environment is changing inimportant ways. This analysis discusses the evolvingsignificance of the region from an American perspective,and describes three different models for conceptualizingMediterranean security, each of which highlightsimportant dimensions of change as well as differences inperspective among Europe, U.S. and southernMediterranean observers.

RP-779 The Relationship Between Infant and ChildMortality and Subsequent Fertility in Indonesia, 1971-1991. E. Frankenberg. 1999.

The idea that mortality decline precipitates fertility declineis a linchpin of demographic transition theory. At theaggregate level, two questions have focused on thedemographic future of developing countries: Wouldfertility declines accompany mortality declines? Howwould population growth rates change as mortalitydeclined? Stimulating interest at the family level is thenotion that a couple's fertility is in part a product of themortality environment in which they are building a family.Study results show that for certain groups of women, a

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child's death changes the fertility pattern of subsequentinterval lengths relative to that pattern when a childsurvives. However, the changes are small in magnitude. Itis unlikely that they have serious implications forcompleted levels of fertility or contribute to poor healthfor mothers or their offspring.

RP-780 Greek Security Concerns in the Balkans. F.S. Larrabee. 1999.

Historically, Greece's security has been closely tied tosecurity in the Balkans. As a small country on itsperiphery, instability and unrest in the Balkans have haddirect, and often significant, repercussions for Greece'sown security, as the collapse of the former Yugoslaviadramatically demonstrated. As a result, Greece has beenone of the leading proponents of increased regionalcooperation in the area. The end of the Cold War and thecollapse of Yugoslavia greatly complicated Greece'ssecurity dilemmas and forced Greece to forge a newBalkan policy. This chapter examines Greek securitypolicy in the Balkans since the end of the Cold War.Greek-Turkish rivalry creates serious difficulties inGreece's relations with its Western allies. Unless Greece isable to find a way to resolve its differences with Turkey,security in the Balkans will remain a chimera and Greece'sability to play a stabilizing role in the region will remainimpaired.

RP-784 HIV and People with Serious Mental Illness:The Public Sector's Role in Reducing HIV Risk andImproving Care. G. Sullivan, P. Koegel, D. E. Kanouse,F. Cournos, K. McKinnon, A. S. Young, D. L. Bean.1999.

This paper discusses detection, prevention of transmission,and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection among persons with serious mental illness, andsuggests ways public mental health systems can addressthese issues. Pertinent references from 1990 through 1998MEDLINE searches were reviewed. Persons with severemental illness are at greatly increased risk of HIVinfection due to increased likelihood of high-risk sexualbehaviors and injection drug use. Formidable barriers todetection and effective treatment of HIV in this populationcan be attributed to its unique characteristics, lack ofknowledge among mental and physical health careproviders, and fragmented mental and physical health caresystems. In the last five years, more effective treatmentsfor HIV have become available. Public mental healthsystems need to implement active prevention practices,educate health care providers about key treatment issues,and develop effective linkages between mental andphysical health care providers and systems. (Reprintedfrom Psychiatric Services. Vol. 50, No. 5. May 1999.)

RP-786 NATO Enlargement After the First Round.F. S. Larrabee. 1999.

Together with the future enlargement of the EuropeanUnion, the integration of Hungary, Poland, and the CzechRepublic into NATO will significantly diminish theprospect that Central Europe will again become a sourceof international tension and geopolitical rivalry. However,the entry of these three countries into NATO does not endthe process of enlargement. At the Madrid Summit, theAlliance agreed to maintain an "open door" to newmembers. This raises new policy dilemmas for NATO,from who should next be invited to join, when thatinvitation should be issued, what effect furtherenlargement will have on NATO cohesion and militaryeffectiveness, and most important, how enlargementcontributes to NATO's overall transformation and newmissions. Many factors argue for a deliberate, measuredapproach to further enlargement, one that gives NATOtime to sort out its strategic priorities. At the same time,NATO needs to enhance the credibility of the open doorby identifying concrete steps that will ensure that the doortruly remains open. (Reprinted from The InternationalSpectator. Vol. XXXIV, No. 2. April-June 1999.)

RP-787 Merchants and Guardians: Balancing U.S.Interests in Space Commerce. S. Pace. 1999.

Current challenges for space policy are examined in thisstudy, particularly those derived from the growth of spacecommerce and resulting conflicts between public andprivate sector interests. After a review of old and newvisions of space development, a model for policy conflictis introduced using the terms "Merchants" and"Guardians" to describe the differing objectives of publicand private sector interests. Conflicts over dual-usetechnologies, such as space launch, remote sensing,satellite navigation, and communications are described,along with special implications for military space policy.The study concludes that various internationalorganizations, such as the ITU and the WTO, will be ofgreater importance to space policy than in the past. Whilemaintaining their separate roles, industry and governmentwill have greater need to collaborate in shaping theinternational environment for space policy in order toachieve their economic and security objectives.

RP-788 The Associations Between Self-Rated Visionand Hearing and Functional Status in Middle Age. P. P.Lee, J. P. Smith, R. Kington. 1999.

The study describes associations between self-reportedvisual and hearing impairment and an index of globalfunctional status among community-dwelling, middle-aged Americans. A total of 9,744 U.S. community-dwelling persons 51 to 61 years of age participated.Multivariate analyses of functional status based on cross-

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sectional data from Wave I (1992) of the Health andRetirement Study (HRS) were performed. A global indexof functional status based on self-reported limitations in 17activities was measured. Approximately 3% ofrespondents rated their vision or hearing as poor. Evenafter controlling for demographic factors, socioeconomicstatus, medical conditions, and general health status,limitations in both vision and hearing were independentlycorrelated with worse functional status. The magnitude ofeffect of poor vision exceeded all medical conditionsexcept stroke. The study concludes that visual and hearingimpairment appear to have a significant relationship withoverall functional status, among even community-dwelling, middle-aged Americans and even aftercontrolling for general health status, medicalcomorbidities, and socioeconomic status. (Reprinted fromOphthalmology. Vol. 106, No. 2. Feb. 1999.)

RP-790 Conducting Collaborative Research withNontraditional Suppliers. K. P. Horn, E. I. Axelband, I. Y.Chang, P. Steinberg, C. Wong, H. Yee. 1999.

To maintain its technological edge, the Army spentapproximately $1 billion in FY96 in basic exploratorydevelopment and advanced development research. Despitethis outlay of money, the Army is facing constraints inmaintaining its technological edge. The study examinedpromising options for the Army to consider in conductingcollaborative research with nontraditional suppliers(NTSs). In 1989, Congress authorized cooperativeagreements (CAs) for use by the military services and theDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)as alternative mechanisms for conducting research anddevelopment, and also authorized other transactions(OTs). Although OTs are promising options forconducting collaborative research with NTSs, the Serviceshave not yet opted for them. CAs will not achievegovernment objectives; OTs are needed to attract NTSs.The Army Materiel Command (AMC) is beginning toexplore using OTs, but to reach the most promisingcompanies and realize gains, the Army must continue tomove in this direction. (Reprinted from Army RD&A.Nov.-Dec. 1997.)

RP-791 An Approach for Efficiently Managing DoDResearch and Development Portfolios. C. Wong, P.Steinberg, K. P. Horn, E. I. Axelband. 1999.

Managing Department of Defense (DoD) research anddevelopment (R&D) portfolios is a challenging task today.Not only do defense R&D managers have limitedresources to spend on pursuing new technologies, but thereis also an active civil and commercial market for sometechnologies the DoD is interested in. How can the DoDbetter understand what areas it must pursue on its own andwhat areas it might be better off collaborating with non-DoD organizations? This article presents a straightforward

approach for managing DoD R&D portfolios that can helpDoD managers understand how their R&D efforts areallocated, and how they might more efficiently managethem to take advantage of scarce resources andtechnological capabilities elsewhere. After describing theapproach, the authors illustrate it using the example of thebasic research technologies' part of the U.S. Army's R&Dportfolio. (Reprinted from Acquisition Review. Vol. 5, No.4. Fall 1998.)

RP-792 Implications of Population Aging forGeriatric Health. E. M. Agree, V. A. Freedman. 1999.

RP-793 Who Gains and Who Loses with CommunityRating for Small Business? J. Buchanan, M. S. Marquis.1999.

This paper compares community rating with experiencerating for small businesses using a microsimulation modelto determine what firms offer and who within these firmspurchase insurance. The authors generate four years ofdata and find that their results are remarkably stablethrough time. Both offer and purchase rates are about fivepercentage points higher under experience rating, butcommunity rating leads to more stable offerings. Undercommunity rating, high-risk firms and families purchaseinsurance, whereas under experience rating, it is the low-risk firms and families who are the purchasers. Youngfamilies and poor families have the lowest purchase rates,with these rates being disproportionately low undercommunity rating. (Reprinted from Inquiry. Vol. 36, No.1. Spring 1999.)

RP-794 Product and Stock Market Respons toAutomotive Product Liability Verdicts. S. Garber. 1999.

Claims about detrimental economic effects of productliability are a cornerstone of efforts by tort reformers torally support. It seems fair to say, however, that existingevidence about economic effects of product liability issketchy. In this paper, the authors attempt to developinformation about a narrow but important piece of a verycomplex puzzle. In particular, they develop quantitativeevidence about a component of automobile manufacturers'incentives stemming from product liability by examiningeffects of trial verdicts on company stock prices and onnew vehicle sales. The authors know of no similar study.

RP-795 Turkey's Strategic Options. I. O. Lesser.1999.

Turkey has been profoundly affected by changes on thepost-Cold War international scene. These changes haveemphasized the country's geopolitical importance, buthave also sharpened long-standing questions concerningTurkey's identity and role. The Turkish debate on foreignand security policy has become more vigorous and more

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diverse. The foreign policy agenda has also expanded.Turkish interests are now more global. The deteriorationof Turkey's relations with the European Union, and theworsening outlook for full membership has spurred an"agonizing reappraisal" of Turkey's interests in relation tothe West. At the same time, changes in Eurasia and theMiddle East, and new political currents in Turkey, haveraised interest in foreign policy opportunities to the eastand south. Do these non-Western orientations offer a validalternative to Turkey's traditional foreign and securitypolicy orientation? This analysis explores that question inlight of new realities in Turkey's domestic and externalenvironment. (Reprinted from The InternationalSpectator. Vol. XXXIV, No. 1. Jan.-Mar. 1999.)

RP-796 Quality of Life Among Women UndergoingHysterectomies. M. K. Rowe, D. E. Kanouse, B. S.Mittman, S. Bernstein. 1999.

This study measured the association between gynecologicconditions and quality of life in women beforehysterectomy. The researchers retrospectively identified482 women who had hysterectomies for nononcologic andnonemergency indications in one of nine capitated medicalgroups in Southern California between 1993 and 1995.Their symptoms and quality of life before hysterectomywere assessed by medical record review and telephoneinterview. Women were placed into four symptom-basedgroups (pain, bleeding, pelvic discomfort, andasymptomatic groups) and compared across six quality-of-life scales. Women with primary pain conditions reportedthe highest average role impairment compared withwomen with primary bleeding pelvic discomfort, orasymptomatic conditions. On the five 0 to 100 -pointquality-of-life scales, women with primary painconditions, compared with women with bleeding pelvicdiscomfort, or asymptomatic conditions, had the highestmean levels of sexual and mood impairment, the poorestperception of general, and the greatest increase in severityof symptoms before hysterectomy. The study concludesthat women's primary symptoms before hysterectomy areassociated differentially with varying levels ofimpairment. Standardized measurement of quality of lifeamong women with gynecologic complaints that lead tohysterectomy might help to develop treatment guidelinesand assess appropriateness and outcomes of care for thosewomen. (Reprinted from Obstetrics and Gynecology. Vol.93, No. 6. 1999.)

RP-797 Medicaid Eligibility Expansion in Florida:Effects on Maternity Care Financing and the DeliverySystem. M. S. Marquis, S. H. Long. 1999.

In July 1989, the income limit on Medicaid eligibility forpregnant women in Florida was increased from 100% to150% of the poverty level. This study estimated changesin the flows of funds and services by major payer groups

during the period preceding expansion (July 1988-June1989) and for calendar year 1991. The number of birthsfinanced annually by Medicaid in Florida increased by47% following the eligibility expansion, from 47,400 in1988–1989 to 69,600 in 1991. This increase stemmedlargely from covered births to women who otherwisewould have been uninsured. The additional prenatal carefinanced by Medicaid was delivered almost entirely bycounty public health departments, which increased theircapacity by more than 100%. Medicaid payments formaternity care increased 39%, from $135 million to $187million, while payments made by the uninsured droppedby 29%. These changes resulted in a 5% rise in hospitalrevenues, despite little change in the number ofadmissions. The Medicaid expansion benefited low-income pregnant women and hospitals in Florida. It isunknown whether the private delivery system would haveaccommodated the increased demand in the absence of thepublic health system response. (Reprinted from FamilyPlanning Perspectives. Vol. 31, No. 3 May-June 1999.)

RP-798 Geographic Variation in Physician Visits forUninsured Children : The Role of the Safety Net. S. H.Long, M. S. Marquis. 1999.

This study examines variation in access to physicianservices for uninsured children in 10 states, the safety net'srole in explaining this variation, and the potential effectsof the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)on insurance coverage and access. Data were drawn fromthe population-based Robert Wood Johnson FoundationFamily Health Insurance Survey, conducted betweensummer 1993 and spring 1994 in 10 states. The analystsestimated the percentage of low-income children who areuninsured and predicted annual physician visits in eachstate if insurance was provided to uninsured children infamilies with incomes of less than 200% of poverty level.They found that low-income children ranged from 6l% to86% of all uninsured children and the uninsured rate forlow-income children varied from 9% to 31 %. On average,providing public coverage would increase annualphysician visits from 2.3 to 4.6 (a 105% increase), but theincrease would range from 41 % to 189% across states.The annual physician visit rate in the 3 states with thehighest access for the uninsured was 160% of that in the 3lowest-access states. Safety net capacity in the high-accessstates ranged from 120% to 220% of that in the low-accessstates. These data suggest that the potential effects ofCHIP vary substantially across states. Notably,improvements in access to health care by uninsured low-income children should be greater in states with the fewestsafety net resources. (Reprinted from Journal of theAmerican Medical Association. Vol. 281, No. 21. June 2,1999.)

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RP-799 Fox Trot: Seeking Preparedness for MilitaryUrban Operations. R. W. Glenn. 1999.

Today's U.S. armed forces are at a crossroad, a breakbetween the way urban operations have been conducted inthe past and the manner in which they will be carried outin the future. The past has demonstrated that combat inbuilt-up areas is costly in terms of friendly force lives andmore expensive yet for noncombatants. The route ahead isvirgin terrain; the American public's seeming intoleranceof military and civilian casualties rules out attacking citieswith massive firepower as U.S. forces did 50 years ago.

RP-800 U.S. Abortion Policy and Fertility. J. A.Klerman. 1999.

The U.S. total fertility rate fell sharply beginning in theearly 1960s, dropping to below the replacement level in1972, and to well below the replacement level in the late1970s. Also in this period, abortion was legalized inseveral states and then nationally and state policy aboutfunding abortions through their Medicaid programs alsochanged. (Reprinted from American Economic Review.Vol. 89, No. 2. May 1999.)

RP-801 Is Europe Soft on Terrorism? B. Hoffman.1999.

(Reprinted from Foreign Policy. Summer 1999.)

RP-802 Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The DualRelation Between Health and Economic Status. J. P.Smith. 1998.

There is abundant evidence of a quantitatively largeassociation between measures of economic status andhealth outcomes, such as mortality or morbidity. However,considerable debate remains about the direction ofcausation and about why the association arises. Medicalscientists are convinced that the dominant pathway is thatvariation in socioeconomic status produces healthdisparities, and they are increasingly debating amongthemselves about why low economic status leads to poorhealth. Economists are now exploring the impact that poorhealth has on economic resources. This work cautionsagainst exaggerating the magnitude of one-directioncausation from economic status to health outcomes. Thefirst section of this paper documents the size of associationbetween health and household wealth. The next sectionexamines why health may alter household savings andwealth, and estimates the empirical magnitude of theseeffects. The third section summarizes major controversiesand evidence surrounding the links between economicstatus and health. (Reprinted from Journal of EconomicPerspectives. Vol. 13, No. 2. Spring 1999.)

RP-803 Class Size Reduction in California: EarlyEvaluation Findings, 1996-1998. G. W. Bohrnstedt, B. M.Stecher. 1999.

RP-805 Academic Skills at Work: Two Perspectives.C. Stasz, D. J. Brewer. 1998.

Educators, employers and policymakers are interested inacademic skills because changes at work require differentschool preparation if youth are to make a successfultransition to employment. Two perspectives for studyingskills identified issues in defining and measuring skillrequirements for school programs. The two perspectivesshare the view that skilled behavior is multivariate, anddetailed case studies demonstrate how academic skillrequirements are contextually bound. The learningenvironments should reflect potential uses for theknowledge being taught. Technology education shouldmake explicit connections to academic skills and, aboveall, promote an understanding of why a particularapplication works. Results from this project are far fromconclusive. To further explore multivariate relationshipsamong skills and to sort out the relative importance ofeducation versus experience in rewarding labor marketperformance, the authors need better information abouttypes of jobs, and more reliable data on non-academicskills from a larger population. (Reprinted from NationalCenter for Research in Vocational Education. MDS-1193.May 1999.)

RP-806 Information Superiority and Game Theory:The Value of Information in Four Games. R. E. Darilek,J. Bracken. 1999.

(Reprinted from Phalanx. Vol. 31, No. 4. Dec. 1998.)

RP-808 Do We Need an Empirical Research Agendaon Judicial Independence? D. R. Hensler. 1999.

(Reprinted from Southern California Law Review. Vol.72, Nos. 2–3. January/March 1999.)

RP-809 Newspaper Coverage of Automotive ProductLiability Verdicts. S. Garber, A. Bower. 1999.

Media coverage of litigation may affect perceptions andthereby behavior of litigants, judges, juries, legislators andbusiness decisionmakers. Their behavior influencesvarious legal, social, political and economic outcomes. Forproduct liability verdicts during 1983 to 1996 involvingautomobile manufacturers, the authors examine theamount of coverage in several dozen newspapers. Theauthors find almost no articles reporting on any of 259verdicts for the defendant. Econometric analysis focuseson determinants of the amount of coverage of 92 verdictsfor plaintiffs, 16 of which include punitive damages. Keydeterminants include the award amount, the nature ofinjuries, the vehicle's recall history, and especially the

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existence of a punitive component of damages regardlessof its size. (Reprinted from Law and Society Review. Vol.33, No. 1.)

RP-810 The Frequency of Excess Claims forAutomobile Personal Injuries. A. F. Abrahamse, S. J.Carroll. 1999.

Over the past 15 years, automobile insurance premiums,particularly for personal injury coverage, have grownrapidly across the country. Stiff increases in insurancepremiums are burdensome for everyone. High insurancepremiums, especially problematic for low-incomepopulations, are an incentive to drive uninsured,exacerbating the uninsured motorist problem. Debatesover auto insurance costs generally feature clashingperspectives, but nearly everyone agrees that wheninsurance companies pay compensation for nonexistentinjuries, the costs are reflected in higher insurance bills foreveryone. But how much excess claiming is there? Thisstudy analyzes the patterns of personal injury claimssubmitted across the states to estimate the extent of"excess claiming," claims for alleged injuries that areeither nonexistent or unrelated to the accident. The studyconfirms the well-known assertion that the United Statestort liability system provides incentives to submit excessclaims for auto injuries, and provides empirically basedestimates of how much excess claiming exists.

RP-812 Direct Contracts, Data Sharing and EmployeeRisk Selection: New Stakes for Patient Privacy inTomorrow's Health Insurance Markets. D. M. Studdert.1999.

(Reprinted from American Journal of Law and Medicine.Vol. 25, Nos. 2 and 3. 1999.)

RP-813 The Information Revolution and PoliticalOpposition in the Middle East. J. D. Green. 1999.

(Reprinted from MESA Bulletin. Vol. 33. 1999.)

RP-814 Pooled Purchasing: Who Are the Players? S.H. Long, M. S. Marquis. 1999.

Data from the 1997 Robert Wood Johnson FoundationEmployer Health Insurance Survey provide the firstnational estimates of the prevalence of pooled purchasingunder all major arrangements. About one-quarter of allbusiness participate in a pool; smaller businesses are morelikely to participate, and there is substantial geographicvariation in the prevalence of pool participation. Poolingappears to have modest positive effects on the availabilityof employee choice among plans (especially healthmaintenance organizations) and on the availability ofinformation about plan quality. On the other hand, poolingas now construed does not seem to have enhanced the

accessibility or affordability of insurance to employers.(Reprinted from Health Affairs. July/Aug. 1999.)

RP-815 Cost-Containment and Adverse Selection inMedicaid HMOs. D. P. Goldman, A. A. Leibowitz, J.Buchanan. [1999]

Examines whether substituting a health maintenanceorganization (HMO) for traditional fee-for-service (FFS)Medicaid insurance reduces the cost of children's healthcare. In nonrandomized settings, unobserved selectioncould bias estimates of HMO performance. To control forselection, researchers often rely on parametric assumptionsor use instrumental-variables methods. We pursued adifferent approach based on semiparametric maximum-likelihood techniques, which Monte Carlo studies haveshown to be quite robust in many contexts. We appliedthis model to data from a self-selected sample of childrenin either a Medicaid HMO or traditional FFS in Florida.After controlling for selection, we estimated that the HMOreduced expenditures by 9.1%. A simple model assumingno selection predicts no savings. We validated ourestimates by comparing our results with those obtainedfrom a randomized sample of HMO and FFS enrollees.These comparisons indicate that the HMO reducesexpenditures by 13.6%. We conclude that selection cansubstantially bias estimates of HMO impact and that ourapproach .provides a potentially useful method foraccounting for this bias. (Reprinted from Journal of theAmerican Statistical Association. Vol. 93, No. 441. 1998.)

RP-818 Supplemental Security Income (SSI),Disability Insurance (DI), and Substance Abusers. C. R.Gresenz, K. W. Webb, D. Podus. 1999.

Federal legislation repealed Supplemental Security Income(SSI) and Disability Insurance (DI) for alcohol and drugabusers as of January 1997. This article outlines thecontext in which the legislation was passed andsummarizes concerns resulting from the legislation. Theauthors discuss the effects of the legislation on treatmentparticipation, financing, and availability, and thelegislation's impact on individuals with dual mental healthand substance abuse problems. They also consider theindividual and societal implications of substance abusers'loss of monthly income and health insurance. (Reprintedfrom Community Mental Health Journal. Vol. 34, No. 4.Aug. 1998.)

RP-825 Health and Cost Benefits of ChlamydiaScreening in Young Women. R. Mangione-Smith, J.O'Leary, E. A. McGlynn. 1999.

The Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set(HEDIS) is a set of performance measures used to assessthe quality of care delivered in managed care plans.Chlamydia screening among young women is one new

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measure recently adopted by the National Committee forQuality Assurance for inclusion in HEDIS. An essentialcriterion for new measures is that the clinical interventionis beneficial to health and cost-effective. The study seeksto assess the health benefits and cost-effectiveness ofchlamydia screening among young women. Articlesaddressing the epidemiology of chlamydia infection, itshealth consequences, and the benefits, problems and cost-effectiveness of chlamydia screening were reviewed. Theauthors conclude that the National Committee for QualityAssurance's recent adoption of the measure for chlamydiascreening among young women into the formal HEDISmeasurement set is justifiable from a health benefitstandpoint and from a cost-effectiveness standpoint.(Reprinted from Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Vol. 26,No. 6. 1999.)

RP-827 Use of Chiropractic Services from 1985Through 1991 in the United States and Canada. E. L.Hurwitz, I. D. Coulter, A. H. Adams, B. J. Genovese, P. G.Shekelle. 1999.

Presents perhaps the best data on the use of chiropracticservices from 1985–1991 in the United States and Canada.It is based on a sample of 130 chiropractors in five U.S.sites and 1 Canadian site. Sixty-eight percent of theselected charts from these chiropractors showed that carewas sought for low back pain; 32% recorded care for otherreasons. Eighty-three percent of all charts containedevidence of spinal manipulative therapy. Per episode ofcare across sites, there was greater than a twofolddifference in the median number of visits related to lowback pain. The chiropractic visit rates in the United Statesand Ontario are estimated to be about 100 and 140 visitsper 100 person-years, respectively — use rates that caretwice those of estimates made 15 years ago. The greatmajority of patients receive care for musculoskeletalconditions of the back and neck, and number of visits perepisode varies appreciably by site. This informationshould help us understand better what is happening in theuse of chiropractic services in North America and shouldhelp in determining how to evaluate the quality of care andoutcome of care for those services. (Reprinted fromAmerican Journal of Public Health. Vol. 88, No. 5. May1998.)

RP-830 Goal Conflict in Juror Assessments ofCompensatory and Punitive Damages. M. C. Anderson,R. J. MacCoun. 1999.

Recent tort reform debates have been hindered by a lack ofknowledge of how jurors assess damages. Two studiesinvestigated whether jurors are able to appropriatelycompartmentalize compensatory and punitive damages. InStudy I, mock jurors read a trial summary and were askedto assess compensatory and punitive damages in one ofthree conditions: (a) compensatory damages only, (b)

punitive damages for the plaintiff, or (c) punitive damagesfor the state treasury. Results suggest that jurors who didnot have the option to award punitive damages inflatedcompensatory damages via pain and suffering awards.Jurors were marginally more likely to award punitivedamages when the plaintiff was the recipient. Mock jurorsin Study 2 read a similar case summary and were asked toassess compensatory and punitive damages. Two factorswere varied in Study 2: (a) egregiousness of thedefendant's conduct, and (b) the recipient of any punitivedamages (the plaintiff vs. a consortium of state funds).Jurors were more likely to award punitive damages whenthe defendant's conduct was more egregious and when theplaintiff was the recipient. The results suggest leakagebetween compensatory and punitive damage judgments,contrary to the law's mandate. (Reprinted from Law andHuman Behavior. Vol. 23, No. 3. 1999.)

RP-833 The Measurement and Structure ofHousehold Wealth. F. T. Juster, J. P. Smith, F. Stafford.1999.

(Reprinted from Labour Economics. Vol. 6. 1999.)

RP-834 Drug Use Measures: What Are They ReallyTelling Us? P. Reuter. 1999.

Available indicators on drug use tell a confusing story.Although surveys show that drug use has declined in thegeneral population since 1980, direct measures of use,such as the number of drug-related deaths, have beenincreasing steadily. The extent of the nation's drugproblems cannot be measured by estimating the number ofpersons using illicit drugs. General surveys mask aconsiderable change in drug-use patterns. Analysis andreconciliation of various indicators, along with a solidunderstanding of patterns of use, can reveal differencesamong segments of the population and can help todistinguish among, for example, the teenage marijuanauser, the occasional user of cocaine, and the crack cocaine-or heroin-dependent person for whom drug use is a careerrather than an event. It can also help policymakers andcommunity leaders tailor drug prevention and reductionprograms to particular audiences—high school students,criminal offenders, or particular age or racial groups.(Reprinted from National Institute of Justice Journal. Apr.1999.)

RP-836 Retiree Health Benefits and RetirementBehavior: Implications for Health Policy. L. A. Karoly, J.A. Rogowski. 1999.

The near elderly are a vulnerable population group, withexpected high medical expenditures. Unless blind ordisabled, they do not qualify for public insurance(Medicare or Medicaid), and options for purchase ofhealth insurance in private individual markets are equally

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restricted. Preexisting conditions may be excluded, andsome persons in poor health are not insurable at all. Forthose who are insurable, premium costs in individualmarkets may be prohibitively high. Older workerscontemplating early retirement must therefore relyprimarily on employment-based health insurance untilthey are eligible for Medicare. This study considers howolder workers' retirement behavior is affected by access toemployment-based health insurance policy initiatives,including continuation and portability mandates andchanges in the way firms must account for retiree healthbenefits in earnings statements. A discussion of the effectsof other policy changes is also provided to create aframework in which future policy options may beevaluated.

RP-837 Euroland, Open for Business. R. A. Levine.1999.

The European Monetary Union (EMU) was created lastJanuary 1. Its eleven members, all large economies exceptthe United Kingdom, have a fixed exchange rate amongtheir currencies and a single monetary policy set by theEuropean Central Bank in Frankfurt. By July 1, 2002,there will be a single currency, the euro. The change isimmensely significant for world prosperity and stability."Euroland," a favorite name among Germans, may becomeas politically and militarily powerful as the United States.For the EMU to fulfill its potential, however, toughquestions must be answered. What will be the effect of theEMU on European economic growth? What will be theeffect on European integration? A successful EMU couldlead to a Europe at least as loosely confederal, if not moretightly federal — that is its real potential. Realization ofthe potential will depend on wise policy, particularly onrelaxation of the current stringent economic orthodoxyinherited from the 1970s and 1980s. For the United States,EMU success will create a powerful new competitor butalso a partner to share the burden of world leadership.(Reprinted from The Atlantic Monthly. Nov. 1999.)

RP-839 Simultaneous Polydrug Use Among Teens:Prevalence and Predictors. R. L. Collins, P. L. Ellickson,R. M. Bell. 1999.

The use of two or more substances in combination,simultaneous polydrug use (SPU), is a particularlydangerous form of drug use that appears to be establishedby late adolescence. The authors examined the prevalenceof SPU in a diverse sample of 12th graders, and identifiedrisk and protective factors for SPU that are present at 10thgrade. The authors also tested for differences in SPUacross race and gender, and explored the basis forobserved differences. The study goals were to determinethe extent of SPU problems in different groups and how toaddress these problems. Twenty-nine percent ofparticipants had engaged in SPU in the past year. The best

predictors of alcohol/marijuana SPU were a pro-drugenvironment, pro-drug beliefs, social deviance, and familydisruption; only a pro-drug environment was predictive ofhard drug SPU. Women were far less likely to combinemarijuana and alcohol than were men. Asian Americanswere less likely to combine alcohol and marijuana thanwere other racial groups, apparenty due to theiradvantaged standing on all predictors of this behavior.African Americans were less likely to use hard drugs incombination than were other groups. Overall, polydruguse is a substantial problem for older teens. Broader drug-use prevention programs may be sufficient to address SPUinvolving gateway drugs, but reducing drug availabilityappears central to addressing hard drug SPU. (Reprintedfrom Journal of Substance Abuse. Vol. 10, No. 3. 1999.)

RP-840 Functioning and Utility for Current Health ofPatients with Depression or Chronic Medical Conditionsin Managed, Primary Care Practices. K. B. Wells, C. D.Sherbourne. 1999.

(Reprinted from Archives of General Psychiatry. Vol. 56.1999.)

RP-841 Evidence-Based Care for Depression inManaged Primary Care Practices. L. V. Rubenstein, M.Jackson-Triche, J. Unutzer, J. Miranda, K. Minnium, M.Pearson, K. B. Wells. 1999.

This paper evaluated whether externally designed,evidence-based interventions for improving care fordepression can be locally implemented in managed careorganizations. The interventions were carried out as part ofa randomized trial involving 46 practices within sixdiverse non-academic managed care organizations. Basedon evaluation of adherence to the intervention protocol,the authors determined that local practice leaders are ableto implement pre-designed interventions for improvingdepression care. Adherence rates for most key interventionactivities were above 70%, and many were near 100%.Three intervention activities fell short of the goal of 70%implementation and should be targets for futureimprovement in clinical practice for depression.(Reprinted from Health Affairs. Vol. 18, No. 5. 1999.)

RP-842 Air Power, Space Power and Geography. B.S. Lambeth. 1999.

In the 1991 Gulf War, the almost immediate suppressionof Iraq's air defenses, along with the combination of newreal-time surveillance systems and precision attackcapabilities, gave air power an edge it had never beforehad. The introduction of low observability ("stealth")technology and the use of space-based assets fornavigation and targeting, such as GPS, have furtherenabled air power, properly used, to achieve strategicobjectives almost from the earliest moments of a joint

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military campaign. But geography continues to limit theability of air power to meet all demands of the joint forcecommander. The generally open terrain of the Persian Gulfarea provided a significant contrast to the morechallenging terrain of Bosnia and Kosovo. And althoughair power would be the key to success in any war thatmight erupt in Korea, it would not by itself be able to halta North Korean ground invasion. The U.S. Air Force isnow moving to establish "Air Expeditionary Forces," builtout of pieces from various units and available to deploy onshort notice to hold the line until more sustained combatoperations could begin. (Reprinted from The Journal ofStrategic Studies. Vol. 22, No. 2/3. June/Sept. 1999.)

RP-843 Parent-Child Coresidence and Quasi-Coresidence in Peninsular Malaysia. ChorS. Ngin, J. S.DaVanzo. 1999.

This paper reports the findings from focus groupdiscussions and ethnographic interviews that wereconducted in 1996 in Malay, Chinese and Indiancommunities in Peninsular Malaysia. Whereas a commonperception in the literature is that formal parent-childcoresidence remains the ideal, many urban participants ofall ethnic groups felt that quasi-coresidence—parents andtheir adult children living nearby and assisting each otherbut not actually coresiding—was a desirable arrangement,but there were different degrees of emphasis and differentmotivations, depending on the traditional pressure oncoresidence and experience with urban living. Multipleforces are shaping decisions regarding intergenerationalliving arrangements, including religion, traditional idealsregarding post-marital residence, labor marketopportunities and women's participation in urbanemployment, availability and cost of housing, needs forchildcare, people's experience with rural and urban living,and the health status and socioeconomic status of theelderly. (Reprinted from Southeast Asian Journal ofSocial Science. Vol. 27, No. 2. 1999.)

RP-844 Coup-Proofing: Its Practice andConsequences in the Middle East. J. T. Quinlivan. 1999.

A number of Middle Eastern states—e.g., Iraq, Syria, andSaudi Arabia—seem to be "coup-proof." That is, theirregimes have created structures that minimize thepossibility that a small group can seize power. Theseinclude effectively exploiting family, ethnic, and religiousloyalties; creation of an armed force parallel to the regularmilitary; development of multiple internal securityagencies with overlapping jurisdiction that constantlymonitor one another; fostering of expertness in the regularmilitary; and adequately financing such measures. Theregime is thus able to create an army that is effectivelylarger than one drawn solely from trustworthy segments ofthe population. These measures, however, lessen the states'usable military power. Nonetheless, Iraq has demonstrated

the ability of a coup-proofed regime to survive despiteoverwhelming military defeat. Key surviving military andsecurity elements, their loyalty to the regime, and theirorganized firepower won out over the poorly armedcivilians and broken military units that opposed themfollowing Iraq's defeat in the Gulf War. (Reprinted fromInternational Security. Vol. 24, No. 2. Fall 1999.)

RP-845 Effects of Changing Medicaid Fees onPhysician Participation and Enrollee Access. A. Coburn,S. H. Long, M. S. Marquis. 1999.

This paper assesses the effects of Medicaid fee changes onphysician participation, enrollee access, and shifts in thesite of ambulatory care using several natural experimentsin Maine and Michigan. The authors use Medicaid claimsand enrollment data to measure these outcomes. Thereimbursement changes included substantial percentagechanges in fees, however the value of the Medicaid feeimprovements relative to the private market eroded veryrapidly in the months following the interventions.Although the fee increases did not improve the outcomemeasures, they might have prevented conditions fromworsening. (Reprinted from Inquiry. Vol. 36, No. 3. Fall1999.)

RP-848 Effectiveness Research and Implications forStudy Design: Sample Size and Statistical Power. R.Sturm, J. Unutzer, W. Katon. 1999.

Most clinical trials have started to incorporate morebroadly defined outcome measures, such as health-relatedquality of life, to complement clinical status measures aswell as direct costs and cost-effectiveness analyses.Contrasting a broad range of outcome and cost measures,the authors analyze the implications for sample sizes andstudy design using data from prior mental health andprimary care studies that span a wide range of practicesettings, patient populations and geographic areas. Whilemeaningful clinical symptomatic differences are oftendetectable with sample sizes of well under 100 per cell,detecting even large changes in health-related quality oflife generally requires several hundred observations percell. Reasonable precision in cost estimates usuallyrequires sample sizes in the thousands. Very few clinicaltrials or observational effectiveness studies thatincorporate quality-of-life or cost measures have suchsample sizes, resulting in many (unreported) null findingsand, due to publication biases favoring significant results,scientific publications that exaggerate true effects. Thisraises issues for the general direction of clinical trials andeffectiveness studies, as well as for how cost and health-related quality of life results based on small studies shouldbe dealt with in publications. (Reprinted from GeneralHospital Psychiatry. Vol. 21. 1999.)

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RP-852 The Design of Healthcare for Communities:A Study of Health Care Delivery for Alcohol, DrugAbuse, and Mental Health Conditions. R. Sturm, C. R.Gresenz, C. D. Sherbourne, K. Minnium, R. Klap, J.Bhattacharya, D. O. Farley, A. S. Young, M. A. Burnam,K. B. Wells. 1999.

There is a shortage of data to inform policy debates aboutthe quickly changing health care system. This paperdescribes Healthcare for Communities (HCC), acomponent of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation'sHealth Tracking Initiative that was designed to fill this gapfor alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health care. HCCbridges clinical perspectives and economic/policy researchapproaches, links data at market, service delivery, andindividual levels, and features a household survey ofnearly 9,600 individuals with an employer follow-backsurvey. Public use files will be available in late 1999.(Reprinted from Inquiry. Vol. 36. Summer 1999.)

RP-865 The Intergenerational Transmission of"Intelligence": Down the Slippery Slopes of The BellCurve. J. Currie, D. Thomas. 1999.

Herrnstein and Murray report that conditional on maternal"intelligence" (AFQT scores), child test scores are littleaffected by variations in socioeconomic status. Using thesame data, the authors demonstrate that their finding isvery fragile. The authors explore the effect of adopting amore representative sample of children, including blacksand Latinos, allowing nonlinearities in the relationships,and incorporating richer measures of socioeconomicstatus. Making any one of these changes overturns theirfindings: Socioeconomic status and child test scores arepositively and significantly related. Evidence is presentedsuggesting AFQT scores are likely better markers forfamily background than "intelligence." (Reprinted fromIndustrial Relations. Vol. 38, No. 3. July 1999.)

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

CF-145-CAPP/AF The People's Liberation Army inthe Information Age. J. C. Mulvenon, R. H. Yang. 1999.

A July 1998 conference, held in San Diego,California,brought together Chinese military experts todiscuss the "non-hardware" side of the People's LiberationArmy's modernization. The result is a comprehensiveexamination of the critical "software" side, covering topicsas diverse as civil-military relations, professionalism,logistics, training, doctrine, systems integration, and forcestructure. The 13 chapters present a picture of a PLA thathas learned much about the right "software" for successfulcombat performance but is facing variable success in

implementing the necessary changes throughout thesystem. The Chinese military's progress in the areasdiscussed in the papers will ultimately determine whetherthe PLA will transform itself into a peer competitor withthe United States in the 21st century or remain merely aregional military power. The conference was sponsoredjointly by the RAND Center for Asia-Pacific Policy andthe Taiwan-based Chinese Council of Advanced PolicyStudies.

CF-146 The RAND Forum on Cuba. E. Gonzalez, R.Nuccio. 1999.

CF-149-CMEPP/GCSP NATO's New StrategicConcept and Peripheral Contingencies: The Middle East.S. Chubin, J. D. Green, F. S. Larrabee. 1999.

On July 15–16, 1999, RAND's Center for Middle EastPublic Policy and the Geneva Center for Security Policyheld a workshop on the likelihood of out-of-area roles forNATO, with emphasis on the Middle East. The 25attendees explored NATO's role in operations beyond itsborders, European capabilities for power projection,Western policy toward the Middle East and the Gulf, theArab-Israel area and external power intervention, andexternal intervention and the Persian Gulf. There was ageneral consensus that any military action required in theGulf or Middle East would probably be carried out by a"coalition of willing" NATO members rather than NATOas an institution. The gap between U.S. power projectioncapabilities and those of Europe is particularly striking inmodern and transport aircraft and in smart weapons. Thedisparity was particularly evident in the Kosovo conflict.Considerable attention was given to Turkey's role inMiddle East affairs, particularly the danger that NATOmight be dragged into a conflict in the Middle East as aresult of a dispute between Turkey and a Middle Easternneighbor. This factor might be complicated by Turkey'srelations with Russia.

CF-151-OSD Research and Development InitiativesFocused on Preventing, Detecting, and Responding toInsider Misuse of Critical Defense Information Systems:Results of a Three-Day Workshop. R. H. Anderson.1999.

It is widely acknowledged that "insider misuse" is one ofthe major threats to (and obstacles to achieving) defenseinformation system security. To combat such misuse, theOffice of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command,Control, Communications, and Information) has requestedthat workshops be conducted to develop recommendationson mitigating insider threats and reducing informationsystem vulnerabilities. These conference proceedingsreport on one such workshop, which included input frommilitary officials, researchers, and industry participants.The workshop's main purpose was to propose technical

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research initiatives regarding how to identify threats andvulnerabilities, how to prevent such threats throughsecurity controls, how to detect that misuse has occurred,and how best to respond to such misuse. The workshopparticipants also identified the need for policies andprocedures including (1) a clear definition of "insider," (2)guidance from legal and law enforcement communitiesregarding the attribution, collection, maintenance,processing, and storage of data to permit proper forensicanalysis and trails that lead to appropriate legalprosecution, (3) cost/benefit analyses that will helpdetermine the true value of new security procedures, (4)technology transfer plans, and (5) support for multiple,diverse, concurrent security approaches.

TESTIMONY

CT-149 Aging Aircraft: Implications for ProgrammedDepot Maintenance and Engine-Supported Costs. R.Pyles. 1999.

CT-151 Military Compensation: Testimony Presentedto the Senate Armed Services Committee, Subcommitteeon Personnel. B. J. Asch, J. R. Hosek. 1999.

CT-152 Ensuring Delivery of Necessary Care in theUnited States: Testimony Presented to the SenateCommittee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. R.H. Brook. 1999.

CT-153 Research on Syringe Exchange Programs inCalifornia: Summary Remarks Made to the CaliforniaSenate Committee on Public Safety, the Senate Committeeon Health and Human Services, and the AssemblyCommittee on Public Safety. R. N. Bluthenthal. 1999.

CT-154 Research on Syringe Exchange Programs inCalifornia: Summary Remarks Made to the CaliforniaAssembly Health Committee. R. N. Bluthenthal. 1999.

CT-155 The Urgent Need for a California AsthmaProgram. Marâ. E. Lara. 1999.

CT-158-1 Iran, Limits to Rapprochement: Statementfor the Committee on Foreign Relations; Subcommittee onNear Eastern and South Asian Affairs. J. D. Green. 1999.

CT-159 NATO's Adaptation and Transformation:Key Challenges. F. S. Larrabee. 1999.

In testimony before the Senate Foreign RelationsCommittee, Subcommittee on European Affairs, theauthor concentrates on what he sees as the three main

challenges facing NATO: (1) adopting a new StrategicConcept which will prepare NATO to meet the challengesit is likely to face in the coming decades; (2) managing theenlargement process in a manner that enhances Europeanstability; and (3) achieving a satisfactory settlement of theKosovo conflict that ensures the realization of NATO'sprincipal objectives and preserves the cohesion of theAlliance.

CT-161 What We Do and Don't Know About theLikely Effects of Decriminalization and Legalization: ABrief Summary. R. J. MacCoun. 1999.

CT-162 Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of FederalMandatory Minimum Sentences and Other FederalEnforcement Programs. P. Reuter, S. M. S. Everingham.1999.

CT-163 Effects of Substance Abuse Parity in PrivateInsurance Plans under Managed Care. R. Sturm. 1999.

CT-164 A Review of the Scientific Literature as ItPertains to Gulf War Illnesses: Pyridostigmine Bromide.B. A. Golomb, C. R. Anthony. 1999.

CT-165 The Pace of CalWORKs Implementation. J.A. Klerman. 1999.

PAPERS

P-8035 Managing Wastes with and WithoutPlutonium Separation. B. Chow, G. S. Jones. 1999.

P-8036 European Security After 2000: An AmericanPerspective. M. Van Heuven. 1999.

This paper—given as a speech in The Hague in December1998—presents relevant elements of four broad themesmaking up a picture of European security over the nextdecade. The first is the nature of Europe, an issue which isnot yet settled. the second is four trends: the evolution ofRussia, the rise of the market state, the unification ofGermany, and the weakness of European institutions.Third is the transatlantic agenda, particularly the need toengage Russia, to proceed with European integration, andto face the consequences of globalization. Last are thetasks ahead: To build on common values, to strengthenEuropean institutions, to bring all European countries intothe process of European integration, to develop the so-called Transatlantic Agenda, and to focus NATO onthreats from beyond NATO's borders.

P-8038 The Two Koreas in 1998: Dealing withAdversity. N. D. Levin. 1999.

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For Koreans on both sides of the divided peninsula, 1998was a year of considerable adversity. Although the natureand extent of this adversity differed greatly between thetwo countries, the resulting challenges tested bothseverely. This analysis reviews the major developments in1998 in both North and South Korea, as well as in North-South relations, and contrasts the respective responses.These sharply divergent responses tell much about theunderlying fundamentals of the two systems. How theyplay out in the coming year will shape the short-termoutlook for each country and help determine longer-termprospects for regional security. It also will help answerbasic questions raised by developments in 1998 about keyassumptions underlying Western policies.

P-8039-1 Terrorism and Weapons of MassDestruction: An Analysis of Trends and Motivations. B.Hoffman. 1999.

Although the conventional wisdom previously held thatterrorists were more interested in publicity than in killing,recent terrorist attacks—such as the 1995 nerve gas attackin a Tokyo subway and the bombing of a federalgovernment office building in Oklahoma City—haveeither crossed into the domain of use of weapons of massdestruction (WMD) or involved the deliberate infliction oflarge numbers of casualties. This paper examines threereasons that may account for terrorism's increasinglethality: (1) the proliferation of religious terrorism, inwhich violence assumes a transcendental dimension; (2)the rise of "amateur" terrorists—loosely organized groupsof individuals with particular grievances who are able togain WMD expertise from publicly available sources; and(3) the growing sophistication and competence ofprofessional terrorist organizations. A confluence of newmotives, opportunities, and capabilities could impel any ofthese groups to employ a chemical, biological, or nuclearweapon or radioactive device. Given even the possibilityof future terrorist use of such weapons, no nation canafford to consider terrorism to be among its least seriousor complex of security issues.

WHITE PAPERS

WP-119 Reactive Armor Tiles for Army and MarineCorps Armored Vehicles : An Independent Report to theDepartment of Defense and the United States Congress. J.Pinder. 1999.

This independent report on the results of a congressionallymandated study of reactive armor (RA) tiles for U.S.Army and Marine Corps armored vehicles was submittedto Congress in April 1999. It relies on an extensivesupporting analysis conducted by the U.S. Army Materiel

and Systems Analysis Activity in cooperation with theU.S. Army Research Laboratory. The study focused ontwo Army vehicles, the Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV)and the M113 family of vehicles. Three types of RA tileswere evaluated: the current "production" BFV tile, a new"1–2 year" developmental M113 tile, and a more advanced"2-3 year" design. All of these designs significantlyimproved vehicle survivability, but the 2-3 year tilesprovided the most robust protection for both vehiclesagainst likely 2005 threats. In the case of the M113,however, the somewhat lighter and less costly 1-2 yeartiles might be preferred in situations where advancedthreats are not so prevalent. The report makes severalpolicy recommendations: (1) The Army should develop anew universal enhanced RA tile based on the 2-3 yeardesign for both the BFV and the M113, at an estimatedcost of $11 million. This effort should include thedevelopment of an optimum coverage pattern for theweight-constrained M113A3 tile sets. (2) Enoughadditional production tile sets should be procured to equipa substantial portion of the BFVs in the Army'sContingency Response Forces, and a sufficient number ofthe new enhanced tile sets should be procured to outfit anadditional brigade of BFVs. At least this many M113A3enhanced tile sets should also be procured, plus enoughadditional sets to meet identified needs. (3) Furtherresearch should be done on the need for RA tiles onM113s in their typical roles and missions, and on theappropriateness of RA for urban operations. Also, theMarine Corps and the Army should consider whether thenew universal RA tile would be appropriate for othervehicles in the future, especially those being consideredfor the Army After Next.

WP-120 Maintaining the Army's "Smart Buyer"Capability in a Period of Downsizing. K. P. Horn, C.Wong, E. I. Axelband, P. Steinberg, I. Y. Chang. 1999.

Today, the Army possesses a competent "smart buyer"(SB) capability. But unless corrective measures are takenshortly, the effect of downsizing the federal governmentworkforce may undermine the Army's future SBcapability. This white paper sets out to identify what isneeded to counteract the effect of personnel downsizingthrough changes/efficiencies in the SB capability andworkforce. Arroyo Center research over the last severalyears has found three ingredients required to provide agood SB capability: (1) a collaborative researchenvironment, (2) communications with users, and (3) acadre of talented and trained technical staff. Providing thefirst ingredient will entail implementing new ways ofdoing business using acquisition-reform initiatives thatpermit leveraging of the other services and governmentagencies and partnering with industry. Providing thesecond might entail developing organizationalrealignments that allow close two-way SB

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communications. To provide the third, the Army shouldexploit the full range of recruiting tools to attract the mostpromising candidates, implement career developmentopportunities to ensure that employees can perform the SBfunction, and create influences to encourage talented andpromising SBs to stay.

DOCUMENTED BRIEFINGS

DB-230-OSD Analyzing the Effects of AirfieldResources on Airlift Capacity. J. P. Stucker, L. M.Williams. 1999.

This research investigated how differing levels anddistributions of airfield resources can affect the quantity ofairlift deliveries. Specifically, the study demonstrates thecombined use of two models to improve and facilitate theanalysis of the effects of airfield resources on airliftperformance. One model is ACE (Airfield CapacityEstimator), a relatively high-resolution model of airfieldresources and operations; the other is NRMO (NavalPostgraduate School/RAND Mobility Optimization), alarge-scale linear-programming model of military airlift.Using a scenario provided by the Air Force's Air MobilityCommand (AMC) of a major war in Southwest Asia, theRAND analysts showed how ACE and NRMO togethercould complement AMC's models and analyses and howthe ACE/NRMO estimates might expand or validate thoseof AMC. The study validated AMC's conclusion that thecurrent European en route infrastructure wouldsignificantly constrain deliveries of major cargoes during amajor deployment to Southwest Asia. Both RAND andAMC estimated that current en route resource shortageswould reduce cargo deliveries by roughly 20 percent fromwhat they could be if those shortages did not exist.Moreover, the study expanded AMC's findings (a) bydemonstrating the sensitivity of deliveries to assumptionsconcerning aircraft ground times at the on-load, en route,and off-load airfields and (b) by demonstrating how abetter distribution of existing en route resources couldsignificantly increase the amount of cargo delivered duringthe first 30 days of the conflict. The study illustrates thatACE and NRMO can augment the strategic mobilityanalyses needed by the Office of the Secretary of Defenseand others by detecting capabilities and providing insightsthat are not available from other models. The report shouldbe of interest to deployment planners and to air mobilityresource programmers and managers.

DB-236-JS Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR)Analysis: A Retrospective Look at Joint StaffParticipation. J. Schrader, L. Lewis, R. A. Brown. 1999.

The 1996 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) wasintended to evaluate the state of the U.S. military andpropose improvements. RAND was asked to review theJoint Staff's participation in the QDR and to makerecommendations to aid future reviews. As this studyshows, the QDR goal of integrating processes andorganizations was not successful. For a variety of reasons,primarily the lack of external pressure for a seriousreview, the QDR did little to change the status quo. One ofRAND's most crucial recommendations was the need forthe Joint Staff to increase its involvement and improve itsposition as an "integrator" during the course of the reviewprocess. Many of RAND's suggestions are already beingimplemented. This should be further encouraged throughleadership reviews of the state of the analytical "toolbox"and examinations of major issues in the QDR. It isimperative that the Joint Staff increase its role in futurereviews because only when a serious program to developcapabilities and take responsibilities is implemented willmilitary judgments be translated into effective advice.

DB-241-OSD Financial Management ProblemsAmong Enlisted Personnel. P. Tiemeyer, C. Wardynski,R. J. Buddin. 1999.

This documented briefing describes the financial well-being of enlisted military personnel. It provides evidenceof the extent of personal financial problems in the military,describing how financial problems vary with thedemographics of the military and with particular aspects ofthe military work environment. The study also examineswhich types of members receive financial assistance andwhat types of programs they use. The authors find thatyoung enlisted personnel frequently experiencesignificant financial management problems, which maystem in part from youthful irresponsibility and naivete.However, the military services must ensure that they arenot contributing to members' financial problems in anyway. Financial management classes currently beingoffered at some bases should be systematically evaluatedto determine their effectiveness.

DB-242-A Predicting Military Innovation. J. A.Isaacson, C. Layne, J. Arquilla. 1999.

Although military technology is increasingly available andaffordable, not all states have the capacity to improvemilitary effectiveness by acquiring hardware. Integrativedifficulties—in command structures, doctrine and tactics,training, and support—are common in the developingworld, and many states will have to find some level ofinnovation to overcome such difficulties if they are to usemilitary technologies effectively. This annotated briefingdocuments a research effort aimed at understanding andpredicting how militaries may improve their battlefieldeffectiveness. The briefing first analyzes militaryinnovation conceptually and then formulates a framework

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for predicting the likelihood of innovative success. Theresearch synthesizes a broad literature on innovation andprovides a useful tool for assessing future militarydevelopments.

DB-246-OSD What Are Asymmetric Strategies? B.W. Bennett, C. P. Twomey, G. F. Treverton. 1999.

The 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) evaluatedfuture U.S. strategy and force structure. It paid particularattention to asymmetric threats that attack vulnerabilitiesnot appreciated by the United States and capitalize onlimited U.S. preparations against such threats. Thesethreats rely primarily on concepts of operation, such as anadversary using chemical and biological weapons to attriteand disrupt U.S. forces, that differ fundamentally fromthose employed by the United States. The threats also canemploy new or different weapons. U.S. conventionalsuperiority has forced adversaries to consider asymmetricthreats. Aymmetric strategies are not new; much ofmilitary history and theory focuses on asymmetricchallenges. But the United States often fails to appreciatethese threats, and therefore does not adequately prepare forthem. In modern warfare, the performance of U.S. forcescould be substantially degraded if they are faced withthreats for which they are inadequately prepared, includingthe needed doctrine, operational concepts, military R&Dand acquisitions, force structure and force posture, andtraining. While U.S. doctrine as explained in Joint Vision2010 calls for "full-dimensional protection" of U.S. forces,such protection is extremely expensive and does notpresently exist.

DB-247-NASA/OSTP Data Policy Issues andBarriers to Using Commercial Resources for Mission toPlanet Earth. S. Pace, B. Sponberg, M. K. Macauley.1999.

The United States is pursuing several major initiativesaimed at characterizing and understanding the interactionsbetween localities and global change in the environment.The largest single effort in this research is NASA'sMission to Planet Earth and a planned system of satellitesand ground networks known as the Earth ObservationSystem. This RAND study assesses the data policy issuesand barriers to using commercial resources to support theobjectives of this program. Its main objectives were toprovide an overview of U.S. and international data policyissues affecting remote sensing data, to identify potentialdata policy barriers to the use of commercial remotesensing data in NASA's program, and to providerecommendations on how NASA and private industry maybe able to reduce barriers to the use of commercial remotesensing to meet the needs of NASA and broader U.S.policy objectives.

D B - 2 5 0 - U S M C Marine Corps SourcingCompetitions: Historical Performance and Directions forImprovement. N. Y. Moore, R. Eden, M. Y. D. Wang.1999.

Marine Corps leaders recognize the need to improvesupport to expeditionary forces. To help explore optionsfor improving logistics, the Marine Corps asked RAND toundertake a three-part research effort to (1) analyze thetotality of logistics initiatives, (2) measure order-and-shipand repair-cycle times, and (3) examine outsourcingoptions. This documented briefing summarizes ourresearch on outsourcing history and options. It examinesthe Marine Corps' past sourcing competition experienceand those commercial activities that are available forsourcing competition; reviews the Marine Corps' plans forfuture sourcing competitions to develop savings formodernization; and recommends actions to improve theefficiency, effectiveness, and outcomes of future sourcingcompetitions. Recommended next steps related to sourcingcompetitions for USMC installations are to developmetrics and measure performance of all key activities in-house and on contract; improve processes, when quick andcheap to do; develop baseline inventory of currentcontracts; identify near-term, low-risk, high-payoffactivities for competitions and assign to teams forexecution; and review and reclassify commercial activitiesaccording to current USMC plans and commercialcapabilities. For Headquarters, recommended next stepsare to develop a USMC-wide Base Commercial Activitiessourcing initiative; select and agree on initial targets forexit businesses and contract bundling; and develop amore-efficient and more-effective sourcing process. Thisdocument should be of interest to Marine Corps personnelinvolved with planning or executing servicingcompetitions.

DB-258-A The Army After Next: Exploring NewConcepts and Technologies for the Light Battle Force. J.Matsumura, R. Steeb, T. J. Herbert, S. Eisenhard, J.Gordon, M. R. Lees, G. Halverson. 1999.

This document summarizes the initial year's work on theproject "Assessing Advanced Concepts and Technologiesfor the Army After Next (AAN)." At the request ofTRADOC, Deputy Chief of Staff for Doctrine(DCSDOC), RAND Arroyo Center initiated this projectabout halfway into FY97. The overall intent of the effortwas to provide force-on-force simulation-based analyticsupport to the AAN initiative and support the series ofwargames. The effort involves the use of high-resolutionconstructive simulation to explore both operationalconcepts and technology options for the light battle forceconcept associated with the AAN initiative. One of the keycapabilities required of the light battle force is an ability tohide and wait for the right opportunity and then create a"virtual ambush," resulting in a shock or disintegration of

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the enemy. This kind of defeat, to some extent, is incontrast to more traditional attrition in that it greatlycompresses the time in which lethality occurs. Essentially,the concept envisions allowing an advancing threat topenetrate, after which the battle force unleashes massivesimultaneous fires from afar and closer in. To accomplishthis, unprecedented amounts of survivability (possibly inthe form of stealth) and lethality (in the form of precsionguided weapons) would be required. Thus, as a startingpoint, the project examined those two critical aspects ofthe light battle force concept via our simulation andmodeling.

DB-260-A/OSD Joint Operations Superiority in the21st Century: Analytic Support to the 1998 DefenseScience Board. J. Matsumura, R. Steeb, E. Isensee, T. J.Herbert, S. Eisenhard, J. Gordon. 1999.

This documented briefing describes RAND research thatsupported the 1998 Defense Science Board (DSB)Summer Study on Joint Operations Superiority in the 21stCentury: Integrating Capabilities Underwriting JointVision 2010. RAND supported the DSB through bothexploratory analysis and high-resolution simulation-basedanalysis; this document only covers the high-resolutionwork, notably simulation experiments to help explore andassess Joint operational concepts. It builds on related workdone by the authors for the DSB effort, Tactics andTechnology for 21st Century Military Superiority (DB-198-A). The current effort draws on outcomes of otherDSB studies, discussions with warfighters, andinteractions with DSB members, to define a range ofdifferent Joint operational concepts that could be appliedto a future (2010–2015) notional, high-intensity, quick-reaction scenario. The strengths and weaknesses of theseconcepts were explored using man-in-the-loop, high-resolution, stochastic constructive simulation in thecontext of a single basic scenario with a number ofvariations. The authors' intention in this work was to (1)provide insights and inputs for a broader, exploratoryRAND analysis for the DSB, (2) increase dialogue amongconceptualizers, users, and developers, and (3) suggestideas to help the DSB take JV 2010 to the next step.

DB-265-A The Use of Microworld Simulations toTrain Theater Level CSS Staffs: Training DevelopmentConsiderations. E. Ettedgui, D. M. Oaks, J. R.Bondanella. 1999.

The Army is in essence reengineering itself under theauspices of Force XXI, and at the same time it is evolvinginto a "force projection Army." Such changes placeincreasing importance on effective combat service support(CSS) command and control (C2). These challenges andchanges to CSS management will occur in an increasinglyinformation-rich and distributed environment. Earlieraspects of this research reported on the opportunity to

reexamine training for support staffs above the divisionlevel and determine how the Army might change itstraining to best prepare for new styles of CSSmanagement. This documented briefing illustrates amicroworld simulation modeling approach that can help tofacilitate changes in structure and content for training CSSstaffs operating as staffs, not for individual training. Theauthors discuss how microworld models can be used totrain CSS processes. Included in the discussion is anoverview of how these models operate and what theprototypes are intended to illustrate in a trainingcurriculum. The briefing concludes with some generallessons learned from developing and testing theseprototype models with an actual training audience, and theauthors suggest how training developers may proceed toredesign mission training plans for higher-level theaterCSS C2 staffs.

DB-270-JS/A "--We Band of Brothers": The Call forJoint Urban Operations Doctrine. R. W. Glenn. 1999.

Recent historical events and changing world demographicscaused the U.S. military to recognize shortfalls in its urbanoperations doctrine. The J8 Urban Working Group (UWG)therefore asked RAND to conduct a study to identifyrequirements in this area. This document summarizes thatstudy, which was conducted in three phases. The first wasa determination of the current status of joint urbanoperations doctrine. The second phase involvedidentification and description of the character such adoctrine should take. The third and final analytical stepwas a compilation of specific requirements that literaturereviews and extensive field interviews dictated should bepart of a U.S. joint MOUT (military operations onurbanized terrain) doctrine. The author determined thaturban operations doctrine was needed and that it should bein the form of a separate joint publication. Subsequent tohis work, the Joint Doctrine Working Party directed thatwork begin on the heretofore nonexistent Joint Publication3–06 (JP 3-06), Doctrine for Joint Urban Operations.

DB-271-NIJ How Youthful Offenders Perceive GunViolence. J. H. Goldberg, W. Schwabe. 1999.

This study explores youthful offenders' perceptions ofrisks involved with carrying or using firearms. Based oninterviews with 36 offenders at Los Angeles Juvenile Hall,the study considers ways youth gun violence might bedeterred. Findings, though preliminary, may be useful informulating strategies for violence reduction in urbansettings.

DB-273-OSD Military Compensation: Trends andPolicy Options. B. J. Asch, J. R. Hosek. 1999.

The diversity of today's military operations, the threat of amajor war, and plans for modernization draw attention to

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the crucial role of defense personnel and, supporting them,well-functioning personnel and compensation systems.Recently, concern has arisen regarding military pay andretention's ability to meet force needs. In this documentedbriefing, the authors provide a detailed analysis showingthat (1) there is a pay gap for officers and senior enlistedpersonnel, but not for junior enlisted personnel, when theirbasic pay growth since 1982 is compared to wage/salarygrowth of similar civilian populations; (2) overall, militarypay has declined by 6.5 percent relative to civilian paysince 1993, though the "official" pay gap shows a declineof only 1.5 percent; (3) this pay decline and lowunemployment rates have contributed to retention andenlistment difficulties; (4) measured by the extent of longor hazardous duty (perstempo), retention had not declineddespite the heightened pace of military operations in themid-1990s; yet, today's pace may be even higher and, ifso, could have a negative retention effect on morepersonnel; (5) over time, military personnel andcompensation systems have been effective in retaininghigh-quality personnel and promoting them into higherranks by providing incentives for high-quality personnel toremain in the military and seek advancement. The authorsalso discuss policy options aimed at amelioratingpersonnel concerns. They conclude that pay raises targetedto those in higher grades supplemented by well-fundedseparation pay incentives, selective reenlistment bonuses,more cost-effective recruiting policies aimed at college-bound youth, and, if desired, offering a thrift savings planwithout matching contributions from the government tohelp service members tax-shelter income for retirement arethe best options. Targeted pay raises can help reduce thesenior enlisted personnel and officer pay gaps and shouldstrengthen the incentives for high-quality personnel toremain in service and exert the effort needed to reachhigher ranks.

DB-278-OSD Analytical Methods for Studies andExperiments on "Transforming the Force". P. K. Davis, J.H. Bigelow, J. McEver. 1999.

The Department of Defense is motivated by bothopportunities and necessity to "transform the force" overthe years ahead by exploiting modern technology andoperational concepts associated with the revolution inmilitary affairs, and by making related organizationalchanges. This documented briefing provides a backgroundreview describing a broad transformation strategy, thendiscusses and illustrates how analysis supported by modelsand simulations (including gaming) can supplement andguide empirical work such as joint experiments. Theapproach is illustrated for the problem of halting aninvading army, with long-range precision fires playing amajor role. A great deal of insight about the generalproblem can be obtained from analysis at different levelsof resolution with a family of models. This process, in

turn, identifies important kinds of information that can beobtained only from empirical work such as joint fieldexperiments. The recommended experiments are thenquite different from those that would probably beaccomplished without the benefit of prior analysis. Failureto approach warfare research with such a model-test-model approach can squander rare opportunities for fieldexperiments and lead to serious misinterpretations oflimited experimental events.

DRAFTS

D R U - 1 8 7 6 - A H C P R Quality of Care forCardiopulmonary Conditions: A Review of the Literatureand Quality Indicators. E. A. Kerr, S. M. Asch, E. G.Hamilton, E. A. McGlynn. 1999.

DRU-1877-AHCPR Quality of Care for OncologicConditions and HIV: A Review of the Literature andQuality Indicators. S. M. Asch, E. A. Kerr, E. G.Hamilton, J. L. Reifel, E. A. McGlynn. 1999.

DRU-1878-AHCPR Quality of Care for GeneralMedical Conditions: A Review of the Literature andQuality Indicators. E. A. Kerr, S. M. Asch, E. G.Hamilton, E. A. McGlynn. 1999.

DRU-1887-LADCA The Arts and Prosocial ImpactStudy: Program Characteristics and Prosocial Effects. A.M. Stone, T. K. Bikson, J. S. Moini, D. McArthur. 1999.

DRU-2014-WB/NIH Measuring Change in Indonesia.K. Beegle, E. Frankenberg, D. Thomas. 1999.

DRU-2018/1-NIA The 1996 Matlab Health andSocioeconomic Survey: Overview and User's Guide. M.O. Rahman, J. A. Menken, A. Foster, C. E. Peterson, M.N. Khan, R. Kuhn, P. Gertler. 1999.

The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Surveyaddresses the following broad areas of concern to ruraladults and the elderly: the effect of socio-economic andbehavioral factors on adult and elderly health status, andhealth care utilization; the linkages between adult/elderlywell-being, social and kin network characteristics andresource flows; and the impact of community services andinfrastructure on adult/elderly health and other humancapital acquisition. This overview and user's guidedescribes the main features of the MHSS, sampling plans,fieldwork, response rates and data quality, plus addressesissues on how to construct analytic files from the data. Formore information on the MHSS, please see the FLS HomePage at www.rand.org/organization /drd/labor/FLS.

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DRU-2018/2-NIA The 1996 Matlab Health andSocioeconomic Survey: Questionnaires for HouseholdSurvey. M. O. Rahman, J. A. Menken, A. Foster, M. N.Khan, C. E. Peterson, R. Kuhn, P. Gertler. 1999.

This document provides the English translations of thequestionnaires used during the household and individualinterviews for the 1996 Matlab Health and SocioeconomicSurvey (MHSS). This document should be useful to usersof the MHSS data and to those designing their ownsurveys in Bangladesh or in other countries. For moreinformation on the MHSS, please see the FLS Home Pageat http://www.rand.org/organization/drd/labor/FLS.

DRU-2018/3-NIA The 1996 Matlab Health andSocioeconomic Survey: Questionnaires forCommunity/Provider Survey. M. O. Rahman, J. A.Menken, A. Foster, M. N. Khan, C. E. Peterson, R. Kuhn,P. Gertler. 1999.

This document provides the English translations of thequestionnaires used during the community and health andeducation provider interviews for the 1996 Matlab Healthand Socioeconomic Survey (MHSS). This documentshould be useful to users of the MHSS data and to thosedesigning their own surveys in Bangladesh or in othercountries. For more information on the MHSS, pleasesee the FLS Home Page at http://www.rand.org/organization/drd/labor/FLS.

DRU-2018/4-NIA The 1996 Matlab Health andSocioeconomic Survey: Codebook for Household Survey.C. E. Peterson, D. Wesley, N. Murray. 1999.

This codebook provides detailed descriptions of all datasubfiles and variables in the MHSS Household survey. Italso presents information on cases that are knownanomalies. The codebook should be used in conjunctionwith the Community/Provider Questionnaires (DRU-2018/3) and the Overview and User's Guide (DRU-2018/1) for the MHSS. The questionnaires provide theEnglish translations of the questions asked. The Overviewand User's Guide gives a detailed description of theCommunity/Provider sample, and addresses issues aboutlinking community data to household data. For moreinformation on the MHSS, please see the FLS Home Pageat www.rand.org/organization /drd/labor/FLS.

DRU-2018/5-NIA The 1996 Matlab Health andSocioeconomic Survey: Code Book forCommunity/Provider Survey. C. E. Peterson, D. Wesley,N. Murray. 1999.

This codebook provides detailed descriptions of all datasubfiles and variables in the MHSS Community/Providersurvey. It also presents information on cases that areknown anomalies. The codebook should be used inconjunction with the Household Questionnaires (DRU-

2018/2) and the Overview and User's Guide (DRU-2018/1) for the MHSS. The questionnaires provide theEnglish translations of the questions asked. The Overviewand User's Guide gives a detailed description of the threeMHSS household samples (Main, DNFS, andOutmigrant), and addresses issues about identifyingindividuals of interest and linking the various subfile typesto produce analytic files. For more information on theMHSS, please see the FLS Home Page atwww.rand.org/organization /drd/labor/FLS.

DRU-2037-NIA Anchoring and Acquiescence Bias inMeasuring Assets in Household Surveys. M. D. Hurd.1999.

DRU-2059-NICHD Lost but Not Forgotten: Attritionin the Indonesian Family Life Survey. D. Thomas, E.Frankenberg, J. P. Smith. 1999.

DRU-2061-NIA Mortality Risk and Consumption byCouples. M. D. Hurd. 1999.

DRU-2064-N IA /N ICHD The Real Costs ofIndonesia's Economic Crisis: Preliminary Findings fromthe Indonesia Family Life Surveys. E. Frankenberg, D.Thomas, K. Beegle. 1999.

DRU-2066-NIA Re-Weighting the SecondSupplement on Aging to the 1994 National HealthInterview Survey for Trend Analysis. H. Aykan, V. A.Freedman, L. G. Martin. 1999.

The Second Supplement on Aging (SOA II) to the 1994National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and theSupplement on Aging (SOA) to the 1984 NHIS wereintended to be two comparable surveys of the elderlypopulation 70 years of age and older. Together thesesurveys may be used to examine changes in a variety ofmeasures relevant to the health and well-being of olderAmericans. The differences in the design andadministration of the two surveys, however, couldcompromise their comparability and thus make itquestionable to obtain unbiased estimates from studiesusing the SOA and the SOA II. In this study, the authorsinvestigate the major differences and their implications.The main difference between the two surveys is that thereis a time lag of 7 to 17 months between the 1994 NHISand the SOA II, whereas the SOA was administered at thesame time as the 1984 NHIS. In addition to potentiallyaffecting comparability, this lag may result in nonrandomattrition. The authors address the issue of comparability byensuring that the results from both surveys aregeneralizable to the same target population. The authorsinvestigate the attrition in the SOA II and find the attritionnonrandom in the bivariate and multivariate analyses. Theauthors develop a re-weighting strategy to account for this

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attrition by devising weighting adjustments to the existingweighting scheme in the SOA II. The authors find thatpopulation counts using the original SOA II weights andthe revised sets of weights substantially differ especiallyby various basic health and disability measures, eventhough differences in percentage distributions are notlarge.

DRU-2073-NIA Insurance Coverage for PrescriptionDrugs: Effects on Use and Expenditures in the MedicarePopulation. L. A. Lillard, J. A. Rogowski, R. Kington.1999.

DRU-2083-EDU Teaching Practices and StudentAchievement: Report of First-Year Findings from the"Mosaic" Study of Systematic Initiatives in Mathematicsand Science. S. P. Klein, L. Hamilton, D. McCaffrey, B.M. Stecher, A. E. Robyn, D. Burroughs, RANDEducation (Institute). 1999.

DRU-2104-BMS Quality Indicators for Hypertension.A. V. Law, S. M. Asch, P. Wallace, K. Connor, J. Hicks,E. A. McGlynn. 1999.

DRU-2122 -HCFA Developing Health PlanPerformance Reports: Responding to the BBA. E. A.McGlynn, J. Adams, J. Hicks, D. Klein. 1999.

DRU-2123-FMC Creating a Coordinated Autos/UAWReporting System (CARS) for Evaluating Health PlanPerformance . E. A. McGlynn, J. Adams, J. Hicks, D.Klein. 1999.

DRU-2162-NSF Strategic Segmentation: TheStrategy-Capabilities Link in Services. B. Keltner. 1999.

Current arguments on the drivers of business performancein the service economy focus on investments ininformation technology, investments in human resources,and investments in developing customer-oriented businessprocesses. This paper advances a new approach tounderstanding competitive performance in the serviceeconomy. Termed the strategic segmentation perspective,this new approach suggests it is not investments inorganizational capabilities alone but the alignment oforganizational capabilities with customer segmentationstrategies that generates competitive advantage. Byaligning organizational capabilities with distributionstrategies that recognize the distinct product and serviceneeds of different customer segments, service companiescan maximize profits from each customer group theyserve. The article draws on case studies of high-performing service companies to show how a strategicapproach to distribution strategies can be used to achievesuperior service performance.

DRU-2163-NSF Segment Strategies and theResource-Based View of the Firm. B. Keltner, B. Jensen.1999.

By demonstrating how distinctive sets of competenciescan contribute to competitive advantage, recent researchon the resource-based view of the firm has provided animportant new perspective on the drivers of corporatestrategy. However, this recent research has yet to addressthe topic of internal differentiation in resourcedevelopment. As markets continue to fragment, multi-unitfirms find it necessary to develop not one unique set ofcomplementary competencies but multiple distinct sets ofcomplementary competencies to respond to the demandsof different customer segments. This paper develops andtests a model of internal differentiation in resourcedevelopment in service organizations. The empiricalresults of the test suggest that alignment between resourcedevelopment and strategy must be achieved at the segmentor business-unit level not the level of the corporateenterprise.

DRU-2164-NSF Information Technology andStrategic Sales Management. B. Keltner, B. Jensen. 1999.

Sales executives normally think of sales management toolsas a way to automate and streamline sales processes (i.e.sales force automation). While delivering importantoperational benefits, sales force automation is just the firststep in realizing the full potential of technology in thesales organization. Companies that fully utilizing salesmanagement tools have moved beyond sales forceautomation technologies to implement strategic sales tools.They draw on technologies that support the analysis ofcustomer and competitor information to improve thestrategic focus of sales activities. They have also movebeyond simply winning sales force acceptance of newsales management technologies to create a sales culturewhere the sales force becomes active contributors to thedevelopment of knowledge about customers andcompetitors.

DRU-2165-NSF From Channel Diversity to ChannelStrategy. B. Keltner. 1999.

The strategic design of sales and service channels hasbecome a key determinant of competitive performance inan increasing number of industries. Based on datacollected in thirty companies in a range of product andservice industries, this paper presents a simple, three stepmethod to help managers use their sales and servicechannels strategically. Step one of the method is to reviewexisting channel options to select a set of channels withthe functionality needed to fully meet target customers'requirements. Step two is to integrate the selected channelsinto a channel band strategy that brings a company'sbusiness strategy effectively forward into the marketplace.

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Step three is to develop techniques for proactivelymanaging customers within and across channel bands.

DRU-2166-NICHD/NIA Grandparent Care andWelfare: Assessing the Impact of Public Policy on Splitand Three Generation Families. A. G. Cox, A. R. Pebley.1999.

DRU-2177-NIA Anticipated and Actual Bequests. M.D. Hurd, J. P. Smith. 1999.

DRU-2180 Conceptualizing Poverty: A Look Insidethe Indonesian Household. V. A. Beard. 1999.

As a result of the recent crisis in Indonesia, the question ofhow to conceptualize poverty is on the forefront of thenation's social and political agenda. Through an in-depthlook inside the Indonesian household, this paper exploresthe continual tension in the poverty literature between the"reductionists" who confine poverty to a limited set ofvariables, and the "generalists" who believe that poverty isa broader, more complex phenomena. Through theanalysis of an ethnographic case study based inYogyakarta, Indonesia, this paper examines how localresidents conceptualize poverty. Residents identifiedmultiple facets of poverty, including: food insecurity,inadequate income and employment, single incomehouseholds, inequality, inability to keep pace withmodernization, and social exclusion. In addition, residentsdescribed poverty as "a lack of everything"—serbakekurangan. This conceptualization provides insight intothe interaction among the various facets of poverty that inturn make poverty a dynamic and intractable process. Thefinding is congruent with the "generalist" view of povertyand is significant for policymakers as they formulatealleviation strategies.

DRU-2215-NICHD Marriage, Assets, and Savings. J.Lupton, J. P. Smith. 1999.

This paper explores the relationship between householdtype and asset accumulation. Householders aredistinguished principally along standard demographiclines—whether they marry, divorce, separate, or becomewidowed. Recently, new data have become available thatplace far more emphasis on the breadth and quality ofasset measurement. One of these new surveys—the Healthand Retirement Survey (HRS)—is ideal for depicting thenature and magnitude of wealth disparities acrosshouseholds. Wealth is one of the core modules, and, as aresult, considerable survey resources and time were spentin improving the quality and inclusiveness of the assetinformation collected. Unfortunately, at the current timeonly baseline HRS data are available. To model thedynamic process of household accumulation, the 1984 and1989 wealth modules of the Panel Study of IncomeDynamics (PSID) are used.

DRU-2226-NICHD/NIA The Quality of RetrospectiveReports in the Malaysian Family Life Survey. M. Beckett,J. S. DaVanzo, N. M. Sastry, C. W. A. Panis, C. E.Peterson. 1999.

RAND EUROPE DOCUMENTS

Copies of the documents in this section may be obtainedfrom RAND Europe, Newtonweg 1, 2333 CP Leiden, TheNetherlands; 31 71 524 5161 (phone); 31 71 524 5191(fax).

RE-99.001 Zout Is Niet Zoet: De Schepenwet En DeRaad Voor De Transportveiligheid. J. P. Kahan, B. S. vande Kerke, J. A. Stoop. 1999.

RE-99.004 Vlootontwikkeling: Ten Behoeve VanHet Directoraat-General Rijksluchtvaartdienst, DirectieVervoer En Infrastructuur, Beleidsgroep AlgemeenMilieu- En Ruimtelijke Ordening. B. Veldman, A. J.Kappers, B. S. van de Kerke, J. Vader. 1999.

RE-99.005.2 Evaluatiemethodologie Voor HetLearning-by-Doing-Traject Van DTO. Bijlagen:Vragenformulieren En Checklists. J. Vader, O. van deRiet, J. P. Kahan. 1999.

RE-99.006 Een Open Dakraam: Voor DeVerbouwing Tot Integrale Raad Voor DeTransportveiligheid. J. P. Kahan, E. Frinking, B. S. vonde Kerke. 1999.

RE-99.007 Dataport Rotterdam, Final Report. A.Rahman, S. Bosman. 1999.

RE-99.008 Changing Professional Practice in HealthCare: An Annotated Bibliography of Studies ofPerceptions in Guideline Implementation. H. C. Pagliari,J. P. Kahan. 1999.

RE-99.010 The RAND Appropriateness Method: AnAnnotated Bibliography Through June 1999. M. van hetLoo, J. P. Kahan. 1999.

RE-99.013 Berichtgeving En Percepties Ten AanzienVan De Externe Veiligheid Van De Luchtvaart. M. vanhet. Loo, S. Bosman, J. Vader, E. Frinking, J. P. Kahan.1999.

RE-99.018.1 Modalities of R&D Funding. FinalReport: A Comparison of EU Member States. J. A. K.Cave, E. Frinking, K. M. Malone, W. Rossum, R. teVelde, P. Stoneman. 1999.

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JOURNAL ARTICLES AND BOOKCHAPTERS (Not Available from RAND)

LRP-199900-01 School-Based Substance-AbusePrevention: What Works, for Whom, and How? P. L.Ellickson.

(Available from the publisher or libraries.)

LRP-199900-02 The Frequency of Excess Claims forAutomobile Personal Injuries. A. F. Abrahamse, S. J.Carroll.


LRP-199900-03 Estimating the Effects of "No-Pay,No-Play" Auto Insurance Plans on the Costs of AutoInsurance: The Effects of Proposition 213. S. J. Carroll,A. F. Abrahamse.


LRP-199900-04 Prevention of Depressive Symptomsin Preadolescent Children of Divorce. L. S. Zubernis, K.W. Cassidy, J. E. Gillham, K. J. Reivich, L. Jaycox.

This study investigated the efficacy of an interventionprogram (the Depression Prevention Program forChildren), which was successful overall in preventingdepressive symptoms in 5th and 6th grade children, for asubset of those children—those whose parents havedivorced. The 12-week program taught cognitive andsocial problem solving skills to children in group sessionsconducted in their middle schools. There were 59 childrenin the treatment group—thirty-one (31) children fromintact families and 28 children whose parents weredivorced. The children completed the children'sDepression Inventory at pretest, posttest, and at 6-monthintervals after completion for a 2-year period. Theprogram was effective in preventing depressive symptomsin both groups. However, there was a significant group xtime interaction, indicating that for children of divorce, theeffectiveness may begin to diminish over time. Thesefindings are discussed in terms of the various factorswhich might influence the response of children of divorceto this and other interventions. (Reprinted from Journal ofDivorce & Remarriage. Vol. 30, No. 1/2. 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199900-05 Cognitive-Behavioral Theory andTreatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. E. B. Foa, L.Jaycox.


LRP-199900-06 Development of Review Criteria forAssessing the Quality of Management of Stable Angina,

Adult Asthma, and Non-Insulin Dependent DiabetesMellitus in General Practice. S. M. Campbell, M. O.Roland, P. G. Shekelle, J. A. Cantrill, S. A. Buetow, D. K.Cragg.

The objective of this study was to develop review criteriato assess the quality of care for three major chronicdiseases: adult asthma, stable angina, and non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. The results show theimportance of a systematic approach to combiningevidence with expert opinion to develop review criteria forassessing the quality of three chronic diseases in generalpractice. The evidence base for the criteria was oftenincomplete, and explicit methods need to be used tocombine evidence with expert opinion where evidence isnot available. (Reprinted from Quality in Health Care.Vol. 8. 1998. Available from the publisher or librariesholding the journal.)

LRP-199900-07 Cost-Effectiveness Issues in theTreatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. E. B. Foa, L.Jaycox.


L R P - 1 9 9 9 0 0 - 0 8 A Naturalistic Study ofPsychotherapy: The Medical Outcomes Study Approach.L. S. Meredith, R. Sturm, K. B. Wells.


LRP-199900-09 Detecting Gender-Based DifferentialItem Functioning on a Constructed-Response ScienceTest. L. Hamilton.

In this study, the author explored methods for detectinggender-based differential item functioning on a 12th-gradeconstructed-response (CR) science test administered aspart of the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988(NELS:88). The primary difficulty encountered with manyCR tests is the absence of a reliable and appropriatemeasure of ability on which to condition. In this study,several combinations of conditioning variables wereexplored, and results were supplemented with evidencefrom interviews of students who completed the test items.The study revealed that one item in particular displayed alarge male advantage and contributed to the genderdifference on total score. Results were similar to thoseobtained with the NELS:88 multiple-choice test. In bothcases, gender differences were largest on items thatinvolved visualization and called on knowledge acquiredoutside of school. Implications for users of large-scaleassessment results are discussed. (Reprinted from AppliedMeasurement in Education. Vol. 12, No. 3. 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

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LRP-199900-10 Social Skills Training. M. E.Franklin, L. Jaycox, E. B. Foa.


LRP-199900-11 Spinal Manipulation, CurrentResearch. P. G. Shekelle.

(Reprinted from Hippocrates' Lantern. Vol. 6, No. 1.1999. Available from the publisher or libraries holdingthe journal.)

LRP-199900-12 Letter to the Editor: Delphi-PanelAnalysis Paper by Gate Et Al., Leukemia & Lymphoma(1999) 32: 139-149. P. G. Shekelle.

(Reprinted from Leukemia & Lymphoma. Vol. 34, No. 5–6. 1999. Available from the publisher or libraries holdingthe journal.)

LRP-199900-13 Collateral Damage in the War onDrugs: HIV Risk Among Injection Drug Users. R. N.Bluthenthal, J. Lorvick, A. H. Kral, E. A. Erringer, J. G.Kahn.

This paper discusses whether two key War on Drugspolicies, the criminalization of syringes and thedisqualification of drug users from the SupplementalSecurity Income (SSI) program, are associated withinjection-related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)risk behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs). IDUswere interviewed regarding HIV risk behaviors, drug use,and criminal activities in six San Francisco Bay Areacommunities in 1996 and followed through 1997 (n =1257). Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine theassociation between concern about arrest while carryingdrug paraphernalia and injection-related risk behaviors.Regarding SSI, respondents were interviewed before(1996) and after (1997) drug and alcohol addicts weredisqualified from SSI (n = 88). Bivariate analysis wasconducted comparing IDUs who lost SSI benefits withthose who retained benefits. Among our study sample,32% of IDUs reported being concerned about possiblearrest while carrying drug paraphernalia. In multivariateanalysis, concerned IDUs were over one and one-halftimes more likely to share syringes than IDUs notconcerned (adjusted odds ratio = 1.74; 95% confidenceinterval = 1.24, 2.44). Regarding SSI, 60% (53/88) ofbaseline SSI recipients had lost benefits by their follow-upinterview. IDUs who lost benefits were more likely toparticipate in illegal activities (48 vs. 27%; P < 0.05),more likely to share syringes (17 vs. 0%; P < 0.05) andinjected drugs on average more (43.8 vs. 36.4 per month;P < 0.03) than those who retained benefits. These datasuggest that War on Drugs policies that deny injectionequipment and federal income support to IDUs alsoincrease their risk for HIV infection. These policies shouldbe reconsidered. (Reprinted from International Journal of

Drug Policy. Vol. 10. 1999. Available from the publisheror libraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199900-14 What Pediatricians Can Do toFurther Youth Violence Prevention: A Qualitative Study.S. Barkin, G. Ryan, L. Gelberg.

OBJECTIVE: Youth violence is a public health problemworld wide. However, the United States has the worst rateof youth violence among industrialized countries. Thisstudy was conducted to learn what pediatricians,community leaders, and parents think the doctor's role is inyouth violence prevention during the well-childexamination for children. METHODS: Interviews wereconducted with pediatricians, community leaders, andparents living or working in Los Angeles, California.RESULTS: All three groups interviewed believed that thephysician should incorporate violence preventioncounseling as part of the well-child examination. Themechanism of action differed for the three groups. Almosthalf of pediatricians' statements focused on their role asprevention counselor, with respect to such issues asappropriate discipline and gun safety. One third ofcommunity leaders' statements, however, related tophysician referral to existing community resources. Morethan half of parents' statements referred to the pediatricianas someone who can directly educate their child aboutmaking positive choices. CONCLUSIONS: Althoughpediatricians cannot solve the problem of youth violencealone, findings from this study suggest that they shouldaddress this issue with their patients and should work intandem with existing community resources to further asolution to this growing epidemic. (Reprinted from InjuryPrevention. Vol. 5. 1999. Available from the publisher orlibraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199900-15 New Research Alliances in the Eraof Managed Care. W. Goldman, R. Sturm, J. McCulloch.

Background: The rise of managed behavioral health carein the United States was accompanied by reductions incosts, which has shifted the policy debate from concernsabout rising costs to questions of universal access, mentalhealth benefits at parity with medical benefits and qualityof care. To meet these new challenges, managed careorganizations, the purchasers of health care and academicservices researchers must work together in new ways.Aims of the Study: This paper discusses collaborativeefforts between a for-profit managed care firm, academiaand purchasers of health care coverage to study parity formental health and substance abuse and how this effort hasbecome part of a research strategy to inform policy.Historical, strategic and methodological issues arepresented. Methods: Case Study. Results: Although thebenefits from cooperative research are substantial, thereare severe hurdles. Managed care organizations often havedata that could answer pressing policy questions, yet these

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data are rarely used by researchers because it is difficult toobtain access and because analyzing the data requirescomputing facilities and skills that are not common inhealth services research. In turn, managed careorganizations can learn how to design and implementmore informative data systems that eventually lead tomore cost-effective care, but there often are moreimmediately pressing business considerations andsometimes resistance to outside scrutiny. Importantfeatures that made this cooperation successful includestrong support from the senior management in thecompany, including complete access to their extensivedatabases, and established funding for a managed careresearch center by the National Institute of Mental Health.Conclusion: This paper illustrates the potential ofcollaborative research. New research challenges, such asthe linkages between quality and cost-effectiveness inactual practice settings, can only be met successfully if webuild alliances among payors, managed care companiesand academic researchers. (Reprinted from The Journal ofMental Health Policy and Economics. Vol. 2. 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199901-01 Does It Pay to Attend an ElitePrivate College? Cross Cohort Evidence on the Effects ofCollege Quality on Earnings. D. J. Brewer, E. Eide, R. G.Ehrenberg.

Although a substantial and rising labor market premium isassociated with college attendance in general, little isknown about how this premium varies across institutionsof different types and across time. In this paper the authorsexplicitly model high school students' choice of collegetype (characterized by selectivity and control) based onindividual and family characteristics (including ability andparental economic status) and an estimate of the net costsof attendance. The authors estimate selectivity-correctedoutcome equations using data from both the NationalLongitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 andHigh School and Beyond, which permit them to determinethe effects of college quality on wages and earnings andhow this effect varies across time. Even after controllingfor selection effects, strong evidence emerges of asignificant economic return to attending an elite privateinstitution, and some evidence suggests this premium hasincreased over time. (Available from publisher or librariesholding the journal.) (Reprinted from The Journal ofHuman Resources. Vol. XXXIV, No. 1. Winter 1999.)

LRP-199901-02 Drug Paraphernalia Laws andInjection-Related Infectious Disease Risk Among DrugInjectors. R. N. Bluthenthal, A. H. Kral, E. A. Erringer, B.R. Edlin.

Drug paraphernalia laws in 47 U.S. states make it illegalfor injection drug users (IDUS) to possess syringes. It has

been suggested that these laws lead to syringe sharing bydeterring IDUs from carrying their own syringes. Weexamined the relationship between concern about arrestwhile carrying drug paraphernalia and injection-relatedrisk behaviors among street-recruited IDUs in NorthernCalifornia. In 1996, 424 IDUs were interviewed, of whom76 percent were African American, 36 percent werefemale, and 15 percent were HIV positive. Thirty-fivepercent (150) reported concern about being arrested whilecarrying drug paraphernalia. In multivariate analyses thatcontrolled for potential confounders, IDUs concernedabout being arrested were significantly more likely thanother IDUs to share syringes (adjusted odds ratio AOR=2.28; 95 percent confidence interval CI 1.19, 4.34) andinjection supplies (AOR= 3.23; 95 percent CI=2.03, 5.13).These data suggest that decriminalizing syringes andneedles would likely result in reductions in the behaviorsthat expose IDUs to blood borne viruses. (Reprinted fromJournal of Drug Issues. Vol. 29, No. 1. Winter 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199902-01 Cost Functions for DialysisFacilities and the Quality of Dialysis. J. J. Escarce, H. I.Feldman.

(Reprinted from Health Services Research. Vol. 33, No. 6.Feb. 1999. Available from the publisher or librariesholding the journal.)

LRP-199902-02 Physician Perceptions of Barriers toCare for Inner-City Latino Children with Asthma. M. E.Lara, F. Allen, L. Lange.

This article describes physician perspectives on barriers toquality primary care experienced by inner-city childrenwith asthma and presents policy recommendations toreduce these barriers. The authors interviewed 30physicians who take care of children with asthma in aninner-city Latino neighborhood, conducted a qualitativeanalysis of interview themes, and used a consensus groupmethod to recommend policy actions. Inner-cityphysicians described significant access, quality of care,and other barriers in providing state-of-the-art primarycare for asthma. Physicians recommended that eliminatingfinancial barriers to care, including lack of healthinsurance and/or comprehensive health coverage fornecessary medications and equipment, is the mostimportant required policy action. In addition, inner-cityphysicians recommended that medical care and publichealth programs provide bilingual education for childrenwith asthma and their families and train primary carephysicians about how to provide effective asthma care tochildren with asthma in the inner city. (Reprinted fromJournal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved.Vol. 10, No. 1. Feb. 1999. Available from the publisheror libraries holding the journal.)

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LRP-199902-03 Elevated Asthma Morbidity inPuerto Rican Children: A Review of Possible Risk andPrognostic Factors.M. E. Lara, H. Morgenstern, N. Duan,R. H. Brook.

Latino children represent a significant proportion of allU.S. children, and asthma is the most common chronicillness affecting them. Previous research has revealedsurprising differences in health among Latino childrenwith asthma of varying countries of family origin. Forinstance, Puerto Rican children have a higher prevalenceof asthma than Mexican American or Cuban Americanchildren. In addition, there are important differences infamily structure and socioeconomic status among theseLatino populations: Cuban Americans have higher levelsof education and family income than Mexican-Americansand Puerto Ricans; mainland Puerto Rican children havethe highest proportion of households led by a singlemother. A review of past research documents differencesin asthma outcomes among Latino children and identifiesthe possible genetic, environmental, and health carefactors associated with these differences. Based on thisreview, the authors propose research studies designed todifferentiate between mutable and immutable risk andprognostic factors. They also propose that thesociocultural milieus of Latino subgroups of differentethnic and geographic origin are associated with varyingpatterns of risk factors that in turn lead to differentmorbidity patterns. Their analysis provides a blueprint forfuture research, policy development, and the evaluation ofmultifactorial interventions involving the collaboration ofmultiple social sectors, such as health care, publish health,education, and public and private agencies. (Reprintedfrom Western Journal of Medicine. Vol. 170, No. 2. Feb.1999. Available from the publisher or libraries holdingthe journal.)

LRP-199902-04 Services to Families of Adults withSchizophrenia: From Treatment Recommendations toDissemination . L. Dixon, A. Lyles, J. Scott, A. Lehman,L. Postrado, H. Goldman, E. A. McGlynn.

Data from the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes ResearchTeam project were examined to determine the extent towhich families of adults with schizophrenia receiveservices and whether training staff in the provision offamily services increases service availability. For patientswith a diagnosis of schizophrenia, paid claims in 1991 forfamily therapy were identified in a nationallyrepresentative sample of Medicare data and one state'sMedicaid data. In a field study in two states, 530 patientswere asked about services received by their families. Aquasiexperimental dissemination of a family interventionwas done at nine agencies; staff at four agencies received astandard didactic presentation, and staff at five receivedthat standard presentation paired with intensive training. Inthe representative national Medicare sample of 15,425

persons with schizophrenia, .7 percent (N=108) had anoutpatient claim for family therapy. This figure was 7.1percent in the Medicaid sample of 5,393 persons withschizophrenia in one state. Of the 530 patients in the fieldstudy who reported having contact with their families, 159(30 percent) reported that their families had receivedinformation, advice, or support about their illness, and 40(8 percent) responded that their families had attended aneducational or support program. At the four agencieswhere staff received only didactic training, no changes infamily services were found after one year. Three of thefive agencies where staff participated in intensive trainingenhanced their family services. A minority of families ofpersons with schizophrenia receive information about theillness from providers. Implementation of model familyinterventions is possible with considerable technicalassistance. A gap exists between best practices andstandard practices for families of persons withschizophrenia. (Reprinted from Psychiatric Services. Vol.50, No. 2. Feb. 1999. Available from the publisher orlibraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199903-01 The Influence of OrganizationalContext on Quitting Intention: An Examination ofTreatment Staff in Long-Term Mental Health CareSettings. K. J. Jinnett, J. A. Alexander.

This study uses multilevel methods to investigate theeffects of organizational context on job satisfaction andquitting intention among staff working in long-termmental health care settings. Two types of organizationalfeatures are examined: group job satisfaction andstructural features of the work unit (unit size, workload,and level of client functioning on the unit). A review ofthe organizational literature reveals that most empiricalresearch has investigated job satisfaction at the individuallevel of analysis rather than the group level. The authorsargue that the affective context of a group has real andmeasurable consequences for individual attitudes andbehavior, independent of individual attitudes toward thejob. Using multilevel modeling, study findings support thepremise that group job satisfaction exercises effects onintention to quit independent of individuals' dispositionstoward their jobs. These effects are both direct andinteractive. The findings underscore the importance ofaffective context in shaping individual attitudes andbehavioral intentions. (Available from publisher orlibraries holding the journal.) (Reprinted from Researchon Aging. Vol. 21, No. 2. Mar. 1999.)

L R P - 1 9 9 9 0 3 - 0 2 Grandparents Caring forGrandchildren: What Do We Know? A. R. Pebley, L. L.Rudkin.

Approximately 5% to 6% of grandchildren and 10% ofgrandparents live in grandparent-grandchild households atany point in time. The proportion of children living with

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grandparents appears to have remained relatively stableover time. In this article, the authors critically reviewprevious research on the determinants of grandparent carefor grandchildren. This research suggests that grandparentcare generally is precipitated by need or problemsexperienced by parents. However, the determinants ofcustodial care (in which grandparents become solecaretakers) and of coresidence (three-generationhouseholds) are quite different. Custodial care generallyoccurs when parents are no longer able or willing to takecare of their children. Coresidence more commonly isassociated with the middle generation's problems withliving independently or with transition among roles.(Available from publisher or libraries holding the journal.)(Reprinted from Journal of Family Issues. Vol. 20, No. 2.Mar. 1999.)

LRP-199903-03 Association of Dialyzer Reuse withHospitalization and Survival Rates Among U.S.Hemodialysis Patients: Do Comorbidities Matter? H. I.Feldman, W. B. Bilker, M. H. Hackett, C. W. Simmons, J.H. Holmes, M. V. Pauly, J. J. Escarce.

The objective of this study was to determine whether theassociations between reuse of hemodialyzers and higherrates of death and hospitalization persist after adjustmentfor comorbidity. The study was a nonconcurrent cohortanalysis of survival and hospitalization rates among 1491U.S. chronic hemodialysis patients beginning treatment in1986 and 1987. The impact of dialyzer reuse wascompared across three survival models: an unadjustedmodel, a "base" model adjusted only for demographics andrenal diagnosis, and an "augmented" model additionallyadjusted for comorbidities. The authors found that reuse ofdialyzers was associated with a similarly higher rate ofdeath in analyses unadjusted for confounders, adjusted fordemographics and renal diagnosis, and adjusted forcomorbidities. Reusing dialyzers was also associated witha greater rate of hospitalization that was stable regardlessof adjustment procedures. They conclude that higher ratesof death and hospitalization associated with dialyzer reusepersist regardless of adjustment for demographiccharacteristics or baseline comorbidities. These findingsamplify concerns that there is elevated morbidity amonghemodialysis patients treated in facilities that reusehemodialyzers. Although the association we observed wasnot confounded by comorbidity, a cause-and-effectrelationship between dialyzer reuse and morbidity couldnot be proved because of the inability to control foraspects of care other than dialyzer reuse. (Reprinted fromJournal of Clinical Epidemiology. Vol. 52, No. 3. Mar.1999. Available from the publisher or libraries holdingthe journal.)

LRP-199904-01 A Comparison of ExposureTherapy, Stress Inoculation Training, and Their

Combination for Reducing Posttraumatic Stress Disorderin Female Assault Victims. E. B. Foa, C. V. Dancu, E. A.Hembree, L. Jaycox, E. A. Meadows, G. P. Street.

Ninety-six female assault victims with chronicposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were randomlyassigned to 4 treatment conditions: prolonged exposure(PE), stress inoculation training (SIT), combined treatment(PE-SIT), or wait-list control (WL). Treatment consistedof 9 twice-weekly, individual sessions. Independentevaluations were conducted at pretreatment; posttreatment;and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. All 3 activetreatments reduced severity of PTSD and depressioncompared with WL but did not differ significantly fromeach other, and these gains were maintained throughoutthe follow-up period. However, in the intent-to-treatsample, PE was superior to SIT and PE-SIT onposttreatment anxiety and global social adjustment atfollow-up and had larger effect sizes on PTSD severity,depression, and anxiety. SIT and PE-SIT did not differsignificantly from each other on any outcome measure.(Available from publisher or libraries holding the journal.)(Reprinted from Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology. Vol. 67, No. 2. Apr. 1999.)

LRP-199904-02 Beliefs About Children's Illness. A.R. Pebley, E. Hurtado, N. Goldman. 1999.

Beliefs about child illness were investigated using semi-structured interviews with mothers and providers in fourrural Guatemalan communities. The two most commonforms of child illness in Guatemala—diarrhea andrespiratory disease—were focused upon. These illnessesare particularly available in rural areas of developingcountries. Comparisons with other ethnographic studies inGuatemala suggest that some traditional models of illnesscausation identified in these earlier investigations arerelatively unimportant in the communities studied here.This finding, in conjunction with frequent responsesrelated to hygiene and water, suggests that traditionalexplanations may be co-existing with biomedical views ofillness causation to a greater degree today than in the past.(Reprinted from Journal of Biosocial Science. Vol. 31,No. 2. 1999. Available from the publisher or librariesholding the journal.)

LRP-199904-03 Use of Psychiatrists, Psychologists,and Master's-Level Therapists in Managed BehavioralHealth Care Carve-Out Plans. R. Sturm, R. Klap.

Outpatient claims data from a managed behavioral healthcompany for 1996 were examined to determine the extentto which patients received services from different types ofmental health care providers. The results allay concernsthat managed care shifts patients away from psychiatriststo doctoral-level psychologists and less expensiveproviders. The majority of patients with depressive

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disorders and almost all patients with psychotic disordershad contact with a psychiatrist. (Reprinted fromPsychiatric Services. Vol. 50, No. 4. April 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199904-04 Underuse and Overuse of DiagnosticTesting for Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Presentingwith New-Onset Chest Pain. D. M. Carlisle, L. L. Leape,S. Bickel, R. M. Bell, C. J. Kamberg, B. J. Genovese, W.J. French, V. S. Kaushik, P. R. Mahrer, M. H. Ellestad, R.H. Brook, M. F. Shapiro.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent ofoveruse and underuse of diagnostic testing for coronaryartery disease and to determine whether the socioeconomicstatus, health insurance, gender, and race/ethnicity of apatient influence the use of diagnostic tests. The authorsidentified patients who presented with new-onset chestpain not due to myocardial infarction at one of five LosAngeles-area hospital emergency departments betweenOctober 1994 and April 1996. Explicit criteria fordiagnostic testing were developed using theRAND/University of California, Los Angeles, expertpanel method. They were applied to data collected bymedical record review and patient questionnaire. Of the356 patients, 181 met necessity criteria for diagnosticcardiac testing. Of these, 40 failed to receive necessarytests. Only 7 of the 215 patients who received some formof cardiac testing had tests that were judged to beinappropriate. Underuse was significantly more commonin patients with only a high school education and thosewithout health insurance. In a multivariate logisticregression model, only the lack of a post-high schooleducation was a significant predictor of underuse. Theauthors conclude that among patients with new-onset crestpain, underuse of diagnostic testing for coronary arterydisease was much more common than overuse. Underusewas primarily associated with lower levels of patienteducation. (Reprinted from American Journal of Medicine.Vol. 106. Apr. 1999. Available from the publisher orlibraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199905-01 Market Power and Hospital Pricing:Are Nonprofits Different? G. Melnick, E. B. Keeler, J.Zwanziger.

Dramatic changes in hospitals' operating environments areleading to major restructuring of hospital organizations.Hospital mergers and acquisitions are increasing eachyear, and conversions by hospitals to different forms ofownership also are continuing apace. Such changes requirepolicymakers and regulators to develop and implementpolicies to ensure that consumers' interests are protected.An important consideration in this process is the impact onthe price of hospital care following such transactions. Thispaper reviews empirical evidence that mergers that reduce

competition will lead to price increases at both merginghospitals and their competitors, regardless of ownershipstatus. The authors show that nonprofit and governmenthospitals have steadily become more willing to raise pricesto exploit market power and discuss the implications forantitrust regulators and agencies that must approvenonprofit conversions. (Reprinted from Health Affairs.Vol. 18, No. 3. May/June 1999. Available from thepublisher or libraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199905-02 How Expensive Are UnlimitedSubstance Abuse Benefits under Managed Care? R.Sturm, W. Zhang, M. Schoenbaum.

Substance abuse (SA) care has been excluded from recentfederal and state legislation mandating equal benefits formental health and medical care ("parity"), largely becauseof cost concerns. This article studies how many patientsare affected by SA coverage limits and the likelyimplications of limits on insurance payments, using 1996–97 claims from 25 managed care plans with unlimited SAbenefits. Changing even stringent limits on annual SAbenefits has a small absolute effect on overall insurancecosts under managed care, even though a large percentageof SA patients are affected. Removing an annual limit of$10,000 per year on SA care is estimated to increaseinsurance payments by about 6 cents per member per year,removing a limit of $1,000 increases payments by about$3.40. As long as care is comprehensively managed,"parity" for SA in employer-sponsored health plans is notvery costly. (Reprinted from Journal of Behavioral HealthServices and Research. Vol. 26, No. 2. May 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199905-03 Appropriateness of Referral ofCoronary Angiography Patients in Sweden. S. J.Bernstein, B. Brorsson, T. Aberg, H. Emanuelsson, R. H.Brook, L. Werko.

Objective: To evaluate the appropriateness of referralfollowing coronary angiography in Sweden. Design:Prospective survey and review of medical records.Patients: Consecutive series of 2767 patients whounderwent coronary angiography in Sweden between May1994 and January 1995 and were considered for coronaryrevascularisation. Main outcome measures: Percentage ofpatients referred for coronary artery bypass graft surgery(CABG) and percutaneous transluminal coronaryangioplasty (PTCA) for indications that were judgednecessary, appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate by amultispecialty Swedish national expert panel using theRAND/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)appropriateness method, and the percentage of patientsreferred for continued medical management who metnecessity criteria for revascularisation. Results: Half thepatients were referred for CABG, 25% for PTCA, and

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25% for continued medical therapy. CABG was judgedappropriate or necessary for 78% of patients, uncertain forI2% and inappropriate for 10%. For PTCA the figureswere 32%, 30% and 38%, respectively. Two factorscontributed to the high inappropriate rate. Many of thesepatients did not have "significant" coronary artery disease(although all had at least one stenosis > 50%) or they weretreated with less than gb soptimal gc s medical therapy.While 96% of patients who met necessity criteria forrevascularisation were appropriately referred forrevascularisaition, 4% were referred for continued medicaltherapy. Conclusions: Using the RAND/UCLAappropriateness method and the definitions agreed to bythe expert panel, which may be considered conservativetoday, it was found that 19% of Swedish patients werereferred for coronary revascularisation judgedinappropriate. Since some cardiovascular proceduresevolve rapidly, the proportion of patients referred forinappropriate indications today remains unknown.Nevertheless, physicians should actively identify thosepatients who will and will not benefit from coronaryrevascularisation and ensure that they are appropriatelytreated. (Reprinted from Heart., Vol. 81, No. 5. May 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199905-04 Price Competition and Hospital CostGrowth in the United States (1989-1994). A. Bamezai, J.Zwanziger, G. Melnick, J. Mann.

In recent years, most health care markets in the UnitedStates (US) have experienced rapid penetration by healthmaintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred providerorganizations (PPOs). During this same period, the US hasalso experienced slowing health care costs. Using anational database, we demonstrate that HMOs and PPOshave significantly restrained cost growth among hospitalslocated in competitive hospital markets, but not so in thecase of hospitals located in relatively concentratedmarkets. In relative terms, we estimate that HMOs havecontained cost growth more effectively than PPOs.(Reprinted from Health Economics. Vol. 8, No. 3. May1999. Available from the publisher or libraries holdingthe journal.)

LRP-199905-05 Cesarean Deliveries for MedicaidPatients: A Comparison in Public and Private Hospitals inLos Angeles County. K. D. Gregory, E. Ramicone, L.Chan, K. L. Kahn.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study were to describe thedifference in cesarean delivery rates for Medicaid patientsaccording to hospital type and adjusted for case mix and todetermine cost implications for additional cesareandeliveries. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective studyused California discharge data for 92,800 patientsdelivered in 78 hospitals in Los Angeles County during

1991. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjustfor case mix and to calculate adjusted cesarean deliveryrates according to hospital type. Cost estimates assumed$821 per day hospital reimbursement. RESULTS: Theunadjusted cesarean delivery rate in private nonteachinghospitals (reference group) was 24.5%, compared with13.2%,17.4%, and 16.5% in public, health maintenanceorganization, and private teaching hospitals, respectively.Adjustment for case mix decreased the cesarean deliveryrate in public (9.0%), health maintenance organization(12.0%), and private teaching hospitals (8.0%). Cesareandeliveries performed on patients in private nonteachinghospitals result in an additional $13.6 million in Medicaidhealth care expenses. CONCLUSIONS: There areincreased health care costs related to increased cesareandeliveries performed on Medicaid patients in privatenonteaching hospitals. (Reprinted from American Journalof Obstetrics and Gynecology. Vol. 180, No. 5. May1999. Available from the publisher or libraries holdingthe journal.)

LRP-199906-01 The Design of Healthcare forCommunities: A Study of Health Care Delivery forAlcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Conditions. R.Sturm, C. R. Gresenz, C. D. Sherbourne, K. Minnium, R.Klap, J. Bhattacharya, D. O. Farley, A. S. Young, M. A.Burnam, K. B. Wells.

There is a shortage of data to inform policy debates aboutthe quickly changing health care system. This paperdescribes Healthcare for Communities (HCC), acomponent of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation'sHealth Tracking Initiative that was designed to fill this gapfor alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health care. HCCbridges clinical perspectives and economic/policy researchapproaches, links data at market, service delivery, andindividual levels, and features a household survey ofnearly 9,6000 individuals with an employer follow-backsurvey. Public use files will be available in late 1999.(Reprinted from Inquiry. Vol. 36. Summer 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199906-02 Relationship Between Age andPatients' Current Health State Preferences. C. D.Sherbourne, E. B. Keeler, C. D. Sherbourne, J. Unutzer, L.Lenert, K. B. Wells.

This article explores age differences in preferences forcurrent health states, which is one way to measure trade-offs between "quantity of life" and "quality" of thosehealth states. Data are from 17,707 adult outpatientsvisiting 46 primary care, managed care practices. Patients'preferences (utility) for their current health were assessedby standard gamble and time trade-off methods. Althougholder primary care patients' utility measurements for theircurrent health were lower than other patient groups, most

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of the difference in value measurements was attributableto differences in health. Health providers should take careto assess individual preferences from all patientsregardless of age. (Reprinted from The Gerontologist. Vol.39, No. 3. 1999. Available from the publisher or librariesholding the journal.)

LRP-199907-01 Expeditionary Airpower: A GlobalInfrastructure to Support EAF. L. A. Galway, R. S. Tripp,J. G. Drew, C. C. Fair, T. L. Ramey.

(Available from publisher or libraries holding the journal.)(Reprinted from Air Force Journal of Logistics. Vol.XXIII, No. 2. Summer 1999.)

LRP-199907-02 Effectiveness Research andImplications for Study Design: Sample Size andStatistical Power. R. Sturm, J. Unutzer, W. Katon.

Most clinical trials have started to incorporate morebroadly defined outcome measures, such as health-relatedquality of life, to complement clinical status measures aswell as direct costs and cost-effectiveness analyses.Contrasting a broad range of outcome and cost measures,the authors analyze the implications for sample sizes andstudy design using data from prior mental health andprimary care studies that span a wide range of practicesettings, patient populations, and geographic areas. Whilemeaningful clinical symptomatic differences are oftendetectable with sample sizes of well under 100 per cell,detecting even large changes in health-related quality oflife generally requires several hundred observations percell. Reasonable precision in cost estimates usuallyrequires sample sizes in the thousands. Very few clinicaltrials or observational effectiveness studies thatincorporate quality of life or cost measures have suchsample sizes, resulting in many (unreported) null findingsand, due to publication biases favoring significant results,scientific publications that exaggerate true effects. It raisesissues for the general direction of clinical trials andeffectiveness studies, as well as for how cost and health-related quality of life results based on small studies shouldbe dealt with in publications. (Reprinted from GeneralHospital Psychiatry. Vol. 21, No. 4 1999. Available fromthe publisher or libraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199909-01 Expeditionary Airpower. Part 2:EAF Strategic Planning. R. S. Tripp, L. A. Galway, T. L.Ramey, P. S. Killingsworth, J. G. Drew, C. C. Fair.

A key challenge for the Air Force is strategic planning tosupport the Expeditionary Aerospace Force (EAF). TheEAF concept requires a rethinking of the entire combatsupport system, and subsequently the strategic planningframework for combat support should also be reexaminedand enhanced. To a large degree, future global combatcapability will be dependent upon strategic choices

concerning combat support system design that will bemade in the near future. The future combat support systemshould be designed to maintain readiness levels to supportimmediate deployments, provide responsive support todeal with unanticipated events, provide support for the fullspectrum of potential operations, transition supporteffectively as the units move along the spectrum ofoperations, and be efficient and affordable. (Availablefrom publisher or libraries holding the journal.)(Reprinted from Air Force Journal of Logistics. Vol.XXIII, No. 3. Fall 1999.)

LRP-199909-02 How Can We Prevent EmotionalDisturbances in Youth Exposed to Violence in Schools?L. Jaycox, B. Stein.

(Reprinted from National Center for Post-TraumaticStress Disorder Clinical Quarterly. Vol. 8, No. 4. Fall1999. Available from the publisher or libraries holdingthe journal.)

LRP-199909-03 State Mental Health Parity Laws:Cause or Consequences of Differences in Use? R. Sturm,R. L. Pacula.

A new wave of state and federal legislation affectingmental health insurance was passed during the 1990s.Although patient advocacy groups have hailed the passageof numerous parity laws, it is unclear whether this activityrepresents a major improvement in insurance benefits orsignificantly increases access to mental health care. Theauthors investigated this issue with data from two newnational studies sponsored by the Robert Wood JohnsonFoundation. They found that states with below-averageutilization were more likely to enact state legislation, bututilization in those states continues to lag behind the restof the nation. (Reprinted from Health Affairs. Vol. 18, No.5. Sept./Oct. 1999. Available from the publisher orlibraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199909-04 Cost and Quality Trends underManaged Care: Is There a Learning Curve in BehavioralHealth Carve-Out Plans? R. Sturm.

This paper studies the performance of network plans overtime using data from 52 managed behavioral health plans.Costs exhibit a "learning curve" with additional costdeclines of 10–15% with every doubling of experience,which are independent from time trends and scaleeconomies. Process-of-care measures show increasedappropriateness of follow-up care and reduced 30-dayrehospitalization, but the relationship to experience or timeis not statistically significant. Possible causes oforganizational "learning" could be faster referrals tonetwork clinicians, increased acceptance of networkproviders by patients, selection of more efficientproviders, improved care management procedures, or

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better monitoring techniques. (Reprinted from Journal ofHealth Economics. Vol. 18, No. 5. 1999. Available fromthe publisher or libraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199909-05 The Effect of Panel Membershipand Feedback on Ratings in a Two-Round Delphi Study:Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. S. M.Campbell, M. Hann, M. O. Roland, J. A. Quayle, P. G.Shekelle.

Past observational studies of the RAND/UCLAAppropriateness Method have shown that the compositionof panels affects the ratings that are obtained. Panels ofmixed physicians make different judgments from panels ofsingle specialty physicians, and physicians who use aprocedure are more likely to rate it more highly than thosewho do not. This paper sets out to determine the effect ofusing physicians and health care managers within a paneldesigned to assess quality indicators for primary care andto test the effect of different types of feedback within thepanel process. This paper provides further experimentalevidence that consensus panel judgments are influencedboth by panel composition and by the type of feedbackwhich is given to participants during the panel process.Careful attention must be given to the methods used toconduct consensus panel studies, and methods need to bedescribed in detail when such studies are reported.(Reprinted from Medical Care. Vol. 37, No. 9. Sept.1999.)

LRP-199909-06 Equity in Managed Care for MentalDisorders. M. A. Burnam, J. J. Escarce.

Equity of mental health relative to general medical care isa long-standing policy issue in the mental health field,which in recent years has been debated as an issue ofparity in insurance benefits. The shift towards managedmental health care makes the parity debate lesscontroversial, because feared cost increases are an unlikelyconsequence under managed care. The authors argue,however, that managed care also makes benefit parity lessrelevant to the goals of achieving fairness in the deliveryof mental health services. A broader policy perspective isrequired to encompass concerns about fairness undermanaged care. (Reprinted from Health Affairs. Vol. 18,No. 5. Sept./Oct. 1999. Available from the publisher orlibraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199911-01 Determining Optimal PollutionControl Policies: An Application of BilevelProgramming. M. A. Amouzegar, K. Moshirvaziri. 1999.

This paper presents two optimization models forhazardous waste capacity planning and treatment facilitylocations. The complex behavior of firms in the presenceof central planning decisions and price signals isinvestigated and it is shown that such behavior can best be

captured by a hierarchical model. In particular, a centralplanning model, where the government is assumed tocontrol all location/allocation decisions and a bilevelmodel, where the government is the leader with the goal ofmaximizing the "social welfare" via taxation is presented.Detailed formulations of both models are developed,solved, and the computational results are presented.(Reprinted from European Journal of OperationalResearch. Vol. 119, No. 1. Nov. 16, 1999. Availablefrom the publisher or libraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199911-02 Substance Abuse Service Utilizationunder Managed Care: HMOs Versus Carve-Out Plans. B.Stein, E. Reardon, R. Sturm.

Managed behavioral health care organizations areincreasingly managing Americans' substance abuse byusing carve-outs, but little information is available abouthow this has affected service utilization and costs whencompared to HMOs. One employer's claims for substanceabuse services delivered under a carve-out arrangementare compared to prior HMO claims information. Under thecarve-out arrangement, inpatient and outpatient serviceutilization are found to decrease, but intermediate serviceutilization dramatically increases. Costs per unit servicedecrease for all services. The pattern of changes isdifferent from that seen for mental health services,suggesting that different factors may be applicable tosubstance abuse services. (Reprinted from Journal ofBehavioral Health Services and Research. Vol. 26, No. 4.Nov. 1999. Available from the publisher or librariesholding the journal.)

LRP-199911-03 Tracking Changes in BehavioralHealth Services: How Have Carve-Outs Changed Care?R. Sturm.

This article provides background information about carve-outs and the managed behavioral health care industry. Thisarticle also reviews prior research in the mental healthcarve-out field. (Reprinted from Journal of BehavioralHealth Services and Research. Vol. 26, No. 4. Nov. 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199911-04 Who Leaves Managed BehavioralHealth Care? C. R. Gresenz, R. Sturm.

The growth of managed care and the possibility of biasedenrollment and disenrollment rates have raised concernsabout cost shifting. This article analyzes the duration ofcontinuous enrollment in a managed behavioral healthorganization among members with and without behavioralhealth care utilization and among members with differentmental health conditions. Eleven large employers withmore than 250,000 members who are enrolled in managedbehavioral health plans are studied. Compared to managed

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care 10 years ago, the rate of disenrollment among patientswith depression appears to have dropped. Moreover, thereappear to be few differences in disenrollment among usersand nonusers of behavioral health services, except foremployees for whom coverage is linked to jobperformance. However, patients with substance abuseproblems or severe types of disorders are significantlymore likely to disenroll than patients with less severeproblems. (Reprinted from Journal of Behavioral HealthServices and Research. Vol. 26, No. 4. Nov. 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199911-05 Labor Force Participation byPersons with Mental Illness. R. Sturm, C. R. Gresenz, R.L. Pacula, K. B. Wells.

(Reprinted from Psychiatric Services. Vol. 50, No. 11.Nov. 1999. Available from the publisher or librariesholding the journal.)

LRP-199911-06 The Economic Impact of CapitatedCare for High Utilizers of Public Mental Health Services:The Los Angeles PARTNERS Program Experience. K.Kapur, A. S. Young, D. Murata, J. G. Sullivan, P. Koegel.

Los Angeles PARTNERS, or "people achievingrehabilitation together need empowering respectfulsupport," is a treatment program that uses capitation toshift risk for treatment costs of high utilizers of publicmental health services to private community-basedtreatment organizations. This analysis reveals twoimportant findings from PARTNERS. First, the economicincentives created by capitation contributed to thedisenrollment of PARTNERS clients; furthermore, factorssuch as not speaking English or Spanish or havingschizophrenia increased the probability of disenrollment.Second, analyses of health costs for enrollees in thePARTNERS capitation program suggest that the programdid not result in a change in total costs. However, theprogram increased the use of community-based care andincreased treatment costs for clients with lowerpreprogram costs but decreased costs for the clients withhigh preprogram costs. These results suggest that futurecapitation programs for this severely ill population wouldbenefit from using detailed clinical information todetermine program eligibility and to set risk-adjustedcapitation rates. (Reprinted from Journal of BehavioralHealth Services and Research. Vol. 26, No. 4. Nov. 1999.Available from the publisher or libraries holding thejournal.)

LRP-199911-07 Sink or Swim--Clinicians Don'tOften Counsel on Drowning Prevention. J. A. Rogowski.

OBJECTIVE: Drowning is one of the leading causes ofinjury death for young children in the United States. This

study examined primary care providers' knowledge of andcounseling on drowning prevention. METHODS: Arandom sample of 465 Los Angeles County pediatricians,family physicians, and pediatric nurse practitioners whoserve families with young children received mailedquestionnaires; 325 (70%) responded. RESULTS: Abouttwo thirds of clinicians did not know that injury deathsattributable to drowning were more common than thoseattributable to toxic ingestions and firearm injuries inyoung children. Only one third of clinicians stated theycounseled on drowning prevention. Counseling drowningprevention was positively associated with female gender(odds ratio: 1.97; 95% confidence interval: 1.64, 2.30) andnegatively associated with an attitude that drowningprevention counseling was less important than other injuryprevention topics (odds ratio:.73; 95% confidenceinterval:.61,.85). Clinician specialty, age, years out fromtraining, proportion of well-child examinations in a typicalweek, having children, practice setting, and knowledge ofdrowning injury deaths were not significant in multivariateanalysis. CONCLUSION: The belief of clinicians that it isless important to counsel on drowning prevention thanother injury prevention topics poses a substantial challengeto their providing such education to families with youngchildren. (Reprinted from Pediatrics. Vol. 104, No. 5.Nov. 1999. Available from the publisher or librariesholding the journal.)

LRP-199912-01 Expeditionary Airpower. Part 3: F-15 Support Analysis: Exploring F-15 AvionicsIntermediate Maintenance Concepts to Meet AEFChallenges. E. Peltz, H. L. Shulman, R. S. Tripp, T. L.Ramey, R. King, J. G. Drew, C. Grammich.

A key challenge for the Air Force is strategic planning tosupport the Expeditionary Aerospace Force (EAF). TheEAF concept requires a rethinking of the entire combatsupport system, and subsequently the strategic planningframework for combat support should also be reexaminedand enhanced. To a large degree, future global combatcapability will be dependent upon strategic choicesconcerning combat support system design that will bemade in the near future. The future combat support systemshould be designed to maintain readiness levels to supportimmediate deployments, provide responsive support todeal with unanticipated events, provide support for the fullspectrum of potential operations, transition supporteffectively as the units move along the spectrum ofoperations, and be efficient and affordable. (Availablefrom publisher or libraries holding the journal.)(Reprinted from Air Force Journal of Logistics. Vol.XXIII, No. 4. Winter 1999.)

LRP-199912-02 Expeditionary Airpower. Part 4: AVision for Agile Combat Support. E. Peltz, H. L.

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Shulman, R. S. Tripp, T. L. Ramey, R. King, J. G. Drew,C. Grammich.

(Available from publisher or libraries holding thejournal.) (Reprinted from Air Force Journal of Logistics.Vol. XXIII, No. 4. Winter 1999.)

LRP-199912-03 Lesbians' Sexual History with Men:Implications for Taking a Sexual History. A. L. Diamant,M. A. Schuster, K. A. McGuigan, J. Lever.

Background: Health care providers may not solicit acomprehensive sexual history from lesbian patientsbecause of provider assumptions that lesbians have notbeen sexually active with men. The authors performed thisstudy to assess whether women who identify themselvesas lesbians have a history of sexual activities with menthat have implications for receipt of preventive healthscreening. Objective: To convey the importance for healthcare providers to know their patients' sexual history whenmaking appropriate recommendations for preventivehealth care. Methods: A survey was printed in a nationalnews magazine aimed at homosexual men, lesbians, andbisexual men and women. The sample included 6935 self-identified lesbians from all 50 U.S. states. The outcomeswe measured were respondents' number of lifetime malesexual partners and partners during the past year, theirlifetime history of specific sexual activities (e.g., vaginalintercourse, anal intercourse), their lifetime condom use,and their lifetime history of sexually transmitted diseases.Results: Of respondents, 77.3% had 1 or more lifetimemale sexual partners, 70.5% had a lifetime history ofvaginal intercourse, 17.2% had a lifetime history of analintercourse, and 17.2% had a lifetime history of a sexuallytransmitted disease. Exactly 5.7% reported having had amale sexual partner during the past year. Conclusion:These findings reinforce the need for providers to knowtheir patients' sexual history regardless of their reportedsexual orientation, especially with regard torecommendations for Papanicolaou smears and screeningfor sexually transmitted diseases. (Reprinted fromArchives of Internal Medicine. Vol. 159, No. 22. Dec.13/27, 1999. Available from the publisher or librariesholding the journal.)

LRP-199912-04 The Impact of CompetingSubsistence Needs and Barriers on Access to MedicalCare for Persons with Human Immunodeficiency VirusReceiving Care in the United States. W. E. Cunningham,R. Andersen, M. H. Katz, M. D. Stein, B. J. Turner, S.Crystal, S. Zierler, K. Kuromiya, S. C. Morton, P. A. St.Clair, S. A. Bozzette, M. F. Shapiro.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether competingsubsistence needs and other barriers are associated withpoorer access to medical care among persons infected withhuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), using self-reported

data. DESIGN: Survey of a nationally representativesample of 2,864 adults receiving HIV care. MAININDEPENDENT VARIABLES: Going without carebecause of needing the money for food, clothing, orhousing; postponing care because of not havingtransportation; not being able to get out of work, and beingtoo sick. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Having fewerthan three physician visits in the previous 6 months,visiting an emergency room without being hospitalized;never receiving antiretroviral agents, no prophylaxis forPneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the previous 6 monthsfor persons at risk, and low overall reported access on asix-item scale. RESULTS: More than one third of persons(representing >83,000 persons nationally) went without orpostponed care for one of the four reasons we studied. Inmultiple logistic regression analysis, having any one ormore of the four competing needs independent variableswas associated with significantly greater odds of visitingan emergency room without hospitalization, neverreceiving antiretroviral agents, and having low overallreported access. CONCLUSIONS: Competing subsistenceneeds and other barriers are prevalent among personsreceiving care for HIV in the United States, and they act aspotent constraints to the receipt of needed medical care.For persons infected with HIV to benefit more fully fromrecent advances in medical therapy, policy makers mayneed to address nonmedical needs such as food, clothing,and housing as well as transportation, home care, andemployment support. (Reprinted from Medical Care. Vol.37, No. 12. Dec. 1999. Available from the publisher orlibraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199912-05 National Probability Samples inStudies of Low-Prevalence Diseases. Part II, Designingand Implementing the HIV Cost and Services UtilizationStudy Sample. M. R. Frankel, M. F. Shapiro, N. Duan, S.C. Morton, S. H. Berry, J. A. Brown, M. A. Burnam, S. E.Cohn, D. P. Goldman, D. McCaffrey, S. M. Smith, P. A.St. Clair, J. F. Tebow, S. A. Bozzette.

OBJECTIVE: The design and implementation of anationally representative probability sample of personswith a low-prevalence disease, HIV/AIDS. DATASOURCES/STUDY SETTING: One of the mostsignificant roadblocks to the generalizability of primarydata collected about persons with a low-prevalence diseaseis the lack of a complete methodology for efficientlygenerating and enrolling probability samples. Themethodology developed by the HCSUS consortium uses aflexible, provider-based approach to multistage samplingthat minimizes the quantity of data necessary forimplementation. STUDY DESIGN: To produce a validnational probability sample, the authors combined aprovider-based multistage design with the M.D.-colleaguerecruitment model often used in non-probability site-specific studies. DATA COLLECTION: Across the

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contiguous United States, reported AIDS cases formetropolitan areas and rural counties. In selected areas,caseloads for known providers for HIV patients and arandom sample of other providers. For selected providers,anonymous patient visit records. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:It was possible to obtain all data necessary to implement amultistage design for sampling individual HIV-infectedpersons under medical care with known probabilities.Taking account of both patient and provider nonresponse,the authors succeeded in obtaining in-person or proxyinterviews from subjects representing over 70 percent ofthe eligible target population. CONCLUSIONS: It ispossible to design and implement a national probabilitysample of persons with a low-prevalence disease, even if itis stigmatized. (Reprinted from Health Services Research;HSR. Vol. 34, No. 5. Dec. 1999. Available from thepublisher or libraries holding the journal.)

LRP-199912-06 Predicting Clinician InjuryPrevention Counseling for Young Children. S. Barkin, A.Fink, L. Gelberg.

BACKGROUND: Injury is the primary cause of morbidityand mortality in children and an important topic forcounseling. OBJECTIVE: To describe and explainclinicians' reported counseling behavior during the well-child examinations for children aged 5 years and youngeron the following 4 injury prevention topics: motor vehiclecrashes, toxic ingestion, drowning, and firearm injuries.METHODS: A random sample of 465 pediatricians,family physicians, and pediatric nurse practitioners in anurban setting received mailed questionnaires; 325 (69.9%)responded. Multivariate logistic regression predictingcounseling on each injury prevention topic was performed.RESULTS: Most reported discussing motor vehicleoccupant protection (66.2%) and toxic ingestionprevention (62.1%) during the well-child examination.Only 31.8% stated they counseled on drowning preventionand 15.7%, on firearm injury prevention. Knowledge ofinjury mortality and morbidity rates was not associatedwith counseling. For most topics, female respondents weremore likely to counsel than male respondents (motorvehicle crash odds ratio OR 2.24 P = .03 toxic ingestionOR, 1.82 P = .05 drowning OR, 1.97 P = .04 . Healthmaintenance organization settings predicted injuryprevention counseling for most topics (motor vehicle crashOR, 2.52 P = .04 toxic ingestion OR, 2.77 P = .01firearm injury OR, 2.97 P = .001 . Clinicians placinglower importance on counseling were less likely tocounsel on drowning and firearm injury (drowning OR,0.73 P = .006 firearm injury OR, 0.58 P<.001 .CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians' knowledge of local injuryepidemiology did not influence their counseling on thesetopics. Clinicians and their patients might benefit by usingprograms such as The Injury Prevention Program to helpthem standardize their approach to injury prevention

counseling during the routine well-child examination.(Reprinted from Archives of Pediatrics and AdolescentMedicine. Vol. 153, No. 12. Dec. 1999. Available fromthe publisher or libraries holding the journal.)

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PUBLISHED RAND BOOKS

The books listed below are not sold to the public byRAND. They may be obtained through booksellers ordirectly from the publisher. Many are also available inpublic and academic libraries.

New RAND Books in 1999

Lambeth, Benjamin S. Russia's Air Power in Crisis.Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press,1999.

Peabody, John W., M. Omar Rahman, Paul J. Gertler,Joyce Mann, Donna O. Farley, Jeff Luck, DavidRobalino, and Grace M. Carter. Policy and Health,Implications for Development in Asia. New York:Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Ravich, Samantha F. Marketization and Democracy:East Asian Experiences. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1999.

Vernez, Georges. Immigrant Women in the U.S.Workforce. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books,1999.

_______________________________________________

Akhmanova, O.S., R.M. Frumkina, I.A. Melchuk, andE.V. Paducheva. Exact Methods in LinguisticResearch. Translated from the Russian by David G.Hays and Dolores V. Mohr. Berkeley and LosAngeles: University of California Press, 1963 (out ofprint).

Alexiev, Alexander R., and S. Enders Wimbush (eds.).Ethnic Minorities in the Red Army: Asset orLiability? Boulder, Colo. Westview Press, 1988.

Armor, David J., J. Michael Polich, and Harriet B.Stambul. Alcoholism and Treatment. New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1978 (out of print).

Arquilla, John. Dubious Battles: Aggression, Defeat,and the International System. New York: CraneRussak (Taylor & Francis Group), 1992.

Arrow, Kenneth J., and Marvin Hoffenberg. A TimeSeries Analysis of Interindustry Demands.Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company,1959 (out of print).

Aumann, R.J., and L.S. Shapley. Values of Non-Atomic Games. Princeton, N.J.: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1974.

Averch, Harvey A., John E. Koehler, and Frank H.Denton. The Matrix of Policy in the Philippines.Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.

Averch, Harvey A., Stephen J. Carroll, Theodore S.Donaldson, Herbert J. Kiesling, and John Pincus.How Effective is Schooling? A Critical Review ofResearch. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: EducationalTechnology Publications, 1974.

Baer, Walter S. Cable Television: A Handbook forDecisionmaking. New York: Crane, Russak &Company, 1974 (out of print).

Baer, Walter S., Michael Botein, Leland L. Johnson,Carl Pilnick, Monroe E. Price, and Robert K. Yin.Cable Television: Franchising Considerations. NewYork: Crane, Russak & Company, 1974 (out ofprint).

Bagdikian, Ben H. The Information Machines: TheirImpact on Men and the Media. New York: Harper& Row, 1971.

Baker, C.L., and F.J. Gruenberger. The First SixMillion Prime Numbers. Madison, Wisc: TheMicrocard Foundation, 1959 (out of print).

Baum, Warren C. The French Economy and the State.Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958(out of print). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press,1982.

Becker, Abraham S. Soviet National Income, 1958–1964: National Accounts of the USSR in the SevenYear Plan Period. Berkeley and Los Angeles:University of California Press, 1969 (out of print).

Becker, Abraham S., Bent Hansen, and Malcolm H.Kerr. The Economics and Politics of the MiddleEast, The Middle East: Economic and PoliticalProblems and Prospects. New York: AmericanElsevier Publishing Company, 1975 (out of print).

Becker, Abraham S. Military Expenditure Limitationfor Arms Control: Problems and Prospects, With aDocumentary History of Recent Proposals.Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Company,1977 (out of print).

Bellman, Richard. Dynamic Programming. Princeton,N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1957.

Bellman, Richard. Introduction to Matrix Analysis.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1960 (outof print).

Bellman, Richard. Introduction to Matrix Analysis.Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and AppliedMathematics, 1995 (Reprint).

Bellman, Richard. Adaptive Control Processes: AGuided Tour. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UniversityPress, 1961.

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Bellman, Richard (ed.). Mathematical OptimizationTechniques. Berkeley and Los Angeles: Universityof California Press, 1963 (out of print).

Bellman, Richard, and Kenneth L. Cooke.Differential-Difference Equations. New York:Academic Press, 1963.

Bellman, Richard, and Stuart E. Dreyfus. AppliedDynamic Programming. Princeton, N.J.: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1962 (out of print). Facsimilecopies available from University Microfilms, AnnArbor, Mich.

Bellman, Richard E., Harriet H. Kagiwada, Robert E.Kalaba, and Marcia C. Prestrud. InvariantImbedding and Time-Dependent TransportProcesses,Modern Analytic and Computational Methods inScience and Mathematics, Vol. 2. New York:American Elsevier Publishing Company, 1964 (out ofprint).

Bellman, Richard E., and Robert E. Kalaba.Quasilinearization and Nonlinear Boundary-ValueProblems, Modern Analytic and ComputationalMethods in Science and Mathematics, Vol. 3. NewYork: American Elsevier Publishing Company, 1965(out of print).

Bellman, Richard E., Robert E. Kalaba, and Jo AnnLockett. Numerical Inversion of the LaplaceTransform: Applications to Biology, Economics,Engineering, and Physics, Modern Analytic andComputational Methods in Science and Mathematics,Vol. 4. New York: American Elsevier PublishingCompany, 1966 (out of print).

Bellman, Richard E., Robert E. Kalaba, and Marcia C.Prestrud. Invariant Imbedding and RadiativeTransfer in Slabs of Finite Thickness, ModernAnalytic and Computational Methods in Science andMathematics, Vol. 1. New York: AmericanElsevier Publishing Company, 1963 (out of print).

Benjamin, Roger, C. Richard Neu, and Denise Quigley(eds.). Balancing State Intervention: The Limits ofTransatlantic Markets. New York: St. Martin’sPress, 1995.

Berger, Stanley. Laminar Wakes. New York:American Elsevier Publishing Company, 1971 (out ofprint).

Bergson, Abram. The Real National Income of SovietRussia Since 1928. Cambridge, Mass.: HarvardUniversity Press, 1961 (out of print).

Bergson, Abram, and Hans Heymann, Jr. SovietNational Income and Product, 1940–48. New York:Columbia University Press, 1954 (out of print).

Boehm, Barry W. ROCKET: RAND’s OmnibusCalculator of the Kinematics of Earth Trajectories.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1964 (out ofprint).

Brelsford, William M., and Daniel A. Relles.STATLIB: A Statistical Computing Library.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1981.

Bretz, Rudy. A Taxonomy of Communication Media.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Educational TechnologyPublications, 1971.

Bretz, Rudy. Handbook for Producing Educational andPublic-Access Programs for Cable Television.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Educational TechnologyPublications, 1976.

Brewer, Garry D., and James S. Kakalik.Handicapped Children: Strategies for ImprovingServices. New York: McGraw-Hill BookCompany, 1979 (out of print).

Brewer, Garry D., and Martin Shubik. The WarGame: A Critique of Military Problem Solving.Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979.

Brodie, Bernard. Strategy in the Missile Age.Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1959.Paperback edition, 1965.

Brown, J. F. Nationalism, Democracy and Security inthe Balkans. Aldershot, England: DartmouthPublishing Company Limited, 1992.

Bruno, James E. (ed.). Emerging Issues in Education:Policy Implications for the Schools. Lexington,Mass.: Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and Company,1972 (out of print).

Buchheim, Robert W., and the Staff of The RANDCorporation. Space Handbook: Astronautics and ItsApplications. New York: Random House, 1959 (outof print). New York: Vintage Books, RevisedEdition, 1963 (out of print).

Builder, Carl H. The Masks of War: AmericanMilitary Styles in Strategy and Analysis. Baltimore,Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.

Builder, Carl H., The Icarus Syndrome: The Role ofAir Power Theory in the Evolution and Fate of theU.S. Air Force. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction,1994.

Canby, Steven L. Military Manpower Procurement: APolicy Analysis. Lexington, Mass.: LexingtonBooks, D.C. Heath and Company, 1972 (out of print).

Carpenter-Huffman, P. G.. Hall, and G.C. Sumner.Change in Education: Insights from Performance

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Contracting. Cambridge, Mass.: BallingerPublishing Company, 1974 (out of print).

Carpenter-Huffman, Polly, Richard C. Kletter, andRobert K. Yin. Cable Television: DevelopingCommunity Services. New York: Crane, Russak &Company, 1975 (out of print).

Carroll, Stephen J., and Rolla Edward Park. TheSearch for Equity in School Finance. Cambridge,Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1983 (out ofprint).

Carter, Grace M., et al. Building OrganizationalDecision Support Systems. San Diego, Calif.:Academic Press, 1992.

Chapman, Janet G. Real Wages in Soviet Russia Since1928. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,1963 (out of print).

Chassin, Mark R., et al. The Appropriateness ofSelected Medical and Surgical Procedures:Relationship to Geographical Variations. Ann Arbor,Mich.: Health Administration Press, 1989.

Clawson, Marion, Hans H. Landsberg, and Lyle T.Alexander. The Agricultural Potential of the MiddleEast, The Middle East: Economic and PoliticalProblems and Prospects. New York: AmericanElsevier Publishing Company, 1971 (out of print).

Cohen, Bernard, and Jan M. Chaiken. PoliceBackground Characteristics and Performance.Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, D.C. Heath andCompany, 1973 (out of print).

Coleman, James S., and Nancy L. Karweit.Information Systems and Performance Measures inSchools. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: EducationalTechnology Publications, 1972.

Comstock, George, Steven Chaffee, Natan Katzman,Maxwell McCombs, and Donald Roberts. Televisionand Human Behavior. New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1978 (out of print).

Cooper, Charles A., and Sidney S. Alexander (eds.).Economic Development and Population Growth inthe Middle East, The Middle East: Economic andPolitical Problems and Prospects. New York:American Elsevier Publishing Company, 1972.

Crain, Robert L., Rita E. Mahard, and Ruth E. Narot.Making Desegregation Work: How Schools CreateSocial Climates. Cambridge, Mass.: BallingerPublishing Company, 1982 (out of print).

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Wang, Hui, The Gradual Revolution: China’sEconomic Reform Movement. New Brunswick,N.J.: Transaction, 1994.

Wells, Kenneth B., Roland Sturm, Cathy D.Sherbourne, and Lisa S. Meredith. Caring forDepression, Cambridge, Massachusetts: HarvardUniversity Press, 1996.

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