SECTIONALISM AND SLAVERY IN ANTEBELLUM AMERICA 1820-1860
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SECTIONALISM AND SL AVERY IN
ANTEBELLUM AMERICA
1 8 2 0 - 1 8 6 0
WHAT IS SECTIONALISM?
HOW COULD WE APPLY THE IDEA OF SECTIONALISM TO TULSA , OR EDISON?
I. THE NORTH
A. The industrial northeast
• Organized labor
• Urban life
• African Americans
B. The agricultural northwest
• Agriculture
• New cities
C. Immigration
• Irish
• German
• nativist
II. THE SOUTH AND THE RISE OF COTTON
A. “King Cotton”
B. Eli Whitney's cotton gin 1793
• 50x more effective
• “Agricultural factory” and western expansion
• Domestic slave trade
C. Trade
• Exported to England, 80% of their cotton from the US
• 57 % of all American exports
III. THE THREE SOUTHSA. Generalizations
1. The further North one went, the cooler the climate, the fewer the slaves, and the lower the
commitment to maintaining slavery.
2. The further South one went, the warmer the climate, the more the slaves, and the higher the
commitment to maintaining slavery.
3. Mountain whites along the Appalachian Mountains would mostly side with the Union during the
Civil War.
4. The southward flow of slaves (from sales) continued from 1790 to 1860.
5. There was not a unified South except for a common trait of resistance to the perceived outside
interference of the federal gov’t.
WHAT DOES THIS TELL US?
III. THE THREE SOUTHS
B. Border South: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri
1. plantations scarce, mostly tobacco
2. unionists stronger
3. slaves 17%, avg. 5 slaves per holder
4. 22% of families owned slaves
5. 21% free black, 46% of souths total
6. only 1% of souths ultra wealthy
7. 50% of souths industry
III. THE THREE SOUTHS
C. The middle south: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas
1. split between boarder and lower south
2. unionists prevailed till the war started
3. many plantations
4. 30% slaves, avg. 8 slaves per holder
5. 36% of families owned slaves
6.14% ultra wealthy
III. THE THREE SOUTHS
• D. Lower South: South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas
1. most slaves “cotton belt” black belt” along river valleys
2. plantations prevalent
3. dis-unionists prevail
4. 47% slave, avg. 12 slaves per holder
5. less than 2% free
6. 43% of families owned slaves
7. 85% of ultra wealthy
8. produced less than 20% of souths industry
IV. THE “PECULIAR INSTITUTION”
A. The planter “aristocracy”
* political and economic domination by wealthy elites, least democratic, “cavalier” trad.
A. The plantation system
* Large capital investment, mono-crop economy, lack of immigration
B. Plantation slavery
• 4 million slave in 1860, importation ended 1808
• Natural increase, some slaves smuggled in
• Saves were seen as a valuable asset and source of wealth
• Harsh punishment and brutal conditions, western states were the worst, all denied education
IV. THE “PECULIAR INSTITUTION”
D. Afro-American slave culture
* elements of west African culture
* family ties often informal, extended family was more important, mothers!
* oral tradition, religion and music
E. Burdens of slavery
* physical and psychological torture, no education, passive resistance, few escaped
F. Slave revolts
* Stono rebellion 1739
* Gabriel Prosser 1800
* Denmark Vesey
* Nat Turner 1831
* Southern white paranoia
V. THE WHITE MAJORITY
A. Only ¼ owned slaves
B. 75% non slave owners:
• backcountry and mountain valley, “white trash” Hillbillies”
• Subsistence framers
• Strongly defended the slave system, Why?
C. Mountain whites
• Lived in Appalachians, small independent farms, rough life
• Sided with the north
VI. FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS
A. 250,00 in the south
* Boarder states, Mulattos, some property
B. Discrimination in the south
• Prohibited from some jobs
• Always in danger of slavery
C. 250,00 in the north
* Large pop. In some cities, importance of the church
D. Discrimination in the north
* no suffrage, segregation, hated by the Irish, racism as reason against slavery
VII. THE WEST
A. American Indians
• Exodus
• Life on the plains
B. The frontier
• Mountain men
C. White settlers in the west
• Women
• Environmental damage
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