Running head : GeBP GPLs regulate a subset of CPR5 ... file- 2 - GeBP/GPL transcription factors regulate a subset of CPR5-dependent processes Daniel Perazza1, Frédéric Laporte2,
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Running head : GeBP/GPLs regulate a subset of CPR5-dependent processes
Corresponding author; Gilles Vachon, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale,
Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168 CNRS/CEA/INRA/UJF - CEA - 17 rue des Martyrs -
GeBP/GPL transcription factors regulate a subset of
CPR5-dependent processes
Daniel Perazza1, Frédéric Laporte2, Claudine Balagué3,4, Florian Chevalier5,
Shanterika Remo6, Mickaël Bourge7, John Larkin6, Michel Herzog2 and Gilles
Vachon8
1 Institut Albert Bonniot – INSERM/UJF U823, Equipe Interference ARN et
Epigenetique, Rond-point de la Chantourne, 38706 La Tronche Cedex France 2 Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine - Université Joseph Fourier and CNRS – Unité Mixte
de Recherche 5553 - 2233, rue de la piscine - BP 53 - F-38041 GRENOBLE Cedex9,
France. 3 Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes UMR CNRS/INRA 2594/441
BP 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France. 4 CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM),UMR2594
F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France. 5 Present address : Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de
Biotecnología, Campus de Cantoblanco, UAM c/Darwin 3 - 28049 Madrid 6 Department of Biological Sciences, 206 LSB Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, LA 70808 USA 7 Institut des Sciences Végétales CNRS, Bât. 23, Avenue de la Terrasse F-91198
Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France 8 Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale – Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168
CNRS/CEA/INRA/UJF - CEA - 17 rue des Martyrs - bâtiment C2 - 38054
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Figure 1: Gene ontology of gebp gpl1,2,3 and VP16:GPL2 transcriptomic data and transcriptomic similarities with the cpr5 mutant series. A, Gene Ontology of gebp gpl1,2,3 (left) and VP16:GPL2(right) transcriptomic data. Distribution of gene sets among functional biological pathways using Singular Enrichment Analysis of AgriGO are shown. Colors are as in AgriGO, and only the most significant pathways are shown. The ratio of genes involved in each pathway and p-values are indicated within boxes together with the Gene Ontology accession number. The highest probabilities are for the stimuli/stress response (gebp gpl1,2,3 and VP16:GPL2) and cell wall process (VP16:GPL2) pathways. Several entries were not associated to GO terms. Hence 81 genes instead of 88 were used in this analysis for the gebp gpl1,2,3 data and 323 genes instead
of 332 for the VP16:GPL2 data. B, Hierarchical clusterings of genes misregulated in the gebp gpl1,2,3 (left) or VP16:GPL2 (right) and cpr5 mutant series. Graphics were generated using Genevestigator and MultiExperiment Viewer software.
Figure 2: Phenotypic similarities between VP16:GPL2 and cpr5-2 mutants. A, Upper row, rosettes of 3-week-old wild-type, cpr5-2 and VP16:GPL2 plants grown in soil. White arrows indicate early senescing leaves. Middle row, individual third leaves of 4-week-old plants. Control lines expressing the VP16 domain alone showed no visible phenotypes as previously described (Chevalier et al. 2008). Scale bars: 1 mm. Lower row, sizes of trichomes. Scale bars: 100 μm. B, Trypan blue staining of wild-type, cpr5-2, gebp gpl1,2,3 and VP16:GPL2 leaves. Scale bars: 500 μm. C, Bacterial populations in wild-type, cpr5-2, VP16:GPL2 and gebp gpl1,2,3 plants. Inoculations with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 strain were performed on leaves without lesions with a bacterial suspension at 2 x 105 cfu.mL–1. Bacterial populations were measured at 0 (white bars) and 3 days (dark bars) post-inoculation. Mean bacterial densities are shown (three to five replicates with corresponding SDs) for one representative experiment from two or three independent experiments. Asterisks denote significantly different values from bacterial number in the wild-type according to the Student’s t-test (P ≤ 0.05). D, Transcript levels of PR1 and PR5genes in gebp gpl1,2,3 and VP16:GPL2 relative to the wild type. Real-time RT-PCR was performed on 3-week-old rosettes.
Figure 3: Vegetative growth of wild-type, cpr5-2 and gebp gpl1,2,3 cpr5 mutants. A, Rosettes of wt, gebp gpl1,2,3 quadruple mutant, cpr5-2 and gebp gpl1,2,3 cpr5 quintuple mutant grown in soil for 3 weeks. Scale bar: 3 mm. B, Leaf area of the wt, gebp gpl1,2,3 quadruple mutant, cpr5-2 and gebp gpl1,2,3 cpr5 quintuple mutant. C, Leaf elongation rate in wt, cpr5-2, gebp/gpl quadruple mutant and gebp/gpl cpr5-2 quintuple mutant. Plants were grown in soil, and measurements of the third leaf were taken at daily intervals. Initial growth rates were similar in all types of plant.
Figure 4: Aphidicolin sensitivity assay and DNA levels in wt, gebp gpl1,2,3 quadruple mutant, cpr5-2 and gebp gpl1,2,3 cpr5 quintuple mutant. A, Aphidicolin sensitivity assay. Plants were grown in vitro for 3 weeks in the absence (–) or presence (+) of aphidicolin (12 μg.ml–1). Scale bars: 5 mm. B, Distribution of nuclei according to DNA content in cells of third rosette leaves.
Figure 5: Size and number of adaxial pavement cells in leaves of wt and mutant plants.Epidermal cell size and number in wt, gebp gpl1,2,3 quadruple mutant, cpr5-2 and gebp gpl1,2,3cpr5 quintuple mutant. A, Adaxial pavement cell size of third leaves of 3-week-old plants grown in soil. Scale bars: 200 μm. B, Class distribution of epidermal cell size (upper histogram), epidermal cell density (lower left) and estimated epidermal cell number per leaf (lower right). Class distribution of cell size was performed by measuring cell area from third leaves of 3-week-old plants grown in soil (Col, n=147; quadruple mutant, n=149; cpr5, n=294; quintuple mutant, n=191) using ImageJ software. The total number of epidermal cells per leaf was estimated by dividing the leaf area by the average cell area.
Figure 6: Intracellular localization and functional analysis of CPR5 and CPR5ΔTM proteins. A, Subcellular localization of GFP:CPR5 protein in tobacco cells under confocal microscopy. Scale bars: 10 μm. B, Trichome development in plants transformed with 35S:GFP:CPR5 on a cpr5-2mutant background. Young rosette leaves are shown. Scale bars: 1 mm. C, Phenotype of plants transformed with 35S:HA:VP16:CPR5 or 35S:HA:VP16:CPR5ΔTM on a wt background. Young rosettes are shown. White arrows indicate early senescing cotyledons. Scale bars: 3 mm. D, Detection of VP16 fusion proteins in western blots (two upper panels) and transcript levels of PR1 in wt and VP16 plants using semi-quantitative RT-PCR (two lower panels) in wt and VP16 transgenic lines. The star indicates a weak band in the VP16:CPR5 lane corresponding to a protein with a size similar to that of the VP16:CPR5ΔTM protein. Contrast has been increased to better visualize this band. VP16 fusions were detected with a monoclonal anti-HA antibody (Roche). The KARI protein used as a loading control was detected with a polyclonal anti-KARI antibody.