Article Role of Periodontal Bacteria, Viruses, and Placental mir155 in Chronic Periodontitis and Preeclampsia—A Genetic Microbiological Study Jaideep Mahendra 1, *, Little Mahendra 2 , Maryam H. Mugri 3 , Mohammed E. Sayed 4 , Shilpa Bhandi 5 , Rahaf Turki Alshahrani 6 , Thodur Madapusi Balaji 7 , Saranya Varadarajan 8 , Swetha Tanneeru 9 , Abirami Nayaki Rao P. 1 , Sruthi Srinivasan 1 , Rodolfo Reda 10 , Luca Testarelli 10 and Shankargouda Patil 11, * Citation: Mahendra, J.; Mahendra, L.; Mugri, M.H.; Sayed, M.E.; Bhandi, S.; Alshahrani, R.T.; Balaji, T.M.; Varadarajan, S.; Tanneeru, S.; P., A.N.R.; et al. Role of Periodontal Bacteria, Viruses, and Placental mir155 in Chronic Periodontitis and Preeclampsia—A Genetic Microbiological Study. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2021, 43, 831–844. https:// doi.org/10.3390/cimb43020060 Academic Editor: Arumugam R. Jayakumar Received: 29 June 2021 Accepted: 22 July 2021 Published: 29 July 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). 1 Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600095, India; [email protected] (A.N.R.P.); [email protected] (S.S.) 2 Department of Periodontology, Maktoum Bin Hamdan Dental University College, Dubai 213620, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] 3 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 4 Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 5 Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 6 College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 7 Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600127, India; [email protected] 8 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India; [email protected] 9 Department of Periodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore 534003, Andhra Pradesh, India; [email protected] 10 Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (L.T.) 11 Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (S.P.) Abstract: Previous studies assessed the involvement and impact of periodontal bacteria in preeclamp- tic women with chronic periodontitis. To explore further, the current study aimed to associate periodontal viruses and bacteria with mir155 levels in placental tissues of preeclamptic women with generalized chronic periodontitis. Four-hundred 45 pregnant women, 18–35 years of age, were selected and divided into four groups (controls, A, B, and C) where the Controls included 145 systemi- cally and periodontally healthy pregnant women Group A-100 systemically healthy pregnant women with chronic periodontitis, Group B- 100 preeclamptic women with chronic periodontitis, Group C- 100 preeclamptic women without chronic periodontitis. Age, BMI, SES, and periodontal parameters such as PI, BOP, PPD, and CAL were noted. Periodontal pathogens such as Tf, Td, Pg, Pi, Fn, HSV, EBV, and HCMV were tested in subgingival plaque, placental tissues, and mir155. We observed that PI, BOP, PPD, CAL, Tf, and EBV were highly significant in Group B. We found a higher number of periodontal bacteria, viruses, and mir 155 in Group B showing a higher risk of preeclampsia. More genetic studies in this field are advised to ascertain the role of periodontopathogens and mir 155 in preeclampsia and periodontal inflammation. What is already known on this subject? Periodontal diseases pose an increased risk of developing preeclampsia and delivering preterm and/or low-birth- weight babies. What do the results of this study add? Periodontal variables such as PI, pocket depth, BOP, and clinical attachment levels, were found to be increased in the preeclamptic women with chronic periodontitis. The significant difference was seen in the relative fold expression of mir155 with higher gene expression of mir155 in groups B and A as compared to group C and controls. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In our study, mir155 correlation with the periodontal parameters and periodontal pathogens further strengthen the evidence of periodontal inflammation as a risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women especially when Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2021, 43, 831–844. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43020060 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cimb
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