RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on Multimedia, Information Privacy & Intelligent Computing Systems December 9-12, 2008, Yilan, Taiwan Mohammad Tanvir Parvez & Adnan Abdul-Aziz Gutub College of Computer Sciences & Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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RGB Intensity Based Variable-Bits Image Steganography
2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008)1st International Workshop on Multimedia, Information Privacy & Intelligent Computing Systems
December 9-12, 2008, Yilan, Taiwan
Mohammad Tanvir Parvez
&
Adnan Abdul-Aziz Gutub
College of Computer Sciences & EngineeringKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM)
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /212
Outline
The problem Instance Goals
Algorithm Idea Step Examples
Experimentations Visual and statistical analysis Comparisons
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /213
The Problem
Hide (embed) a file within another file
Cover FileData File
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /214
Applications
Hiding copyright info
Avoid snooping
Data encapsulation E.g. explanatory information within X-ray images
Copyright protections
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /215
Algorithmic Goals
Secure Less Distortion
Visual Statistical (like Histogram)
Not guessable Data location
High capacity Not dependent on cover image
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /216
The Idea
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /217
Algorithm: Features
One channel as indicator
Data in one of the other channels
Variable-bits per channel Lower color value – Higher no of bits
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /218
Algorithm Outline
82 45 91
R G BThe Algorithm
1. Chose an indicator
2. Chose the channel
3. Decide no of data bits
- Partition scheme
4. Get & store the data [say
1101]
5. Modify the other channel
(if needed)
82 45 911
82 45 912
01011101 45 010110114
01011101 45 010110105
01010010 45 010110113
93 45 91
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /219
ExampleX: 1 Y: 1RGB: 255, 255, 255
X: 215 Y: 63RGB: 33, 8, 4
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X: 215 Y: 63RGB: 33, 8, 115
X: 1 Y: 1RGB: 254, 255, 255
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Up to 7 bits have been modified
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2110
Expectations
Secure Random indicator sequence
Statistically undetectable Only lower bits are changed
High capacity
How much of these can be achieved?
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2111
Experimentations
Image size: 640 X 480, Bit depth: 24No of pixels = 307200
Image size: 150 X 117, Bit depth: 24Data length = 150896 bits
Cover Image Data File
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2112
Experimentations
100 200 300 400 500 600
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Pixels utilized: 50939 Constant 3 bits per channel
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2113
Experimentations
Pixels utilized: 41061 3/4 bits per channel
100 200 300 400 500 600
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Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2114
Experimentations
Pixels utilized: 38364 Constant 4 bits per channel
100 200 300 400 500 600
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Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2115
Experimentations
Pixels utilized: 35791 4/5 bits per channel
100 200 300 400 500 600
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Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2116
Histograms
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Histogram of Red channel: cover image
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Histogram of Red channel: stego file
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2117
Histograms
Histogram of Green channel: cover image
Histogram of Green channel: stego file
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7000
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Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2118
Histograms
Histogram of Blue channel: cover image
Histogram of Blue channel: stego file
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-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 3000
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Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2119
Comparison
TechniqueNo of data bits
per channel (bits)
No of pixels of cover media utilized
(pixels)
No of pixels of cover media utilized (percentage)
Intensity Based
Variable-Bits
3 50939 16.58%
3 or 4 41061 13.37%
4 38364 12.49%
4 or 5 35791 11.65%
Pixel Indicator
2 + 2 77578 25.25%
3 + 3 59051 19.22%
4 + 4 44687 14.55%
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2120
Comparison: High Capacity
50 100 150 200 250 300
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Pixels utilized: 16.5% Constant 3 bits per channel
Our Algorithm
Pixel Indicator Algorithm
Cover Image
Data File
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2121
Summary
New idea in image based steganography Variable-bits per channel