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Revolutions 4/26/11http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine “Fit to Rule”.
• I. Administrative Stuff-Attendance
• II. The Day the Universe Changed-questions on episode#8 “Fit to Rule”
• III. Homework Friday 4/29/111.) Read Chapter#17 section#3 p.430-435
• They acknowledged the leadership of the Holy Roman Emperor, but each state had its own government, coinage, state church, armed forces, and foreign policy.
• Germany, could have possibly been the most powerful nation in Europe, but it remained divided for another 200 years.
Kiev, Prince Vladimir converted to Byzantine Christianity (Orthodox).
• This caused Russians to be alienated from Western Europeans who were Roman Catholics.
http://www.unn.runnet.ru/pic/museum/kresch.jpg
Ivan the Great• Ivan III, 1462-1505
• He ended Mongol rule in 1480 (refused to pay any more taxes to them)
• Conquered additional land
• Built a strong gov’t based on Byzantine ideas
• He took the title Czar, Russian for Caesar
• He was an autocrat and ruled with absolute powerhttp://www.guidetorussia.org/im/ivan4.jpg
Ivan the Terrible• Ivan IV mid 1500s• He was the grandson of Ivan the
Great.• He strengthen the power of the
autocracy by creating a secret police force & conducting a reign of terror against powerful independent nobles who opposed him.
• He expanded Russian boarders & made contact with the west.
• He issued laws that bound peasants to the land as a result serfdom took root in Russia while it was on the decline in the West.http://encyclopedia.quickseek.com/images/Kremlinpic4.jpg
Peter the Great• Peter I, late 1600s.• Russia fell behind the West
following the Renaissance in areas of technology, military power, and empire.
• He hired western engineers, shipbuilders, and other technological experts to modernize the Russian army & navy, and build industry.
city, later known as St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea.
• It was to be a window on the West.
• When conservative nobles refused to modernize he used force & terror to make them comply.
http://cse.unl.edu/~bkell/st-petersburg.jpg
Examples• When Russian nobles refused to shave
their beards, Peter grabbed a pair of scissors & did it for them.
• He insisted that women, who had been kept in isolation, attend public events.
Results of Peter’s Reforms
• His reforms closed the technology gap between Russia & the west, but didn’t eliminate it.
• Later leaders like Catherine the Great (late 1700s) continued Peter’s reforms during the Enlightenment, except when Enlightenment ideas conflicted with her own autocratic rule.
Russian Expansion• For years Russian rulers
expanded their empires.
• Ivan IV opened Siberia to traders & explorers which eventually extended the empire to the pacific.
• Peter the Great won the cold water ports of modern day Estonia & Latvia
• Catherine the Great won warm water ports on the Black Sea & lands in modern day Poland, Lithuania, & Belarus.