CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Bloch (1984) defined a healthy lifestyle as an orientation toward the prevention of health problems and the maximization of personal wellbeing. While this could legitimately encompass a wide variety of behaviors from flossing after meals to applying sunscreen, most healthy lifestyle research has focused on diet and exercise (Kraft and Goodell, 1993). Healthy Lifestyle is important in daily life. Nowadays, people are concern to create healthy lifestyle in their daily life. The immense influence of this market is underscored by Roger Deromedi, CEO of Kraft Foods, who said: “The growing importance of health and wellness has altered buying patterns to a degree that I have not seen before in the food business” (Howell, 2004). Poor healthy lifestyle will give bad impact to our body. This is because when they did not apply healthy lifestyle in their daily life, it is easy for them to get danger dieses. So, with regard to this particular market, demand has being driven by a large customer needed segment that bases a number of its purchase decisions on its desire to adopt or maintain a healthy lifestyle (Berry, 2004; Weiss, 2002,Beverage Industry, 2004; National Petroleum News, 2002). This study will attempt to better define the profile for this segment by analyzing associations between maintaining a healthy lifestyle and a number of 1
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Bloch (1984) defined a healthy lifestyle as an orientation toward the prevention of health problems and
the maximization of personal wellbeing. While this could legitimately encompass a wide variety of
behaviors from flossing after meals to applying sunscreen, most healthy lifestyle research has focused
on diet and exercise (Kraft and Goodell, 1993). Healthy Lifestyle is important in daily life. Nowadays,
people are concern to create healthy lifestyle in their daily life. The immense influence of this market is
underscored by Roger Deromedi, CEO of Kraft Foods, who said: “The growing importance of health
and wellness has altered buying patterns to a degree that I have not seen before in the food business”
(Howell, 2004). Poor healthy lifestyle will give bad impact to our body. This is because when they did
not apply healthy lifestyle in their daily life, it is easy for them to get danger dieses. So, with regard to
this particular market, demand has being driven by a large customer needed segment that bases a
number of its purchase decisions on its desire to adopt or maintain a healthy lifestyle (Berry, 2004;
Weiss, 2002,Beverage Industry, 2004; National Petroleum News, 2002). This study will attempt to
better define the profile for this segment by analyzing associations between maintaining a healthy
lifestyle and a number of demographic, personal value and psychological characteristics (Lepisto, 2005).
Healthy lifestyle can starts from home. Parents are role models to their children in apply healthy
lifestyle. For example, if children always practice live healthy lifestyle from home, they will apply it at
outside or where ever they go. Research has shown that children's behavior is learned mostly thorough
the observation of others. So parents are in a prime position to influence their children's habits and play
a vital role in shaping their future healthy habits. Parents need to be healthy role models for their kids
(Keogh, 2011). So, every parent behavior will be followed by their children either good behavior or bad
behavior. Parents must show good roles to hat their children. So, children can follow them based on
what they learn from their parent.
1
Nowadays, parent always busy with their works. As a nation they're working longer hours compare to
spending less time at home. They prefer struggle to get that important work-life balance anywhere near
right and their children are suffering as a result (Keogh, 2011). This is one of the reason parent do not
have enough time to encourage their children to practice their healthy lifestyle. So, their children cannot
manage their activity and healthy food by themselves. Parents more influence their children to play
indoor games. So, their children always play indoor games such as computer games, play station and
others. This kind of games may influence them to become obesity. It is because they just sit and play.
Children did not do any exercise when they play indoor game. Other than that, when playing indoor
games, they will not produce any sweat or burn their fat that contained in their bodies.
Children become overweight when the energy they ‘take in’ (through food and drink) is greater than the
energy they ‘put out’ (through physical activity and exercise). A diet high in energy and fat, combined
with low levels of physical activity and exercise, will lead to a person becoming overweight. Children
inherit body type and shape from their parents. Parents cannot change these factors but they can
influence their child’s eating habits and activity patterns, which will also affect their body weight
(Victoria, 2012). In addition, daily activities also affect overweight factors. This is because if children
less to move or exercise, food consumed by them will turn to fat. Fat stores will result in overweight. So,
parents should always control nutrition and their children activities so that this matter can be resolved.
The main factor of overweight begins with indoor games. Indoor games do not require much movement.
So, if not balance their children and activity feeds, it will influence them up to become overweight.
Aware parent also have to control their children. They have to think how to avoid their children from
overweight. Other than that, they have to alert or control an effective activity to their children.
To overcome it, parents need to change this pattern and influence their children's activity levels by
providing opportunities, support and encouragement for them to play sports. So, parents need to once
more become role models to their children (Keogh, 2011). Physical activity can be a part of daily
routine. It is good for parents who use or apply it wisely. For example, every evening weekend, they will
do some exercise together compare with spend too much time in front of the television or computer
screen. It will not only nourish the body. It also can strengthen the tassel silaturahin between parents
and children.
2
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND RESEARCH QUESTION
Changes nowadays can have adverse effects on us. Changes in terms of technology to further reduce
outside activities of a person. Nowadays, children prefer to play indoor games compare to outdoor
games. This is because they always fanatic with technology nowadays. Their parents also feel easy to
monitor their children if their children play indoor games such as computer game, play station and
others. They did not feel worried when they children play indoor games because they easy to guide
them. Parents did not have to think about the danger that they have to think.
This problem may influence obesity to children. This thing will happen when they did not do any
exercise. When they play computer games, what they need to do is just sit and click at the computer. So,
they did not do a lot of movement when they play computer games. Playing indoor games will affect
less air to children. This is because they do not get fresh air because they just sit at home alone. When
they get less fresh air, it will influence them easy to get danger dieses. Other than that, children will be
less social with other people. They just stay at home and did not see or connect with other people.
Factors that we need to overcome in order to prevent it from becoming worse. It will give another bad
impact that will affect others.
Therefore several questions need to be answered such as:-
1) Did the parent aware with their children choices of food?
2) Did the unbalance nutrition will affect our body?
3) Did the parent control their children activities?
4) Did the parent applied healthy lifestyle in their daily life?
5) Did the right choices of food is important for our body?
3
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
i. To identify eating habit of people in Seri Iskandar.
The purpose of the study is to identify the factors toward eating habit of people in Seri Iskandar. From
the purpose researcher can know what factor is influence eating habit of people in Seri Iskandar.
Researcher also can know how they applied it in their daily life.
ii. To analyze the important of healthy lifestyle in Seri Iskandar across gender and position.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the important of healthy lifestyle in Seri Iskandar. Researcher
wants to know whether they applied their healthy lifestyle in daily routine. That is means through the
purpose the important of healthy lifestyle can be measure.
iii. To evaluate the awareness of choices of food.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the awareness of choices of food. It means that from the purpose,
researcher can know what kind of awareness that parents will aware to their children choices of food.
4
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 LITERITURE REVIEW
Obesity is a global problem afflicting all age groups, bringing social and economic burdens (Kara Chan,
2009). Government makes a lot of activities to overcome this problem. People have to control their diet
and activities. Lack of exercise may people to become obesity. So, to prevent it, they have to reschedule
their activity and their diet. If they can control their diet wisely, they can live in healthy life.
DEMOGRAPHIC
Gender is important in create healthy lifestyle. This is because the activity and quantity of food taken by
children and adulthood is different. Nutrition for older people are likely to eat more daily servings of
fruit and vegetables, younger people are less likely to be overweight and more likely to be on a diet
(Richard L. Divine, 2005). Different gender also has different needs and different quantity of food. It
based on their daily activity or daily routine that they do every day. The situation will be different for
children. For example, adult male need to eat more compare to children male. Other than that, active
children need to eat more compare to children who is playing indoor activity. This is because if their
parents do not control their diet and activity, it will influence them to become obesity. Regard to
exercise, aging baby boomers have been identified as the driving force behind the resurgence in the
fitness industry (Weiss, 2002), while an industry study found that people over 55 were the fastest
growing segment in the health club market (Maquire, 1999).
5
Higher income people are more likely to exercise and are more likely to be using exercise as a means of
losing weight. They will spend their money to go to gym or buy any exercise machine so that they can
use it to do an exercise. Other than that, they will conscious with regard to nutrition. Income is
positively or high income linked to fruit and vegetable consumption (Richard L. Divine, 2005). So, they
are who most have the high income more easily apply healthy lifestyle compare to those who has lower
incomes. This happens because, who has higher income people are more concern with their health and
family health. They also will buy a high quality of fruit and vegetable with full of vitamin and nutrient.
They can balance their family healthy diet so that they will life in healthy lifestyle.
Lastly is about education. With regard to education, all the data suggest that healthy lifestyle consumers
are likely to be more educated. People with higher education are more likely to exercise and are more
likely to watch their diet. They also are more likely to manage they diet in systematically so that they are
always apply healthy diet. In addition, Nayga (1997) found a positive link between education and
interest in nutrition, while Goldsmith et al. (1995) found a negative link between education and attitudes
toward snacking. It means parent who is more educated will concern with their children healthy
lifestyle. They will choose suitable food and activity that is suitable for their children. This is because
they want their children to stay healthy and avoid from danger dieses.
6
AWARENESS
From the research that the researcher get, Results show that four in ten parents think they do not have
enough information about providing their child with a healthy diet. Bearing in mind that
raisingkids.co.uk is a website for parents and we can assume a high level of interest in nurturing
children, this figure suggests a widespread lack of knowledge of nutritional guidelines (Pat Spungin,
2004). So, tells that parents do not concern with the health of their children. To prevent this from
happening, they need to change their way of upbringing of their children. Important things that should
be changed are activities of their children. Their children have to be more active in sports or outdoor
games compare to indoor game. Healthy exercise behavior influencing lifestyle. This is because if the
Children did not do exercise, they may be susceptible to disease. Their weight will easily go up. This
will make them easy to get fat.
Governments worldwide are bracing themselves with the issue of an “obesity epidemic” soon. If they do
not curb this issue, the situation will become worse. This condition can potentially lead to a range of
health problems such as heart disease, diabetes and even premature death (Kulasagaran, 2009). So,
parents do not to be surprised if now their children easy susceptible to danger disease compare with the
past. Parents should endeavor to address the "obesity epidemic" in order to avoid their children in faced
from health problems. Worryingly, there has been a rise in cases of obesity among children. Many
studies indicate a link between the consumption of junk food to obesity in children (Kulasagaran, 2009).
It will also contribute to the deadly disease that will be faced by children. So, parent has to improve their
knowledge about this. When they know what happen, they will more conscious with their children food
and activity.
7
Next is about media. The more a child is exposed to television, the more they will accept the images
depicted are real (Solomon, 1996). A factor supported by Hastings et al. (2003) who argues that
advertising to children depicts messages of fantasy and fun. They will more use their imagination and
try it if they think it is not danger for them. Through the use of cartoon characters, media personalities
and snappy jingles, adverts can be effective in establishing consumer loyalty at a very young age (Keane
and Willetts, 1994). It can be difficult for a parent in the supermarket environment to resist the insistent
demands of a child to buy new food that they have seen on television (Darian, 1998; Moore and
Moschis, 1983; Moschis et al., 1980). For example, Ribena ads. They use different ads to attract children
to buy their product. They use cartoon and jingle for their advertising based on children imagination.
When children see Ribena at supermarket, they will ask their parent to buy it. Advertising aimed at
children is of particular concern (Keane and Willetts, 1994; Moore and Moschis, 1983; Moschis et al.,
1980).Nowadays, advertising may influence children food buying behavior. The survey established that
parents believe children are influenced by advertising. They take their children foods shopping with
them and in the store the children ask for food products they’ve seen advertised (Pat Spungin, 2004). In
addition, advertising is also affecting children to buy their product seen by. Children are easily
influenced by the ads they saw. They will follow the advertisement. Nowadays, company uses many
ways to attract children to buy their product. They will make some ads those children easy to remember.
So, children are influence to buy their product.
HEALTHY DIET
Healthy eating practices and indicates the problems involved in determining whether or not the British
consumer has adopted a nutritious and healthy diet. Healthy eating messages were widely received and
understood; however, there was some confusion over their content, skepticism regarding the veracity
and motivation of some sources and a growing resentment of boring and puritanical themes (Sarah
Maddock, 1999). There are people that one choose or define a healthy diet is. A healthy diet is a
balanced diet selection as there are in the food pyramid. Figure 1 show some food pyramid that must
follow by parents to their children.
8
Figure 1
As children grow they become more sophisticated and are increasingly influenced by their peers at
school (Darian, 1998). Research indicates that most young consumers display emerging traits of
independence with regard to their daily food behavior and are confident about which foods they prefer,
i.e. junk food rather than healthy food alternatives (Warwick et al., 1999). Junk food is the main food
that was chosen by them. They do not know the bad impact when they eating junk food. So, parent has
to pay more attention to their children so that they do not take or eating more junk food. There are some
ingredient of junk food may give danger dieses to children. So, parent should more aware to avoid their
children from take or eating more junk food.
The large array of nutrients needed for optimal bone growth is provided through the consumption of a
variety of foods. For example, strict vegetarians or vegans who totally exclude animal products are faced
with the challenge of getting enough calcium and vitamin D. Well planned meals need to include foods
rich in these two nutrients because plant foods typically provide enough of all the other nutrients. This
challenge is greatly enhanced by the use of soy milk fortified with vitamin D and calcium (Sarah
Maddock, 1999). A balance of nutrient also a rate is important in Healthy diet. Because this is, if we
provide enough nutrients from children, it will help our health as adults. Besides, it also strengthens our
spine. Sufficient protein and energy is needed to support the growth of all organs of the body, not simply
the skeleton. In fact, body growth may be optimal with adequate protein and energy, even when the
accumulation of mineral mass during skeletal growth is suboptimal because of insufficient intakes of
calcium and vitamin D. Rickets, for example, often occurs in young children with relatively normal
height and weight for age (Sarah Maddock, 1999).
9
2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 2
The theoretical framework can divided into two variables which are independent variable and dependent
variable. As in the diagram shows below, there are three arrows goes to the one box. Those three boxes
are the independent variables while the one box there was the dependent variable. The dependent
variable relies on the independent variables because the dependent variable can’t make this research
proposal complete, logic and interesting without the independent variables.
‘Healthy lifestyle’ is the word that in the dependent variable box. Healthy lifestyle will occur when they
are the several independent variable are exist. First is demographic. Demographic as the people know, it
was something that are needed by the people in their daily life. It is something basic that based on
gender, age, income and education.
The independent variable was follow with awareness. In this variable, the researcher wants to know how
their parent aware to manage their children in applied healthy lifestyle in their daily life. Other than that,
the researcher also can know how parent prevent their children from obesity. When the children play
indoor games, it will influence them to be obesity.
10
Demographic
Awareness
Healthy Diet
Healthy Lifestyle
IV DV
H1
H2
H3
Lastly is healthy diet. Healthy diet is one of the factors of healthy lifestyle. The researcher wants to
know how parents apply an effective food pyramid to their children. Besides that, they have to control
the quantity of nutrition of their children meal.
2.3 HYPOTHESES AND QUESTION
Hypothesis:
Based on the theoretical framework, the researcher wants to know whether independent variable and
dependent variables have a relationship. There are some hypotheses that can be use on this research such
as:
H1: There is a positive relationship between demographic and healthy lifestyle.
H2: There is a positive relationship between awareness and healthy lifestyle.
H3: There is a positive relationship between healthy diet and healthy lifestyle.
Question:
The following research questions will be explored:
Q1: Does demographic will help parent to applied healthy lifestyle?
Q2: Does awareness interest to motivate parent in healthy lifestyle?
Q3: Does healthy diet may help children to motivate in healthy lifestyle?
11
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHOLOGY
3.1 POPULATION AND SAMPLE
For the technique, it can be divided into two categories that are probability sampling and non probability
sampling. Appendix 2(refer to appendix) show the picture of research area. It is easy to the researcher to
know the research area before they make a research. So for this research, the researcher wants to use
simple random sampling as a technique for the research. This simple random sampling is under
probability sampling. It is simple to conduct. First, the researcher will put the house number into a box.
Then the researcher will collect 20 house numbers at Taman Maju, another 20 house numbers at Bandar
University and last 20 house numbers at SIDEC. From the number that the researchers get, it will be its
sampling. The researcher chooses the sampling based on figure 3(refer to appendix).
This research is conduct at Seri Iskandar, Perak. The questionnaire will be distributed to the resident of
Seri Iskandar. This is because of the sampling is around Seri Iskandar. The researcher reduce the
sampling scope where focus on parents. 60 questionnaires will be dividing into three parts, where 20
questionnaires for parents at Taman Maju, another 20 for parents at Bandar University and last 20
questionnaire for parents at SIDEC. The questionnaire will be distributed to parents where this can make
easy for researcher to get the information directly from the respondent.
12
3.2 INSTRUMENTATION
The instrumentation that can be applied in this study is by the questionnaires. This is really suitable
instrument that can be applied for this research to make them easy to collect the data. Questionnaire is
a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering
information from respondents. The researcher provides 21 questions to answer the research.
There are many questions can be ask for this research study. But need to remember that the questions
must relate to the topic of the study. The questions also must be suitable for the students to answer it. In
a questionnaire, the researcher may divide the questions in the questionnaires into several parts. For the
questionnaire there will be 5 sections of the questions, which is section A, section B, section C, section
D and lastly section E.
For the section A, require respondents to fill up their background details such as gender, parent
education, parent occupation, parent income and parent position. This type of question is using close
ended questions. While for section B, question is based on the demographic (IV). From here, the
researcher can know income, parent position and their education level that may influence healthy
lifestyle. This type of question is using likert-type questions based on the five point ranging from
strongly disagree to strongly agree. In section C, questions based on the awareness (IV) about how
parent aware to apply healthy lifestyle to their children. The important of the question will be on five-
point likert-type questions ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Next is section D. It based
on healthy diet (IV). The researcher wants to know how they apply an effective healthy diet to their
children. Question will be on; five point liket-type questions ranging from strongly disagree to strongly
agree. Lastly is section E. In this section the researcher use likert-type question ranging from strongly
disagree to strongly agree. The researcher creates questions based on healthy lifestyle (DV). From this
question the researcher can know whether resident agree or disagree in apply healthy lifestyle in their
daily life.
13
3.3 DATA COLLECTION
Data collection is the process of acquiring subjects and gathering information needed for a study,
methods of collection will vary depending on the study design. The data collection for my research is
from Primary data and Secondary data. Where for the primary data is data from the questionnaire that
has been answer by the respondent. Which is the data is get directly from the respondent and mostly data
from the primary data is more accurate and informative. This data the researcher get from SPSS. From
this data, the researcher will analyze it. Hence, for the secondary data, the researcher has been referring
to the journal, article and internet that based on research topic. Moreover, the secondary data that the
researcher gets from the journal is helping me in guiding me to make a research. Basically, the journal
that guides the researcher to done the research is a research from the previous researcher that related
with the topic. From that, it will help researcher in make a perfect research, where researcher can use the
previous research by using the framework that already have in the previous research and make a new
research based on the new scope and respondent related to the topic.
The main journals that researcher use for this research are:
i. Analysis of the healthy lifestyle consumer
ii. Parent power, not pester power
iii. Attitude toward organic foods among Taiwanese as related to health consciousness,
environmental attitudes, and the mediating effects of a healthy lifestyle
14
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis needs to be analyzes from the data collection. To analyses the data collections, the
researcher needs to use the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) which a computer program
used for survey authoring and deployment. In other words, the SPSS is the system that will make the
researcher easy to calculate the data collection. Data type that will be analyzed is based on frequency,
cronbach`s alpha, descriptive statistic, pearson`s correlation and crosstab. For the frequency the data
investigate four variables only meanwhile crosstab will be investigated for one variable with two types
of demographic question. Generally, SPSS is a good for first statistical package for researcher that
wanting to carry out quantitative research in healthy lifestyle because it is simple to use. The advantages
of applying SPSS are discover unusual data. Other than that, the researcher also can know whether all
the data is enough or not enough fill up. Researcher wants to generate the data into crosstab because
from the crosstab it can show whether the independent variable and the dependent variable have a
relationship through the use of the healthy lifestyle. Hence, for the frequency, to measure based on the
independent variable itself.
Through data analysis researcher can analyze the data based on the respondent’s answer. By using this
SPSS, researcher can identify the factor which are demographic, awareness and healthy diet whether this
three factors influence toward the use of healthy lifestyle. The data will be performing in the frequency
data. From that, the researcher can determine whether factors have relationship with the dependent
variable or not. Besides that, from this data analysis, researcher also can analyze based on demographic
toward the healthy lifestyle. This kind of data will be performing by using crosstab. Lastly, researcher
also can measure the data of healthy diet toward the healthy lifestyle. The data also will be perform in
crosstab; from that researcher can determine what kind of healthy diet that influences them to create
healthy lifestyle. By analyze the data; the purpose of the study will be answer.
Breaking barriers to healthy food choice and physical activity in young children. (2008, Julay). Retrieved from Europian Food Information Council: http://www.eufic.org/article/en/health-and-lifestyle/physical-activity/artid/Breaking-barriers-to-healthy-food-choice-physical-activity-in-young-children/
Guidelines for physical activity. (2009, March). Retrieved from http://www.eufic.org/article/en/health-and-lifestyle/physical-activity/artid/Guidelines-physical-activity/
34
How to eat healthily on a budget. (2011, March). Retrieved from European Food Information Concil: http://www.eufic.org/article/en/health-and-lifestyle/healthy-eating/artid/How-to-eat-healthily-on-a-budget/