Research Methodology1- Introduction

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Research methodology

An introduction

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Research.????

Meaning:

In common parlance research refers

to a search for knowledge

Research is a systematic attempt to obtain

answers to meaningful questions about

phenomena or events through the application

of scientific procedures

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Contd.

Research is an objective, impartial,empirical and logical analysis andrecording of controlled observations

that may lead to the development ofgeneralization, principles or theories,resulting into some extent in prediction

and control of events that may beconsequence of causes of specificphenomena

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Research Definition!

Acc. to Advanced Learners Dictionary of

Current English Research is a careful investigation or

inquiry specially through search for new

facts in any branch of knowledge

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Definition Cont..

Research is a movement, a movement

from the known to the unknown

* Redman & Mory

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Fred N. Kerlinger defines research as:

A systematic, controlled, empirical and

critical investigation of hypothetical

propositions about the presumed

relations among natural phenomena

Definition Cont..

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Acc. to Berelson and Steiner:

Research is a form of enquiry in which

procedures are public, definitions are

precise, data collection is objective,

findings are replicable

Definition Cont..

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In summary:

Research is a systematic attempt toobtain answers to meaningful questions

about phenomena or events through the

application of scientific procedures

Definition Cont..

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Characteristics of

Research

Research is directed towards the

solution of a problem

Research emphasizes the development

of generalisation, principle or theories

that will be helpful in predicting future

occurrences

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Research is based upon observable

experience or empirical evidence.

Research demands accurateobservation and description.

Research involves gathering new data

from primary or first hand sources orusing existing data for a new purpose

Characteristics of Research

..contd

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Research requires expertise. Theresearcher knows what is already knownabout the problem and how others haveinvestigated it.

Research strives to be objective andlogical, applying every possible test to

validate the procedures employed, thedata collected and the conclusionsreached.

Characteristics of Research

..contd

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Research is characterised by patient andunhurried activity.

Research is carefully recorded and

reported.

Characteristics of Research

..contd

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Goals of Research

Exploration:

An attempt to determine whether ornot a phenomenon exists.

An attempt to answer question of the

form does Xhappens?

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Description:

Involves examining a phenomenon to

more fully define it or to differentiate itfrom other phenomena.

Involves description of an object, aperson or an event at the time data are

collected. But that description maychange over time.

Goals of Research..contd..

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Prediction:

Prediction / identification of

relationships

Prediction of one phenomena by

knowing other phenomena

Goals of Research..contd..

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Action:

Refers to research conducted to

solve a problemAction research can involve any of

the previously mentioned goals, but

adds to such goals the requirement offinding a solution of doing something

Goals of Research..contd..

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Why do Research

Four important reasons

- Promotes basic knowledge- Development of new tools

- Informs public

- Effective planning

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Aims & Objectives of a PG

Dissertation

To teach fundaments of research

methodology

To simulate an interest in research Helps to develop the necessary skills

required to do research

Helps to critically analyse literature

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Role of guide

Role of PG

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