Referat Trauma Ledakan Bom

8/17/2019 Referat Trauma Ledakan Bom

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Referat

TRAUMA LEDAKAN BOM

Disusun Oleh:

Khumaisiyah, S.Ked 04054821517090

Rio Yus Ramadhani, S.Ked 04054821517093

us!ino"#es!, S.Ked 04084821517001

$em%im%in&

d#. 'nd#a Sa(!i )asu!ion, S".*

D+$R-++) *OR+)S'K

*K/-S K+DOK-+R) /)'+RS'-S SR''Y

RS/$ D#. OD O+S') $+)

2015

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN


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Referat

TRAUMA LEDAKAN BOM

Oleh:

Khumaisiyah, S.Ked 04054821517090

Rio Yus Ramadhani, S.Ked 04054821517093

us!ino"#ian#es!, S.Ked 04084821517001

-elah di!e#ima se%a&ai salah sa!u sya#a! dalam men&i(u!i Ke"ani!e#aan

Klini( di De"a#!emen *o#ensi( *a(ul!as Kedo(!e#an /ni6e#si!as S#iiaya RS/$

D#. ohammad oesin $alem%an& "e#iode 12 anua#i 201 15 *e%#ua#i 201.

$alem%an&, anua#i 201

$em%im%in&

d#. 'nd#a Sa(!i )asu!ion, S".*

DAFTAR ISI

2


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Halaman Juul!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

Halaman Pen#e$ahan!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!""

Daftar I$"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"""

'...........................................................................................................1

1.1........................................................................................................ a!a#

ela(an&........................................................................................1

''..........................................................................................................4

2.1. De;inisi...........................................................................................4

2.2. ahan $eleda(................................................................................5

2.2.1. De;inisi.....................................................................................5

2.2.2. Si;a!...........................................................................................

2.2.3. Klasi;i(asi.................................................................................8

2.2.4. im%ah......................................................................................13

2.3. e(anisme ....................................................................................13

2.4. Klasi;i(asi......................................................................................1

2.5. eala Klinis..................................................................................21

2.. -#auma $si(olo&i $as


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PENDAHULUAN

eda(an da"a! menye%a%(an (e#usa(an mul!isis!em se#!a menye%a%(an


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(o#%an yan& menin&&al di!emu(an 20 o#an&? mende#i!a #e6ised !#auma s(on!usio "a#u, syo(

hemo#a&i( de#aa! ''',


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Kasus "em%oman !e#a(hi# yan& menelan (o#%an ia !e#adi di a#ea se(i!a#

ho!el Sa#inah, a(a#!a $usa! "ada Kamis "a&i, 14 anua#i 201. eda(an !e#se%u!

!e#&olon& low explosive >leda(an %e#(e(ua!an #endah? dan di dalam %om

di!emu(an isi %om %e#u"a "a(u, mu#, lem"en&an %e#%en!u( %ula!, se%uah "enu!u"

men&&una(an a(i mo!o# dan "emi


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BAB II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

(!)! Def"n"$" Trauma Lea%an

u(a leda(an adalah lu(a yan& dise%a%(an %e#ada di de(a! leda(an.

enis lu(a yan& "alin& se#in& diliha! oleh do(!e# mili!e#, mes(i"un me#e(a

u&a da"a! !e#adi dalam "en&a!u#an si"il se%a&ai a(i%a! da#i (e


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>misalnya, (e%e#adaan "eexplosive! adalah %ahan a!au Ca! yan& %e#%en!u(


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(e%u!uhan mili!e# yan& lain, dimana %ahan "eleda( un!u( (edua

(e&unaan !e#se%u! dia!as se!elah di"#odu(si se"tren#t?

Ke(ua!an sua!u %ahan "eleda( %e#(ai!an den&an (andun&an ene#&i

yan& dimili(i oleh %ahan "eleda( !e#se%u! dan me#u"a(an u(u#an

(emam"uan %ahan "eleda( !e#se%u! un!u( mela(u(an (e#a,

%iasanya dinya!a(an dalam @.

2. Keu(u#an %u!i#, %o%o! isi?, diame!e# dodol >diame!e# lu%an&

leda(?, de#aa! "en&u#un&an >deee o; sensivity?

9


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Ke"e(aan >"ensivity? adalah u(u#an %esa#nya im"uls yan&

di"e#lu(an oleh %ahan "eleda( un!u( mulai %e#ea(si dan

menye%a#(an #ea(si "eleda(an (eselu#uh isian. Ke"e(aan ini

!e#&an!un& "ada : (om"osisi (imia, u(u#an %u!i#, %o%o! isi,

"en&a#uh (andun&an ai#, dan !em"e#a!u#.

4. o%o! isi %ahan "eleda( >density?

o%o! 'si ahan $eleda( >density? adalah "e#%andin&an an!a#a %e#a!

dan 6olume %ahan "eleda(, dinya!a(an dalam BS?, stick count >SA?

a!au loadin# density >d?.5. -e(anan de!onasi > 'etonation ressure?

-e(anan De!onasi > 'etonation ressure? me#u"a(an "enye%a#an

!e(anan &elom%an& leda(an dalam (olom isian %ahan "eleda(,

dinya!a(an dalam (ilo%a# >(%?.

. Ke!ahanan !e#hada" ai# >)ater Resistance?

Ke!ahanan -e#hada" i# >)ater Resistance? me#u"a(an

(emam"uan %ahan "eleda( i!u sendi#i dalam menahan ai# dalam

a(!u !e#!en!u !an"a me#usa(, me#u%ah a!au men&u#an&i

(e"e(aannya, dinya!a(an dalam am.

7. Si;a! as e#a *umes?

ahan "eleda( yan& meleda( men&hasil(an dua (emun&(inan enis

&as yai!u smo(e a!au ;umes. Smo(e !ida( %e#%ahaya (a#ena hanya

!e#di#i da#i ua" a!au asa" yan& %e#a#na "u!ih. Sedan&(an ;umes

%e#a#na (unin& dan %e#%ahaya (a#ena si;a!nya %e#aAO? dan o(sida ni!#o&en >)OE?.

*umes da"a! !e#adi i(a %ahan "eleda( yan& dileda((an !ida(

memili(i (eseim%an&an o(si&en, da"a! u&a i(a %ahan "eleda( i!u

#usa( a!au sudah (adalua#sa selama "enyim"anan dan oleh se%a%

lain.

8. udah !e#%a(a# > *lammability?

Kemudahan %ahan "eleda( !e#hada" ini!asi da#i %un&a a"i a!au

nyala a"i. e%e#a"a (andun&an %ahan "eleda( da"a! dileda((an

den&an a"i. *lammability me#u"a(an "e#!im%an&an yan& san&a!

"en!in& un!u( "enyim"anan, !#ans"o#!asi, dan "ema(aiannya.

9. -ahan %e(u (Resistance to *ree+in# ?

10


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$ada ne&a#a=ne&a#a yan& !e#adi musim din&in den&an !em"e#a!u#

di %aah 0oA, di%u!uh(an %ahan "eleda( yan& !ahan %e(u. Dinami!

menadi le%ih (e#as "ada !em"e#a!u# #endah dan a(an me#u&i(an

dalam "en&isian lu%an& !em%a(.

(!(!&! Kla$"f"%a$" Bahan Pelea%

ahan "eleda( di(lasi;i(asi(an %e#dasa#(an sum%e# ene#&inya

menadi %ahan "eleda( me(ani(, (imia dan nu(li#. Ka#ena "ema(aian

%ahan "eleda( da#i sum%e# (imia le%ih luas di%andin& da#i sum%e#

ene#&i lainnya, ma(a "en&(lasi;i(asian %ahan "eleda( (imia le%ih

in!ensi; di"e#(enal(an. $e#!im%an&an "ema(aiannya an!a#a lain, ha#&a

#ela!i; mu#ah, "enan&anan !e(nis le%ih mudah, le%ih %anya( 6a#iasi

a(!u !unda >delay time? dan di%andin& nu(li# !in&(a! %ahayanya

le%ih #endah. ahan "eleda( permissible dalam (lasi;i(asi di a!as

"e#lu di(o#e(si (a#ena !ida( semua me#u"a(an %ahan "eleda( lemah.

ahan "eleda( "e#missi%le di&una(an (husus un!u( mem%e#ai(an

%a!u%a#a di!am%an& %a!u%a#a %aah !anah dan enisnya adalah

%las!in& a&en! yan& !e#&olon& %ahan "eleda( (ua!.

Sam"ai saa! ini !e#da"a! %e#%a&ai


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e#dasa#(an (elasnya %ahan "eleda( da"a! di&olon&(an se%a&ai

%e#i(u!:

1. a#dasa#(an "ema(aiannya

a. ahan "eleda( mili!e# >%u#s!in&?

/mumnya di"a(ai dalam o"e#asi mili!e#, misalnya un!u(

"e"e#an&an, melu(ai, mem%unuh >%om na"alm, ana!,ds%?.

Ka#a(!e#is!i( ahan "eleda( mili!e# ha#us memenuhi %e%e#a"a

"e#sya#a!an an!a#a lain :

a#us memili(i daya han6e#y

%#issan!?. -ida( "e(a !e#hada" "u(ulan a!au !um%u(an.

-ida( mudah !e#%a(a#.

Da"a! disim"an den&an s!a%il.

-ida( menye#a" ai#.

-ida( #ea(!i; !e#hada" lo&am.

Da"a! di%ua! den&an


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F Dinami!, yan& di(enal den&an nama H)i!#o lyslu##y, a!e#&el, +mulsion +E"losi6es?.

F ahan "eleda( "em%an!u H>las!in&

Aonne

G, dan seenisnya.

2. e#dasa#(an (ehi&h a

ahan (imia yan& dima(sud adalah ni!#o&lyse#in, dinami!, A=

4, • i&h


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F $e#u%ahan (imia di %aah (eL3500 %a#?

ahan "eleda( lemah %u(an me#u"a(an %ahan "eleda(

"en&han%lasmo(eless "ode#?, %ahan

"endo#on& #o(e! >#o!un&&al? dise%u! u&a "#ima#y eE"losi6e dan !e#masu( %ahan

"eleda( (ua! >i&h +E"losi6e?. Yan& !e#masu( %ahan "eleda(

u!ama >$#ima#y +E"losi6e? adalah: e#A-?, DiaCodini!#o;enol >DD)$?,

-e!#asen, e(same!ilendiamin "e#o(sida >-D?, $en!a

+#y!#i!ol -e!#a )i!#a! >$+-)?, -#i )i!#o -oluen >-)-?.

%. ahan "eleda( )*O?.4. e#dasa#(an (e"e(aannya

a. 'ni!ia!in& eE"losi6e

ahan "eleda( yan& mudah meleda( (a#ena adanya a"i, "anas,

%en!u#an, dan &ese(an, misalnya: $%), &>O)A?2,

A2)4O5 dan lain=lain. ahan ini %iasanya di&una(an

se%a&ai mua!an "#ime# dalam "emi


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$eleda( non inisiasi yai!u %ahan "eleda( yan& hanya meleda(

%ila !elah di"i


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(e


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%e#"e#an "en!in& dalam (e"a#ahan primary blast injuries?.

2. *ase ne&a!i;

$ada ;ase ne&a!i; >;ase 6a(um?, !e#adi "enu#unan !e(anan di %aah

!e(anan uda#a lin&(un&an. al ini men&a(i%a!(an !e#hisa"nya o%e(,

se"e#!i endela=endela !e#!a#i( (e lua#. +;e( ;ase ne&a!i; leda(an !e#hada"

!u%uh manusia !e#nya!a mi#i" den&an %las! ind? dan (emudian (em%ali no#mal.

las! ind !e#adi a(i%a! uda#a dalam 6olume %esa# %e#&ese# a(i%a! &as

yan& dihasil(an leda(an. las! a6e (emudian men&hilan& dan (emudian

(em%ali (e !e(anan a!mos;e# no#mal. Dalam #uan& !e#!u!u", &am%a#an

&elom%an& leda(an %e#%eda. 'ni dia(i%a!(an oleh #e;le(si &elom%an& "ada

dindin& dan o%e(=o%e( di se(i!a#nya. -e#adi "un


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yan& %e#ada di alu# leda(an !ida( hanya !e#(ena !e(anan da#i %a#o!#auma,

melain(an u&a !e(anan da#i uda#a %e#(eali#an uda#a

"a(sa su"e#=di"anas(an?.

a. -#auma eda(an $#ime#

Aede#a leda(an se


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mem%#an !im"ani adalah (om"li(asi da#i blast injury >lu(a leda(an?.

e%e#a"a "asien men&alami (e#usa(an "a#u !e!a"i mem%#an !im"aninya

!ida( #u"!u#. $ada primary injury !e#adi "e#;o#asi &endan& !elin&a. O#&an

lain yan& men&alami (elainan se!elah (e


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da#i !anah a!au lum"u# da"a! menin&&al(an (a#a(!e#is!i( yan& sama %e#u"a

a#na (ehi!am=hi!aman "ada (uli!.


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!e#hi#u", "a"a#an #adiasi, !e#(ena #e#un!uhan &edun&. *ase ini da"a! !e#adi

dalam "e#iode yan& "anan&,


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"e#mu(aan !u%uh. dan !elin&a

%a&ian

!en&ah.

!en&ah

• %domen "e#da#ahan dan

"e#;o#asi = lo%e >ma!a?

"e-' !an"a

!anda=!anda ;isi( da#i

;#a&men!asi? a!au %isa

!e#adi?

Tertiary asil da#i indi6idu

yan& dilem"a#(an

oleh an&in leda(an.

Se!ia" %a&ian

!u%uh yan&

mun&(in a(an

!e#"en&a#uh.

• *#a(!u# dan !#auma

am"u!asi

• Aede#a o!a( !e#!u!u" dan

!e#%u(a

Quaternar

y

Semua leda(an

yan& %e#hu%un&an

den&an flas, "a#sial, dan

(e!e%alan "enuh?

• /rus

•


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(!.! Ge/ala Kl"n"$ Trauma Lea%an

-a%el 2. eala Klinis $ada Aede#a eda(an

S"$tem -eera atau K,n"$"

Au"t,r" em%#an !im"ani "e


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da#i 40 "si1. Kom"#esi dindin& dada yan& !e#adi %e#"en&a#uh !e#hada"

(e"a#ahan


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mu(us, se#!a "enu#unan "#odu(si su#;a(!an. Ke!i&a ;a(!o# !e#se%u!

men&a(i%a!(an (ola"snya al6eolus. (i%a! lain yan& di!a(u!(an "ada !#auma

leda(an adalah adanya em%oli uda#a. +m%oli uda#a hanya !e#adi "ada "asien

den&an (on!usio "a#u dan men&a(i%a!(an (ema!ian dalam am "e#!am.

+m%oli !e#adi a(i%a! adanya ;is!ula %#on(o6as(ula# yan& da"a! me#u"a(an

a(i%a! lan&sun& !#auma leda(an mau"un se%a&ai (om"li(asi "ena!ala(sanaan

&a&al na"as. danya em%oli uda#a !ida( da"a! disin&(i#(an "ada "asien

"e#!ama. $asien (edua elas !ida( mende#i!a (elainan ini (a#ena !ida( ada

&eala mau"un !anda adanya em%oli. eala dan !anda mem%e#i(an &am%a#an

in;a#( mio(a#d, (e%u!aan, lidah yan& "u


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di%a&i menadi


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di%e#i(an (eluhan sa(i! (e"ala, (elelahan, (onsen!#asi yan& %u#u(, (elesuan,

de"#esi, &elisah, insomnia, a!au &eala (ons!i!usional lainnya. eala &e&a#

o!a( dan "os! !#auma!i< s!#ess diso#de# da"a! se#u"a.

-a%el 3. $e#alanan (linis a(i%a!


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• alan


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Au$%ulta$" • )a;as asime!#i( Sounds

• Rales

• heeCes

• )a;as a#u

asime!#i( Sounds

Pal9at",n • +m;isema su%(u!an

• %dominal -ende#ness

• S"inal de;o#mi!y o# -ende#ness

• a#u a!au nye#i

"e#u! "#oesi;

• %dominal #i&idi!y

o# #e%ound!ende#ness

Per2u$$",n • Dada sime!#is

$e#(usi

La"n • S!a!us Diu%ah

en!al

•*o


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• en&alami (em%ali (eadian !#auma!i< >Re =eE"e#ien#ousal?

$ada indi6idu yan& men&alami $-SD, sys!em sya#a; o!omon !e!a"

dalam (ondisi sia&a mes(i"un "e#is!ia !#auma!is !e!a" %e#lalu dan indi6idu

!elah !e#selama!(an. (!i6i!as hi""o


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adalah &am%a#an %e#


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la"a#o!omi a!au "em%edahan lainnya un!u( men


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$ena!ala(sanaan "asien yan& di


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dila(u(an #es!#i(si


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$asal 187

a#an& sia"a den&an sen&aa menim%ul(an (e%a(a#an, leda(an, a!au %ani#,

dian


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a#an& sia"a den&an ma(sud un!u( men&un!un&(an di#i sendi#i a!au o#an&

lain se


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BAB III

PENUTUP

&!)! Ke$"m9ulan

eda(an da"a! menye%a%(an (e#usa(an mul!isis!em se#!a menye%a%(an

explosive? adalah %ahan a!au Ca! yan& %e#%en!u(


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melalui medium di se(i!a#nya >uda#a, ai#, dan !anah? mem%en!u( blast wave.

Blast wave mem"unyai 3 &am%a#an : ;ase "osi!i;, ;ase ne&a!i6e se#!a mass

movement of air (blast wind! dan (emudian (em%ali no#mal.

Klasi;i(asi !#auma leda(anM 1?. $#ime#M


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umayun, ., e! al., omi


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