PVR Module 7

ETHNICITY DEFINED

A sense of identification associated with a cultural group’s common social & cultural heritage.

Complex, elusive, & not always clearly defined.

People from the same ethnic group often have a sense of uniqueness.

ETHNICITY CHARACTERISTICS

Common language & dialectMigratory statusRaceReligious faith & practicesTraditions, values, symbols, & literatureFolklore, music & food preferences

CULTURE DEFINED

There is not a single definition of culture.Culture is the sum total of learned ways of

doing, feeling, & thinking.A form of conditioning that shows itself

through behavior.Influences the manner in which the patient

& nurse relate to each other in varied situations.

CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS

Represents nonphysical traits, such as values, beliefs, attitudes & customs.

Culture is also the sum of beliefs, practices, habits, likes, dislikes, norms, customs, & rituals learned from the family during the years of socialization.

DRAW DIAGRAM ON BOARD

SOCIALIZATION: Extended family, place reared, visits home, raised with extended family, name.

CULTURAL: Extended family, participation in folk ways, language.

RELIGIOUS: Extended family, Church membership & participation, historical beliefs

ETHNIC: Extended family, resides in “ethnic” community, participates in “folk ways”, socializes with members of same ethnic group, identifies as “ethnic-American”.

SITUATEDNESS PAPER

PREJUDICE DEFINED

A preconceived judgment or opinion formed without factual knowledge.

Irrational hostility, hatred, or suspicion of a particular group, race, or religion.

PREJUDICE

Question????? Does prejudice have an impact on nurses’ giving appropriate health care?

Question????? Does prejudice have an impact on receiving appropriate health care?

Nurse prejudice vs Patient prejudice

LANGUAGE BARRIERS

Language differences are possibly the most important factor in providing trans-cultural nursing care because these differences impact all stages of the nursing process.\

If a patient does not speak the nurse’s language, a translator is necessary.

RESEARCH PROJECT

Methods of improving the response of ethnic clients to health care systems.

FINANCIAL BARRIERS

No/poor insurance coverageAccess to quality health carePurchasing power (supplies/equipment)Preventive servicesFood vs health care Patient personal presentation (old clothes)

RELIGION & SPIRITUALITY

Many nurses have difficulty differentiating spirituality from religion.

The two terms are frequently used interchangeably – and certainly there is a relationship.

RELIGION

Religion is commonly associated with the “state of doing” or a specific unified system of practices associated with a particular denomination or form of worship.

A system of organized beliefs & worship that a person practices to outwardly demonstrate his/her spirituality.

SPIRITUALITY

The need for meaning runs deep in each person. This deep need for meaning is connected to spirituality.

Individuals definitions of spirituality are influenced by their own culture, life experiences, development, & ideas about life.

SPIRITUALITY

A unifying theme in our livesA state of being

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH

HINDUISM (Accepts modern medical science) Illness is caused by past sins; prolonging life is discouraged

SIKHISM (Accepts modern medical science) Females need to be examined by females; removing undergarments will cause great distress

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH (cont’d)

BUDDHISM (Accepts modern medical science) May refuse treatment on Holy Days; nonhuman spirits invading the body cause illness; may want a Buddhist priest; may permit withdrawal of life support; does not practice euthanasia.

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH (cont’d)

SHINTO (Accepts modern medical treatments along with ancient traditions) Will not allow treatments that “appear” to injure the body

ISLAM (Must be able to practice the Five Pillars of Islam; May have a fatalistic view of health) Family members are a comfort; group prayer is strengthening; may withdraw life support; does not practice euthanasia

Five Pillars of Islam

1. There is no god but God (allah)2. The formal prayer (Salat) is done 5X/Day

facing east toward Mecca (dawn, noon, midafternoon, sunset, evening)

3. Help the poor thru tax or charity4. Fast from dawn until sunset during Ramadan5. A pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca must be taken

once in a lifetime, unless health or poverty precludes it.

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH (cont’d)

JUDAISM (Believes in the sanctity of life; God & medicine must have a balance; Observance of the Sabbath is important) They are obligated to seek care; euthanasia is forbidden; life supports are discouraged

CHRISTIANITY (Accepts modern medical science) Uses prayer, faith healing; appreciates visits from clergy

RELIGIOUS PRACTICES

Asian: CoiningBaha’i: FastingCatholicism: Baptism Jehovah Witness: Blood productsJudaism: FoodsLatter Day Saints (Morman): Holy garmentNative American: Totems

ACCOMMODATING SOCIALIZATION

If a patient experiences cultural, religious or spiritual distress, or has a health problem that causes disconnectedness, loneliness can occur.

Both the patient & the nurse must feel free to let go & discover together the meaning illness poses for the client & the impact it has on the meaning/purpose of life.

TOOLS TO ACCOMMODATE SOCIALIZATION

Establish Presence: Patients have reported that the presence of nurses & their caregiving activities contributes to a sense of well-being & provides hope for recovery

Prayer: The act of prayer is a form of “self-dedication” that allows an individual to commune with God or a higher being

SOCIALIZATION TOOLS (cont’d)

Supporting a Healing Relationship: An expert nurse learns to look beyond isolated patient problems & recognizes the broader picture of a patient’s needs. This is applying a holistic view toward a patient’s health concerns or problems.

Support Systems: provided the patient with the greatest sense of well-being.

SOCIALIZATION TOOLS (cont’d)

Diet Therapies: Food & nutrition are important aspects of nursing care. Food is also an important component of religious observances

Supporting Rituals: For many patients, the ability to exercise religious rituals is an important coping resource.

LPN ROLE IN MEETING SOCIALIZATION NEEDS

Question????? Do LPN’s have a responsibility to meet patients’ cultural, ethnical, & religious/spiritual needs?